1 – Revision of Bangalore’s CDP GIS Land use 2 – Spatial ...Bangalore Metropolitan Area...

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1GROUPE FIT

EILAT 2009 FIG Working week

Bangalore,

looking back on the experience

Landsat - 1991

The approach

The Scenarios

Results & Future perspectives

What do we meanby metropolis?

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Bangalore, looking back on the experience

Landsat - 1991

The approach

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• Duration: 24 months, • Team: More than 90

people were mobilised: Urban planner, architects, economists, demographers, geographers, engineers transport experts, cartographer, GIS engineers.

• Budget: 4.6 M€€ & 0.4 million €€ in the form of BDA employees made available by the client, the BDA.

• IT equipment: 0.56 M€€• Services: 4.44 M€€ .

THE MSDI PROJECTTHE MSDI PROJECT

1 1 –– Revision of BangaloreRevision of Bangalore’’s CDP s CDP – Realisation of the Urban Master plan– Realisation of the Land use map– Definition and elaboration of the Urban Regulatory framework

2 2 –– Spatial Infrastructure: Spatial Infrastructure: – Digital large scale Land use/land pattern map,

– Implementation of urban spatial repository

– Development and diffusion of GIS-enabled applications for domain expertise

• Multi-usage Urban database

• Interactive spatial terminal

• Web-base urban planning tools

• Land use management simulation tools

• Project management tools for BDA housing programs,

• Building permit management and administration tools

3 3 –– Local capacity building & trainingLocal capacity building & training– Urban planning – City management –Mapping - GIS

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1:50

,000

GIS

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AN INTEGRATED APPROACHAN INTEGRATED APPROACH

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METHODOLOGY

Urb

an p

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Spat

ial st

rate

gy

Land

use

re

gula

tion

S + 8 m

S + 11 m

S + 17 m

CDP REVISION :CDP REVISION :

A A ““Top to bottomTop to bottom”” approachapproach

Tra

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Stre

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Larg

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cemap

Trai

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& In

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Geographical information (GIS) & Applications

Urban planning documents

CDP REVISIONCDP REVISION-- DELIVERABLESDELIVERABLES

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populationpopulation

Educ

atio

n

Educ

atio

n

NITC

NITC

Gree

n

Gree

n be

ltbe

ltCBD

CBD

TransportTransport

Was

te

Was

te

InfrastructureInfrastructure

FacilitIesFacilitIes

HousingHousing

Trad

e

Trad

e& &

Indu

stry

Indu

stry

Land

&

Land

&

Prop

erty

Prop

erty

adm

instra

tion

adm

instra

tion

Shan

ty

Shan

tyto

wns

towns

InformalInformaleconomyeconomy

WaterWater

HeritageHeritage TourismTourism

CDP REVISIONCDP REVISION-- TOPICS INVOLVEDTOPICS INVOLVED

PopulationPopulation

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Bangalore,


Landsat - 1991

What do we meanby metropolis?

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The Territory

Geography

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Bangalore Metro Area

Bangalore Urban Area

Bangalore Metropolitan Area

Geography

1306 km2 – Pop 63 lakhs

501 km – Pop 58 lakhs

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A high density unequally distributed along the city

BangaloreShanghaiMoscowRomaBerlin

SHANGHAI

244 km2

7,397,000 population

303 inhabitants/ha

MOSCOW

470 km2

8,543,000 population

181 inhabitants/ha

Urban shape

Population

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Urban Area 532km2

AtlantaBarcelona

Barcelona (Spain):2.8 million people(2001)162 km2 (built up area)172 inhab/ha

SPOT 5 - April 2003

Bangalore

Territory

Urban Footprints

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Bangalore City Corporation

Green belt

Theoretical border of CDP

Which territories?

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Which project?

