1 A Background Paper on Bangladesh Fisheries Md. Ferdous Alam Madan Mohan Dey.
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Transcript of 1 A Background Paper on Bangladesh Fisheries Md. Ferdous Alam Madan Mohan Dey.
1
A Background Paper on Bangladesh Fisheries
Md. Ferdous AlamMadan Mohan Dey
2
BANGLADESH
The country is bounded by India in the north and west; by the Bay of Bengal in the south, and finally by part of India and Myanmar in the eastern side.
The total area of the country is 147,570 sq km (56,977 sq. miles).
A wide portion of land is covered by large rivers such as the Padma, the Jamuna, the Teesta, the Meghna, the Brahmaputra, and the Surma.
There are also thousandsof tributaries with a total length of about 24,140 km. These rivers are connected to the Bay of Bengal.
3
FISHERIES RESOURCES
1. Inland Open-waters : 4047316ha 84.75% (capture fishery)
2. Inland closed-water : 528390ha 15.25%
(culture fishery) Total inland area : 4575706 ha
100.00% 3. Marine water :166,000 sq km
FISHERIES POTENINTIAL
Fisheries have huge potential
Have one of the highest man-water ratio in the world (at 20 persons per ha of watet area)
Available sunlight and temperature throughout the year is an added advantage for fish production
Water fertility is conducive to fish growth
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FISH AND FISHERIES
Fish and fisheries are an integral part of the life of Bangladeshi Fish is a natural complement in the diet of
Bangladeshi Fish supplies 58% of animal protein 13 million people are involved for livelihood 73% of rural household are involved in freshwater
aquaculture and floodplains Fisheries contribute: 4.64% to the GDP 23.00% to agricultural GDP, and 5.10% to foreign exchange earning
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INLAND OPEN-WATERS (CAPTURE FISHERY)
Environment Water Area (ha)
i. Rivers and Estuaries 853,863
(21.10%)ii. Sundarban (water resources in forest)
177,700
(4.38%)iii. Beel (deepest part of the floodplain)
114,161
(2.82%) iv. Kaptai lake 68,800
(1.70%)v. Floodplain 2,832,792
(70.00%)Total inland open-waters 4,047,316
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Inland closed-water (culture fishery)
Environment Water Area (ha)
i. Ponds and ditches 30 5,205 (57.76%)
II Baor (ox-bow lake for hydro electricity
generation)
5,488 (1.04%)
iii. Shrimp Farms (freshwater and Brackish water)
217,877
(41.23%)
Total inland closed-waters
528,390
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Marine waters
Environment Water Area
i. Coastal Area 2.30 million ha
ii. Coast line (along the Bay of Bengal)
710 km
iii. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) 200-mile
Total Marine Water (including EEZ) 166,000 sq km
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Fish Production (2008-09)
Inland capture fisheries Production (ton)
Productivity(Kg/ha)
i. Rivers and estuaries 138,160 162 ii. Sundarban 18,462 104 iii. Beel 79,200 694 iv. Kaptai lake 8,590 125 v. Floodplain 879,513 310 Total 1,123,925
(41.61%)Inland culture fishery
i. Ponds and ditches 912,178 2991 ii. baor 5,038 918 iii. Shrimp/prawn farm 145,585 668 Total 1,062,801
(39.61%)Marine Fisheries 514,644
(19.05%)
Country Total 2,701,370
Fish Production Trend of Bangladesh
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
Year
Prod
uctio
n (to
n)
11
Fish production from different sources
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
