1. A spiraling, complex molecule containing genes is called:

• A) DNA.• B) a chromosome.• C) a genome.• D) a gene complex.

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2. In adoption studies, scientists have found:

• A) adopted children have personalities closer to the parents who raised them.

• B) adopted children have personalities closer to the other children they were raised with.

• C) adopted children have personalities shaped predominantly from their environments.

• D) adopted children have personalities closer to their biological parents.

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3. In studying worldwide mating preferences, researchers have found that, in 37 countries:

• A) men prefer thinner women.

• B) women prefer mates with wealth and status.

• C) mating preferences differed according to cultural norms.

• D) women are marrying younger than ever before.

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4. Rats raised in more stimulating

environments resulted in:

• A) “talented” rats who could count to ten.

• B) happier and more sociable rats.• C) larger brains and more

synaptic connections.• D) increased sexual activity.

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5. Shared environmental influences account for ___ of children’s personality differences.

• A) less than 10 percent.

• B) about 50 percent.

• C) about 25 percent.

• D) more than 50 percent.

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6. Children who grow up hearing one accent of speech at home and a different one from their peers:

• A) do not develop accents.

• B) develop accents similar to their parents.

• C) develop accents similar to their peers.

• D) has no relation to their own speech.

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7. Identical twins can differ in their development before they are born in cases of:

• A) genetic mutations.

• B) two placentas.

• C) different fathers.

• D) alcohol abuse.

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8. Boys usually play ____ and girls usually play ____.

• A) socially; aggressively

• B) aggressively; competitively

• C) with one friend; in large groups

• D) large groups with an activity; with one friend

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9: A set of expectations about the way men and women should behave are:

• A) cultural norms.

• B) gender identity.

• C) male-female constructs.

• D) gender roles.

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10. Tichner believed in the method called ____ to investigate psychological processes.

• A) the experimental method

• B) cause-and-effect relationships

• C) introspection

• D) psychoanalysis

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11. The first textbook was written by:

• A) Washburn.

• B) Titchner.

• C) Wundt.

• D) James.

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12. In studying anger, the psychologist who views an anger outburst as an outlet for unconscious hostility is coming from the ___ perspective.

• A) neuroscience• B) evolutionary• C) cognitive• D) psychodynamic

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13. The psychologist most likely to treat mental disorders is the:

• A) counseling psychologist.

• B) clinical psychologist.

• C) personality psychologist.

• D) developmental psychologist.

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14. The ___ has a medical degree and prescribes medication.

• A) clinical psychologist

• B) neuropsychologist

• C) psychiatrist

• D) all of the above

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15. You are a VP in a major corporation and need to hire a professional to help hire and train employees more effectively. Your best choice would likely be a(n):

• A) industrial/organizational psychologist.

• B) clinical psychologist.

• C) social psychologist.

• D) cognitive psychologist.

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16. Research aimed at building psychology’s knowledge base is:

• A) applied research.

• B) academic research.

• C) basic research.

• D) theoretical research.

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17. The ____ administers tests and provides therapy and the ___ prescribes medication.

• A) clinical psychologist; psychiatrist

• B) psychiatrist; clinical psychologist

• C) counseling psychologist; clinical psychologist

• D) school psychologist; clinical psychologist

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18. Together, three different levels form an integrated approach to understanding psychological processes. This approach is called:

• A) neuro-developmental.

• B) biopsychosocial.

• C) bio-mental-behavioral.

• D) cognitive-behavioral.

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19. Julie appeared not to be surprised when the couple broke up. “I could have predicted that,” she said. Julie is demonstrating:

• A) ESP.

• B) hindsight bias.

• C) overestimation the extent to which others share her opinion.

• D) correlation proves causation.

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20. The following is an example of an operational definition:

• A) stress is defined as how well a person adjusts to his/her environment.

• B) personality is defined as how well that person relates to others.

• C) empathy is defined as showing you can understand the other person’s feelings.

• D) intelligence is defined as a score on an intelligence test.

• E) all of the above. 25

21. When everybody has an equal chance of being included in a study, this process is called:

• A) unbiased reporting.

• B) a survey.

• C) a random sample.

• D) reliability.

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22. Which of the following correlation coefficients reflects the strongest correlation?

• A) +.10

• B) -.64

• C) +.35

• D) -.10

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23. Consistently, we find low self-esteem is often related with high levels of depression. This means:

• A) low self-esteem causes depression.

• B) depression causes low self-esteem.

• C) low self-esteem and depression are caused by a third factor.

• D) they are correlated but this does not prove causation.

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24. In an experiment, the group of participants who are exposed to the treatment of interest is in the:

• A) control condition.• B) independent condition.• C) placebo condition.• D) experimental condition.

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25. Neither the researcher nor the subjects knew whether or not they received the drug studied or a placebo. This is an example of:

• A) expectancy effects.

• B) placebo effects.

• C) a double-blind study.

• D) nothing. It would be ridiculous.

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26. The best way to assure the post-treatment differences found between the experimental and control groups is due to the treatment is by:

• A) random assignment.

• B) training your subjects well.

• C) letting your subjects know which group they are in.

• D) using a placebo.

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27: If results of research are not likely to have occurred by chance, we say the results are:

• A) an illusory correlation.• B) descriptive.• C) valid.• D) statistically significant.

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28. When we experience _____, we feel tension when our actions do not coincide with our beliefs.

• A) cognitive dissonance.• B) actor-observer

discrepancy.• C) personal perception.• D) self-serving bias.

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29. For teens, it is especially important to dress and act like their peers in order to be accepted by the group. This pressure to conform is called: • A) informational social influence.

• B) ethnocentrism.

• C) out-group homogeneity.

• D) normative social influence.

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30. Milgram did not require his subjects to shock people at the highest level at the beginning, but to build up to it. He used the:

• A) cognitive dissonance theory.

• B) foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

• C) normative social influence.

• D) social exchange theory.

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31. When people are working in a group on a project rather than individually, there is likely to be less effort by some, called:

• A) social loafing.

• B) competition.

• C) self-serving bias.

• D) cognitive dissonance.

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32. When a group’s goal of harmony takes precedence over rational decision-making, they become involved in the process of:

• A) social cognition.

• B) group polarization.

• C) group think.

• D) fundamental attribution error.

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33. Rape victims are sometimes blamed for wearing too revealing clothes and, “getting what they deserved.” This false conclusion is based on:

• A) the just-world hypothesis.

• B) fundamental attribution error.

• C) social categorization.

• D) social exchange theory.

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34: According to the bystander effect, if you needed help you would be more likely to get it if:

• A) many people were present.• B) few people were present.• C) someone else was also

helping.• D) no one knew you.

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