1...- 5 - Avcbvi Dchy³ mvB‡Kj wbe©vPb Ges Zv i Yv‡e b Kiv 57 wbivcËv miÄvg Ges †cvlvKmg~n...
Transcript of 1...- 5 - Avcbvi Dchy³ mvB‡Kj wbe©vPb Ges Zv i Yv‡e b Kiv 57 wbivcËv miÄvg Ges †cvlvKmg~n...
- 1 -
- 2 -
moK
ms‡KZ
Includes new advice for the theory element of
the Driving Test
f~wgKv
wesk kZvãx‡Z weÁv‡bi AMÖhvÎvi mv‡_ mv‡_ we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡ki cÖMwZI e„w× cv‡PQ|
†h †Kvb cÖMwZkxj †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ DbœZ welq¸‡jvi g‡a¨ moK †hvMv‡hvM e¨e ’v
Ab¨Zg| moK †hvMv‡hvM e¨e ’vi mv‡_ hvwšÎK cwienb e¨e ’v m¤cK©hy³| Avi
hvwšÎK cwien‡bi mv‡_ m¤c©K MwZi| MwZkxj GB hvwšÎK cwienb e¨e ’v gvby‡li
Rxe‡b I †`‡ki AMÖMwZ‡Z D‡j−L‡hvM¨ f~wgKv ivL‡Q| Aci w`‡K hvwšÎK hvbevnb
wbqšÎY Ki‡Q gvbyl| ZvB Gi AwbqgZvwšÎK wbqšÎY wKQy gvby‡li Rxe‡b wb‡q
Avm‡Q `y‡f©vM| hšÎ`vb‡ei PvKvq c„ó n‡q cÖwZw`b c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k eû wb‡`©vl
gvbyl cÖvY nviv‡PQ Ges cs¸ n‡PQ| Gi Rb¨ mwVK fv‡e `vqx †K?
moK yN©Ubvi Rb¨ ïay hvbevnb PvjKivB `vqx bb| moK wbg©vZv I mo‡Ki Ici
AswKZ cÖ‡qvRbxq wPý ev moK ms‡KZ bv _vKvI mgvb fv‡e `vqx| eBwU‡Z moK
ms‡K‡Zi mv‡_ mv‡_ mo‡Ki Ic‡i AswKZ wP‡ýi e¨envi †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
c„w_exi DbœZ †`‡k moK `yN©Ubv †iv‡ai Rb¨ cª‡qvRb Abyhvqx moK ms‡KZ Ges
UªvwdK wbqg ˆZix Kiv n‡q‡Q hv K‡Vvi fv‡e mevB †g‡b P‡jb| G eBwU‡Z DbœZ
†`‡ki UªvwdK wbqg we‡kœlY K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq UªvwdK wbqg I
moK ms‡K‡Zi e¨envi mnR evsjv fvlvq Dc ’vcb Kivi †Pôv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Avkv Kwi, eBwU hviv wbqwgZ Mvwo Pvjvb (me ai‡bi Mvwo), Mvwo Pvjv‡bv wkL‡Qb Ges
moK c‡_ cv‡q †nu‡U P‡jb Zv‡`i mwVK fv‡e wbqg Abyhvqx Pj‡Z LyeB mnvqK n‡e|
cÖwZ eQi †h AMwYZ bevMZ PvjK Mvwo wb‡q mo‡K bvg‡Qb, hviv mvB‡Kj, †gvUi
mvB‡Kj I A‡Uv-wiKkv Pvjvb Ges mKj AwfÁ I Aí AwfÁ PvjKiv mK‡jB moK
ms‡KZ I UªvwdK wbqg †g‡b P‡j `yN©Ubv †iv‡a m‡Pó n‡jB Avgvi GB †Póv mv_©K
n‡e|
fvj PvjK moK e¨enviKvix mK‡jiB `vwqZ¡ wbR wbR wbivc` PjvPj mywbwðZ Kiv| cÖ‡Z¨KwU
hvbevn‡bi Pvj‡Ki DwPr Ab¨ Pvj‡Ki cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©b Kiv| m¤§vb cÖ`©kb GB A‡_©
- 3 -
ejv n‡q‡Q †h Avcbviv Ggb fv‡e Mvwo Pv‡bv‡bv DwPr bq hv‡Z Ab¨ Pvj‡Ki A‡nZzK
Mvwo _vgv‡Z nq, MwZ Kwg‡q Avb‡Z nq A_ev w`K cwieZ©b K‡i Pj‡Z nq|
Kx fv‡e fvj Mvwo PvjK nIqv hvq GKRb fvj Mvwo Pvj‡Ki A‡bK¸‡jv ¸Y _vKv `iKvi| hvi g‡a¨ ˆah © Ab¨Zg| Mvwo
Pvjv‡bv †kLvi cÖ_g †_‡K LyeB ¸iyZ¡cyY© welq ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q `vwqZ¡‡eva, †KŠkjx
nIqv, Mfxi fv‡e wb‡Ri †ckvq g‡bvwb‡ek Kiv Ges Ac‡ii wbivcËv wbwðZ K‡i
Pjv| G ¸Y¸‡jv Avcbvi g‡a¨ †i‡L hw` Mvwo Pvjv‡bv wk‡Lb Zvn‡j Avcbv‡K fvj
PvjK ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖvK…wZK fv‡e cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki ˆah ©, g‡bvfve I †Kvb wel‡qi Dci
g‡bvwb‡e‡ki kw³ GK bq| wKšZz g‡bvfve wbivc` Mvwo Pvjv‡bvi GKwU cÖavb Ask|
Mvwo Pvjv‡bv †kLvi cÖ_g w`b †_‡K cÖ‡Z¨K Pvj‡Ki DwPr Gi gvb DbœZ Kiv| g‡bvfve
wVK Kiv ev wVK ivLv A‡b‡Ki Rb¨ LyeB KwVb| AwfÁ Pvj‡Ki †hgb g‡bvfve wVK
ivLv cÖ‡qvRb, †Zgwb cÖ‡qvRb wk¶vbwek‡`i g‡bvfveI wVK ivLv| mvg‡b hvIqvi c~‡e©
GB ¸Y¸‡jv Avjv`v fv‡e †`Lv hvK|
`vwqZ¡‡eva GKRb PvjK wnmv‡e Avcbvi Aek¨B `vwqZ¡ †bqv DwPr cª_‡g wb‡Ri wbivcËvi Ici,
Zvici hvÎx I gvjvgv‡ji wbivcËvi Ici Ges moK e¨enviKvix Ab¨vb¨ mK‡ji
wbivcËvi Ici| Avcbvi c‡¶ GUv Kiv m¤¢e hw` Avcwb `vwq‡Z¡i Ici mwVKfv‡e
g‡bvhvMx nb Ges UªvwdK cwiw ’wZi Ici j¶¨ iv‡Lb| Avcwb Avcbvi wbivc` MwZi
Ici cwiKíbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib, hv wb‡Ri wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡e, Aci‡KI wbivc‡`
Pj‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| nVvr UªvwdK cwiw ’wZ †`‡L gZ cwieZ©b K‡i Zvovnyov Ki‡eb
bv| mgq _vK‡Z Av‡M †_‡KB j¶¨ Kiyb|
g‡bv‡hvM `vwqZ¡ †ev‡ai mv‡_ m¤cK© g‡bv‡hv‡Mi welq| ZvB †h †Kvb †ckvq `vwq‡Z¡i mv‡_
g‡bvwb‡ek Kiv DwPr| eZ©gvb hy‡Mi Uªvwd‡Ki mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q Pj‡Z me mgq
g‡bv‡hvM ivL‡Z n‡e| AvRKvj hvbevn‡bi msL¨v w`b w`b evo‡Q, †m mv‡_ evo‡Q
hvbhU| Avcwb hw` g‡bv‡hvM bv iv‡Lb, Avi Zv hw` gyn~‡Z©i Rb¨I nq, Zv n‡j fyj
nIqv ^vfvweK Ges MwZi c‡_ fyj gvivZ¡K yN©Ubv m„wó Ki‡e| Avcwb Mvwo Pvjv‡Z
wM‡q hw` wb‡R‡K `ye©j g‡b K‡ib ev Lvivc Abyfe K‡ib A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb wel‡q
wPšZv K‡ib Zvn‡j g‡bv‡hvM nvwi‡q †dj‡Z cv‡ib| G Ae ’vq Mvwo bv Pvjv‡bvB
fvj| fvj nq hw` Mvwo _vwg‡q wKQy¶Y wekªvg †bb| Avi hw` GKvšZ Pvjv‡ZB nq
Zvn‡j AwZwi³ mZKZ©v Aej¤^b Kiyb|
Dcjwã Kiv g‡bv‡hvM mvnvh¨ K‡i Dcjwã Ki‡Z| hvbevnb Pvjv‡bvi †ejvq Dcjwãi K_v G A‡_©
ejv n‡q‡Q †h Pjvi c‡_i mKj hvbevn‡bi MwZ, AwZµgKvix mKj hvbevn‡bi MwZ
(Ifvi‡UKKvix) I ms‡KZ j¶¨ K‡i ZvovZvwo cwiw¯’wZ Dcjwã Kiv Ges †m Abyhvqx
wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb wbivc` ivLv| AwfÁZv I Dcjwã kw³ mw¤§wjZ fv‡e Avcbv‡K mvnvh¨
Ki‡e m¤¢ve¨ `yN©Ubv †_‡K i¶v Ki‡Z|
‰ah© Avcwb hLb `xN© mgq hvbU‡U A‡c¶v Ki‡Qb A_ev Avcbvi wbK‡U Aci †Kvb PvjK
fyj Ki‡Q ZLb A‡b‡Ki c‡¶ ‰ah© nvwi‡q †djv ^vfvweK| wKšZy ‰ah© nvwi‡q Pj‡Z
_vK‡j `yN©Ubvq cov mnR| hvbevnb PjvPjKvix mvaviY mo‡K KLbI
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK Mvwo Pvjv‡eb bv| Aci Mvwo Pvj‡Ki AbwfÁZv ev Af ª Pvjv‡bv
†`‡L Avcbvi ˆah © nviv‡bv DwPr bq| Zv‡K ÕGKUv wk¶v †`eÕ G g‡bvfve KLbI fvj
bq| moK c‡_i AwaKvsk `yN©Ubvi KviY cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK Mvwo Pvjv‡bv Ges ˆah©¨
nvwi‡q Aci‡K wk¶v †`qvi Rb¨| g‡b ivL‡eb fvj ÕD`vniYÕ Gi Kv‡Q fvj Õwk¶vÕ
†`qvi wKQyB bvB|
AvZœwek¦vm AwfÁZvi mv‡_ mv‡_ AvZœwek¦vm e„w× cvq| cÖ‡Z¨K Pvj‡Ki Zvi Mvwo Pvjv‡bvi Ici
AvZœwek¦vm _vKv DwPZ| bZzb PvjKiv A‡bK mgq AvZœwek¦vm ivL‡Z cv‡ib bv
- 4 -
AwfÁZvi Afv‡e| fvj PvjK‡`i Avevi AwZwi³ AvZœwek¦vm wb‡q Pvjv‡bv DwPZ bq|
AmZK©Zv, AwZwi³ AvZœwek¦vm ev SzuwK wb‡q Pvjv‡bv yN©Ubvi KviY n‡Z cv‡i|
cwiKíbv Abyhvqx wk¶v MÖnY hw` `vwqZ¡‡eva, g‡bv‡hvM, Dcjwã, ˆah¨ Ges AvZœwek¦vm G ¸Y¸‡jv Avcbvi g‡a¨
†i‡L Mvwo Pvjv‡bv wkL‡Z ¸iy K‡ib Zvn‡j Avcwb GKRb fvj PvjK n‡Z cv‡ib|
wk¶v MÖn‡Yi cÖ_g w`b n‡Z G welq¸‡jvi Ici we‡kl fv‡e j¶¨ ivL‡eb| A‡b‡KB
Mvwo Pvjv‡bv wkL‡Z ïiy K‡ib wcZv-gvZv, fvB-‡evb, AvZœxq ev eÜz‡`i KvQ n‡Z| hv
Zv‡`i Lye Kg Li‡P †ekx mgq Pvjv‡bvi my‡hvM †`q| wKšZz †m mKj A-‡ckv`vi Mvwo
Pvjv‡bvi wk¶K wKQy mg‡qi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K mo‡Ki Ici wbqšÎY Ki‡Q hv‡`i
†ckvMZ Mvwo Pvjv‡bv wkLevi †Kvb AwfÁZv bvB| †h †Kvb fvj Mvwo PvjKB fvj
wk¶K bb| GB A-‡ckv`vi wk¶Kiv A‡bK †¶‡Î wk¶v_©x‡`i cwiw ’wZi f~j e¨vL¨v
w`‡Z cv‡ib hv Zv‡`i fyj c‡_ Pj‡Z wkLv‡e| ejv hvq, Zviv Avcbv‡K †`Šov‡Z
wkLv‡PQ nuvU‡Z †kLvi Av‡MB|
Mvwo Pvjv‡bv we`¨vj‡q Avjv`v cÖwk¶YcÖvß †ckv`vi wk¶K ivLv `iKvi Ges Zv‡`i
wbKU n‡Z wbqwgZ Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g †kLv DwPr| Aí Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g fvj Mvwo
PvjK nIqv hvq bv, Zv mgq ev A_© †h w`‡KB wn‡me Kiyb bv †Kb| cwiKwíZ Abykxjb
MªnYB Avcbv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡e Mvwo Pvjv‡bvi cix¶vq cvk Ki‡Z Ges GKRb fvj
PvjK n‡Z|
hvwšÎK Ávb GKRb fvj PvjK nIqvi Rb¨ Aek¨B Mvwoi mKj RwUj w`K Rvbvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB|
Z‡e Avcwb †h Mvwo Pvjv‡eb Zvi Ici mvaviY Ávb _vKv Avek¨K| hLb Rvb‡eb wK
fv‡e GKwU Mvwo P‡j ZLb Avcwb Mvwo Pvjv‡Z †ekx Drmvn cv‡eb| hvwšÎK Ávb Mvwo
wbqšÎY Ki‡ZI mvnvh¨ K‡i| A‡bK Pvj‡Ki hvwšÎK Ávb bv _vKvq `ªyZ Mvwoi Rxeb
n«vm cvq| ^vfvweK hvwšÎK welq Rvbv _vK‡j A‡bK †givg‡Zi KvRI wb‡Ri nv‡Z
Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Mvwo Pvjv‡bv †kLvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zvi mvaviY hvwšÎK w`K Rvbvi †Póv
Ki‡eb| wewfbœ Mvwoi hvwšÎK w`KI wfbœ wfbœ| Gi Rb¨ Avjv`v eB †`Lyb|
my wP c Î
f~wgKv............................................................... 1 c_Pvix ............................................................. 9 mvaviY.............................................................. 9 moK cvi nIqv ................................................... 10 Riyix hvbevnb .................................................... 16 ev‡m IVv A_ev bvgv ............................................. 16 ‡ijI‡q Ges UªvgI‡q mg~n..................................... 16 Mvwo, ‡gvUimvB‡Kj Ges mvB‡Kj PvjKMY .......................................... 17 mvaviY.............................................................. 17 Avcbvi Mvwo Pvjv‡bv ............................................ 21 mo‡Ki ˆ`N©¨ eivei jvBb Ges †jbmg~n...................................................... 30 Ifvi‡UwKs......................................................... 33 moK Rskbmg~n .................................................. 35 ‡MvjP°img~n ..................................................... 40 ‡cQ‡bi w`‡K Pvjv‡bv ........................................... 42 hvbevn‡bi evwZmg~n ............................................. 42 A‡c¶v Kiv Ges cvK© Kiv ..................................... 44 moK wbg©Y KvR .................................................. 47 weKj nIqv Ges ~N©Ubvmg~n................................... 47 ‡gvUiI‡qmg~n .................................................... 49 mvaviY.............................................................. 49 ‡gvUiI‡q‡Z wgwjZ nIqv ..................................... 50 gUiI‡qi Dc‡i .................................................. 50 ‡gvUiI‡q Z¨vM Kiv ............................................. 56 mvB‡Kj PvjK‡`i Rb¨ AwZwi³ wbqgmg~n ................. 57
- 5 -