Year
Pro
du
ctio
n (
ton
s)Inland captureInland culturemarine
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Fish production from inland culture sources
Fish production from inland culture fishery
0100000200000300000400000500000600000700000800000900000
100000011000001200000
1983-8
4
1984-8
5
1985-8
6
1986-8
7
1987-8
8
1988-8
9
1989-9
0
1990-9
1
1991-9
2
1992-9
3
1993-9
4
1994-9
5
1995-9
6
1996-9
7
1997-9
8
1998-9
9
1999-0
0
2000-0
1
2001-0
2
2002-0
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2003-0
4
2004-0
5
2005-0
6
2006-0
7
2007-0
8
2008-0
9
Year
Pro
du
cti
on
(T
on
s)
Ponds BaorsShrimp farms Total aquaculture
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Prawn/shrimp production over time by sources
0
25000
50000
75000
100000
125000
150000
175000
200000
225000
250000
27500019
90-9
1
1991
-92
1992
-93
1993
-94
1994
-95
1995
-96
1996
-97
1997
-98
1998
-99
1999
-00
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
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2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
Year
Pro
du
ctio
n (
ton
)inland openwater inland cultureMarine Total
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Hilsha harvest over time by sources
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
35000019
90-9
1
1991
-92
1992
-93
1993
-94
1994
-95
1995
-96
1996
-97
1997
-98
1998
-99
1999
-00
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
Year
Pro
duct
ion
(tons
)
Inland waters Marine waterTotal
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Fish Production Growth (1983-84 to 2008-09)
Fishery Exponential growth rate
(%)
Rank
A. Inland capture fishery 3.78
i. Rivers and estuaries -1.48 9 ii. Sundarban 4.64 5 iii. Beels 2.70 8 iv. Kaptai Lake 4.28 7 v. Floodplain 6.34 4
B. Inland culture Fishery 9.69
i. Ponds 9.63 2 ii. Baor 7.48 3 iii. Shrimp farms 10.37 1C. Marine Fishery 4.34
i. Industrial fishery 4.59 6 ii. Artisanal 4.28 7 Total (all fisheries) 5.61
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Fish Biodiversity
There are 300 species of fish and 20 species of prawns in Bangladesh.
The most common species is ilish (national fish)
60 native and 13 exotic species of fish and 20 species of shrimp in inland freshwaters.
The major and minor indigenous carps are (katla, rohu, mrigel and kalbasu) and (bata, reba, nandin and gonia).
Introduced exotic species are silver carps, grass carp, bighead carp, black carp, common carp, silver barb, Tilapia and Mahseer
Indigenous carps (Rohu, Catla and Mrigal) and one exotic carp (silver carp) accounts for about 74% of pond production.
Other major cultures species in Bangladesh include the grass carp, common carp, tilapia and Pangas.
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Threat to Biodiversity
Number of freshwater species is declining at an alarming rate with some species, in recent years, having become extinct.
According to the Red Book figure, about 54 freshwater species are critically or somewhat endangered in the country. Among them 14 species are listed as critically endangered; 27 as endangered and 14 s vulnerable (IUCN, 2000).
Overfishing, rapid extraction of fish seed and broodstock, destructive and unregulated fishing practices, pollution, introduction of exotic species, loss of aquatic habitat due to siltation, dam construction, and other anthropogenic activities have been the major causes of fish species loss.
