1 An Introduction to the ITU Kevin A. Hughes Radiocommunication Bureau.
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Transcript of 1 An Introduction to the ITU Kevin A. Hughes Radiocommunication Bureau.
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An Introduction to the ITU
Kevin A. Hughes
Radiocommunication Bureau
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The ITU(International Telecommunication Union)
• Founded in 1865
• “… is an international organisation within which governments and the private sector coordinate global telecommunication networks and services”
• Foundation for today’s radiocommunications services
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Roles of ITU• Regulation
– spectrum management and coordination» Radio Regulations
• Standardisation– ITU Recommendations
» seamless interworking of systems on a global basis» technical characteristics/specifications, operational procedures, “best”
practices
• Development– assistance to developing countries
» improving telecoms infrastructure in the developing world» catalyst for forging development partnerships» increasing awareness of today’s technologies
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ITU Membership
• ITU founded on principle of cooperation between governments and the private sector
• Membership encompasses:– telecoms policy makers– regulators– network operators– equipment manufacturers– hardware and software developers– regional standards-making organizations– financial institutions
• ITU shaped by the industry it serves
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ITUMEMBERSHIP
• Member States (governments): 189• Sector Members: 660
– Recognised Operating Agencies– Scientific or Industrial Organisations– Other entities dealing with telecom matters– Regional or other International Organisations– Region Telecommunication Organisations– Intergovernmental Orgs. operating sat. systems
• Associates
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ITUGoverning Bodies
• Plenipotentiary Conference– Constitution and Convention of ITU
• Council– policies and strategy
– coordination role
• World Conferences– to negotiate agreements serving as basis for operation
of global telecoms services
– Radiocommunication Conferences, e.g. WRC-2000
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World Radiocommunication Conferences (WRC)
• Changes to the Radio Regulations– accommodate new systems and services– increased demands for spectrum
• Table of frequency allocations (Article 5)– 9 kHz – 275 GHz– footnotes
• Frequency plans– e.g. broadcasting satellite plan at ~ 12 GHz– assignment plans– allotment plans
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ITUORGANISATION
• Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R)(secretariat BR)
• Telecommunication Standardisation Sector (ITU-T)(secretariat TSB)
• Telecommunication Development Sector (ITU-D)(secretariat BDT)
• General Secretariat
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RADIOCOMMUNICATION SECTOR (ITU-R)
Aim:
“.. to ensure rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbits”
“.. to carry out studies and adopt Recommendations on radiocommunication matters”
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ITU-R objective
Objective achieved through (inter alia):
• World (and Regional) Radiocommunication Conferences
• Approval of Recommendations
Technical studies are required
which are conducted in Study Groups
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ITU-R Study Groups
• Groups of experts from ITU membership• Draft technical bases for WRCs (and
RRCs)• Draft Recommendations
– technical characteristics– operational procedures
• Compile Handbooks• Radiocommunication Assembly
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Study Groups
• SG 1: Spectrum management
• SG 3: Radiowave propagation
• SG 4: Fixed-satellite service
• SG 6: Broadcasting service
• SG 7: Science services
• SG 8: Mobile services
• SG 9: Fixed service
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ITU-R Study Groups
• Currently 7 Study Groups• Subordinate groups
– Working Party– Task Group– Rapporteur Group– Joint …….
• Coordination Committee for Vocabulary• Special Committee (regulatory/procedural)• CPM - Conference Preparatory Meeting
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Scope of Study Group 1(Spectrum management)
• Principles and techniques for– spectrum management– sharing criteria and methods– spectrum monitoring– long-term strategies for spectrum utilization
• Inter-service sharing and compatibility
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Scope of Study Group 3(Radiowave propagation)
Propagation of radiowaves in ionized and non-ionized media and the characteristics of radio noise, for the purpose of improving radiocommunication systems
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Scope of Study Group 4(Fixed-satellite service)
Systems and networks for the FSS and inter-satellite links (in the FSS), including associated tracking, telemetry and telecommand functions
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Scope of Study Group 6(Broadcasting service)
Radiocommunication broadcasting (terrestrial and satellite) of vision, sound, multimedia and data services primarily intended for delivery to the general public
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Scope of Study Group 7(Science services)
• Systems for space operation, space research, Earth exploration and meteorology
• Radio astronomy
• Standard frequency and time signals
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SG 7- some key areas of study -
• Allocations for space science services– space operations and space research services– precipitation radars (~ 35 GHz)– Earth exploration satellite service
(420-470 MHz)
• Radio astronomy– protection criteria
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Scope of Study Group 8(Mobile services)
Systems and networks for the mobile, radiodetermination and amateur services, including related satellite services
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Scope of Study Group 9(Fixed service)
Systems and networks of the fixed service operating via terrestrial stations
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Joint Studies
• Joint Task Group (JTG) 4-7-8-95 GHz band allocations– WRC-03 AI 1.5– Resolution 736 (WRC-2000)
• JTG 4-7-8Sharing in band 13.75-14 GHz– WRC-03 AI 1.24– Resolution 733 (WRC-2000)
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Study Group Products
• Technical bases for WRC– Conference Preparatory Meeting (CPM)– CPM report to WRC
• Draft ITU-R Recommendations
• Handbooks
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CPM Report to WRC-03
1. Radionavigation, radnav-sat and radiolocation services
2. Mobile, mob-satellite and space science services3. Fixed-satellite and broadcast-sat services4. Fixed and fixed-sat services and HAPS5. Maritime-mobile, amateur and am-sat, and
b’cast services at MF and HF6. Other matters7. Future work programme
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ITU-R Recommendations
• > 900 Recommendations in 16 series• “Standards” in areas of spectrum
management and radio technology• Result of consensus from meetings of
world-wide experts• Some referred to in RR• Used by spectrum planners and system
designers
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ITU-R Handbooks
• Over 30 published
• Tutorial in nature
• Emphasis on use by developing countries
• Liaison with ITU-D (and ITU-T)
• Continuing Handbook programme in ITU-R
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Concluding remarks
• The Study Groups represent a major aspect of ITU-R activities
• Technical forum for discussion amongst experts
• Technical bases for Radio Conferences
• Recommendations and Handbooks