Avcbvi Dchy³ mvB‡Kj wbe©vPb Ges Zv i¶Yv‡e¶b Kiv ........................................57 wbivcËv miÄvg Ges †cvlvKmg~n .............................58 mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡bv...................................................58 cÖvYxmg~n ............................................................61 mvaviY ..............................................................61 Ak¦v‡ivnxMY........................................................62 ‡ijI‡q †j‡fj cvivcvi ........................................63 mvaviY ..............................................................63 UªvgI‡qmg~n........................................................66 mvaviY ..............................................................66 c_PvixMY ..........................................................67 MwZi gvÎvmg~n ....................................................68 Av‡jvi ms‡KZ Øviv wbqwšÎZ UªvwdK ........................69 UªvwdK Av‡jvi ms‡KZmg~n .....................................69 jvj evwZ SjKv‡bv ...............................................69 ‡gvUiI‡qi ms‡KZmg~n .........................................69 ‡jb wbqšÎbKvix ms‡KZ mg~n ................................69 Aby‡gvw`Z e¨w³i ms‡KZ †`qv ................................70 _vgyb.................................................................70 hvbevnb PjvP‡ji Bw½Z ........................................70 Ab¨vb¨ moK e¨enviKvix‡`i cÖwZ ms‡KZ ..................71 w`K wb‡`©kKvix ms‡KZmg~n ....................................71 _vgv‡bvi Rb¨ Av‡jvi ms‡KZmg~n ............................71 nv‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ †`qv ms‡KZmg~n ..............................72 hvbevnb wbqšÎYKvix e¨w³‡`i cÖwZ nv‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ †`qv ms‡KZ mg~n .............................72
UªvwdK wPýmg~n ................................................... 73 wb‡`©k `vbKvix wPýmg~n ........................................ 73 mZK© Kivi wPýmg~n ............................................. 74 w`K wb‡`©kKvix wPýmg~n........................................ 76 Z_¨ cÖ`vbKvix wPýmg~n......................................... 77 moK ‡givgZ Kivi wPýmg~n .................................. 78 mo‡Ki Ici wPýmg~n........................................... 78 AvovAvwo PjvPjKvix mo‡Ki Ici .......................... 78 ‰`N© eivei PjvPjKvix mo‡Ki wKbvivq ................... 79 Kve© Gi Ici A_ev PjvPjKvix mo‡Ki wKbvivq ......... 79 PjvPjKvix mo‡Ki ˆ`N© eivei................................ 80 Ab¨vb¨ moK wbkvbvmg~n........................................ 80 hvbevnb wPýZ Kiv .............................................. 81 fvix gvjevnx Mvwoi †cQ‡bi wPý ............................. 81 wec` mZK©Zv m~PK djKmg~n................................. 81 Av‡jv weKxY© Kivi wPý mg~n................................... 81 moK e¨enviKvix Ges mswk−ó AvBb.......................... 82 moK UªvwdK AvBb ............................................... 82 cÖ ZvweZ AvBbmg~n ............................................. 84 cÖ¯ZvweZ Rwigvbvmg~n.......................................... 92 Rwigvbvmg~n....................................................... 92 hvbevn‡bi wbivcËv .............................................. 95 mo‡Ki Ici cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv................................. 95 _vgv‡bvi ¯^íZg `~iZ¡mg~n...................................... wcQ‡bi Kfv‡i UxKv : wb‡P eY©bv Kiv wbqg¸‡jvi Aek¨B Ges Aek¨B bv kãmg~n AvBb Øviv Avek¨Kxq eySvq|
- 6 -
c_Pvix
mvaviY
1) ‡hLv‡b Rbc_ A_ev dzUcv_ Av‡Q †mLv‡b Zv e¨envi Kiyb| †hLv‡b m¤¢e Avcbvi
†cQ‡bi w`‡K UªvwdK †i‡L cv_‡ii wKYvivq nuvUv Gwo‡q Pjyb| hw` Avcbv‡K mo‡K cv
w`‡Z nq Zv n‡j hvbevnb j¶¨ Kiyb|
2) ‡hLv‡b Rbc_ A_ev dzUcvZ †bB †mLv‡b mo‡Ki Wvb w`‡K w`‡q Pjyb hv‡Z
Avcwb AvMgbKvix hvbevnbmg~n †`L‡Z cv‡ib| mo‡Ki wbKU cv‡k _vKzb| Wvb w`‡K
Zxh©©K †gvo †bqvi mgq mZK© _vKzb; GKwU hvbevnb †cŠuQvi A‡bK Av‡M moK cvi
nIqv wbivc` hv‡Z AvMgbKvix hvbevnb Avcbv‡K †`L‡Z my‡hvM cvq| †gv‡oi c‡i
hvbevn‡bi w`‡K gyL K‡i cvi †nvb| m¤¢e n‡j GKB mvwi‡Z nuvUzb, we‡kl K‡i miy
mo‡K A_ev Kg Av‡jv‡Z|
3) hv‡Z Avcbv‡K mn‡R †`Lv hvq Ggb wKQy e¯‘ ciyb A_ev enb Kiyb| Aí
„wó‡MvPi mg‡q nvjKv is‡qi, D¾j A_ev †d¬v‡iv‡m›U e¯Zz mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
iv‡Zi †ejv Av‡jvi cÖwZdjK wKQy e¨envi Kiyb (†hgb nv‡Zi Ges †Kvgi eÜbx) hv
AcÖwZdjK e¯‘i ‡P‡q wZb¸Y †ekx `~i `„wó‡MvPi nq|
4) wkï‡`i KLbI Rbc‡_ A_ev dzUcv‡Zi Ici GKvKx †h‡Z ‡`‡eb bv ( 7 wbqg
†`Lyb ) hLb wkï‡`i wb‡q †ei n‡eb, ZLb hvbevnb n‡Z Zv‡`i gvSLv‡b †i‡L nuvUzb
Ges Zv‡`i nvZ k³ K‡i a‡i ivLyb| Lye †QvÆ wkï‡`i †Vjv †Pqv‡i wb‡q †ei n‡j
†ue‡a wbb A_ev wbivcËv †eë (reins)e¨envi Kiyb|
5) hw` GK`j †jvK msMwVZ fv‡e mo‡K nuvU‡Z _v‡K Zv n‡j mo‡Ki evg w`‡K
_vKv DwPZ| `‡j mvg‡b Ges †cQ‡b †`Lvi Rb¨ †jvK _vK‡e hviv w`‡b †d¬v‡iv‡m›U
Kvco Ges iv‡Zi †ejvq Av‡jvi cÖwZdjK Kvco cwiavb Ki‡eb| `‡j mvg‡b iv‡Zi
†ejv †`Lvi Rb¨ mv`v evwZ Ges †cQ‡bi w`‡K jvj D¾¡j evwZ enb Ki‡eb hv †cQb
†_‡K †`Lv hvq| eo `‡ji evB‡i †jvKRb I evwZ enb Ki‡eb Ges cÖwZdjK †cvlvK
co‡eb|
6) ‡gvUiI‡q A_ev †gvUiI‡qi cvk¦© mo‡K Riyix Ae¯’v Qvov Avcwb Aek¨B nuvU‡eb
bv (183 wbqg †`Lyb )
moK cvi nIqv
meyR cvivcvi ms‡KZ
7) meyR cvivcvi ms‡KZ iv¯Zv cvi nIqvi wb‡`©k †`q| GUv mKj c_Pvwii Rb¨|
wkï‡`i GB wbqg wkL‡Z n‡e Ges hZ¶Y ch©šZ Zviv bv eyS‡Z ev e¨envi Ki‡Z
cv‡i ZZ¶Y ch©šZ Zv‡`i GKvKx †ei n‡Z †`qv DwPZ bq| GUv eyS‡Z cvivi
welqwU cÖ‡Z¨K wkïi Rb¨ wewfbœ n‡Z cv‡i `k eQ‡ii wb‡P wkïiv Mvwo KZ `yªZ hvq
A_ev Mvwo Zv‡`i nv‡Z KZ ~‡i Av‡Q Zv wePvi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wkïiv D`vni‡Yi
gva¨‡g wk‡L, myZivs wcZvgvZviv wkï‡`i wb‡q †ei n‡j ms‡KZmg~n e¨envi Kiv
AbÜKv‡i „wó‡MvPi nDb-
Av‡jvi cÖwZdjK wKQy cwiavb Kiƒb|
- 7 -
DwPZ| wkïiv wb‡RivB †Kvb eq‡m GB ms‡KZ wbivc‡` e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡e Zv wVK
Kivi `vwqZ¡ wcZvgvZvi|
K) cÖ_‡g cvi nIqvi wbivc` RvqMv ‡ei Kiyb, Zvici _vgyb
mveI‡q, cv‡q nuvUvi †mZz, moK Øxc, †Reªv µwms, †cwj‡Kb Ges cvwdb
cvivcv‡i, UªvwdK Av‡jv‡Z †hLv‡b cywjk Awdmvi, we`¨vjq cvivcvi cÖnix A_ev
UªvwdK Iqvi‡Wb Av‡Q †mLv‡b moK cvi nIqv wbivc`| Ab¨_vq Ggb RvqMv
†e‡Q wbb †hLvb n‡Z Avcwb me w`K cwi¯‹vi †`L‡Z cv‡eb| cvK© Kiv `yB Mvwoi
gvSLvb n‡Z Avcwb me w`K cwi¯‹vi †`L‡Z cv‡eb| cvK© Kiv `yB Mvwoi gvSLvb
n‡Z cvi nIqv Gwo‡q †h‡Z †Póv Kiyb (wbqg 23 †`Lyb) Ggb RvqMvq Avmyb
†hLv‡b hvbevnb PvjKiv Avcbv‡K cwi¯‹vi †`L‡Z cvq|
L) cv_‡ii &Ici †cf‡g‡›Ui wKbvivq `vuovb Avcwb c‡_i wVK Av‡M _vgyb-‡hLvb †_‡K Avcwb †`L‡Z cvb wKQy Avm‡Q wK bv,
wKš‘ hvbevn‡bi Lye Kv‡Q bq| hw` †mLv‡b †Kvb †cf‡g›U bv _v‡K, mo‡Ki
wKbvivq `vuovb Ges wbwðZ nb †h Avcwb AvMZ hvbevnb †`L‡Z cv‡ib|
M) Pvwiw`‡K hvbevn‡bi Rb¨ j¶¨ Kiyb Ges ïbyb ‡h †Kvb w`K †_‡K hvbevnb Avm‡Z cv‡i, myZivs me mo‡Ki cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiyb|
kã ïbyb KviY A‡bK mgq Avcwb †`Lvi Av‡MB ïb‡Z cv‡ib|
N) hw` hvbevnb Avm‡Z _v‡K Zvn‡j †h‡Z w`b| Avevi
Pviw`‡K †`Lyb hw` KvQvKvwQ †Kvb hvbevnb _v‡K Zvn‡j P‡j †h‡Z w`b| Zvici Pviw`‡K Avevi
†`Lyb| wbwðZ nIqvi Rb¨ kã ïbyb, Ab¨ †Kvb hvbevnb Avm‡Q wK bv|
O) hLb wbK‡U †Kvb hvbevnb †bB †mvRv AvovAvwo †nu‡U moK cvi †nvb
wbK‡U hLb †Kvb hvbevnb †bB ZLb cvi nIqv wbivc`| g‡b ivL‡eb, hvbevnb
eû `~i _vK‡jI Zv Lye ZvovZvwo AMÖmi n‡Z cv‡i| hLb wbivc` g‡b n‡e ZLb
†mvRv mo‡Ki AvovAvwo nuvUzb, †`Šov‡eb bv|
P) hLb Avcwb cvi n‡eb, hvbevn‡bi cÖwZ j¶¨ ivLyb Ges kã
ïbyb hLb moK cvi n‡Z ïiy K‡i‡Qb, †`L‡Z Ges kã ïb‡Z _vKzb| KviY; hw` †Kvb
hvbevnb Avm‡Z _v‡K hv Avcwb †`‡Lbwb A_ev Ab¨ hvbevnb nVvr G‡m c‡o|
mo‡Ki gvSLv‡b †hLv‡b Øxc Av‡Q †mLv‡b moK cvivcvi
8) Øxc ch©šZ cvi nIqvi Rb¨ meyR cvivcvi ms‡KZ e¨envi Kiyb| †mLv‡b
_vgyb Ges mo‡Ki wØZxq Ask cvi nIqvi Rb¨ Avevi ms‡KZ e¨envi Kiyb|
Rsk‡b moK cvivcvi
9) hLb †Kvb Rsk‡b moK cvi n‡eb, hvbevn‡bi cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiyb-we‡kl
K‡i Avcbvi †cQb n‡Z AvMZ hvbevn‡bi cÖwZ|
‡Reªv cvivcv‡i moK cvi nIqv 10) wbK‡U †Kvb †Reªv cvivcvi _vK‡j Zv e¨envi Kiyb| AvuKveuvKv jvB‡bi
cvkw`‡q moK cvi n‡eb bv- GUv LyeB wec` RbK|
11) Avcwb cvi nIqvi Av‡M hvbevnb‡K cÖPzi mgq w`b Avcbv‡K †`Lvi Rb¨|
e„wó‡Z †fRv A_ev eid wcwPQj mo‡K hvbevnb _vgv‡Z A‡bK mgq `iKvi| hw`
cÖ‡qvRb nq †Reªv cvivcv‡i GK cv w`b; Avcwb †Reªv cvivcv‡i cv ivL‡j
hvbevnb‡K _vgv‡Z n‡e bv| hZ¶b ch©šZ hvbevnb bv _v‡g ZZ¶Y cvi n‡eb
bv| hZ¶b hvbevnb bv _v‡g ZZ¶b ch©šZ ûBj †Pqvi A_ev cÖvg †Vj‡Z ïiy
Ki‡eb bv|
12) hLb hvbevnb _vg‡e ZLb †mvRv AvovAvwo nuvUzb wKšZz Dfq w`‡K
†`L‡Z _vKzb, KviY hw` †Kvb PvjK A_ev †Kvb Av‡ivnx Avcbv‡K †`L‡Z bv cvq
Ges _vgv‡bv hvbevnb Ifvi‡UK Ki‡Z D‡`¨vMx nq|
- 8 -
13) cvivcv‡ii gvSLv‡b hw` moK Øxc _v‡K Zvn‡j †mLv‡b A‡c¶v Kiyb Ges
mo‡Ki 2q Ask cvi nIqvi Rb¨ 11 I 12 wbqg †g‡b Pjyb| GUv GKwU Avjv`v
cvivcvi|
‡cwj‡Kb µwms-G moK cvivcvi 14) hw` wbK‡U †Kvb †cwj‡Kb µwms _v‡K Zvn‡j †mwU e¨envi Kiyb| †h
GjvKv AvuKveuvKv jvBb w`‡q AvuKv, KLbI †mw`K w`‡q cvi n‡eb bv- GUv LyeB
wec¾bK| GB ai‡bi µwms G UªvwdK evwZmg~n e‡j w`‡e KLb hvbevnb _vgv‡Z
n‡e Ges KLb cPvix‡`i cvi n‡Z n‡e| hLb jvj gvbyl ms‡KZ †`Lv‡eb ZLb
cvi n‡eb bv| e‡·i Ici myBP wUc w`b Ges A‡c¶v Kiyb| hLb evwZ cwieZ©b
nq GKwU w ’i meyR gvbyl †`Lv hv‡e ZLb cix¶v Kiyb †h hvbevnb †_‡g‡Q wK bv
Ges mZK©Zvi mv‡_ cvi †nvb| (wKQy msL¨K †cwj‡Kb µwms‡q kã ms‡KZ A_ev
KÉ ^i e‡j †`‡e AÜ gvbyl‡K A_ev AswkK A܇`i KLb w ’i meyR gvbyl
†`Lv‡e) | wKQy mgq c‡i meyR gvbyl ms‡KZ SjKv‡Z _vK‡e| Gi A_© ms‡KZ
ZvovZvwo cwieZ©b n‡e| G Ae ’vq cvi n‡Z †bB| wKš‘ hw` cvi nIqv ïiy K‡i
_v‡Kb Zv n‡j Avcbvi mgq _vK‡e cvi nIqv †kl Kivi Rb¨|
15) GKwU ó¨vMvW© ÕstaggeredÕ cvivcvi (Qwe †`Lyb)
ywU Avjv`v cvivcvi wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e| gvSLv‡bi
Øx‡c †cŠu‡Q w¯’i meyR gvbyl ms‡KZ cvIqvi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K
Aek¨B myBP wUc‡Z n‡e|
cvwdb µwms- G moK cvivcvi
16) cvwdb (puffin) µwms †cwj‡Kb µwms Gi gZB| ïay cv_©K¨ GB †h
c_Pvix‡`i ms‡KZmg~n mo‡K Avcbvi w`‡KB _vK‡e| myBP wUcvi c‡i meyR
ms‡KZwU bv †`Lv‡bv ch©šZ Avcbv‡K †mLv‡b A‡c¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| hvbevnb
PvjK‡`i Rb¨ hšÎwU jvj evwZi ’vwqZ¡ wVK Ki‡e c_Pvixiv hv‡Z cvi nevi Rb¨
h‡_ó mgq cvb|
UªvwdK ms‡K‡Z moK cvivcvi
17) ‡cwj‡Kb µwms Gi gZB c_Pvix‡`i Rb¨ wKQy UªvwdK evwZi ms‡KZ
Av‡Q| meyR gvbyl ms‡KZwU hw`I d¬vk K‡i bv wKšZz eÜ n‡q †M‡jI cvi nIqvi
ch©vß mgq _vK‡e| hw` †mLv‡b c_Pvix‡`i Rb¨ †Kvb ms‡KZ bv _v‡K Zv n‡j
mZK©Zvi mv‡_ j¶¨ Kiyb Ges hZ¶‡Y jvj evwZ bv R¡‡j Ges hvbevnb bv _v‡g
ZZ¶Y cvi n‡eb bv| Zvic‡iI †h me hvbevnb †gvo Nyi‡Q †m ¸‡jvi w`‡K j¶¨
Kiyb| g‡b ivL‡eb, hLb wKQy †j‡b PjvPj eÜ ZLb Ab¨ wKQy wKQy hvbevnb
AMÖmi n‡Z cv‡i|
ó¨vMvW© cvivcvi¸‡jv‡K
`yÕwU Avjv`v cvivcvi wn‡m‡e
we‡ePbv Kiyb
- 9 -
cywjk, UªvwdK cÖnix A_ev we`¨vjq cvivcvii¶x Øviv wbqšÎY cvivcvi
18) ‡hLv‡b cywjk, UªvwdK cÖnix A_ev we`¨vjq cvivcvii¶x hvbevnb wbqšÎY
Ki‡eb ‡mLv‡b Awdmvi ms‡KZ bv †`qv ch©š‘ cvi n‡eb bv| me mgq Zv‡`i
m¤§yL w`‡q cvi †nvb|
MvW© †iBjmg~n
19) MvW© †iBjmg~n Avcbvi wbivcËvi Rb¨ †`qv| c_Pvix‡`i Rb¨ †`qv ïay Lvwj
