11

A Leadership A Leadership PrimerPrimer

forfor

FS DoctrineFS Doctrine

Tom HarbourTom HarbourApril 2006April 2006

Aviation DoctrineAviation Doctrine

“ “It is insanity to continue It is insanity to continue doing the same thing doing the same thing

over and over and expect over and over and expect the results to be the results to be

different...”different...”

Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein

33

Questions About Questions About DoctrineDoctrine Explain the intent in simple termsExplain the intent in simple terms Where are we in the process?Where are we in the process? What are impacts on training?What are impacts on training? How do we implement without revising How do we implement without revising

existing policy?existing policy? How does it affect Safety, vulnerability How does it affect Safety, vulnerability

and liability?and liability? What’s different from existing principles?What’s different from existing principles? What about our partners?What about our partners?

44

IntentIntent

An organization guided by well An organization guided by well stated principles that clearly stated principles that clearly represent our work, the represent our work, the environment, and the mission. environment, and the mission.

Principles are intended to develop Principles are intended to develop

the ability to make good choices.the ability to make good choices.

55

Phase I : educates the workforce.

Phase II: validates doctrine in the mission

Phase III: implements Doctrinal principles into action

in the workforce

We will Assimilate We will Assimilate Doctrine in Three Doctrine in Three PhasesPhases

66

Phase I: Education and Phase I: Education and UnderstandingUnderstanding

Pulaski Conferences identified a core set Pulaski Conferences identified a core set of principles that define the missionof principles that define the mission

•Communicate our Intent

• Develop trust and understanding

• Gain acceptance

• Foster support

77

How do we implement How do we implement without revising existing without revising existing policy? policy?

This is one of the early steps in This is one of the early steps in validating the concept of doctrine. validating the concept of doctrine.

Policy is viewed as that combination of Policy is viewed as that combination of principles and rules that guide principles and rules that guide practices and behaviors of the practices and behaviors of the organization and it’s members.organization and it’s members.

88

Phase II. ValidationPhase II. Validation

Step 1Step 1

Making the Paradigm Shift:Making the Paradigm Shift:– Assessing what documents we need Assessing what documents we need

to change to change – Placing policy and doctrine togetherPlacing policy and doctrine together– Placing rules and procedure into Placing rules and procedure into

guides guides

99

Phase II: ValidationPhase II: Validation

““What is necessary to change a person What is necessary to change a person is to change his awareness of himself”.is to change his awareness of himself”.

A. MaslowA. Maslow

Step 2Step 2 EvaluatingEvaluating LearningLearning ModifyingModifying CommunicatingCommunicating

1010

Phase III. Action & Phase III. Action & ImplementationImplementation

Step 1Step 1 Change in OrganizationChange in Organization

– Risk ManagementRisk Management

– Human Performance and Human Performance and DevelopmentDevelopment

1111

Phase III.Phase III. Action &Action &

Implementation Implementation STEP 2STEP 2 Comprehensive overhaul of Comprehensive overhaul of

training materials training materials Train the trainersTrain the trainers Train the LeadershipTrain the Leadership Train the militia Train the militia

1212

Phase III. Action & Phase III. Action & ImplementationImplementation

Step 3Step 3 Change in management systemsChange in management systems

– Communicate leaders intentCommunicate leaders intent– Demonstrated behaviorsDemonstrated behaviors

Peer ReviewPeer Review– Our wrong choices and our right Our wrong choices and our right

choices, handled correctly, become choices, handled correctly, become a learning experience for ourselves a learning experience for ourselves and others.and others.

1313

What’s different from What’s different from existing principles?existing principles?

Return to foundational doctrine as Return to foundational doctrine as the cornerstone of our philosophy the cornerstone of our philosophy about our mission and purposeabout our mission and purpose

It is easier to act our way into a It is easier to act our way into a new way of thinking than think new way of thinking than think our way into a new way of actingour way into a new way of acting

Aviation DoctrineAviation Doctrine

Poor Leadership”

HUMAN ERRORS

“ACTS OF GOD”

Poor Safety

Systems

In a rules-driven culture the In a rules-driven culture the injured person was at faultinjured person was at fault

ACCIDENTS

A NATURAL SIDE EFFECT OF RISK TAKING

1515

The variability The variability paradoxparadox

Human Error is implicated in 70-Human Error is implicated in 70-80% of accidents.80% of accidents.

With Doctrine in place we strive for With Doctrine in place we strive for greater consistency of human greater consistency of human action.action.

Making good choices involves the Making good choices involves the application of principles and application of principles and obedience to rules along with obedience to rules along with learning from mistakeslearning from mistakes

1616

Individual & Individual & Organizational FailuresOrganizational Failures

IndividualAccidents OrgAx

Failure of personal protection

against error

Failures of multiple

systems

Common ground:Inadequate Doctrine

Poor safety culture Operational

pressure

1717

Restating the Problem Restating the Problem with “Failures in with “Failures in Performance”Performance” Choice implies the ability to choose. Choice implies the ability to choose.

Some choices will be wrong. People Some choices will be wrong. People make mistakes. People must have the make mistakes. People must have the ability to improvise, adapt, and ability to improvise, adapt, and overcome obstacles. We must learn overcome obstacles. We must learn from those experiences, right or from those experiences, right or wrong.wrong.

Rules do not overcome human Rules do not overcome human naturenature

1818

Between true science and erroneous Doctrines, ignorance is in the middle.

Hobbes, Leviathan

1919

What does doctrine do?What does doctrine do?

Doctrine Guides Doctrine Guides HowHow we Think we Think– Rules begat mindless rules begat Rules begat mindless rules begat

mindless behaviormindless behavior– Mindless rules are those without a Mindless rules are those without a

direct link to a key principle.direct link to a key principle.– Principles begat mindful philosophy Principles begat mindful philosophy

begat doctrine to guide thinking and begat doctrine to guide thinking and behaviorbehavior

2020

– Doctrine is taught as “right” behaviorDoctrine is taught as “right” behavior

– It teaches you how to take risk successfully as It teaches you how to take risk successfully as opposed to restricting action considered to be risky opposed to restricting action considered to be risky thru rules & checklists.thru rules & checklists.

What does Doctrine do What does Doctrine do for for me ?me ?

2121

How does Doctrine Affect How does Doctrine Affect Safety, Vulnerability andSafety, Vulnerability andLiability?Liability?

Good and bad outcomes are directly Good and bad outcomes are directly related to actions and behaviors, and related to actions and behaviors, and individual adherence to a clearer and more individual adherence to a clearer and more meaningful set of rules results in better meaningful set of rules results in better performance.performance.

Our challenge is to develop leaders who Our challenge is to develop leaders who match the wide variety of situations that match the wide variety of situations that we face.we face.

2222

What about our What about our partners?partners?

Through the understanding of Through the understanding of doctrine employees and leaders alike doctrine employees and leaders alike are provided with a means to avoid are provided with a means to avoid both risk aversion and recklessness.both risk aversion and recklessness.

There is nothing exclusive in our There is nothing exclusive in our doctrines that precludes partners doctrines that precludes partners from joining with us.from joining with us.

2323

“Those who are possessed of a definitive body of doctrine and

deeply rooted convictions will be in a much better position to deal with the shifts and surprises of daily affairs than those who are

merely taking short views”

Sir Winston Churchill

2424

DISCUSSION ?