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Land use

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ChunchghattaSrinidhi layout

KIADB industrial area

Coffee board layoutChamundeswari layout

Judicial colony

Kareemsab nagarChamundi nagar

Peenya industrial estate

Rajarajeshwari nagar

PuttenahalliJaraganahalli Mangamana palaya

Hongasandara

Sadaramangala industrial area

Marattahalli extension

Duravani nagar

Gokula extension

HMT Layout

Banasavadi

Magadi road -Chord road layout

Azad nagar

Banashankari 1st stage

Banashankari 2nd stage

Indiranagar 1st stage

Koramangala 3rd block

Chickpete

Cantonment

Halsur

Domlur

Koramangala

Frazer town

Basavanagudi

Malleshvaram

Mattadahalli

Vyalikaval Maruti seva Nagar

Golf course

Territory

Evolution of urban sprawl

Kengeri satellite Town

Vallabahai Layout

BHEL layout

AECS LAYOUT

20102010 ??20032003458 km²6,16 M/inh

19951995295 km²4,1M/inh

19731973160 km²1,65 M/inh

1884188456 km²

180718074 km²0,1 M/inh

163016302 km²0,1 M/inh

19481948160 km²0,77 M/inh

Chamarajpet

Sheshadripuram

Benson TownCleveland Town

ShuleRichmond TownBinny Mill

Minerva Mill

Indian institute of science

Devarjeevanahalli

Cox TownSriramapura

Vishveshwarapuram

Tasker Town

ShankarapuraGavipuram Austin Town

Richards Town

VishweswhariahLayout

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ValleyValley

HousingHousing estateestate

ECOLOGYECOLOGYTANKTANKKODIGEHALLI KEREKODIGEHALLI KERE

TANKTANK

HEBBALHEBBAL

BarhatBarhat ElectronicElectronic

Ring RoadRing Road

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II - ANALYSIS

II - DIAGNOSIS

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20012001Towards demographicmaturity

20012001+0.8 M/inh/year+ 3.25%/year

20202020+10 M/inh

1,63 1,89 2,40 3,09 4,107,86

12,0616,64

29,21

41,30

56,86

78,14

103,00

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021

Census period

Po

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Population

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Population & densityPopulation & density

20012001

Overall density of the city of Bangalore : 130inh/ha

20212021Density of 1Density of 1stst et 2et 2ndnd ringsrings 65 inh/ha

Population

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A SOCIETY UNDERGOING PROFOUND CHANGEA SOCIETY UNDERGOING PROFOUND CHANGE

••33% of population growth,

•6% of growth in empoyment,

•9% in added value andincome growth

Evolution of income 1991 Evolution of income 1991 -- 20012001

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SOCIAL EQUITYSOCIAL EQUITY

• Access to public services for all• Access to the centrality for all activities and all social groups. • Access to decent housing conditions catering to half of the population.

Social Index

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Economy & social dimension

Shadow areas

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Environment

ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

•Irrigated perimeters = 98 km²•Wetlands = 11 km²•Valleys= 38 km²•Non irrigated cultivated land= 277 km²•Quarries = 11 km²•Forests = 491 km²

20042004

81 Lakes

19611961

262 Lakes

5

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Environment

Valleys & retenues collinaires

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Education Education •2917 schools•468 colleges•9 universities

•A deficit of about 10%

Social Infrastructure

Education

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Infant mortality: 24 for 1000 birth,

•753 health centers

Social Infrastructure

Health – Number of beds

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Transport Facts & Figures•1991 : 0,68 M/vehicules•2003 : 1,83 lakh M/vehicules,•Growth => 8.6%/year

BusBus 2W Walk 3W Car Chartered Cycle Others

Mode of Transport

0

5

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15

20

25

30

35

40

Pe

rce

nta

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TRANSPORTTRANSPORT

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TYPES OF URBANISASTION TYPES OF URBANISASTION & HOUSING& HOUSING

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Vacant Area BMA185 km²

Vacant Area BCC20,6 km²

Land & Property

Urban Sprawl

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-130 km2,

-24% of the urban area

-Encroaching the green belt by 33km2

- Fulfilling the Land requirement until 2014,

- Strong marker of institutional malfunctioning

Land & Property

Informal developments

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Economy

An incubator for economic acitivty

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Bangalore,


Landsat - 1991

Scenarios

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THE MAJOR FACTS OF THE EQUATION…

…200 km² of developed but vacant land => needs for 2015

…Rail - Road

…partial, total retreat of the green belt …

…Population +200 000 / year

…Water scarcity?

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Water flowThe NITC corridorThe integrated city

Options for urban growth

Preliminary proposals

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Scenario C1

Scenario B

Options for Growth

Preliminary proposal

Scenario DScenario E

Scenario C2

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SUST

ANAI

BLE

ECO

NO

MIC

GR

OW

TH

SUST

ANAI

BLE

ECO

NO

MIC

GR

OW

THTransportTransport

ITIT

INDUSTRYINDUSTRY

Small Small ScaleScale

IndustryIndustry

LogisticLogistic

SOCIAL

EQUITYY

SOCIAL

EQUITYY

ECOLOGY

ECOLOGY

MASTERMASTER PLAN PLAN –– GOVERNING PRINCIPLESGOVERNING PRINCIPLES

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V – STRATEGY

V- MASTER PLAN & CDP

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47 PLANNING DISTRICTS

Proposed Land Use Maps

Existing Land Use Maps

Planning District Reports

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VI – COMMUNICATION

VI- PARTICIPATIVE APPROACH

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Public ParticipationPublic Participation

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VII – MANAGEMENT

VII- IMPLEMENTATION

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Training & Capacity Building

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0 100 200 300 Meters

0 100 200 300 Meters

Old urban Old urban fabricfabric

Plot 30 to 300 m2Density: between 300 to 600 inhab/ha Height: Gf, Gf+1, Gf+2Road Width : from. 8 to 12m

Dense and organic urban fabricMixed area : residential , traditional & commercial activités.