RvqMv w`‡q moK cvi †nvb| KLbI MvW© †iBj Gi Ici Av‡ivnb Ki‡eb bv A_ev
moK I MvW© †iBj Gi gvSLv‡b nuvU‡eb bv|
UvKUvBj †cwfs 20) AÜ A_ev AvswkK AÜ gvbyliv hLb moK cvi nIqvi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡eb
ZLb †Kv_vq uvov‡Z n‡e Zv eySv‡bvi Rb¨ wKQy c_Pvix cvivcvi GjvKv UvKUvBj
†cwfs (tactile paving) Kiv nq|
IqvbI‡q moK cvivcvi 21) meyR ms‡KZ e¨envi Kiyb| †`‡L wbb †Kvb w`‡K hvbevnb hv‡PQ| wbivc` bv
n‡j Ges GKev‡i cvi n‡Z bv cvi‡j cvi nIqvi †Póv Ki‡eb bv| wKQy IqvbI‡q
mo‡K evm †jb Ab¨vb¨ hvbevn‡bi wecixZ w`‡K Pj‡Z cv‡i|
evm Ges mvB‡Kj †jb µwms 22) cvivcv‡i meyR ms‡KZ e¨envi Kiyb| evm †j‡bi hvbevnb Ab¨vb¨ †j‡bi
hvbevn‡bi †P‡q nq‡Zv `yªZ Pj‡Z cv‡i| mvB‡Kj Ges wiKkv PvjK‡`i cÖwZ j¶¨
ivLyb hviv nq‡Zv evm A_ev mvB‡Kj A_ev wi·v †j‡b Pvjv‡PQ|
cvK© Kiv hvbevnb 23) hw` cvK© Kiv hvbevn‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q cvi n‡Z nq Zv n‡j Mvwoi mo‡Ki w`‡Ki
cvk¦© Kve© Gi wKbviv wn‡m‡e g‡b Kiyb| †mLv‡b _vgyb, †hLv‡b Avcwb Pviw`K fvj fv‡e
†`L‡Z cvb Ges hvbevnb PvjKivI Avcbv‡K †`L‡Z cv‡ib| Gici meyR ms‡KZ
AbymiY Ki‡Z _vKzb| †h Mvwoi BwÄb Pvj~ Av‡Q, Ggb me Mvwoi mvg‡b Aev wcQ‡b
`uvov‡eb bv|
iv‡Z moK cvivcvi 24) meyR ms‡KZ e¨envi Kiyb| hw` c_Pvix‡`i Rb¨ myweavRbK cvivcvi A_ev
moK Øxc bv cvb Zv n‡j mo‡K Av‡jvi KvQ w`‡q cvi †nvb †hLv‡b Avcbv‡K mn‡RB
†`Lv hv‡e| iv‡Z Ab¨†`i c‡¶ Avcbv‡K †`Lv AwaK KóKi| myZivs cÖwZdjK wKQy
cwiavb Kiyb|
Riyix hvbevnb 25) hw` Avcwb G¨v¤^y‡jÝ, `gKj evwnbxi Mvwo, cywjk A_ev Ab¨vb¨ Riyix
hvbevn‡bi meyR Av‡jv SjKv‡Z †`L‡Z cvb A_ev Zv‡`i mvB‡i‡bi kã ms‡KZ
ïb‡Z cvb Zv n‡j mo‡Ki evB‡i _vKzb|
ev‡m DVv A_ev bvgv 26) evm hZ¶b ch©š‘ bv _v‡g ZZ¶b ch©š‘ ev‡m DVv bvgv Ki‡eb bv| KLbI
ev‡mi wVK mvg‡b A_ev wcQb n‡Z moK cvi n‡eb bv| evm ’vb Z¨vM bv Kiv ch©š‘
Ges Avcwb Dfq w`K fvj fv‡e †`L‡Z bv cvIqv ch©š‘ A‡c¶v Kiyb|
‡ijI‡q Ges UªvgI‡qmg~n 27) ‡ijI‡q †j‡fj cvivcv‡ii mgq Ges UªvgI‡qmg~‡ni wbKU we‡kl mZK© †nvb
(225-234 Ges 241-242 wbqg †`Lyb)|
- 10 -
Mvwo, †gvUi mvB‡Kj Ges mvB‡Kj PvjKMY
mvaviY
Mvwoi Ae¯’v 28) Avcwb Aek¨B wbwðZ †nvb †h Avcbvi Mvwo mo‡K Pvjv‡bvi Dc‡hvMx | Mvwoi
Av‡jv, †eªK, wóqvwis, PvKv (AwZwi³ PvKvmn), G·vó wm‡óg, Avm‡bi †eë, Kzqvkv
cwi¯‹viK, DBÛw¯Œb IqvBcvi Ges †avqvi h‡šÎi cÖwZ we‡kl j¶¨ ivLyb| DBÛw¯Œb
M−vm, Rvbvjv, evwZ, BbwW‡KUi, cÖwZdjK Avqbv Ges b¤^vi †c −U cwi¯‹vi I gy³ ivLyb|
Pvjv‡Z ïiy Kivi Av‡M wbwðZ †nvb †h Avcbvi Avmb, Avm‡bi †eë, gv_vi Dc‡i
AvUwK‡q ivLv Avqbv Ges Ab¨vb¨ Avqbvmgyn mwVK fv‡e mvwR‡q wb‡q‡Qb|
‡evSvmg~n 29) enbKvix A_ev †U‡b †bevi †h †Kvb †evSv Aek¨B wbivc‡` ivLyb Ges
Aek¨B †hb wec`RbK fv‡e evB‡i bv _v‡K| Avcbvi Mvwo A_ev †U‡b †bevi cwien‡b
Avcwb Aek¨B AwZwi³ gvj †evSvB Ki‡eb bv|
‡gvUimvB‡Kjmgyn 30) ‡gvUimvB‡Kj, ¯‹zUvi A_ev g‡cW PvjK Ges Zvi mv‡_ Av‡ivnx‡K Aek¨B
Aby‡gvw`Z wbivcËv †nj‡gU fvjfv‡e AvUwK‡q ci‡Z n‡e| hw` Avcwb c‡o hvb Zv
n‡j Avcbv‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ †Pv‡Li cÖ‡UKUi, k³ eyU, M−fm Ges we‡kl Kvco
cwiavb Kivi civgk© †`qv n‡q‡Q| wcwjqb (Pillion) hvÎxMY Aek¨B †gwk‡bi yB
cv‡k cv Szwj‡q wba©vwiZ Avm‡b em‡eb Ges cv ivLvi ’v‡b cv ivL‡eb| Avcbv‡K
„k¨gvb Kivi Rb¨ nvjKv i‡Oi A_ev D¾j wKQy cwiavb Kiyb| w`‡bi Av‡jvq
†d¬v‡iv‡m›U e¯‘ mvnvh¨ K‡i †hgb, eo hvbevn‡bi †nWjvBU K‡i _v‡K| cÖwZdjK e ‘
AÜKv‡i mvnvh¨ K‡i|
K¬vwšZ A_ev Amy¯’Zv 31) hvbevnb Pvjv‡eb bv hw` Avcwb K¬vwšZ A_ev Amy¯’Zv Abyfe K‡ib|
32) Mvwo Pvjv‡Z _vK‡j Nyg-Nyg g‡b n‡Z cv‡i| GUv Govevi Rb¨ Avcbvi Mvwoi
wfZ‡i ch©vß cwi¯‹vi evZvm Av‡Q Zv wbwðZ Kiyb| hw` K¬vwšZ Abyfe K‡ib Zv n‡j
Mvwo Pvjv‡eb bv, _vgv‡bvi Rb¨ wbivc` RvqMv †`Lyb Ges wekªvg wbb|
33) WªvM A_ev Jla Øviv cÖfvweZ g‡b Ki‡j †m Ae¯’vq Avcwb KLbI Mvwo
Pvjv‡eb bv| me mgq Avcbvi Wv³vi‡K wRÁvmv Kiyb, e¨e ’v-cÎ Abyhvqx Jla †meb
Mvwo Pvjvevi Rb¨ wbivc` wK bv | dvg©vwmë‡K wRÁvmv Kiyb hLb Ab¨vb¨ Jla †meb
Ki‡eb|
`„wókw³ 34) Avcbv‡K Aek¨B 20.5 wgUvi (67 dzU) ~i n‡Z GKwU Mvwoi bv¤^vi †c−U
co‡Z m¶g n‡Z n‡e hv 5wU Mvwoi `~i‡Z¡i mgvb| hw` Gi Rb¨ Avcbvi Pkgvi
(A_ev KbUv±‡jÝ) cÖ‡qvRb nq Zv n‡j Mvwo Pvjv‡bvi mgq Aek¨B c‡o wb‡eb|
35) iv‡Zi †ejv A_ev Lvivc `„wó‡MvPi Ae¯’vq cÖ‡jc †`qv „wómsµvš‘ †Kvb e ‘,
†jÝmg~n A_ev wfRi (visors) e¨envi Ki‡eb bv| Rvbvjvi KvP Ges DBÛw¯Œ‡b
cÖ‡jc †`qv †Kvb e¯‘ e¨envi Ki‡eb bv|
wk¶v_©xMY 36) wk¶vbexk PvjK‡K †`Lv‡kvbvi Rb¨ Aek¨B 21 eQi eq‡mi GKRb‡K
Mvwo‡Z _vK‡Z n‡e hvi H ai‡bi Mvwoi Rb¨ c~Y© jvB‡mÝ Av‡Q (A‡Uv‡gwUK Aev
†gbyqvj) Kgc‡¶ wZb eQ‡ii Rb¨ Ges GLbI jvB‡mÝ wVK Av‡Q|
37) hw` Avcwb †gvUi mvB‡Kj, ¯‹zUvi A_ev g‡cW Pvjv‡bv wkL‡Z _v‡Kb Zv n‡j
Avcwb Aek¨B †Kvb Aby‡gvw`Z cÖwk¶Y `vbKvix cÖwZôv‡bi wbKU n‡Z mo‡K Pvjv‡bvi
c~‡e© †gŠwjK cÖwk¶Y MÖnY Ki‡eb, hw` `vqgy³ bv nb| Avcwb Aek¨B †Kvb wcwjqb
hvÎx enb Ki‡eb bv, 125 wmwm-I D‡a© ¶gZv m¤cbœ BwÄb wewkó ‡UªBjvi Uvb‡eb bv
A_ev axi MwZi †gvUi mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡eb bv|
- 11 -
38) wk¶vbexk Gi Aaxb mKj hvbevn‡b Aek¨B L-‡c−U jvMv‡Z n‡e hv Ab¨vb¨
mKj mg‡q mwi‡q A_ev †X‡K ivL‡Z n‡e (WªvBwfs we`¨vj‡qi hvbevnb Qvov)|
gv`K `ªe¨ Ges hvbevnb PvjKMY 39) g`¨cvb K‡i hvbevnb Pvjv‡eb bv| g`¨cvb Avcbvi Pvjv‡bvi Ici gvivZœK
cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡i| hv Avcbvi mgš^qmvab Kivi ¶gZv n«vm K‡i, cÖwZwµqv MÖnb axi
K‡i, MwZ, `~iZ¡ Ges SuywK wePvi Kivi ¶gZv `~e©j K‡i, Ges Avcbv‡K wg_¨v
AvZœwek¦v‡mi Ávb †`q| Aby‡gvw`Z mxgvi g‡a¨ cvb Ki‡jI Avcbvi Mvwo Pvjv‡bv
e¨vcK fv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡Z cv‡i (68 c„ôv †`Lyb)|
g‡b ivL‡eb t jv Gi mgq g`¨cvb Ki‡j Ggb wK we‡K‡jI Avcwb Mvwo Pvjv‡Z
Abychy³ n‡Z cv‡ib A_ev iv‡Z g`¨cv‡bi Kvi‡b ciw`b mKv‡j Avcwb †hvM¨ bvI
n‡Z cv‡ib|
Avm‡bi †eëmg~n 40) Avm‡bi †eë ci‡j Rxeb i¶v †c‡Z cv‡i Ges yN©Ubvq gvivZ¡K AvnZ nIqvi
SzuwK Kgvq| `vqgy³ bv n‡j Avm‡b †eë _vK‡j Avcbv‡K Aek¨B Zv jvMv‡Z n‡e|
bx‡Pi Q‡K Avm‡bi †eë civi AvBbMZ cÖ‡qvRbxqZv we‡k−lY Kiv n‡q‡Q| mvg‡bi Avmb wcQ‡bi Avmb hvi `vwqZ¡ PvjK hw` jvMv‡bv _v‡K Aek¨B ci‡Z
n‡e| PvjK
3 eQ‡ii Kg eqmx wkï Aby‡gvw`Z wkï †U‡b AvUwK‡q ivLv †eë Aek¨B jvMv‡Z n‡e|
h_vh_ wkï †U‡b AvUwK‡q ivLv †eë Aek¨B jvMv‡Z n‡e hw` _v‡K|
PvjK
3 n‡Z 11 eQi eqmx Ges 1.5 wgUvi Gi wb‡P DPPZv wewkó wkï (cÖvq 5 dzU)
h_vh_ wkï †U‡b AvUwK‡q ivLv †eë Aek¨B jvMv‡Z n‡e hw` _v‡K| hw` bv _v‡K Z‡e eo‡`i Avmb †eë Aek¨B jvMv‡Z n‡e
h_vh_ wkï †U‡b AvUwK‡q ivLv †eë Aek¨B jvMv‡Z n‡e hw` _v‡K|
PvjK
12 n‡Z 13 A_ev Gi Kg eqmx wkï Ges 1.5 wgUvi DPPZv m¤cb© wkï
hw` _v‡K Z‡e eo‡`i Avmb †eë Aek¨B jvMv‡Z n‡e
hw` _v‡K Z‡e eo‡`i Avmb †eë Aek¨B jvMv‡Z n‡e
PvjK
cÖvßeq¯‹ hvÎx hw` †eë _v‡K Aek¨B jvMv‡Z n‡e hw` †eë _v‡K Aek¨B jvMv‡Z n‡e
PvjK
41) h_vh_ wkï †U‡b AvUwK‡q ivLv (child restraint) n‡jv wkï enbKvix, wkï
Avmb, nvi‡bm A_ev eymUvi Avmb hv wkïi IR‡bi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©|
Mvwo‡Z wkïiv 42) G‡÷U A_ev n¨vPe¨vK Mvwoi Avm‡bi wcQ‡b wkï‡`i em‡Z †`‡eb bv| wbwðZ
†nvb †h wkïiv Mvwo‡Z _vK‡j Mvwoi wbivcËv Zvjv e¨envi Ki‡Qb| Mvwo‡Z wkï‡`i
wbqšÎ‡Y ivLyb|
Mvwoi †Uwj‡dvb Ges gvB‡µv‡dvb 43) me mgq Avcwb Aek¨B Avcbvi Mvwo wbqšÎ‡Y ivLvi Af¨vm Ki‡eb| hLb
Avcwb Mvwo Pvjv‡eb ZLb nv‡Z enb‡hvM¨ †Uwj‡dvb A_ev gvB‡µv‡dvb e¨envi Ki‡eb
bv| nv‡Z ai‡Z nq bv Ggb gvB‡µv‡dv‡b K_v ej‡eb bv hw` Zv moK n‡Z Avcbvi
g‡bv‡hvM mwi‡q †bq| DËi †`qvi Rb¨ ev †dvb Kivi Rb¨ Riyix Ae ’v Qvov
‡gvUiI‡qi evgw`‡Ki msiw¶Z GjvKvq Avcwb Aek¨B Mvwo _vgv‡eb bv|
UªvwdK Av‡jvi ms‡KZ Ges UªvwdK wPýmg~n 44) Avcwb Aek¨B mKj UªvwdK Av‡jvi ms‡KZ (69 c„ôv †`Lyb) Ges Av‡`k
`vbKvix wPý mg~n (73 Ges 74 c„ôvq †`Lyb) gvb¨ Ki‡eb| wbwðZ †nvb †h Avcwb
Ab¨vb¨ mKj UªvwdK Ges mo‡Ki wPý mgyn Rv‡bb Ges †g‡b P‡jb|
ms‡KZmg~n 45) c_Pvix Ges Ab¨ PvjK‡`i wVK fv‡e Pj‡Z A_ev mZK© n‡Z mvnvh¨ Kivi
Rb¨ ms‡KZ w`b (71 Ges 72 c„ôv †`Lyb) | cwi¯‹vi fv‡e Ges mgq _vK‡Z ms‡KZ
w`b| wbwðZ †nvb †h e¨env‡ii ci BbwW‡KUi eÜ K‡i‡Qb|
46) Ab¨vb¨ moK e¨enviKvix KZ©„K cÖ Ë ms‡KZ j¶¨ Kiyb Ges h_vh_ e¨e ’v
wbb|
47) hvbevnb wbqšÎ‡Yi Rb¨ cywjk Awdmvi Ges UªvwdK Iqvi‡Wb KZ©„K †`qv
ms‡KZ A_ev we`¨vj‡qi mvg‡b e¨eüZ wPýmg~n Avcbv‡K Aek¨B gvb‡Z n‡e (80
c„ôv †`Lyb)|
- 12 -
Avcbvi Mvwo Pvbv‡bv Mvwo Pvjv‡Z ïiy Kiv 48) Mvwo Pvjv‡Z ïiy Kivi Av‡M Avqbv e¨envi Kiyb| hw` cÖ‡qvRb nq †ei nIqvi
Av‡M ms‡KZ w`b| †kl ev‡ii gZ cix¶v Kivi Rb¨ Pviw`‡K ZvwK‡q †`Lyb| ïay
ZLbB Pvjv‡Z ïiy Ki‡eb hLb wbivc‡` Zv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
GKUvbv Pvjv‡bv 49) evg w`‡K _vKzb, †hLv‡b moK wPý A_ev mo‡Ki Ici wPýmg~n wfbœ wb‡Ïk© bv
†`q| hw` Avcwb Ifvi‡UK Ki‡Z Pvb ev Wvb w`‡K †Nv‡ib, cvK© Kiv hvbevnb
AwZµg K‡i hvb A_ev mo‡Ki Ici c_Pvix‡`i hw` Gwo‡q †h‡Z Pvb Zv n‡j evg
w`‡K _vKzb| Ab¨‡`i Avcbv‡K Ifvi‡UK Ki‡Z my‡hvM w`b hw` †KD Ki‡Z Pvq|
50) ‡Kvb m¤cwˇZ †XvKv Qvov †cf‡g›U A_ev Rbc‡_i Ici Avcwb Aek¨B Mvwo
Pvjv‡eb bv|
51) Avcbvi †cQ‡b I `yÕcv‡k Kx Av‡Q Zv Rvbvi Rb¨ NbNb Avcbvi Avqbv
e¨envi Kiyb| A‡bK Av‡M n‡ZB ms‡KZ e¨envi Kiyb wbqšÎY A_ev MwZ cwieZ©b
Kivi mgq, Zvici hw` cÖ‡qvRb nq mwVK ms‡KZ w`b| wbqšÎY Kivi Av‡M †gvUi
mvB‡Kj PvjKiv me mgq †cQ‡b †`‡L †b‡eb|
g‡b ivL‡ebt Avqbv - ms‡KZ - wbqšÎY 52) mvB‡Kj Ges †gvUi mvB‡K‡ji cÖwZ j¶¨ ivLyb| eo hvbevn‡bi †P‡q `yB
PvKvi hvbevnb _vgv‡bv AwaK KwVb| wKš‘ Zv‡`i Av‡ivnx‡`i Ab¨vb¨ moK
e¨enviKvixi gZ mgvb AwaKvi Av‡Q Ges Zviv we‡klZt BZ¯‘ZKvix| Av‡ivnx‡`i
ch©vß RvqMv w`b, we‡kl K‡i hw` Avcwb j¤^v Mvwo Pvjvb Aev wcQ‡b Ab¨ wKQy †U‡b
wb‡q P‡jb|
53) hvbevn‡bi `xN© jvBb a‡i ivL‡eb bv| hw` Avcwb eo A_ev axi MwZi
hvbevnb Pvjvb Ges moK hw` miy A_ev AvuKveuvKv nq A_ev hw` A‡bK hvbevnb
Avcbvi w`‡K Avm‡Z _v‡K, Zv n‡j Avcbvi MvwowU wbivc‡` Ggb RvqMvq wb‡q hvb
†hLv‡b Ab¨vb¨ PvjKiv Avcbv‡K Ifvi‡UK Ki‡Z cv‡i|
MwZmxgv 54) Avcbvi Mvwoi Ges mo‡Ki Rb¨ wba©vwiZ MwZgvÎv Avcwb Aek¨B AwZµg
Ki‡eb bv (68 c„ôvq †`Lyb)| mo‡Ki evwZ mg~n mvavibZ 48 wK.wg. cÖwZ N›Uvq mxgv
wb‡ ©k K‡i hw` bv wP‡ý Ab¨ mxgv †`Lvq|
55) AvevwmK GjvKvq ax‡i Mvwo Pvjvb| wKQy wKQy mo‡K Avcbvi MwZ axi Kivi
Rb¨ mo‡K nv¤c Ges moK miy Kivi e¨e¯’v Kiv Av‡Q| Gme GjvKvq m‡e©vPP 32
wK.wg. Gi †ekx cÖwZ N›Uvq mxgv AwZµg Ki‡eb bv|
56) MwZi mxgv, Gi A_© GB bq †h †mB MwZ‡ZB Pvjv‡bv wbivc`| Ae¯’v Abyhvqx
Pvjvb| hw` moK †fRv A_ev eidc~Y© Ges Kzqvkv AvPQbœ nq Zv n‡j MwZ Kgvb|
iv‡Z AviI axi MwZ‡Z Pvjvb hLb c_Pvix‡`i Ges mvB‡Kj PvjK‡`i †`L‡Z cvIqv
KóKi|
_vgv‡bvi ~iZ¡mg~n 57) Ggb MwZ‡Z Pvjvb †h `~iZ¡ ch©šZ Avcbvi †Pv‡L Lvwj †`Lv hvq Ges †mB
~i‡Z¡ _vgv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| Avcbvi Mvwo Ges mvg‡bi Mvwoi g‡a¨ ch©vß RvqMv ivLyb,
