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All cells are living All cells come

from other cellsAll cells are made

from 1 or more cells

Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms

Yeah-but where did cells come from to begin with?

In earlier times people thought that live spontaneously generated. How was this disproven?

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Summarize both experiments in your own words

Analyze what their experiments meant to the time period they performed them

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Found they could create a organic compounds by simulating Earths early atmosphere.

What are organic compounds?

How does this apply to the theory of evolution or the origins of life?

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Sidney Fox 1992Created protocell or

protobiontLarge, ordered

structure, enclosed by a membranes that carries out growth and division

Primordial Soup AA Protobionts

What

is primord

ial

soup?

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What experiments have you looked at and what do they support? How?

How does this relate to evolution. Give 2 specific justifications.

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RNA in the PastSelf ReplicationCatalyze

reactionsProtein took over

catalyzing reactions and building cells and RNA is now used to build proteins

DNAMore stable than RNA

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Eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes

Mitochondria and chloroplastsRibosomesDNAReproduce

independently of cell

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Can you tell a chicken from a fish? A human from a turtle? http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/beta/evolution/guess-embryo.html

Sure you can…complete “Timing is everything” activity

When you are done get your INB ready for cornell notes on the History of Evolutionary Thought.

11http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/teachers/activities/2317_odyultim.html#answer

Evolution is a gradual change in the characteristics of a species over time. The structures, behaviors, interactions, and internal processes observed in the millions of species on this planet are the result of the process of evolution.

Charles Darwin stated that evolution by natural selection explained how populations of organisms evolve.

1. Embryology2. DNA sequences3. Fossils4. Anatomical structures5. Biogeography

Similarity in Similarity in embryo development shows a shows a close relationship (vertebrate embryos all (vertebrate embryos all have tail & gill slits)have tail & gill slits)

Sure you can…Sure you can…complete complete “Timing is “Timing is everything” everything” activityactivity

by comparing the DNA sequences of two organisms or the amino acid sequences made from the DNA, scientists can learn which organisms are related; the more DNA two organisms have in common, the more closely related they are

2. DNA

An inherited trait that increases the population’s chances of survival and reproduction is an adaptation

•homologous structures: structure with different functions found in different species and thought to be inherited from common ancestors

ex: whales, cats and birds all have the same # and type of bones in the forelimbs but their functions are different

•analogous structures:have the different structures but the same function & do not show a close relationship

Come up with your own examples

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In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the deeper it is, the older it is.

Give us information about extinct species.Only a picture in time-incomplete

IncompleteNot everything that

lived is preservedPunctuated

equilibriumSpeciation (an event

where a new species is created)

StasisStabilizing Selection

SequentialAbility to find

evolutionary trends throughout the times

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ConvergentDistantly related

organisms develop same traits because of environmental pressures

AnalogousBird, moth, bat

Divergent EvolutionSpecies that were

once similar to a common ancestor become increasingly distinct (finches)

HomologousArm, wing, flipper

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Catastrophism Uniformatiarianism

Lamarck Darwin

Inheritance Of Acquired TraitsTraits Acquired During Ones Lifetime

Would Be Passed To Offspring

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What happened in 30-50 MY’s?

•Charles Lyell - proposed earth formed MYA not thousands of years ago

•Thomas Malthus – struggle for existence through available resources

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• John Baptiste Lamarck 1700’s – Inheritance of acquired Characteristics and Law of Use and Disuse

• Alfred Russel Wallace – came to the same conclusions as Darwin

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:

Hardy-Weinberg – researched changes in allelic frequencies. For example, what might happen in a population of mice, if their ability to run quickly and escape predation was due to a single genetic trait?

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1st to group similar organisms and assign them Latin names (Taxonomy)

Binomial Nomenclature (Genus species)

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Charles DarwinWrote On the Origin

of Species by Means of Natural Selection AKA The OriginFossil RecordTaxonomyComparative AnatomyComparative

EmbryologyBiogeography

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38Darwin returned 5 years later in 1836Darwin returned 5 years later in 1836

Small Group of Islands 1000 km West of South America

Very Different ClimatesAnimals On Islands Unique

TortoisesIguanasFinches

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What differences do you see in the Galapagos Islands

Tortoises?

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Finches resembled a mainland finchMore types of finches appeared where the

available food was different (seeds, nuts, berries, insects…)

Finches had different types of beaks adapted to type of food gathering…ex of:Speciation

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How did the finch speciation occur? What environmental,

genetic, physical changes took place?

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What a Beak Activity (UTDanaCtr) can be used to elaborate on speciation/ natural selection

Peppered Moth Activity (UTDanaCtr) can be used to elaborate natural selection due to environmental changes.

Easter Island Activity (UTDanaCtr) can be used for natural selection due to human impact

Natural Selection lab can be used

The pressures that act as an agent of change in populations or maintain a status quo

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FitAbility to survive

Multitude of variables

Those that survive go on to…..___________

Natural selectionActs on variations

What is a variation?It is….____________If the variation helps

the organisms to survive it will _______________

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Write what you see in your notes.

What are the letters?

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Producing changes in populations not individuals!

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Write a description in your notebook for B, C, D

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Volcanism

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Rate of mutation Depends on how

advantageous mutation/variation is

Speed up evolution

Pesticide ResistanceAntibiotic Resistance

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How many young are born and successfully live:Inherited Variationk & r selected

speciesFinite supply of

resources

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List how these organisms evolved to geography:CactusPolar BearCrocodileFish

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What does ‘geo’ mean?

Diversification through geologic changes

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Mating Rituals (include Non-random mating)Runaway SelectionCourtship

Territory

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Bottleneck Effect Founders Effect

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Sympatric SpeciationSpeciation without

geographic barrierPolyploidy

Allopatric SpeciationSpecies separated

geographically

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