48GROUPE FIT


Mixed areas

Historical zones Cultural Heritage

REVIEWREVIEW

URBAN REGULATIONSURBAN REGULATIONS

GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONSGENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS

Urban fabric under transformation

Poorly serviced areas

• Keep the diversity of the urban functions and pattern, preservation of the mixed areas,• To retain and improve the structure and the general design/appearance of the ward,• Effective management of the Floor Area Ratio,• Adoption of the principle of TDR vested rights (possibility to benefit from an equivalent built up area as previously allowed, in cases of reconstruction).

• Initiate a dedicated, specific & multi sector based survey for these zones,• Promote renewal operations involving the public players (BWSSB, BESCOM….), the BCC, the land lords & end users. Users.• Upgrading of the current infrastructure (Drain, Water supply, sewerage, power, roads.etc)

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0 100 200 300 Meters0 100 200 300 Meters

High land use density.Small plots fill up the block and buildings

closely abut the streets.

OLD URBAN FABRICOLD URBAN FABRICShivajiShivaji NagarNagar

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8000 km2

Population: 7,8M

Bangalore a metropolis in the heart of the Deccan Plateau

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Bangalore Metro Area

Bangalore Urban Area

Metropolitain Territory

Geography

1306 km2 – Pop 63 lakhs

501 km – Pop 58 lakhs52GROUPE FIT


Bangalore 6.16 million inhabitants 532 km2

ModelsModels ofof urbanurban developmentdevelopment

Kengeri

Yelahanka

Chickpet

POPULATION DENISTY IN BANGALORE POPULATION DENISTY IN BANGALORE -- 3D3D

54GROUPE FIT


Urban densities Urban densities –– some comparisonssome comparisons

Berlin = 892KM2,

3,45 M/in, 38.8in inh/ha

London = 1579 km 6,68 M inh, 40.5 inh/ha

BANGALORE = 532 km2,

6,1.M Inh - 130 inh/ha

Rome = 1285 km2,

2,8M inh, 21.8 inh/ha

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URBAN STRUCTURE OF BANGALORE URBAN STRUCTURE OF BANGALORE

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MARKET FORCESMARKET FORCES

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Local revenue Social dimension & Economy

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3030--6060

100100--180180

6060--8080

8080--100100

00--3030

WATER ISSUESWATER ISSUES

•Between 1991 – 2003 25% Growth in Metered domestic connections•Large disparities within the agglomeration•29% of households still have recourse to public fountains •the ground water table represents about 40% of the water resources.

Connection for 1000 Connection for 1000 inhabinhab

Infrastructure

Water & Sewerage

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Infrastructure

Water

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Infrastructure

Sewerage

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Bus

Bus 2W Walk 3W Car Chartered Cycle Others

Mode of Transport

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Per

cen

tage

Distribution of Trips

Growth in number of Growth in number of vehiclesvehicles

•1991 : 0,68 M•2003 : 1,83 M•+8.6%/an

Infrastructure

Transport

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Non notified squatter settlements

Unauthorized BDA/KHB/BMP/EWS plots Private builders

I II III IV V

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Unauthorized revenue sites

%%

Housing Housing 20022002

•Social housing 22.8%, (-20%)

•URS 56% (+32%)

•Private 5.2% (+4.4%)

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1973 161 km²16, 54,lacs inh

1990304 km²40,86 lacs

2003521 km²65 lacs inh

2010 ?

1990

2003

1973

DEMOGRAPHIC MATURITY

1991199120012001

So urc e : SCE, Ce nsus 2001

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CHENNAI

CHENNAI

BANGALOREBANGALORE

IT+?IT+?

HYDERABADHYDERABAD

20th 20th CenturyCentury

Delhi, Delhi, MumbaiMumbai, , KalcataKalcata are are notnot representedrepresented 68GROUPE FIT


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««DOING NOTHINGDOING NOTHING»» SCENARIOSCENARIO

20102010

19731973

Urbanisation Urbanisation sprawlsprawl

««IT CORRIDORIT CORRIDOR»» SCENARIOSCENARIO

20052005

19731973

Urbanisation Urbanisation sprawlsprawl

20102010

«« INTEGRATED CITYINTEGRATED CITY »» SCENARIOSCENARIO

MainlyMainly Indus. + R&DIndus. + R&D

SPATIAL SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONDISTRIBUTION

MainlyMainly LogisticLogistic & Indus.& Indus.

MainlyMainly ITIT

Phase 2Phase 2

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1 – Revision of Bangalore’s CDP GIS Land use 2 – Spatial ...Bangalore Metropolitan Area...

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