hw` mvg‡bi Mvwoi MwZ nVvr Kwg‡q †d‡j A_ev _vgvq Zv n‡j †hb AvcwbI wbivc‡`
_vg‡Z cv‡ib| wbivc` wbqg n‡jv KLbI KvQvKvwQ hvIqv DwPr bq †hgb me©vwaK
~iZ¡ †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ mo‡K fvj Ae ’vq enbKvix `yªZ hvbevn‡bi g‡a¨ `yB
†m‡KÛ duvKvB h‡_ó n‡e| †fRv mo‡K G duvKv RvqMv wظY n‡Z n‡e Ges eidc~Y©
mo‡K GB duvKv evov‡Z n‡e| Mvwoi †P‡q eo hvbevn‡bi Ges †gvUi mvB‡K‡ji
_vgv‡bvi Rb¨ †ekx mgq cÖ‡qvRb| Avcbvi mvg‡bi GB duvKv RvqMvq hw` †Kvb
Ifvi‡UK Kiv Mvwo cÖ‡ek K‡i Zv n‡j Avcbvi MwZ Kwg‡q w`b|
- 13 -
me©wb¤§ _vgv‡bvi `~iZ¡mg~n wgUvi wnmv‡e
KmPH
wPšZv
Kivi
~iZ¡
‡eªK
†`qvi
~iZ¡
me©vwaK
_vgv‡bvi
~iZ¡
32 6 6 12
48 9 14 23
64 12 24 36
80 15 38 53
96 18 55 73
112 21 5 96
ïK‡bv mo‡Ki Ici GKwU
fvj Mvwo, fvj †eªK Ges fvj
PvKv _vK‡j mZK© Pvj‡Ki
c‡¶ G ~i‡Z¡ _vgv‡bv m¤¢e|
g‡b ivL‡eb GUv me©wb¤§
_vgv‡bvi yiZ¡| †fRv Ges
Lvivc PvKvq K¬všZ Pvj‡Ki
Kv‡Q _vgv‡bvi GB `~iZ¡ Av‡iv
„wØ cv‡e|
(wcQ‡bi Kfv‡i WvqvMÖvg †`Lyb)
Kzqvkvi ms‡KZ 58) Kzqvkvq Mvwo Pvjvevi Av‡M we‡ePbv Kiyb hw` Avcbvi Mvwo Pvjv‡bv Avek¨K
nq| hw` Avek¨K nq AwZwi³ mgq wb‡q wbb| wbwðZ †nvb †h Avcbvi Mvwoi
DBÛw¯µb, Rvbvjv Ges evwZ¸‡jv cwi¯‹vi Ges Ab¨vb¨ mKj evwZmg~n ( ‡eª‡Ki
evwZmn) fvjfv‡e KvR Ki‡Q|
hLb Kzqvkvq Mvwo Pvjv‡eb t ‡`Lyb Ges †`L‡Z w`b| mvg‡bi Mfxi evwZ e¨envi Kiyb hw` cwi¯‹vi fv‡e
†`L‡Z cvb| mvg‡bi A_ev †cQ‡bi Kzqvkvi evwZ e¨envi Kiyb hw` „k¨gvb
Ae¯’v gvivZ¡K n«vm cvq (133 wbqg †`Lyb) wKš‘ evwZ¸‡jv eÜ Kiyb hLb
„k¨gvb Ae ’vi DbœwZ nq| evZvmevnx M−v‡m Dbcvi Ges Kzqvkv gyQevi hšÎ
e¨envi Kiyb|
Avcbvi Avqbv¸‡jv cix¶v Kiyb Ges MwZ Kgvb| mvg‡bi Mvwoi †cQb n‡Z
wbivc` `~iZ¡ eRvq ivLyb| Avcwb hZUzKz `~iZ¡ cwi¯‹vi †`L‡Z cvb Zvi g‡a¨
_vgv‡Z m¶g n‡Z n‡e|
KLbI mvg‡bi Mvwoi †cQ‡bi evwZi wbK‡U _vK‡eb bv; GUv wbivcËvi fyj
aviYv †`q| Nb Kzqvkvq hw` Avcwb †Kvb Mvwo Avcbvi mvg‡b †`L‡Z cvb Zv
n‡j Avcwb g‡b Ki‡eb mvg‡bi Mvwoi Lye wbK‡U Av‡Qb hw` bv Lye ax‡i
Pvjvb|
Avcbvi MwZ j¶¨ Kiyb; Avcwb nq‡Zv Avcbvi avibvi †P‡q `ªyZ hv‡PQb|
Avcbvi †cQ‡b AwZ wbK‡U hw` †Kvb hvbevnb _v‡K Zv n‡j Pvwj‡q †h‡Z MwZ
e„w× Ki‡eb bv| hLb Avcwb MwZ Kgv‡eb, Avcbvi †eªK Ggb fv‡e e¨envi
Kiyb hv‡Z †eª‡Ki Av‡jv †cQ‡bi PvjK‡`i mZK© K‡i †`q|
mo‡Ki cv‡k ms‡K‡Z hLb ÓfogÓ kã †`Lv‡bv n‡e wKš‘ moK cwi¯‹vi †`Lv
hv‡PQ ZLb mvg‡b Kzqvkv A_ev cÖevwnZ ayqvi Rb¨ ˆZix n‡Z n‡e| Kzqvkv yªZ
cÖevwnZ n‡Z cv‡i Ges cÖvqB mvgÄm¨nxb| GgbwK hw` g‡b nq cwi¯‹vi n‡q
hv‡PQ Z_vwc nq‡Zv nVvr Avcbv‡K †`L‡Z cv‡eb Nb Kzqvkvi †fZi|
kxZKv‡j Mvwo Pvjv‡bv 59) kxZKv‡ji Rb¨ Avcbvi Mvwo cÖ¯‘Z Kiyb| wbwðZ †nvb †h e¨vUvix fvj fv‡e
i¶Yv‡e¶Y Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges †iwW‡qUi I evZvmevnx M−vm †avqvi †evZ‡j wPwðZ Gw›U-
wd«R G‡R›U †`qv Av‡Q|
60) R‡g hvIqv A_ev cÖvq R‡g hvIqv Ae ’vq AwaK mZK©Zvi mv‡_ Mvwo Pvjvb
hw`I mo‡K evjy Qov‡bv n‡q‡Q moK wcwPQj Ges mo‡Ki Dc‡ii As‡ki Ae¯’v
AcÖZ¨vwkZ fv‡e cwieZ©b n‡Z cv‡i| hLb evjy Qov‡bvi Mvwo Ifvi‡UK Ki‡eb ZLb
mZK© †nvb we‡kl K‡i hw` †gvUi mvB‡Kj Av‡ivnx nb|
61) Avcbvi ågY Lye Riyix bv n‡j ei‡di Ici Mvwo Pvjv‡eb bv| hw` Pvjv‡ZB
nq Zv n‡j Av‡¯‘ Pvjvb Ges Mvwoi PvKv hv‡Z P°i bv Lvq †m Rb¨ hZUzKz m¤¢e DuyPz
- 14 -
wMqv‡i ivLyb| nVvr MwZ evov‡eb bv , Mvwo Nyiv‡eb bv Ges †eªK w`‡eb bv| eid civi
Rb¨ hLb „k¨gvb Ae ’v gvivZ¡K n«vm cvq ZLb Avcwb Aek¨B †nW jvBU R¡vjv‡eb|
62) eid cwi¯‹vi Kivi Mvwoi cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiyb KviY Zviv Dfq w`‡K eid wb‡¶c
Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avcwb †h †j‡b hv‡eb †m †j‡bi eid cwi¯‹vi Kiv bv n‡j Zv‡`i
Ifvi‡UK Ki‡eb bv|
c_Pvix‡`i wbivcËv 63) c_Pvix‡`i cÖwZ mü`q †nvb | c_Pvixiv Kv‡Q _vK‡j we‡kl K‡i ‡Kvb
RbvKxY© mwcs GjvKvi moK¸‡jv‡Z A_ev AvevwmK GjvKvq Ges evm I Uªvg ÷‡ci
Kv‡Q, _vgv‡bv `ya cwienY Mvwoi wbK‡U A_ev åvg¨gvY †`vKv‡bi wbK‡U mZK©Zvi
mv‡_ ax‡i Mvwo Pvjvb| nVvr mo‡K AMÖmigvb c_Pvix‡`i j¶¨ Kiyb, we‡kl K‡i cvK©
Kiv †Kvb hvbevn‡bi †cQb n‡Z AvMZ|
64) wkï I e„× c_Pvix‡`i cÖwZ j¶¨ ivLyb, hviv mn‡R MwZi wePvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib
bv Ges Avcbvi mvg‡b mo‡K bvg‡Z cv‡ib Aí Ges AvswkK AÜ †jvK‡`i cÖwZ j¶¨
Kiyb Zviv mv`v Qwo enb Ki‡Z cv‡ib (mv`v Qwo , `ywU jvj cÖwZ djK e¨vbW
AÜ/ewai gvby‡li Rb¨) A_ev c_ cÖ`k©K KyKzi, e¨envi Ki‡Qb Ab¨vb¨ A¶g
†jvKRb| moK cvi n‡Z Zv‡`i AwaK mgq w`b| g‡b Ki‡eb bv †h GKRb c_Pvix
Avcbvi Mvwo Avmvi kã ïb‡Z cv‡PQb, Zv‡`i †kvbvi Amyweav _vK‡Z cv‡i|
65) we`¨vj‡qi wbKU Av‡¯Z Mvwo Pvjvb| wKQy wKQy RvqMvq we`¨vjq mZK© wP‡ýi
wb‡P cxZvf (amber) ms‡KZ Sj&mv‡Z cv‡i hvi A_© GB †h †mLv‡b mvg‡b †Q‡j-
‡g‡qiv moK cvi n‡PQ| hLb G ai‡bi ms‡KZ Sj&mv‡Z _vK‡e ZLb H GjvKv
m¤c~b© cvi n‡q bv hvIqv ch©š‘ Lye Av‡ ‘ Pvjvb| mZK©Zvi mv‡_ Mvwo Pvjvb hLb
†÷kbvwi evm AwZµg Ki‡eb Ges †h ev‡m ÕSchool BusÕ wPýwU †`Lv‡e, KviY
nq‡Zvev wkïiv ev‡m DVvbvgv Ki‡Q|
66) Avcbv‡K Aek¨B _vgv‡Z n‡e hLb we`¨vjq cvivcvi cÖnix ÕSTOP-CHILDRENÕ wPý †`Lv‡e|
67) cvK© Kiv AvBmwµg f¨v‡bi wbKU mZK© _vKzb, wkïiv Uªvwd‡Ki †P‡q
AvBmwµ‡gi cÖwZ AwaK Avm³|
68) moK Rsk‡b c_Pvix‡`i c_ w`b hviv BwZg‡a¨B moK cvi n‡PQ †h w`‡K
Avcwb Nyi‡Z Pvb|
69) Mvwo wb‡q †cf‡g›U cvi nevi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j c_Pvix‡`i c_ w`b, D`vniY¯^iyc
hLb WªvBfI‡q‡Z XyK‡eb|
g‡b ivL‡eb t †cf‡g›U RbM‡Yi Rb¨, hvbevn‡bi Rb¨ bq
70) mo‡K nuvU‡Z _vKv cPvix‡`i Rb¨ _vg‡Z cÖ ‘Z _vKzb, we‡kl K‡i MÖv‡gi moK
¸‡jv‡Z| Zv‡`i ch©vß RvqMv w`b| evg w`‡K euvKv‡bv c‡_ AwZwi³ mZK© †nvb Ges
Avcbvi MwZ Kwg‡q ivLyb|
wkï‡`i cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiƒb
- 15 -
c_Pvix cvivcvi 71) hLb †Reªv cvivcv‡ii w`‡K AMÖmi n‡eb ZLb moK cvi nevi Rb¨ †h RbMY
A‡c¶v Ki‡Qb Zv‡`i cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiyb (we‡kl K‡i †Q‡j-‡g‡qiv, e„×viv A_ev A¶g
†jvKRb)| Zv‡`i cvi n‡q †h‡Z †`qvi Rb¨ MwZ Kgv‡Z cÖ ‘Z _vKzb| hLb †KD
cvivcv‡ii Ici cv ivL‡e, Avcbv‡K Aek¨B c_ w`‡Z n‡e| †fRv Ges eidc~Y©
mo‡K _vgv‡bvi Rb¨ AwaK mgq w`b| KLbI cvi nIqvi Rb¨ RbMb‡K Bkviv w`‡eb
bv, Zv wec`RbK n‡Z cv‡i hw` Ab¨ Mvwo AMÖmi n‡Z _v‡K|
72) wRMR¨vM jvBb †`qv GjvKvmn †Reªv, cvwdb Ges †cwj‡Kb µwms‡qi Ici
Avcwb Aek¨B Ifv‡UK A_ev cvK© Ki‡eb bv| Ggb wK hw` wRMR¨vM jvBb bv _v‡K,
ZeyI cvivcv‡ii wVK Av‡M KLbI Ifvi‡UK Ki‡eb bv|
73) hvbevn‡bi `xN© jvBbI Avcwb Aek¨B c_Pvix cvivcvi gy³ ivLyb|
74) ‡cwj‡Kb cvivcv‡i Sjmv‡Z _vKv cxZvf Av‡jvi c‡i jvj ÕSTOPÕ ms‡KZ
R¡j‡e| hLb cxZvf Av‡jv Sjmv‡Z _vK‡e ZLb †h †Kvb c_Pvix hw` cvivcv‡ii Ici
_v‡Kb, Avcbv‡K Aek¨B Zv‡K c_ w`‡Z n‡e| †cwj‡Kb µwms hv †mvRv mo‡Ki
AvovAvwo wM‡q‡Q GUv GKwU gvÎ cvivcvi, Ggb wK hw`I gvSLv‡b Øxc Av‡Q,
Avcbv‡K Aek¨B A‡c¶v Ki‡Z n‡e hw` Øx‡ci Aci w`K n‡Z c_Pvix cvi n‡Z
_v‡Kb| KLbI c_Pvix‡`i nqivwb Ki‡eb bv, †hgb aiyb Avcbvi Mvwoi BwÁ‡b kã
K‡i|
75) Av‡jvi ms‡KZ Øviv wbqwšÎZ c_Pvix cvivcv‡i c_Pvix‡`i cvi n‡q †h‡Z
w`b hviv cvivcv‡ii Ici, Ggb wK ms‡KZ cwieZ©b n‡q meyR nevi ciI|
Riyix hvbevnb 76) G¨¤y‡jÝ, `gKj evwnbxi Mvwo, cywjk A_ev Ab¨vb¨ Riyix hvbevnbmg~‡ni bxj
Av‡jv SjKv‡Z _vK‡j A_ev mvB‡i‡bi kã †c‡j Zv‡`i cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiyb Ges kã
ïbyb| Zv‡`i P‡j †h‡Z ch©vß RvqMv w`b (hw` mo‡Ki wKbv‡i †h‡Z nq Ges _vg‡ZI
nq)| wKš‘ Ab¨vb¨ PvjK‡`i wec`MÖv¯’ K‡i bq| Mvwo‡Z meyR Av‡jv SjKv‡Z _vK‡j
Bw½Z †`q †h GKRb Wv³vi Riyix Wv‡K hv‡PQb myZivs hZ kxNÖ m¤¢e c_ w`b|
hvbevn‡b cxZvf Av‡jv SjKv‡Z _vK‡j 77) axi MwZi hvbevnb wn‡m‡e hLb Avcwb cxZvf Av‡jv SjKv‡Z †`L‡eb ZLb
mveav‡b Pvjvb ( †hgb mo‡K evjy Qov‡bvi Mvwo A_ev UªvKUi) A_ev weKj n‡q civ
hvbevnb|
c_Pvix cvivcvi gy³ ivLyb
- 16 -
cywjk KZ©„K _vgv‡bvi wbqgvejx 78) cywjk hw` Avcbvi Mvwo _vgv‡Z Pvq, Zv n‡j Zviv †hLv‡b m¤¢e _vg‡e, †hgb
†cQb n‡Z Avcbvi g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y Ki‡Z †nWjvBU A_ev bxj evwZ d¬vk K‡i,
mvB‡ib evwR‡q A_ev nb© w`‡q| GKRb cywjk Awdmvi evg w`‡Ki BbwW‡KUi w`‡q
Avcbv‡K wb‡Ï©k Ki‡eb wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b _vg‡Z| Avcwb cv‡k wM‡q hZ ZvovZvwo m¤¢e
Aek¨B _vg‡eb hLb GUv Kiv wbivc`, Zvici Mvwoi BwÄb eÜ Kiyb|
evmmg~n 79) evm mg~n‡K †h‡Z w`b hLb wbivc‡` Avcwb Zv w`‡Z cv‡ib, we‡kl K‡i hLb
evm ÷c n‡Z Qvovi ms‡KZ †`q| †h mKj †jvK evm n‡Z bvg‡Q Ges moK cvi n‡PQ
Zv‡`i cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiyb|
cÖvYxmgyn 80) mo‡K cÖvYx‡`i jvMvg †`qv Av‡Q wK bv A_ev P‡o hvIqv cÖvYx‡`i cÖwZ j¶¨
Kiyb Ges evg w`‡K euvKv c‡_i cÖwZ Ges MÖv‡gi miy mo‡Ki cÖwZ we‡kl fv‡e mZK©
†nvb| cÖvYx‡`i cvk w`‡q hvevi mgq ax‡i Pvjvb| Zv‡`i ch©vß RvqMv w`b Ges
_vgvevi Rb¨ cÖ ‘Z _vKzb| nb© evwR‡q A_ev Bwćb kã K‡i cÖvYx‡`i fq †`Lv‡eb bv|
81) Ak¦‡ivnx‡`i †`qv ms‡K‡Zi cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiyb Ges mZK© _vKzb, Zviv Wv‡b †gvo
†bevi c~‡e© mo‡Ki gvSLv‡b bvI Avm‡Z cv‡i| †Nvov Ges cvwbi Av‡ivnxiv cÖvqB †QvU
†Q‡j‡g‡q, myZivs AwZwi³ mZK© †nvb|
GK jvB‡bi moK 82) wKQy wKQy moK (cÖvqB wms‡Mj UªvK moK ejv nq) GZUzKz cÖk ‘ †h, GKwU
Mvwoi Rb¨B h‡_ó| G moK AwZµg Kivi Rb¨ we‡kl RvqMv Av‡Q| hLb Avcwb
†`L‡Z cv‡eb Mvwo Avcbvi w`‡K Avm‡Q A_ev Avcbvi †cQ‡bi PvjK Avcbv‡K
Ifvi‡UK Ki‡Z Pvb ZLb Avcbvi evg w`‡Ki AwZµg Kivi RvqMvq _vgyb A_ev hw`
Avcbvi Wvb w`‡K nq Zv n‡j Zvi wecixZ w`‡K _vgyb| cvnv‡oi gZ RvqMvq hLb
hvbevnb wb‡Pi w`K n‡Z Dc‡ii w`‡K Avm‡Z _v‡K ZLb Zv‡K hw` m¤¢e nq hvevi
c_ w`b| AwZµg Kivi RvqMvmg~‡n cvK© Ki‡eb bv|
100 wgUvi
mo‡Ki ˆ`N©¨ eivei jvBb Ges †jbmg~n
83) mo‡Ki ˆ`N© eivei GKwU fv½v jvBb j¤^v fv‡e mo‡Ki gvSLv‡b †`qvi A_©
GUv mZK© Kivi wec`RbK jvBb (80 c„óvq †`Lyb)| hw` m¤§y‡L eû`~i ch©š‘ Lvwj
†`L‡Z bv cvb Zv n‡j G jvBb AwZµg Ki‡eb bv|
84) ‡hLv‡b ˆ`N©¨ eivei `ywU GKUvbv mv`v jvBb Av‡Q Ges Avcbvi Kv‡Q jvBbwU
fv½v bq †mLv‡b Avcwb Aek¨B GB jvBb AwZµg Ki‡eb bv, hw` †Kvb mxgve×
GjvKv n‡Z A_ev ‡Kvb cv‡ki mo‡K cÖ‡ek Ki‡e ev †ei n‡Z bv nq, A_ev †Kvb
†÷kbvix Mvwoi cÖwZeÜKZv Gov‡Z bv nq|
85) ‡hLv‡b mo‡Ki ˆ`N¨© eivei `ywU mv`v jvBb †`qv Av‡Q Ges Avcbvi wbK‡Ui
jvBbwU hw` fv½v nq, Zv n‡j jvBb AwZµg K‡i Ifvi‡UK Ki‡Z cv‡ib hw` Zv
wbivc` nq Avcbvi Wvb w`‡Ki mv`v Nb GKUvbv jvB‡bi Kv‡Q †cŠQvi c~‡e©|
86) mo‡Ki Ici †KvbvKzwb mv`v jvBbmg~n A_ev mo‡Ki Ici mv`v †kfib jvBb
AvKvu nq UªvwdK †jb Avjv`v Kivi Rb¨ A_ev hvbevnb‡K Wvb w`‡K †Nviv n‡Z i¶v
Kivi Rb¨ | †hLv‡b GB GjvKvmg~n fv½v bq Ggb mv`v jvBb w`‡q mxgvbv †`qv,
Avcwb Aek¨B GB GjvKvq Riyix Ae¯’v Qvov cÖ‡ek Ki‡eb bv|
87) mv`v fv½v jvBb hv moK‡K †j‡b fvM K‡i‡Q-GB yÕGi g‡a¨ Avcbvi Mvwo
ivLyb| mv`v jvB‡bi mv‡_ iw½b Av‡jvi cÖwZdjK moK ÷vW (STUD) e¨envi Kiv