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Intensity of technology use
Technology Intensity Technollogy Intensity
Mixed culture of carps
IE, SI Sorpunti culture IE
Integrated Fish Culture
IE, SI Pangas culture IE
Composite culture of carps and freshwater prawn
IE, SI Galda IE
Culture of Tilapia IE, SI Bagda E, SI
Culture of Exotic magur
IE, SI, I
Fish culture in cages
SI, I
Fish cultutre in Pen IE
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Processing and export
No. of Fish processing plant: 133 Most of them are in Khulna and Chittagong Capacity far outstrips supply (18-20% capacity
utilization) Product sale comprises 72% unprocessed (frozen
whole) product, 24% prepared/preserved and 4% other products (frozen freshwater fish)
Main markets are USA (40%), EU (UK, Netherland, Belgium,
Germany) 39% Demand is strong for Bagda and Golda Freshwater fish are exported for expatriate
Bangladeshi communities
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Fisheries Export
Year Total export
(tons)
Total value (Million Taka)
% of total export earning
1999-00 39391 18115.6 6.282000-01 38988 20327.5 5.77
2001-02 41482 16371.4 4.76
2002-03 47371 19415.9 5.10
2003-04 54141 23634.7 5.71
2004-05 63377 25712.2 5.90
2005-06 68829 30298.4 4.56
2006-07 73704 33528.9 4.902007-08 75299 33962.8 4.04
2008-09 72888 32434.1 3.00
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Fisheries Export Trend
Quantity and Value of fish and fisheries products exported
y = 2978.3x + 21182
y = 1635.5x + 5207
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
Year
Val
ue o
f exp
ort (
Mill
ion
Taka
)
Qty. exported value of exportLinear (Qty. exported )Linear (value of export)
Export of fish and fish products 2008-09
Frozen shrimp/prawn Live fishFrozen fish DryfishSalted &dehydrated fish Turtle/Tortoise, crrab & eelShark fin and Fish Maws Others
Export itemsQty (ton)
% of total
Frozen shrimp/prawn 50368 69.103
Live fish 0.3 0.000
Frozen fish 19294 26.471
Dryfish 341 0.468
Salted &dehydrated fish 84 0.115
Turtle/Tortoise, crab & eel 1217 1.670
Shark fin and Fish Maws 276 0.379
Others 1308 1.795
All items72888.
3 100.000
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A Generalized Marketing Channel
Collection center/rural market within the fishing area. Operated by collectors
PRIMARY MARKET
First landing and distribution center near thana headquarters or vital communication points. Market operated by commission agents called aratdars
SECONDARY MARKET
Second landing & distribution center in cities/towns.Operated by commission agents called aratdars
HIGHER SECONDARY MARKET
Retail marketing. Paikars sell to retailers
FINAL CONSUMING MARKET
Sub-urban retailing
Urban retailing
Rural retailing
24
Domestic Marketing Channel (Public sector)
Consumers
Retailers
Aratdars
Beparies`
Brokers
BFDC
25
Market Channel and Share (culture fish)
Consumer
Paiker/ Retailer
Aratdar
Bepari
Fish Farmer
Nikari82.85%
HomeConsumption
7.15%10%
75.6%
75.6%
92.85%
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Marketing profit of frozen and dryfish (Taka/Kg)
Markets Major frozen species
Minor frozen species
Processing plants for frozen /dry species
Primary 9.43 6.56
Secondary 3.14 4.06
Consumer 13.53 8.49
All market 26.10 19.13 98.94 / 90.12
Ahmed (2009) showed that total marketing margin of tilapia is 31%: 5% (primary market), (15%) secondary market and (11%) retail market
27
Producer’s share to consumer price
Author Producer share(%) Species types
Rahman (2009) 40-45 Freshwater Fish
Khan (1995) 45.60 , 83.44 Freshwater Fish
Islam (1997) 59.63, 65.11 shrimp
Mia (1996) 56 Marine fish
Ahmed (1983) 51-63
60-63
Freshwater and marine speciesMarine species
Ahmed (2007) 55 Hilsha
Ahmed (2009) 69 Tilapia
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Data availability
Fisheries data are generated mainly by three organizations:
1. Department of Fisheries : This publication provides details of production statistics
by fisheries resources, species, districts, upazilas and export statistics of fish and fish products. Unfortunately, the publication does not provide any information of fish prices.
2. Department of Agricultural Marketing : DAM maintains retail prices, wholesale prices and
growers prices of different markets under upazillas and districts of different divisions.
3. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics : BBS produces annual price statistics of some selected
fish species in its annual publications, Yearbook of Statistics and Statistical Pocket Book of Bangladesh.
29
Market/marketing Review of Studies
• Marketing studies of crops are plenty• Fish marketing studies are very scanty• Most fish marketing studies are conducted in BAU• Most studies relate to kind of price spread and
marketing margin• Few market integration studies exist that are
methodologically very shallow (correlation approach)• Most studies are done with limited sample• No representative structure-conduct-performance type
study exists• Supply chain, value chain and price spread type studies
are confusing• No existence of studies related to price transmission
and price linkage across different market levels