n‡Z cv‡i| mv`v ÷vW †jb A_ev mo‡Ki gvSLv‡b wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨, jvj ÷vW evg
cv‡ki wKbviv wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨ Ges PjvPjKvix c‡_i ga¨eZ©x msiw¶Z GjvKvi Rb¨
cxZvf ÷vW _vK‡Z cv‡i| c„_K Kivi Rb¨ mo‡Ki AvovAvwo Ges cvk¦© mo‡Ki Rb¨
meyR ÷vW e¨envi Kiv n‡Z cv‡i|
88) wKQy wKQy cvnv‡oi gZ RvqMvq nvgv¸wo w`‡q (crawler) Dc‡ii w`‡K DVvi
Rb¨ †jb †`qv _vK‡Z cv‡i| hw` Avcwb axi MwZi hvbevnb Pvjvb A_ev hw` †cQ‡bi
†Kvb hvbevnb Avcbv‡K Ifvi‡UK Ki‡Z Pvq Zv n‡j GB †jb e¨envi Kiyb|
- 17 -
‡jb wbqgvbyewZ©Zv 89) ‡jb cwieZ©b Kivi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j cÖ_‡g wbwðZ nevi Rb¨ Mvwoi Avqbvmg~n
e¨envi Kiyb, Avcwb †hb Ab¨ PvjK‡`i A_ev Av‡ivnx‡`i w`K cwieZ©b Ki‡Z A_ev
MwZ Kgv‡Z eva¨ bv K‡ib|
g‡b ivL‡eb t Avqbvmg~n-ms‡KZ-wbqšÎY 90) wKQy wKQy moK Rsk‡b †jbmg~n wewfbœ w`‡K †h‡Z cv‡i wPý AbymiY Kiyb
Ges mgq _vK‡Z mwVK †j‡b cÖ‡ek Kiyb|
91) hvbR‡Ui g‡a¨ _vK‡j ÕjvBb †Q‡oÕ Ab¨ ‡j‡b hvIqvi †Póv Ki‡eb bv A_ev
Avcbvi m¤§y‡L A‡c¶viZ Mvwo‡K Ifvi‡UK Ki‡eb bv|
92) hw` †Kvb GKK PjvPjKvix mo‡K wZbwU †jb _v‡K Ges mo‡Ki Ici AvuKv
wPýmg~n hvbevnb‡K †Kvb w`‡K hvIqvi AMÖvwaKvi bv †`q ZLb Ifvi‡UK Kivi Rb¨
A_ev Wvb w`‡K †Nvivi Rb¨ ïay gvSLv‡bi †jb e¨envi Kiyb| g‡b ivL‡eb- Avcbvi
Avi gvSLv‡bi †jb e¨envi Kivi AwaKvi _vK‡e bv hw` †Kvb PvjK wecixZ w`K n‡Z
Avm‡Z _v‡Kb| Wvb w`‡Ki †jb e¨envi Ki‡eb bv|
93) hw` †Kvb GKK PjvPjKvix mo‡K PviwU A_ev AwaK †jb _v‡K, Zv n‡j
mo‡Ki Wvb w`‡Ki ‡jbmg~n e¨envi Ki‡eb bv, hw` bv wPý mg~n Ges mo‡Ki Ici
AvuKv wPýmg~n wb‡ ©k bv †`q|
94) ‡Kvb wZb †j‡bi ‰`Z¡ PjvPjKvix mo‡Ki Wvb w`‡Ki †jb ïay Ifv‡UK Kivi
Rb¨ A_ev Wvb w`‡K †Nvivi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiyb|
95) ‡Kvb wZb †j‡bi ‰`Z¡ PjvPjKvix mo‡Ki evg w`‡Ki †j‡b _vKzb| hw` H
†j‡b Avcbvi †P‡q axi MwZi hvbevnb _v‡K Zv n‡j gvSLv‡bi †jb e¨envi Kiyb
Zv‡`i Ifvi‡UK Kivi Rb¨ wKš‘ evg w`‡Ki †j‡b wd‡i Avm‡eb hLb Zv Lvwj n‡e|
Wvb w`‡Kii †jb Ifvi‡UK Kivi Rb¨ (A_ev Wvb w`‡K †Nvivi Rb¨); hw` Avcwb Zv
Ifvi‡UK Kivi Rb¨ e¨envi K‡ib, Zv n‡j gvSLv‡bi †j‡b Avmyb Ges Zvici evg
w`‡Ki †j‡b Avmyb hZ ZvovZvwo wbivc‡` Zv Kiv m¤¢e|
96) IqvbI‡q PjvPjKvix moK n‡Z †ei nevi Rb¨ hZ ZvovZvwo m¤¢e mwVK †jb
cQ›` Kiyb| nVvr KLbI †jb cwieZ©b Ki‡eb bv | hw` moK wPý wfbœ wb‡`©k bv †`q,
Zv n‡j evg w`‡K Nyivi Rb¨ evg w`‡Ki †jb, Wvb w`‡K †Nvivi Rb¨ Wvb w`‡Ki †jb
Ges †mvRv hvevi myweavRbK †h †Kvb †jb †e‡Q wbb| g‡b ivL‡eb Ab¨ hvbevnb
Avcbvi Dfq w`K n‡Z AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡i|
97) evm Ges Uªvg †jbmgyn hv ms‡K‡Z Ges mo‡Ki Ici AvuKv wPý Øviv †`Lv‡bv
n‡q‡Q| evm †jb Ges Uªvg †j‡bi wba©vwiZ PjvP‡ji mg‡qi g‡a¨ Avcwb Aek¨B
†mLv‡b Pjv‡eb bv, hw` bv wPýmg~n Avcbv‡K AbygwZ †`q|
98) mo‡Ki Ici AvuKv wP‡ý Ges djK wPý Øviv mvB‡Kj †jb †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
mv`v fv½v jvBb Øviv wPý †`qv mvB‡Kj †j‡b Avcwb Aek¨B Mvwo Pvjv‡eb bv A_ev
cvK© Ki‡eb bv we‡kl K‡i Zv‡`i PjvP‡ji mg‡q| mv`v fv½v jvBb Øviv wPwýZ
mvB‡Kj †j‡b Mvwo Pvjv‡eb bv hw` Gwo‡q hvIqv m¤¢e bv nq|
Ifvi‡UwKs 99) Ifvi‡UK Ki‡eb bv hZ¶Y ch©š‘ Avcwb wbivc‡` Zv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wbwðZ
†nvb †h mvg‡b Ges †cQ‡b eû`yi ch©š‘ Lvwj RvqMv Av‡Q| †h MvwowU Ifvi‡UK Ki‡Z
Pvb Zv Lye Kv‡Q hv‡eb bv, GUv Avcbvi mvg‡bi iv ‘v †`L‡Z cÖwZeÜK n‡Z cv‡i|
- 18 -
Avcbvi Avqbvmg~n e¨envi Kiyb| †jb n‡Z †ei nevi c~‡e©B ms‡KZ w`b| iv‡Z Lvivc
`„wó‡MvPi Ae¯’vq hLb MwZ I `~iZ¡ wePvi Kiv KwVb ZLb AwZwi³ fv‡e mZK© †nvb|
g‡b ivL‡eb t Avqbvmg~n-ms‡KZ-wbqšÎY 100) hLb Ifvi‡UK Ki‡Z ïiy K‡i‡Qb, ZLb †h hvbevnb Ifvi‡UK Ki‡eb Zv‡K
ªyK AwZµg Kiyb Ges Zvi Rb¨ ch©ß RvqMv ivLyb| cybivq mo‡Ki evg w`‡K P‡j
Avmyb hZ kxNª m¤¢e wKš‘ Kv‡iv MwZ†iva K‡i bq|
101) hLb gUi mvB‡Kj, †cWvj mvB‡Kj A_ev Ak¦v‡ivnx‡`i Ifvi‡UK Ki‡eb,
Zv‡`i ch©ß RvqMv w`b †hgb GKwU Mvwoi Rb¨ w`‡q _v‡Kb| g‡b ivL‡eb †h †cWvj
mvB‡Kj PvjKiv me mgq †mvRv Pvjv‡Z AcviM n‡Z cv‡ib, we‡kl K‡i cÖej evZv‡m
A_ev A-mgvb mo‡K|
102) evg w`‡K Ifvi‡UK Ki‡eb bv hw` bv :
mvg‡bi Mvwo Wvb w`‡K †Nvivi ms‡KZ †`q Ges Avcwb Zvi euv w`K
w`‡q wbivc‡` Ifvi‡UK Ki‡Z cv‡ib;
hvbR‡Ui g‡a¨ hvbevnb ax†i AMÖmi n‡Z _v‡K Ges Wvb w`‡Ki
†j‡bi hvbevnb Avcbvi †P‡q ax†i AMÖmi nq|
103) hvbevnb ax‡i Pjvi jvB‡b Avcbvi evg w`‡Ki †j‡b cÖ‡ek Kiyb ïay evg w`‡K
‡Nvivi Rb¨| Ifv‡UK Kivi Rb¨ evg w`K †_‡K †jb¸‡jv cwieZ©b Ki‡eb bv |
hvbevn‡bi g‡a¨ †_‡K cvi n‡Z _vKv c_Pvix‡`i cÖwZ Ges Rskb n‡Z AMÖmi nIqv
hvbevn‡bi cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiyb|
104) Ifvi‡UK Kivi mgq Avcbvi MwZ evov‡eb bv| Ifvi‡UK Ki‡Z _vKv Mvwo‡K
AwZµg Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb nq MwZ Kgvb Ges †fZi Avm‡Z w`b|
105) `yB †j‡bi GK w`‡K PjvPjKvix mo‡K wecixZ w`K n‡Z Avcbvi w`‡K AvMZ
hvbevnb‡K c_ w`b Avcbvi w`‡K cvK© Kiv A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb evav AwZµg Kivi c~‡e©|
106) K. Avcwb Aek¨B Ifvi‡UK Ki‡eb bv ;
hw` Avcbv‡K cvkvcvwk `ywU mv`v jvB‡bi mv‡_ GKwU Avcbvi wbK‡Ui
GKUvbv jvBb AwZµg Ki‡Z nq A_ev Zvi Ici Pvjv‡Z nq;
hw` Avcwb c_Pvix cvivcv‡ii wbKU wRMRvM GjvKvq _v‡Kb;
ÕNO OVERTAKINGÕ wP‡ýi ci n‡Z Ges Avi GKwU wPý AwZµg
bv Kiv ch©š‘ hv Øviv GB mxgveãZv evwZj Kiv nq;
L. Ifvi‡UK Ki‡eb bv :
1| wbwðZ nevi Rb¨ †hLv‡b Avcwb mvg‡b eû`yi ch©š‘ †`L‡Z bv cvb †h Zv
wbivc`, D`vniY ^iyc, hLb G‡Mv‡Z _vK‡eb A_ev wbK‡U :
• ‡Kvb †Kvbvq ev euv‡K;
• ‡Kvb KzR AvK…wZi †mZzi Kv‡Q;
• ‡Kvb wUjvi Dc‡i; A_ev
2| †hLv‡b Avcwb Aci moK e¨enviKvix‡`i m‡½ msN‡l© ci‡Z cv‡ib,
D`vniY ^iyc:
• mo‡Ki Dfq w`K n‡Z hLb †Kvb moK Rsk‡bi w`‡K G‡Mv‡Z _v‡Kb
A_ev †Kvb moK Rsk‡b;
• ‡hLv‡b moK miy AvKv‡i;
• we`¨vjq cvivcvi cÖnixi w`K G‡Mv‡Z _vK‡j;
• ‡hLv‡b Avcbv‡K †KvbvKzwb A_ev †mfib (chevron) AvuKv GjvKvi
Ici Mvwo Pvjv‡Z n‡e;
• ‡hLv‡b Avcbv‡K †Kvb msiw¶Z evm, Uªvg A_ev mvB‡Kj †jbmg~‡n cÖ‡ek
Ki‡Z nq;
- 19 -
• ÷‡c _vgv‡bv Ae ’vq ywU ev‡mi gvSLv‡b A_ev Uªvg Ges †Kvb euv‡K;
• ‡hLv‡b hvbevnb moK Rsk‡b A_ev moK †givg‡Zi Rb¨ jvBb †`q;
• hLb Avcwb Aci PvjK‡`i eva¨ Ki‡eb †eu‡K †h‡Z A_ev MwZ Kgv‡Z;
• ‡Kvb †j‡fj cvivcv‡i
hw` m‡›`n _v‡K - Ifvi‡UK Ki‡eb bv moK Rskbmg~n 107) moK Rskbmg~n AwZwi³ mZK© _vKzb| Avcbvi Ae¯’vb Ges MwZ cix¶v
Kiyb| Rskbmg~n mvB‡Kj, †gvUi mvB‡Kj Ges c_Pvix‡`i Rb¨ we‡kl fv‡e
wec`RbK, myZivs Avcwb †gvo †Nvivi c~‡e© Zv‡`i cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiyb| `xN© jwi ev
hvbevn‡bi w`‡K j¶¨ Kiyb hviv mvg‡b Rsk‡b †gvo Nyi‡Q; Zv‡`I nq‡Zv Nyievi Rb¨
moK Rsk‡bi meUzKz RvqMv e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡Z cv‡i|
108) Avcwb †h mo‡Ki w`‡K †gvo Nyi‡Qb †m moK cvi n‡Z _vKv c_Pvix‡`i c_
w`b|
109) moK Rsk‡b †hLv‡b ÕSTOPÕ wPý †`qv Ges GKwU AvovAvwo GKUvbv mv`v
jvBb Av‡Q, Avcbv‡K Aek¨B †m jvB‡bi †cQ‡b _vg‡Z n‡e| cybivq Avcwb AMÖmi
nevi Av‡M wbivc` RvqMv Av‡Q wK bv Zvi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Kiyb|
110) ‡hLv‡b †Kvb Rsk‡b mo‡Ki Ici AvovAvwo fv‡e ywU mv`v fv½v jvBb †`qv
(†mLv‡b ÕGive WayÕ wPý A_ev mo‡Ki Dc‡i wecixZ fv‡e wÎf~R AvuKv n‡Z
cv‡i ), _v‡K †mLv‡b Avcbv‡K Aek¨B Ab¨ mo‡Ki hvbevnb‡K †h‡Z w`‡Z n‡e|
111) hLb moK Rsk‡b A‡c¶v Ki‡Z _vK‡eb ZLb g‡b Ki‡eb bv †h Wvb w`K
n‡Z Avmv evg w`‡Ki ms‡KZ †`qv hvbevnb ïay evg w`‡KB Nyi‡e| wbðZ nevi Rb¨
A‡c¶v Kiyb|
112) hLb †mvRv hv‡PQb A_ev Wvb w`‡K ˆØZ PjvPjKvix mo‡K Nyi‡Qb, g‡b
Ki‡eb cÖwZ A‡a©K GKwU Avjv`v moK| gvSLv‡bi msiw¶Z GjvKvq A‡c¶v Kiyb
hZ¶b ch©š‘ mo‡Ki wØZxq As‡k hvbevnb PjvP‡ji g‡a¨ wbivc` duvKv RvqMv bv nq|
hw` Avcbvi Mvwoi ˆ`‡N©¨i Rb¨ ga¨eZ©x msiw¶Z GjvKv L~e miy nq, Zv n‡j Avcwb
A‡c¶v Kiyb hZ¶b ch©š‘ ˆØZ PjvPjKvix moK GKev‡i cvi n‡Z bv cv‡ib|
113) eK&m Rsk‡b AvovAvwo njy jvBb¸‡jv mo‡Ki Ici AvuKv nq (80 c„ôvq
†`Lyb)| Avcwb Aek¨B GB eK&‡mi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Ki‡eb bv, hw` Avcbvi †ei nevi
moK A_ev †jb Lvwj bv _v‡K| wKš‘ Avcwb GB eK&†mi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡ib hw`
Wvb w`‡K Nyi‡Z Pvb Ges AvMZ hvbevn‡bi Rb¨ †_‡g‡Qb A_ev Wvb w`‡K †Nvivi
hvbevn‡bi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Qb|
UªvwdK Av‡jvi Øviv wbqwšÎZ Rskbmg~n 114) UªvwdK Av‡jvi Øviv wbqwšÎZ Rsk‡b hw` Av‡jv meyR bv nq Avcwb Aek¨B
Avcbvi mo‡Ki cv‡k †`qv ÕSTOPÕ jvB‡bi †cQ‡b _vgv‡eb| Avcwb Aek¨B
mvg‡b Pvjv‡eb bv hLb jvj Ges cxZvf (njy‡`i gZ) Av‡jv GK‡Î †`Lv‡e| Av‡jvi
- 20 -
ms‡KZ meyR n‡jB mvg‡b hv‡eb bv hw` Avcbvi Rb¨ ch©vß Lvwj RvqMv bv _v‡K,
Rskb wbivc‡` Lvwj Kivi Rb¨ A_ev Avcwb Wvb w`‡K †Nvivi Rb¨ Ae¯’vb wb‡Z Pvb|
115) ‡hLv‡b UªvwdK Av‡jvi mv‡_ Zxi wP‡ýi meyR cvk¦© ms‡KZ Av‡Q hv ïay †jbB
wb‡`©k Ki‡Q †mLv‡b H †j‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡eb bv hw` Avcwb Zxi wPý †`qv †j‡b †h‡Z bv
Pvb| wbwðZ †j‡b hvevi Rb¨ Ab¨vb¨ PvjK‡i, we‡kl K‡i mvB‡Kj PvjK‡`i ch©vß
RvqMv w`b|
116) hw` UªvwdK Av‡jv KvR bv K‡i mZK©Zvi mv‡_ AMÖmi †nvb|
Wvb w`‡K †Nviv 117) Wvb w`‡K †Nvivi A‡bK Av‡M, Avcbvi Ae¯’vb m¤c‡K© wbwðZ nevi Rb¨ Ges
Avcbvi †cQ‡b hvbevn‡bi MwZwewai Rb¨ Mvwoi Avqbv e¨envi Kiyb| hLb wbivc`
ZLb Wvb w`‡K †Nvivi ms‡KZ w`b Ges hZ ZvovZvox m¤¢e wbivc‡` Nyiyb| mo‡Ki
gvSLv‡bi evg w`‡K Ae ’vb Kiyb A_ev hvbevnb Wvb w`‡K †Nvivi wPý AvuKv GjvKvq
_vKzb| hw` m¤¢e nq Ab¨vb¨ hvbevnb AwZµg Kivi Rb¨ evg w`‡K RvqMv ivLyb|
Avcwb Ges AvMZ hvbevn‡bi g‡a¨ wbivc` k~b¨ RvqMv bv nIqv ch©š‘ A‡c¶v Kiyb|
mvB‡Kj, †gvUi mvB‡Kj Ges c_Pvix‡`i cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiyb| Zvici Nyi‡Z _vKzb wKš‘
†Kvbv KvU‡eb bv| cÖavb mo‡K †Nvivi mgq we‡kl fv‡e mZ©K _vKzb; Dfq w`‡K
hvZvqvZKvix hvbevn‡bi cÖwZ j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e Gbs wbivc` Lvwj RvqMvi Rb¨ A‡c¶v
Kiyb|
g‡b ivL‡eb t Avqbv¸‡jv-ms‡KZ-wbqšÎY
118) hLb Rsk‡b Wvbw`‡K Nyi‡Z _vK‡eb, †hLv‡b wecixZ w`K n‡Z AvMZ
hvbevnbI Wvb w`‡K Nyi‡e, †mLv‡b AY¨ MvwowU Avcbvi Wvb w`‡K ivLv mvavibZ:
wbivc` Ges Zvi wcQb w`K n‡Z Nyiyb| †hgb AdmvBW n‡Z AdmvBW| Avcwb †Nviv
†kl Kivi c~‡e© Ab¨vb¨ hvbevnb j¶¨ Kiyb †h moK Avcwb AwZµg Ki‡Z Pvb|
119) hw` Rsk‡bi Ae ’v hvbevn‡bi cwiw ’wZi Rb¨ Ggb nq †h AdmvBW n‡Z
- 21 -
AdmvBW AwZµg Kiv Dchy³ bq, Zv n‡j cvkvcvwk mZK©Zvi mv‡_ AwZµg Kiyb|
moK †`Lvi Rb¨ Ab¨ Mvwo cÖwZeÜK n‡Z cv‡i mysZivs mZK©Zvi mv‡_ AvMZ hvbevnb
j¶¨ Kiyb|
120) hLb ˆØZ PjvPjKvix moK n‡Z Wvb w`‡K Nyi‡eb, ZLb gvSLv‡bi †Lvjv
RvqMvq A‡c¶v Kiyb hZ¶b ch©š‘ Ab¨vb¨ PjvPjKvix moK AwZµg Kiv wbivc` g‡b
bv K‡ib|
evg w`‡K †Nviv 121) evg w`‡K †Nvivi A‡bK c~‡e©B Avcbvi Avqbv¸‡jv e¨envi Kiyb Ges euv w`‡K
†Nvivi ms‡KZ w`b| euv w`‡K †Nvivi wVK c~e© gyn~‡Z© mvB‡Kj, †gvUi mvB‡Kj A_ev
Ak¦v‡ivnx‡`i Ifvi‡UK Ki‡eb bv Ges euv w`‡K Nyivi c~‡e© j¶¨ Kiƒb †h †cQb n‡Z
Ab¨ Mvwo Avcbvi evu w`‡K Avm‡Q wK bv| hLb euv w`‡K Nyi‡eb ZLb wbivc‡` hZUzKz
cv‡k ivLv m¤¢e ZZUzKz cv‡k ivLyb|
122) hw` Avcwb evm †jb, mvB‡Kj †jb A_ev Uªvgc_ AwZµg K‡i evu w`‡K Nyi‡Z
Pvb, Zv n‡j Dfq w`‡Ki Ab¨ †h †Kvb hvbevnb hw` H †jb e¨envi K‡i , Zv‡`i c_
w`b|
‡MvjP°img~n 123) ‡MvjP°‡ii w`‡K AMÖmi nevi Av‡M hZ `ªyZ m¤¢e wm×vš‘ wbb †ei nevi †Kvb
moK Avcbvi cÖ‡qvRb Ges wbwðZ †j‡b Pjyb| Avcbvi MwZ Kgvb| hw` mo‡Ki Ici
wPý wfbœ wb‡`©k bv †`q Zv n‡j †MvjP°‡ii wbKU †cŠuQv‡j Avcbvi Wvb w`‡Ki
hvbevnb‡K c_ w`b| †h mKj hvbevnb †MvjP°‡ii †fZ‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡Q Zv‡`i cÖwZ
j¶¨ Kiyb we‡kl K‡i mvB‡Kj Ges †gvUi mvB‡Kj Av‡ivnx‡`i cÖwZ| wKQy Rsk‡b
GKvwaK †MvjP°i _vK‡Z cv‡i| cÖ‡Z¨KwUi Rb¨ mvaviY †MvjP°‡ii wbqg cÖ‡hvR¨|
124) hw` wPý mg~n A_ev mo‡Ki Ici AvuKv wPý wfbœ wb‡`©k bv †`q:
hLb evu w`K Nyi‡eb:
- euv w`‡K ms‡KZ w`b Ges euv w`‡Ki †jb n‡Z AMÖmi †nvb
- †MvjP°‡ii †fZ‡i evu w`‡Ki †j‡b _vKzb Ges euv w`‡K
ms‡KZ †`qv `xN©Zi Kiyb|
hLb †mvRv mvg‡bi w`‡K hv‡eb:
- AMÖmi nevi mgq ms‡KZ †`‡eb bv;
- ev w`K n‡Z AMÖmi †nvb A_ev wZb †j‡bi mo‡K ga¨ †jb
n‡Z AMÖmi †nvb ( yB †j‡bi mo‡K Avcwb Wvb w`‡Ki
†jb n‡Z AMÖmi n‡Z cv‡ib hw` euv w`‡K †jb eÜ _v‡K);
- ‡MvjP°‡ii †fZ‡i GKB †j‡b _vKzb;
- Avcwb †h moK w`‡q †ei n‡eb Zvi c~‡e©i moKwU cvi
nevi c‡i euv w`‡K ms‡KZ w`b|
GLb Wvb w`‡K ms‡KZ w`b Ges Wvb w`‡Ki †jb n‡Z AMÖmi †nvb;
- ‡MvjP°‡ii †fZ‡i Wvb w`‡K _vKzb;
- Avcwb †h mo‡K †ei n‡eb Zvi c~‡e©i moK ch©š‘ Wvb
w`‡K ms‡KZ w`‡Z _vKzb, Zvici euv w`‡K ms‡KZ w`b|
‡hLv‡b †MvjP°‡i cÖ‡ek c‡_ wZbwUi AwaK †jb Av‡Q †mLv‡b AMÖmi nevi
Rb¨ Ges †MvjP°‡ii †fZ‡i wbwðZ †jb e¨envi Kiyb|
125) hLb †MvjP°‡ii ‡fZ‡i _vK‡eb ZLb Avcbvi mvg‡b †_‡K AwZµgKvix
hvbevn‡bi cÖwZ j¶¨ ivLyb, we‡kl K‡i ‡h mKj hvbevnb †MvjP°i n‡Z cieZ©x moK
w`‡q †ei n‡PQ Zv‡`i cÖwZ| Ab¨vb¨ PvjK‡`i cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZ cÖ`k©b Kiyb|
- 22 -
126) ‡gvUi mvB‡Kj, mvB‡Kj Ges Ak¦v‡ivnx‡`i cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiyb| Zv‡`i ch©vß
RvqMv w`b| mvB‡Kj Ges Ak¦v‡ivnxiv cÖvqB †fZ‡i euv w`‡K _vK‡e; Zviv †MvjP°‡ii
†fZ‡i c_ `xN©Zi Kivi Rb¨ Wvb w`‡K ms‡KZ w`‡Z cv‡ib|
127) AMÖmi nIqvi mgq Ges †MvjP°‡ii †fZ‡i `xN© hvbevnb wfbœ c_ AbymiY
Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zv‡`i ms‡K‡Zi cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiyb Ges Zv‡`i ch©ß RvqMv w`b|
128) wgwb †MvjP°img~‡n GKB wbqg cÖ‡hvR¨| hw` m¤¢e nq gvSLv‡b AvuKv wP‡ýi
wbKU n‡Z AwZµg Kiyb| BD-Uvb© Kiv hvbevnb Ges `xN© hvbevn‡bi cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiyb,
Zv‡`i nq‡Zv wgwb †MvjP°‡ii ga¨ n‡Z AwZµg Ki‡Z n‡Z cv‡i|
‡cQ‡bi w`‡K Pvjv‡bv 129) ‡cQ‡bi w`‡K Pvjv‡bvi c~‡e© Avcwb wbwðZ †nvb †h †cQ‡b †Kvb euvav †bB|
mo‡Ki †h Ask Pvj‡Ki Avmb n‡Z †`Lv hvq bv Avcbvi †mB †cQ‡bi ÕAí GjvKvÕ
m¤c‡K© mZK© †nvb| hw` Avcwb cwi¯‹vi fv‡e †`L‡Z bv cvb Zv n‡j Avcbv‡K
cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ Ab¨ Kv‡iv mvnvh¨ wbb| cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ mgq Aek¨B Avcbvi
Mvwo †cQ‡b Pvjv‡eb bv|
130) KLbI cvk¦© moK n‡Z cÖavb mo‡Ki w`‡K †cQ‡b Pvjv‡eb bv| WªvBfI‡q n‡Z
mo‡Ki w`‡K †cQ‡b Pvjv‡bv Gwo‡q Pjyb; hw` m¤¢e nq †fZ‡i wifvm© K‡i evB‡ii
w`‡K Pvjvb|
hvbevn‡bi evwZmg~n 131) Avcwb Aek¨B wbwðZ ‡nvb †h, Avcbvi evwZmg~n cwi¯‹vi, I¸‡jv KvR K‡i
Ges Avcbvi cÖavb evwZ wVK fv‡e web¨¯Z Kiv| Lvivc fv‡e web¨¯‘ Kiv cÖavb evwZ Ab¨vb¨ moK e¨enviKvix‡`i Rb¨ Zxeª Av‡jvKgq Ges `yN©Ubvi KviY n‡Z cv‡i;
m~h©v¯‘ n‡Z m~‡hv©`q ch©š‘ Avcbvi cvk¦© evwZmg~n e¨envi Kiyb; Mvwoi cÖavb evwZ me mgq e¨envi Kiyb (m~h©v‡ ‘i Ava N›Uv ci n‡Z
Ges m~‡h©v`‡qi Ava N›Uv c~e© ch©š‘) me mo‡K †hLv‡b evwZ †bB Ges †hLv‡b 185 wgUvi (600 dzU) ci ci moK evwZ A_ev evwZ R¡‡j bv;
cÖavb evwZ A_ev mvg‡bi Kzqvkvi evwZ e¨envi Kiyb hLb `„wó‡MvPi ¶gZv gvivZœK fv‡e n«vm cvq, mvavibZ hLb 100 wgUv‡ii (328 dzU) †ewk `~‡i †`Lv hvq bv|
132) Avcwb Aek¨B cvjb Ki‡eb t iv‡Zi †ejv Av‡jvwKZ †gvUiI‡q‡Z Ges 50 mph MwZi D‡aŸ©
moKmg~‡n Mvwoi cÖavb evwZ e¨envi Kiyb; hw` AvevwmK GjvKvi moK fvjfv‡e Av‡jvwKZ bv nq Zv n‡j Mvwoi
cÖavb Mfxi evwZ e¨envi Kiyb; Zxeª Av‡jv e¨envi Ki‡eb bv| hw` Avcbvi Mvwo†Z dim-dip _v‡K
Zv n‡j AÜKvigq w`‡b Mfxi evwZ e¨envi Kivi cwie‡Z© GUv e¨envi Kiyb Ges iv‡Zi †ejv AvevwmK GjvKvq fvj moK Av‡jv‡ZI GUv e¨envi Kiyb;
hLb Avcwb wecixZ w`K n‡Z AvMZ hvbevn‡bi A_ev moK e¨enviKvix‡`i gy‡LvgywL n‡eb Ges †h MvwowU Avcwb AbymiY Ki‡Qb Ggb Pvj‡Ki †PvL Sj‡m †`qvi c~‡e© Avcbvi cÖavb evwZi Av‡jv Kwg‡q w`b;
AvMZ Mvwoi cÖavb evwZi Av‡jvq hw` Avcbvi †PvL auvwa‡q hvq Zv n‡j MwZ Kgvb A_ev _vgyb;
- 23 -
Kzqvkvi evwZmg~n 133) hLb `„wó‡MvPi ¶gZv we‡klfv‡e K‡g hvq ZLb Kzqvkvi evwZ e¨envi Kiyb,
mvaviYZ; hLb 100 wgUv‡ii AwaK Avcwb †`L‡Z cv‡ib bv| Ab¨ mg‡q Aek¨B
Kzqvkvi evwZ e¨envi Ki‡eb bv| hLb „wó‡MvPi ¶gZvi DbœwZ nq ZLb g‡b ivL‡eb
evwZ¸‡jv eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e|
wec` mZK© Kivi evwZmg~n 134) hLb Avcbvi Mvwo _vwg‡q‡Qb ZLb nq‡Zv wec` mZK© Kivi evwZ e¨envi
Ki‡Z cv‡ib A¯’vqxfv‡e hvbevnb PjvP‡j euvavi KviY nIqv mZK© Ki‡Z| Avcwb
†gvUiI‡q‡Z A_ev Aeva ‰ØZ PjvPjKvix mo‡K Ges Avcbvi †cQ‡bi PvjK‡K wec`
m¤c‡K© mZK© Kivi Rb¨ A_ev mvg‡b euvav Av‡Q Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ G evwZ¸‡jv e¨envi
Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Avcbvi mZK© Kiv „wó‡MvPi n‡q‡Q wVK ZZUzKz mgq G¸‡jv e¨envi
Kiyb| wec‡`i Rb¨ Acivax A_ev A‰ea cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ G¸‡jv e¨envi Ki‡eb bv|
cÖavb evwZi SjK 135) cÖavb evwZi SjK †`qvi GKUvB A_© Av‡Q †hgb Avcbvi Dcw ’wZ Ab¨ moK
e¨enviKvix‡`i Rvbv‡bv| Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y Avcbvi cÖavb evwZi SjK w`‡eb bv Ges
KL‡bv gv‡b Ki‡eb bv GUv GKwU AMÖmi nIqvi ms‡KZ|
n‡b©i e¨envi 136) hLb Avcbvi Mvwo Pj‡Z _v‡K ZLb cÖ‡qvRb n‡j nb© e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib
Aci moK e¨enviKvix‡`i mZK© Kiv I Avcbvi Dcw ’wZ Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨| wKš‘ KLbI
Zxeª wZi¯‹vi wnmv‡e e¨envi Ki‡eb bv| Avcwb Aek¨B Avcbvi nb© e¨envi Ki‡eb
bv t
AvevwmK GjvKvq ivZ 11.30 wgt Ges mKvj 7-Uvi g‡a¨;
hLb Avcbvi Mvwo †ókbvwi Ges hw` Pjgvb Mvwo wec‡`i KviY bv
nq|
A‡c¶v Kiv Ges cvK© Kiv 137) ‡hLv‡bB m¤¢e Mvwo ivLvi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ GjvKvq Mvwo ivLyb| hw` mo‡K Mvwo
_vgv‡Z nq Zv n‡j hZUzKz cv‡k m¤¢e _vgyb| c½y‡`i e¨vR †`Lv‡bv hvbevn‡bi mvg‡b
A_ev †cQ‡b Mvwo _vgv‡j ch©vß RvqMv ivLyb| Avcwb A_ev Avcbvi hvÎx‡`i †KD
`iRv †Lvjvi Av‡M wbwðZ †nvb †h GUv mo‡K AwZµgKvix A_ev c_Pvix‡`i KvD‡K
AvNvZ bv K‡i A_ev Zv‡`i †eu‡K †h‡Z eva¨ bv K‡i| c_Pvix, mvB‡Kj Ges †gvUi
mvB‡Kj PvjK‡`i cÖwZ we‡klfv‡e j¶¨ Kiyb| Avcbvi Rb¨ Ges Avcbvi hvÎx‡`i
Rb¨ Rbc‡`i w`‡K Mvwo n‡Z bvgv (we‡kl K‡i wkï‡`i) wbivc`| Avcwb Aek¨B
Mvwoi cÖavb evwZ Ges BwÄb eÜ Ki‡eb| Mvwo Z¨vM Kivi c~‡e© wbwðZ †nvb †h nvZ
†eªK wVK fv‡e Dc‡i DVv‡bv i‡q‡Q| me mgq Mvwo Zvjve× Kiyb|
138) Avcwb †hLv‡b Aek¨B _vgv‡eb bv ev cvK© Ki‡eb bv t
‡gvUiI‡qi PjvPjKvix c‡_ (179-180 wbqg †`Lyb);
wRMRvM jvBbmn c_Pvix cvivcv‡ii Dci (72 wbqg †`Lyb);
‡hLv‡b c_ Lvwj ivLvi wb‡ ©k †`qv (73 wbqg †`Lyb);
hvÎx‡`i DVv‡bv A_ev bvgv‡bv Qvov †Kvb kû‡i c_ Lvwj ivLvi wb‡ ©k †`qv
mg‡qi g‡a¨ (73 wbqg †`Lyb);
hvÎx‡`i DVv‡bv A_ev bvgv‡bv Qvov †h moK ywU mv`v jvBb Øviv wPý ‡`qv
Ggb wK Zvi GKwU jvBb hw` fv½vI nq;
wba©vwiZ PjvP‡ji mg‡qi g‡a¨ evm, Uªvg A_ev mvB‡Kj †j‡b|
139) PjvPjKvix c‡_i wKbvivq †hLv‡b njy` jvBb w`‡q cvK© Kiv euvav †`qv n‡q‡Q
(79 wbqg †`Lyb), A_ev jvj jvBb w`‡q †hLv‡b we‡kl wba©vwiZ (' †iW iyU Õ ˆZix Kiv
n‡q‡Q †mLv‡b Avcwb Aek¨B cvK© Ki‡eb bv| moK msjMœ Kv‡e© A_ev wbqwšÎZ
cvwK©s GjvKvq cÖ‡e‡ki c‡_ KLb G mxgve×Zv cÖ‡hvR¨ Zv †`qv Av‡Q| hw` Aby‡gvw`Z
cvwK©s Gi RvqMv cvIqv hvq Zv e¨envi Kiyb|
140) cvK© Kivi Av‡M wPš‘v Kiyb| †hLv‡b wec‡`i KviY n‡e, c_Pvix‡`i Rb¨
Amyweav n‡e A_ev Ab¨vb¨ PvjK‡`i Rb¨ Amyweav n‡e †mLv‡b Avcbvi Mvwo cvK©
Ki‡eb bv,D`vniY¯^iƒc t
dzUcv_, †cf‡g›U A_ev mvB‡Kj Pjvi c‡_i Dci;
we`¨vj‡qi cÖ‡ek c‡_i Kv‡Q;
- 24 -
evm ÷c A_ev U¨vw· ivLvi RvqMvq A_ev Dc‡i
‡j‡fj cvivcv‡ii w`‡K AMÖmi nIqvi c‡_; Aby‡gvw`Z cvwK©s‡qi RvqMv Qvov
Rsk‡bi 10 wgUv‡ii g‡a¨;
‡Kvb wUjvi Dc‡i A_ev KzR †mZzi Dc‡i;
UªvwdK Øx‡ci (hw` GUv cÖwZeÜKZv ˆZix K‡i) A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb cvK© Kiv
Mvwoi wecix‡Z;
‡hLv‡b Avcwb Ab¨ hvbevnb‡K eva¨ Ki‡eb Uªvg †j‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z;
ûBj †Pqvi e¨enviKvix‡`i Rb¨ †hLv‡b Kve© wbPz K‡i †`qv;
‡Kvb GjvKvi cÖ‡ek c‡_i mvg‡b|
141) hw` Avcwb Aby‡gvw`Z bv nb Zv n‡j we‡kl e¨enviKvix‡`i msiw¶Z RvqMvq,
†hgb Kgjv is Gi A_ev AvevwmK e¨vR enbKvix RvqMvq Avcwb Aek¨B cvK© Ki‡eb
bv|
iv‡Zi cvK© Kiv 142) hvbevnb †h w`‡K hvq Zvi wecix‡Z gyL K‡i iv‡Z Avcwb Aek¨B cvK© Ki‡eb
bv;
143) mo‡Ki Ici iv‡Z hLb Mvwo cvK© Ki‡eb Avcwb Aek¨B cv‡ki evwZ R¡vwj‡q
ivL‡eb| Z_vwc Mvwo Lvwj Ae¯’vq 1525 †KwRi D‡a© bq gvjevnx Mvwomg~n, c½y‡`i
enbKvix Mvwo Ges ‡gvUi mvB‡Kjmg~n 30 gvBj cÖwZ N›Uvq A_ev Zvi wb‡Pi MwZ‡Z
Pjvi mo‡K evwZ Qvov cvK© Kiv hv‡e hw` Zviv t
‡h †Kvb Rskb n‡Z Kgc‡¶ 10 wgUvi `~‡i, Kv‡e©i wbK‡U Ges
hvbevnb PjvP‡ji w`‡K gyL K‡i `uvovq; A_ev
‡Kvb wba©vwiZ cvwK©s‡qi RvqMvq _v‡K| Ab¨vb¨ hvbevnb, †UªBjvi Ges
mKj gvjevnx Mvoxmg~n mo‡Ki Ic‡i evwZ Qvov Aek¨B ivL‡eb bv|
Kyqvkvq cvK© Kiv 144) mo‡Ki Ici Kzqvkvq Mvox cvK© Kiv we‡klfv‡e wec`RbK| cv‡ki evwZ
R¡vwj‡q ivLyb hw` GUv Gov‡bv m¤¢e bv nq|
gvjvgvj DVv‡bv Ges bvgv‡bv 145) Kv‡e©i Ic‡i njy` wPý Øviv gvjvgvj DVv‡bv Ges bvgv‡bv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q (79
wbqg †`Lyb)| hLb cvK© Kiv mxgve× ZLb nq‡Zv gvjvgvj DVv‡bv Ges bvgv‡bvi
AbygwZ †`qv n‡Z cv‡i|
146) cywj‡ki AbygwZ Qvov mo‡Ki gvSLv‡bi msiw¶Z GjvKvq 7.5 U‡bi AwaK
(†UªBjvimn) gvjvgvj enbKvix hvbevnbmg~n Aek¨B cvK© Ki‡eb bv A_ev †hLv‡b
gvjvgvj DVv‡bv bvgv‡bvi KvR Avek¨Kxq Qvov mo‡Ki mxgvbvi Ici A_ev c‡_i Ici
ivL‡eb bv (Ggb Ae¯’vq hvbevnb Aek¨B m½xnwb †d‡j hv‡eb bv)|
moK wbg©vY KvR 147) moK wbg©vY Kv‡R we‡kl mZK© _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| moK wbg©vY Kv‡Ri w`‡K
AMÖmi nevi c~‡e© wPýmg~n, ms‡KZmg~‡ni cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiyb (78 wbqg †`Lyb)| Avcbvi
Avqbvmg~n cix¶v Kiyb Ges Avcbvi Mvwoi Rb¨ mgq _vK‡Z wbwðZ †j‡b hvb| jvB‡b
`uvov‡bv Mvwo¸‡jv Ifvi‡UK Kivi Rb¨ GK †jb n‡Z Ab¨ †j‡b hv‡eb bv A_ev UªvwdK
k¼z (cone) w`‡q eÜ Kiv GjvKvq Pvjv‡eb bv|
148) A¯’vqx MwZmxgv Avcwb Aek¨B AwZµg Ki‡eb bv|
weKj nIqv Ges yN©Ubvmg~n 149) hw` Avcbvi Mvwo weKj nq, cÖ_‡g PjvPjKvix hvbevn‡bi K_v wPš‘v Kiyb|
m¤¢e n‡j Avcbvi MvwowU mo‡Ki evB‡i wb‡q Avmyb|
150) hw` Avcbvi Mvwo cÖwZeÜKZvi KviY nq, Aci PvjK‡`i mZK© Kivi Rb¨
wec` mZK©xKiY Av‡jv e¨envi Kiyb| hw` Avcwb jvj mZK©xKiY (GKwU Z…-‡KvY
cÖwZdjK) enb K‡ib, Kgc‡¶ 50 wgUvi (164 dzU) cÖwZeÜKZvi c~‡e© mo‡Ki GKB
w`‡K Zv ’vcb Kiyb Ges (‡gvUiI‡q msiw¶Z GjvKvi Dci 150 wgUvi `~‡i)
cÖwZeÜKZvi c~‡e© GKB w`‡K mo‡Ki Ici ’vcb Kiyb| iv‡Z A_ev Lvivc `„wó‡MvPi
Ae¯’vq hvbevn‡bi †cQ‡b `uvov‡eb bv A_ev KvD‡KI `vuov‡Z AbygwZ †`‡eb bv, KviY
Avcwb Ab¨vb¨ PvjK‡`i †cQ‡bi evwZ †`L‡Z Avovj Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
- 25 -
151) hw` mo‡Ki Ici †Kvb wKQy Avcbvi Mvwo n‡Z c‡o hvq Zv n‡j _vgyb Ges
wbivc‡` hZ kxNª m¤¢e GUv PjvPjKvix c_ n‡Z AcmviY Kiyb (†gvUiI‡qi Rb¨ 178
wbqg †`Lyb)|
152) hw` Avcwb mZK©xKiY wPýmg~n Ges Riyix Kv‡Ri hvbevn‡bi Av‡jv SjKv‡Z
†`L‡Z cvb A_ev hvbevnb Lye ax‡i Pj‡Q A_ev _vg‡Q, Zv n‡j g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡ib
†mLv‡b nq‡Zv †Kvb `yN©Ubv N‡U‡Q| MwZ Kgvb Ges _vgv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z _vKzb|
yN©Ubv ’j cvi nevi mgq Ab¨gb¯‹ n‡eb bv; AvcwbI `yN©Ubvi KviY n‡Z cv‡ib|
153) hw` Avcwb `yN©Ubvq c‡ob A_ev `yN©Ubvq c‡o‡Qb Ggb KvD‡KI mvnvh¨
Kivi Rb¨ _v‡gb t
Ab¨vb¨ hvbevnb‡K mZK© Kiyb, †hgb wec` mZK©xKiY Av‡jv R¡vwj‡q|
PvjK‡`i ejyb Zv‡`i BwÄb eÜ Ki‡Z Ges cÖ¾wjZ wmMv‡iU wbwf‡q
†dj‡Z;
yN©Ubvi RvqMv Ges nZvn‡Zi c~Y© eY©bv w`‡q Riƒix KZ©„c¶‡K
ZvovZvwo WvKvi e¨e ’v Kiyb| gUiI‡q‡Z n‡j Riyix †Uwj‡dvb
e¨envi Kiƒb|
Av¸b jvMvi A_ev we‡ùvi‡Yi m¤¢vebv bv _vK‡j AvnZ‡`i Zv‡`i
Mvwoi †fZi n‡Z miv‡eb bv| cÖ‡qvRb bv n‡j †gvUi mvB‡Kj
Pvj‡Ki †nj‡gU miv‡eb bv | 95, 96 Ges 97 c„ôvq †`Lv‡bv
cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv †`qvi Rb¨ cÖ ‘Z _vKzb;
AvnZ‡`i hvbevn‡bi †fZi n‡Z wbivc` ¯’v‡b wb‡q Avmyb|
gUiI‡q‡Z GB wbivc` ’vb PjvPjKvix c_ n‡Z ~‡i euv w`‡Ki
msiw¶Z GjvKvq Ges †K›`ªxq msiw¶Z GjvKvq;
hZ¶Y ch©š‘ Riyix e¨e¯’vw` AvMgb bv K‡i ZZ¶Y w¯’i _vKzb|
wec¾bK gvjcÎmn yN©Ubv 154) c¨v‡KU fwZ© wec¾bK gvjcÎ enbKvix hvbevnbmg~n Kgjv i‡Oi
cÖwZdjbKvix djK Øviv wPwýZ n‡e| moK U¨vsK Kb‡Ubbvi enbKvix hvbevnbmg~‡n
wec`¾bK mZK©xKiY djK †`qv _vK‡e (81 wbqg †`Lyb)| hw` wec`¾bK cY¨evnx
hvbevnb `yN©Ubvq cwZZ nq 153 wbqg AbymiY Kiyb Ges we‡kl K‡i t
BwÄb eÜ Kiƒb Ges aygcvb Ki‡eb bv;
AvnZ e¨w³‡`i hvbevnb n‡Z eû `~‡i ivLyb Ges Ggb RvqMvq †hLv‡b
evZvm wec¾bK ªe¨mvgMÖx Zv‡`i w`‡K Dwo‡q bv Av‡b| GgbwK
Avcwb hw` †Kvb Rxeb i¶v Ki‡Z DϨZ nb, mZK© _vKzb hv‡Z Avcwb
wb‡RI ¶wZMÖ¯’ bv nb;
‡j‡ej Ges Ab¨vb¨ wPýmg~n m¤c‡K© Riyix KZ©„c¶‡K hZ †ekx m¤¢e
Z_¨ mieivn Kiƒb|
‡gvUiI‡qmg~n
Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK wbqgmg~n †gvUiI‡q Mvwo Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ m¤c~Y© A_ev AvswkKfv‡e
cÖ‡hvR¨ t †hgb wbqgmg~n 28-35, 39-49, 51, 52, 54, 56-62, 76-78, 87, 89-
91, 94, 95, 131-136, 138, 147-150, 152-154 Ges 213|
mvaviY 155) c_Pvix, cÖwfkbvj jvB‡mÝavix, 50 wmwmi wb‡P †gvUi mvB‡Kj Av‡ivnx,
mvB‡Kj Av‡ivnx Ges Ak¦v‡ivnxMY Aek¨B †gvUiI‡q e¨envi Ki‡eb bv| axi MwZi
hvbevnb, K…wl Kv‡R e¨eüZ hvbevnb Ges wKQy msL¨K cs¸ enbKvix hvbevnbmg~nI
wbwl× (88 c„ôvq †`Lyb)|
156) mvaviY mo‡Ki †P‡q †gvUiI‡q UªvwdK AwZ `ªyZ PjvPj K‡i myZivs Avcbv‡K
ZvovZvwo wPš‘v Ki‡Z n‡e| Ab¨vb¨ mo‡Ki †P‡q †gvUiI‡q‡Z c~e© †_‡KB
Avqbvmg~‡ni e¨envi Ges eû ~i ch©š‘ mvg‡b †`‡L †bqv we‡kl fv‡e ¸iƒZ¡c~Y©|
157) wbwðZ †nvb †h Avcbvi Mvwo Dchy³ `ªƒZMwZm¤cbœ Ges †gvUiI‡q‡Z
Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ PvKvq wbwðZ nvIqv †`qv Ges ch©vß †c‡Uªvj, †Zj Ges cvwb Av‡Q
Kgc‡¶ Avcbv‡K cieZ©x mvwf©m GjvKv ch©š‘ wb‡q †h‡Z| evZvmevnx M¨vm, Rvbvjv,
Avqbv, evwZmg~n Ges cÖwZdjK¸‡jv cwi¯‹vi Ges evZvmevnx M −vm cwi¯‹vi Kivi
†evZ‡j cvwb fwZ© Av‡Q †`‡L wbb| Avcbv‡K Aek¨B wbwðZ n‡Z n‡e †h, †K †Kvb
†evSv enb Kiv A_ev †U‡b wb‡q hvIqv wbivc`|
- 26 -
‡gvUiI‡q‡Z wgwjZ nIqv
158) hLb Avcwb ‡gvUiI‡q‡Z wgwjZ n‡eb mvavibZ euv w`‡Ki moK n‡Z AMÖmi
n‡eb (cvk¦© moK n‡Z)| BwZg‡a¨B †h UªvwdK †gvUiI‡q‡Z Av‡Q Avcbv‡K Zv‡`i c_
w`‡Z n‡e| hLb Avcwb cvk¦© mo‡K ZLb †h UªvwdK BwZg‡a¨B †gvUiI‡q‡Z Av‡Q
Zv‡`i cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiƒb| Avcbvi MwZ wgwj‡q wbb hv‡Z evu w`‡Ki †j‡bi mv‡_ wgwjZ
n‡Z cv‡ib †hLv‡b wbivc` k~b¨¯’vb Av‡Q Ges GKB MwZ‡Z †hgb H †j‡b
ågYKvix‡`i mgvb nq|
159) ‡gvUiI‡qi AwZwi³ †jb wn‡m‡e wKQy Rsk‡b cvk¦© moK `xN©Zi n‡Z cv‡i|
†hLv‡b moK wPý G Ae¯’vi wb‡`©k w`‡e †mLv‡b H †j‡b _vKzb hZ¶Y ch©š‘ Zv
†gvUiI‡qi Ask bv nq|
160) ‡gvUiI‡q wgwjZ nIqvi c‡i Ifvi‡UK Kivi c~‡e© Uªvwd‡Ki MwZi mv‡_
Af¨ ‘ nIqvi Rb¨ ch©vß `xN© c_ euv w`‡Ki †j‡b _vKzb|
‡gvUiI‡qi Ic‡i
161) hLb Avcwb eû`~i ch©š‘ mvg‡b †`L‡Z cv‡ib Ges mo‡Ki Ae ’v fvj ZLb
Avcwb Ges Avcbvi Mvwo mn‡R wbqšÎY Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb w¯’wZkxj MwZ‡Z Pvjvb|
Avcwb Aek¨B Avcbvi Mvwoi Rb¨ m‡ev©PP MwZ mxgv AwZµg Ki‡eb bv (c„ôv 68
†`Lyb)| mvg‡bi Mvwo n‡Z wbivc` `~iZ¡ eRvq ivLyb Ges †fRv, eidc~Y© A_ev
Kzqvkvq k~b¨ ¯’vb †ekx ivLyb (57-58 wbqg¸‡jv †`Lyb) |
162) `xN© c_ Mvwo Pvjv‡j Avcbvi Nyg Avm‡Z cv‡i| GB Ae¯’vq Nyg cÖwZ‡iv‡ai
Rb¨ wbwðZ †nvb †h, Avcbvi Mvwoi †fZ‡i ch©vß weï× evZvm Av‡Q| Avcwb cwi‡ekb
GjvKvq wM‡q _vgyb A_ev †gvUiI‡q n‡Z †ei †nvb Ges _vgv‡bvi Rb¨ wbivc` ’vb
†`Lyb|
163) Avcwb Aek¨B †cQ‡bi w`‡K Pvjv‡eb bv, ga¨eZ©x msiw¶Z GjvKv AwZµg
Ki‡eb bv A_ev Uªvwd‡Ki wecix‡Z Pvjv‡eb bv| cieZ©x †ei nIqvi c_ ch©š‘ †h‡Z
_vKzb GgbwK Avcwb hw` Avcbvi †ei nIqvi c_ f~j K‡ib A_ev f~j c_ wb‡q
_v‡Kb|
‡j‡bi k„sLjv 164) Ifvi‡UK Kiv e¨ZxZ euv w`‡Ki †j‡b _vKzb| Avcwb Wvb w`‡Ki †jb e¨envi
Ki‡Z cv‡ib hw` euv w`‡Ki †j‡b wb¤§ MwZi hvbevnb‡K Ifvi‡UK Ki‡Z nq wKš‘ euv
w`‡Ki †j‡b Avevi wd‡i Avm‡eb hLb Avcwb Zv‡`i AwZµg K‡i hv‡eb|
165) hLb Rsk‡bi w`‡K AMÖmi n‡eb wbwðZ †nvb †h Avcwb mwVK †j‡b Av‡Qb|
†Kvb †Kvb Rsk‡b GKwU †jb Av‡Q hv †gvUiI‡q n‡Z mivmwi †ei n‡q †M‡Q|
166) wKQy wKQy hvbevnb wZb A_ev Zvi AwaK †j‡bi †gvUiI‡q, Wvb w`‡Ki †jb
Aek¨B e¨envi Ki‡eb bv (80 c„ôvq †`Lyb)|
Ifvi‡UwKs 167) ïay Wvb w`K w`‡q Ifvi‡UK Kiƒb, hw` bv UªvwdK jvBb w`‡q P‡j Ges Avcbvi
Wvb w`‡Ki UªvwdK Avcbvi †P‡qI axi MwZ‡Z P‡j| Ifvi‡UK Kivi Rb¨ KLbI evu
w`‡Ki †jb n‡Z AMÖmi n‡eb bv| Ifvi‡U‡Ki Rb¨ Aek¨B msiw¶Z GjvKv e¨envi
Ki‡eb bv|
168) hw` Avcwb wbwðZ wbivc` g‡b bv K‡ib KLbI Ifvi‡UK Ki‡eb bv|
Ifvi‡UK ïiƒ Kivi c~‡e© Avcwb wbwðZ †nvb †h, †h †j‡b Avcwb wgwjZ n‡eb Zv
†cQ‡b Ges mvg‡b eû`~i ch©š‘ Lvwj| Avcbvi Avqbvmg~n e¨envi Kiƒb| g‡b ivL‡eb
†cQb n‡Z UªvwdK nq‡Zv A‡bK †ekx MwZ‡Z Avm‡Q| Ifvi‡UK Kivi c~‡e© ms‡KZ
w`b| iv‡Zi †ejv Ges Lvivc `„wó †MvPi Ae¯’vq we‡klfv‡e mZK© †nvb, hLb MwZ Ges
`~iZ¡ wePvi Kiv AwaK KwVb|
- 27 -
169) Ifvi‡UK Kivi c‡i me mgq euv w`‡Ki †j‡b wd‡i Avmyb, hw` GUv `Lj Kiv
_v‡K Zv n‡j hZ ZvovZvwo m¤¢e gvSLv‡bi †j‡b wd‡i Avmyb| †jb cwieZ©‡bi B‡PQ
_vK‡j ms‡KZ w`b| †h MvwowU Ifvi‡UK Ki‡Qb Zvi Lye wbKU mvg‡b w`‡q †j‡b
XyK‡eb bv|
g‡b ivL‡eb t Avqbvmg~n-ms‡KZ-wbqšÎY †gvUiI‡q ms‡KZmg~n 170) mvg‡b wec` m¤c‡K© Avcbv‡K mZK© Kivi Rb¨ †gvUiI‡q ms‡KZmg~n (69
c„ôvq †`Lyb) e¨envi Kiv nq, D`vniY ^iƒc t yN©Ubv A_ev wcQwj‡q hvIqv| mvaviYZ
t ms‡KZ¸‡jv gvSLv‡bi msiw¶Z GjvKvq _v‡K hv me †j‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨| Lye e¨¯‘
mo‡K G ms‡KZ¸‡jv gv_vi Ic‡ii w`‡K cÖ‡Z¨KwU †j‡bi Rb¨ †`qv _vK‡Z cv‡i|
171) ‡hLv‡b wec` Av‡Q †mLv‡b cxZvf evwZ SjKv‡Z _vK‡e| ms‡KZmg~n nq‡Zv
A¯’vqx m‡e©vPP MwZ gvÎv, †Kvb †jbwU eÜ A_ev †Kvb msev` †`Lv‡e (†hgb ÕfogÕ)|
SjKv‡PQ bv Ggb GKwU ms‡KZ AwZµg bv Kiv ch©š‘ Avcbvi MwZ Kgvb Ges
wec‡`i cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiƒb| wbwðZ †nvb †h Avcbvi MwZ evov‡bv wbivc`|
172) Avcbvi †j‡b gv_vi Dc‡ii ms‡K‡Z hw` jvj evwZ SjKv‡Z _v‡K (nq‡Zv
A‡bK mgq jvj X) †mB †j‡b ms‡K‡Zi c‡i Avcwb Aek¨B Avi hv‡eb bv| hw`
gvSLv‡bi msiw¶Z ms‡KZ †`qvi GjvKvq A_ev cvk¦© mo‡K jvj evwZ SjKv‡Z _v‡K
Zv n‡j ms‡K‡Zi c‡i Avcwb Avi †Kvb †j‡b Aek¨B hv‡eb bv|
173) mKj ai‡bi ms‡KZmg~n Avcbv‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨| me mgq ms‡KZ hv e‡j
ZvB Kiƒb| g‡b ivL‡eb wec‡`i K_v, GgbwK hw`I Avcwb Zvr¶wYK wec‡`i KviY
†`L‡Qb bv|
moK ÷vWm (studs) Ges wPýmg~n 174) iv‡Zi †ejv PvjK‡`i mvnv‡h¨i Rb¨ Wvb w`‡Ki mxgvbvq cxZvf is Gi
÷vWm, euv w`‡Ki mxgvbvq jvj ÷vWm Ges †gvUiI‡q n‡Z cvk¦© moK Avjv`v Kivi
Rb¨ meyR ÷vWm †`qv Av‡Q| †gvUiI‡qi †jb fvM Kivi Rb¨ mv`v ÷vW¸‡jv †`qv|
175) ‡Kvb †Kvb †gvUiI‡q w`K wb‡ ©kKvix wPý¸‡jv mo‡Ki Dci †`qv _v‡K| hw`
Avcbvi †jb cwieZ©b Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq, mgq _vK‡Z Kiƒb|
Kyqvkv 176) hLb Kzqvkvi g‡a¨ Mvwo Pvjv‡eb Kzqvkvi ms‡KZ †g‡b Pjyb (58 wbqg
†`Lyb)|
moK wewbg©vY KvR 177) moK wewbg©v‡Yi RvqMvq we‡kl fv‡e mZK© _vKzb (147 - 148 wbqg †`Lyb)|
GKwU A_ev GKvwaK †jb eÜ _vK‡Z cv‡i Ges wb¤§ MwZmxgv cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡Z cv‡i|
mvg‡bi Mvwo n‡Z wbivc` `~i‡Z¡ _vKzb (57 wbqg †`Lyb)|
evav wecwË 178) yN©Ubvi KviY n‡Z cv‡i Ggb wKQy hw` Avcbvi Mvwo n‡Z A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb
Mvwo n‡Z cv‡o hvq, Zv n‡j cywjk‡K ejvi Rb¨ cieZ©x Riƒix †Uwj‡dv‡bi wbKU
_vgyb| Avcwb wb‡R mivevi †Póv Ki‡eb bv|
_vgv‡bv Ges cvwK©s 179) Avcwb Aek¨B _vgv‡eb bv t
Riƒix Ae¯’v Qvov;
Riƒix wPý A_ev SjKv‡bv jvj evwZi ms‡KZmg~n Ges cywj‡ki
wb‡ ©k Qvov|
180) Avcwb Aek¨B cvK© Ki‡eb bv t
PjvPjKvix c‡_i Ici;
cvk¦© mo‡Ki Ici;
- 28 -
evu w`‡Ki msiw¶Z GjvKvi Ici;
gvSLv‡bi msiw¶Z GjvKi Ici|
181) cvk¦© mo‡K A_ev †gvUiI‡qi ‡h †Kvb As‡k Avcwb Aek¨B KvD‡KI Mvwo‡Z
DVv‡eb bv A_ev bvgv‡eb bv|
182) Riƒix Ae¯’v Qvov Avcwb Aek¨B PjvPjKvix c‡_i Ici nvU‡eb bv|
weKj n‡q cov 183) hw` Avcbvi Mvwo‡Z Amyweav †`Lv †`q Zv n‡j cieZ©x †ei nevi c_ w`‡q
†gvUiI‡q Z¨vM Kiƒb A_ev †Kvb mvwf©m GjvKvq wb‡q Avmyb| hw` Avcwb Zv Ki‡Z bv
cv‡ib, Zv n‡j
Avcbvi DwPZ t
Riƒix †Uwj‡dv‡bi wbKU _vgv‡bv (msiw¶Z GjvKvq GK gvBj ci ci
G¸‡jv cv‡eb);
msiw¶Z GjvKvi Ici wbb Ges Avcbvi c‡¶ hZ`~i m¤¢e evu w`‡K wM‡q
_vgvb;
Avcbvi wec` mZK©xKiY evwZ ¸‡jv Pvjy Kiv;
hw` AÜKvi nq A_ev `„wó‡MvPi Ae¯’v Lvivc nq Zv n‡j cv‡ki
evwZ¸‡jvI Pvjy ivLv;
Mvwo n‡Z evu w`‡Ki `iRv w`‡q †ei nIqv Ges †`Lyb Avcbvi hvÎxivI †hb
ZvB K‡ib (†h †Kvb RxeRš‘ Mvwoi †fZ‡iB ivLyb);
j¶¨ ivLv †hb hvÎxiv Mvwoi wbK‡U _v‡Kb wKš‘ PjvPjKvix c_ I
msiw¶Z GjvKv n‡Z A‡bK `~‡i Ges wkï‡`i Dci c~Y© wbqšÎY _v‡K;
Riƒix †Uwj‡dv‡bi w`‡K nvUv (msiw¶Z GjvKvi cv‡k LywUi Dci Zxi wPý
AbymiY Kiƒb), GUv webv g~‡j¨ e¨envi Kiv hvq Ges mivmwi cywj‡ki mv‡_
mshy³| cywj‡ki wbKU c~Y© weeiY †`qv, Zv‡`i Kv‡Q ejv hw` Avcwb gwnjv
nb Ges GKv ågY K‡ib Zvici Mvwo‡Z wd‡i Avmv;
Avcbvi Mvwoi wbK‡U _vKv wKš‘ PjvPjKvix c_ Ges msiw¶Z GjvKv n‡Z
A‡bK `~‡i | hw` evB‡i _vKv SzuwKc~Y© g‡b nq Zv n‡j evu w`‡Ki `iRv
w`‡q Avcbvi Mvwo‡Z wd‡i Avmv Ges me `iRv eÜ Kiv| hLbB wec` gy³
g‡b K‡ib Avcbvi Mvwo n‡Z evB‡i Avmv|
hw` Avcbvi Mvwo msiw¶Z GjvKvq wb‡q †h‡Z bv cv‡ib , Zv n‡j :
Mvwoi wec` mZK©xKiY evwZ¸‡jv R¡vwj‡q w`b;
ïay ZLbB Mvwo n‡Z †ei †nvb hLb Avcwb wbwðZ nb †h PjvPjKvix c_
wbivc‡` cvi n‡Z cvi‡eb;
hw` m‡›`n _v‡K Zv n‡j Riƒix mvwf©‡mi Mvwo bv Avmv ch©š‘ Mvwoi
†fZ‡i Avm‡bi †eë †eu‡a A‡c¶v Kiƒb|
PjvPjKvix c‡_i Dci Z…-‡KvY ¯’vc‡bi †Póv Ki‡eb bv|
hw` cÖwZeÜxZvi Kvi‡b Avcwb Dc‡ii Dc‡`k¸‡jv †g‡b Pj‡Z AcviM
nb, Zv n‡j :
mKj `iRv eÜ K‡i Avcbvi Mvwo‡ZB _vKzb;
wec` mZK©xKiY evwZ¸‡jv †R¡‡j w`b;
ÕHelpÕ kãwU wj‡L cª`k©b Kiƒb A_ev Mvwo‡Z †Uwj‡dvb _vK‡j
Riƒix mvwf©‡mi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Kiƒb|
GgbwK mvaviY †Kvb †givgZ Kv‡Ri Rb¨I †Póv Ki‡eb bv Ges g‡b
ivL‡eb †gvUiI‡q cvi nevi Rb¨ Avcwb Aek¨B †hb †Póv bv K‡ib|
184) PjvPjKvix c‡_i mv‡_ wgwjZ nevi c~‡e© msiw¶Z GjvKvi Ici MwZ e„w×
Kiƒb Ges Uªvwd‡Ki gv‡S k~b¨ ¯’vc‡bi cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiƒb|
‡gvUiI‡q Z¨vM Kiv 185) hw` †Kvb wPý wb‡`©k bv K‡i †h, †jbwU mivmwi †gvUiI‡q †ei nevi Rb¨ Zv
n‡j Avcbvi euv w`‡Ki cvk¦©moK w`‡q †ei †nvb| wPý mg~‡ni cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiƒb hv
Avcbv‡K Rvbv‡e †h Avcwb Avcbvi †ei nevi c‡_i wbK‡U hv‡PQb| †ei nevi A‡bK
Av‡M n‡ZB evu w`‡Ki †j‡b Avmyb hw` Avcwb euv w`‡Ki †j‡b bv _vK‡j Ges H †j‡bB
_vKzb| mgq _vK‡Z evu w`‡K †Nvivi ms‡KZ w`b Ges MwZ Kgv‡Z _vKzb|
- 29 -
186) hLb †gvUiI‡q Z¨vM Ki‡Z _vK‡eb A_ev †Kvb ms‡hvM moK e¨envi Ki‡Z
hv‡eb hLb Avcbvi MwZ Avcbvi aviYvi PvB‡Z †ekx n‡Z cv‡i- 80 wK.wg. cÖwZ N›Uvq
Abyfe Ki‡Z cv‡ib 48 wK.wg. cÖwZ N›Uvq| ¯cxW wgUvi †`Lyb Ges Abyiƒcfv‡e MwZ
wgwj‡q wbb| †Kvb †Kvb cvk¦© moK Ges ms‡hvM moKmg~‡n Zxh©K euvK Av‡Q myZivs
Avcbv‡K MwZ Kgv‡Z n‡e|
mvB‡Kj PvjK‡`i Rb¨ AwZwi³ wbqgmg~n
Avcbvi Dchy³ mvB‡Kj
wbe©vPb Ges †`Lvïbv Kiv 187) Avivg Ges wbivcËvi Rb¨ wbwðZ AvKv‡ii mvB‡Kj wbe©vPb Kiƒb|
188) wbwðZ †nvb †h :
evwZ Ges cªwZdjK¸‡jv cwi¯‹vi Ges KvR K‡i Ggb fvj Ae ’vq Av‡Q;
PvKv¸‡jv fvj Ae ’vq Av‡Q Ges mvB‡Kj cÖ ‘ZkviK‡`i Dc‡`k gZ evZvm
fwZ©;
‡eªK Ges wMqvi¸‡jv wbwðZ fv‡e KvR K‡i;
‡PBb wbwðZfv‡e jvMv‡bv Ges ‡Zj †`qv;
wbwðZ DPPZvq AvmbwU emv‡bv Av‡Q |
189) mvB‡K‡j †ej jvMvb Ges Ab¨vb¨ moK e¨enviKvix‡K mZ©K Kivi Rb¨ GUv
e¨envi Kiƒb, we‡kl K‡i AÜ Ges AvswkKfv‡e AÜ c_Pvix‡`i Avcbvi Dcw¯’wZ
Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨|
wbivcËv miÄvg Ges †cvlvKmg~n 190) Aby‡gvw`Z wbivcËvi gvb Abyhvqx mvB‡Kj †nj‡gU cwiavb Kiƒb| mvB‡Kj
Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ Dchy³ †cvlvK wbe©vPb Kiƒb| ‡PBb A_ev PvKvi mv‡_ Rov‡Z cv‡i
Ggb †cvlvK ev j¤^v †KvU© Gwo‡q Pjyb| nvjKv iw½b A_ev †d¬v‡iv‡m›U †cvlvK w`‡bi
†ejv Ges Lvivc `„wó‡MvPi Ae¯’vq Avcbv‡K †`L‡Z Ab¨vb¨ moK e¨enviKvix‡K
mvnvh¨ K‡i|
191) ivw·ejv Avcbv‡K Aek¨B mvg‡b Ges †cQ‡b evwZ I †cQ‡b GKwU jvj
cÖwZdjK e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| ivw·ejv Avcbv‡K †`Lvi Rb¨ cÖwZdjK e ‘ †hgb
†eë, nvZ Ges cv eÜbx, PvKvi cÖwZdjK I †¯cmvi cZvKv mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡bv 192) Avcbv‡K Aek¨B UªvwdK wPýmg~n Ges UªvwdK Av‡jvi ms‡KZ gvb‡Z n‡e
(69, 73 Ges 74 c„ôv †`Lyb) Avcwb Aek¨B †cf‡g‡›Ui Dci mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡eb bv|
193) Pvjv‡Z ïiƒ Kivi c~‡e© me mgq Pviw`‡K †`‡L wbb Ges wbwðZ †nvb †h,
wKbviv n‡Z m‡i hvIqv wbivc`| AZtci Ab¨vb¨ moK e¨enviKx‡K †`Lv‡bv Rb¨ nvZ
Øviv cwi¯‹vi ms‡KZ w`b, Avcwb wK Ki‡Z Pvb|
194) mo‡K mvg‡b eû `~i ch©š‘ cÖwZeÜKZv Av‡Q wKbv †`‡L wbb †hgb - b`©vgv,
miƒ MZ© Ges cvK© Kiv Mvwo , †hb G¸‡jv Gov‡Z nVvr Avcbv‡K †eu‡K †h‡Z bv nq|
cvK© Kiv Mvwo AwZµg Kivi mgq ch©vß RvqMv ivLyb Ges Avcbvi c‡_i w`‡K `iRv
†Lvjv wKbv j¶¨ Kiƒb|
195) moK nv¤cmg~n, moK miƒ Kivi RvqMv Ges Ab¨vb¨ UªvwdK wbqb·Yi
AK…wZmg~n j¶¨ Kiƒb| G me Gov‡Z mo‡Ki wKbvivq b`©gvi cv‡k Pvjv‡eb bv |
196) Ggb RvqMvq mvB‡Kj †i‡L hv‡eb bv †hLv‡b Ab¨vb¨ c_Pvix‡`i Rb¨ wec‡`i
KviY A_ev evav n‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY ^iƒc - †hgb †cf‡g‡›Ui Dc‡i †d‡j ivLv|
- 30 -
moK Rskb 197) Avcbvi mvg‡b w`‡q cv‡ki moK n‡Z A_ev †m w`‡K mvB‡Kj †gvo Nyi‡Q
wKbv j¶¨ Kiƒb| †h mKj hvbevnb evu w`‡K †Nvivi Rb¨ MwZ Kgv‡PQ Zv‡`i Ifvi‡UK
Ki‡eb bv| eo AvKv‡ii hvbevn‡bi cÖwZ we‡klfv‡e j¶¨ ivLyb hv‡`i mo‡Ki evu‡K
†gvo Nyiv‡Z †ekx RvqMv cÖ‡qvRb Ges nq‡Zv Wvb w`‡K †h‡Z n‡Z cv‡i evu w`‡K
†Nvivi Rb¨| Zviv wbqšÎY †kl bv Kiv ch©š‘ A‡c¶v Kiƒb|
198) Avcbvi †cQb w`‡Ki hvbevn‡bi cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiƒb hLb Wvb w`‡K Nyi‡eb,
ms‡KZ w`b Ges hLb wbivc` g‡b Ki‡eb mo‡Ki gvSLv‡b Avmyb| †gvo †Nviv †kl
Kivi c~‡e© hvbevn‡bi g‡a¨ wbivc` k~b¨ ’vb bv nIqv ch©š‘ A‡c¶v Kiƒb| wbivc` k~b¨
’vb bv nIqv ch©š‘ evu w`‡K A‡c¶v Kiv A_ev mvB‡Kj n‡Z †b‡g †nu‡U moK cvi
nIqv nq‡Zv wbivc`|
ms‡KZ wbqwšÎZ Rskb 199) mvB‡Kj PvjK‡`i Rb¨ I moK ms‡KZ cÖ‡hvR¨ | hLb evwZ jvj ZLb Avcwb
mo‡K AvovAvwo †`qv ÷c jvBb Aek¨B Awµg Ki‡eb bv| †Kvb †Kvb Rsk‡b AvMvg
÷c jvBb †`qv Av‡Q hv Ab¨vvb¨ PvjK‡`i Av‡M mvB‡Kj PvjK‡`i _vgv‡Z my‡hvM
†`q| G¸‡jv e¨envi Kiƒb †hLv‡b †`qv Av‡Q|
‡MvjP°img~n 200) ‡MvjP°img~‡n 123-128 ch©š‘ wbwðZ wbqg ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q wKš‘ evu w`K
w`‡q AMÖmi n‡Z Ges †MvjP°‡ii wfZ‡i evu w`‡K _vKv wbivc` g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
hw` Avcwb evu w`‡K _v‡Kb, we‡kl fv‡e mZK© _vKzb hLb †MvjP°i †_‡K †ei nIqvi
mo‡Ki wbKU Pvjv‡eb ZLb Wvb w`‡K ms‡KZ w`b †h Avcwb †ei n‡q hv‡PQb bv |
hvbevn‡bi cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiƒb hviv Avcbvi c_ AwZµg Ki‡Q A_ev †MvjP°‡i wgwjZ
n‡PQ|
201) ‡MvjP°‡ii †fZ‡i eo hvbevn‡bi cÖwZ j¶¨ ivLyb| Zv‡`i wbqšÎ‡Yi Rb¨
AwaK RvqMv cÖ‡qvRb | hZ¶Y ch©š‘ Zviv †MvjP°i †Q‡o bv hvq ZZ¶Y A‡c¶v Kiv
wbivc`|
202) hw` †MvjP°i e¨envi Ki‡Z wbwðZ bv nb Zv n‡j mvB‡Kj n‡Z bvgyb Ges
mvB‡Kj wb‡q †cf‡g‡›Ui Dci A_ev wKbviv w`‡q †nu‡U cvi †nvb|
evm †jbmg~n 203) hw` wPýmg~‡ni g‡a¨ mvB‡K‡ji cÖZxK _v‡K ïay ZLbB evm †jb e¨envi
Ki‡Z cv‡ib| evm Ifvi‡UK Kivi mgq A_ev †jb Z¨vM Kivi mgq Lye mZK© _vK‡eb
KviY Avcwb e¨¯Z hvbevnb PjvP‡ji mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡PQb|
‰ØZ PjvPjKvix moKmg~n 204) ‡hLv‡b UªvwdK evwZi ms‡KZ †bB †mLv‡b we‡klfv‡e mZK© _vKzb hLb ‰ØZ
PjvPjKvix moK cvi n‡eb A_ev †gvo †b‡eb| wbivc` k~b¨ ’v‡bi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Kiƒb
Ges cÖwZwU PjvPjKvix c_ Avjv`vfv‡e cvi †nvb| g‡b ivL‡eb AwaKvsk ˆØZ
PjvPjKvix mo‡K UªvwdK ªyZ PjvPj K‡i|
mvB‡Kj †jb Ges UªvKmg~n 205) ‡hLv‡b m¤¢e mvB‡Kj †jb Ges UªvKmg~n e¨envi Kiƒb| Zviv Avcbvi hvÎv
wbivc` Ges ªyZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
206) GKUvbv A_ev fv½v mv`v jvBb Øviv mvB‡Kj †jb wPý †`qv (94 wbqg
†`Lyb)| †j‡bi †fZ‡i _vKzb Ges cvk n‡Z †Kvb hvbevnb †gvo wb‡PQ wKbv j¶¨
Kiƒb|
207) mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡bvi †jb¸‡jv moK n‡Z ~‡i Aew¯’Z | †hLv‡b dzUcv‡_i mv‡_
mvB‡Kj Pvjvevi c_ †mLv‡b Avcwb Aek¨B mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡bvi c‡_i g‡a¨ _vK‡eb|
c_Pvix‡`i cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiƒb we‡kl K‡i e„× Ges cÖwZeÜx ‡jvKR‡bi cÖwZ hviv dzUcv_
A_ev mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡bvi c_ AwZµg Ki‡Qb|
208) mo‡Ki wecixZ w`‡Ki mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡bvi c_ †Kvb †Kvb mgq ms‡KZ
cvivcv‡ii mv‡_ mshy³ _v‡K hw` cvivcviwU ïay mvB‡Kj PvjK‡`i Rb¨ nq Zvn‡j
Avcwb mvB‡Kj Pvwj‡q cvi n‡Z cv‡ib wKš‘ hZ¶Y ch©š‘ meyR mvB‡Kj wPý bv
‡`Lv‡e, Avcwb Aek¨B cvi n‡eb bv| †Kvb †cwj‡Kb cvivcv‡i mvB‡Kj Pvwj‡q cvi
n‡eb bv|
- 31 -
wbivc‡` mvB‡K‡j Pov 209) hLb mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡eb :
hLb ms‡KZ w`‡eb ev wMqvi cwieZ©b Ki‡eb, GUv e¨ZxZ me mgq `y
nvZ n¨v‡Ûjev‡ii Dci ivL‡eb;
`y cv †cWv‡ji Dci ivLyb;
`y R‡bi †ekx cvkvcvwk mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡eb bv;
mvB‡Kj Pvjvevi c‡_, †j‡b Ges miƒ mo‡K hvbevnb PjvPj Ki‡j
GK jvB‡b Pvjvb;
‡Kvb hvbevn‡bi Lye wbKU †cQ‡b Pvjv‡eb bv;
Avcbvi fvimvg¨ bó K‡i A_ev PvKv I †PB‡bi mv‡_ Rwo‡q †h‡Z
cv‡i Ggb wKQy enb Ki‡eb bv|
210) Avcbvi mvB‡Kj †Kvb hvÎx enb Kivi Rb¨ A_ev mn‡hvMx Kivi Rb¨ ˆZix
Kiv bv n‡j Avcwb Aek¨B KvD‡K enb Ki‡eb bv|
211) g`¨ cvb K‡i A_ev WªvM Gi †bkvMÖ ’ Ae¯’vq Avcwb Aek¨B mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡eb
bv|
cÖvYxmg~n
mvaviY
212) Avcbvi KzKzi‡K GKvwK evB‡i †h‡Z w`‡eb bv| hLb evB‡i nvuUv‡Z wb‡q
hv‡eb A_ev †Kvb mo‡Ki wbK‡U ev mvB‡Kj PvjK‡`i mv‡_ †Kvb c‡_ nuvUv‡eb ZLb
†QvU wdZv w`‡q †eu‡a wbb|
213) Mvwoi †fZ‡i cÖvYxmg~n _vK‡j wbqšÎY ivLyb| wbwðZ †nvb †h Zviv Mvwo
Pvjv‡Z Avcbv‡K wei³ bv K‡i| wdZv euvav Qvov †Kvb KzKzi‡K mo‡Ki Dci †h‡Z
w`‡eb bv|
214) hw` Avcwb cÖvYxmg~n wb‡q PjvPj K‡ib Zv n‡j Zv‡`i mo‡Ki eu w`‡K ivLyb|
hw` m¤¢e nq Ab¨ GKRb‡K moK eivei cvVvb Ab¨vb¨ hvbevnb PvjK‡`i mZK© Kivi
Rb¨ †hgb mo‡Ki †gvo ev cvnv‡oi Xvjy‡Z|
215) m~h©v‡ ‘i c‡i hw` Avcbv‡K cÖvYxmg~n mv‡_ wb‡q Pj‡Z nq Zv n‡j Avcwb
Av‡jvi cÖwZdjK †cvlvK ciƒb Ges wbwðZ †nvb †h `‡ji mvg‡b mv`v evwZ Ges `‡ji
†cQ‡b jvj evwZ enb K‡ib|
Ak¦‡ivnxiv
216) mo‡K †Nvov wb‡q †ei nevi c~‡e© wbwðZ †nvb †h Avcwb GUv wbqšÎb Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| hw` Avcwb g‡b K‡ib †h Avcbvi †Nvov Uªvwd‡Ki cÖwZ fxZz Zv n‡j me mgq
Ab¨v‡b¨I mv‡_ Kg fxZz †Nvovq Po‡eb|
217) wbwðZ †nvb †h me cwi‡aq miÄvg fvjfv‡e Mv‡q jv‡M Ges fvj Ae ’vq
Av‡Q| Mw` Ges jvMvg Qvov KLbI †Nvovq Po‡eb bv|
218) Aby‡gvw`Z wbivcËv †nj‡gU ciƒb Ges fvjfv‡e euvayb| 14 eQi eq‡mi wb‡P
†Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i Aek¨B GUv Ki‡Z n‡e| Avcbv‡K eyU A_ev k³ †mv‡ji RyZv ev wnjmn
RyZv ci‡Z n‡e|
219) hw` Avcbv‡K iv‡Z †Nvovq Po‡Z nq Zv n‡j cªwZdjK †cvlvK ciƒb Ges
wbwðZ †nvb †h Avcbvi †Nvovi cv‡qi †Mvovwji Dc‡i cÖwZdjK e¨vÛ civ‡bv n‡q‡Q|
mvg‡b mv`v Ges †cQ‡b jvj Av‡jv enb Kiƒb|
220) ‡Nvov wb‡q Pj‡Z ïiƒ Kivi c~‡e© A_ev †gvo Nyievi mgq wbwðZ nIqvi Rb¨
Avcbvi †cQ‡bi w`‡K ZvKvb Ges cwi¯‹vi fv‡e nv‡Zi ms‡KZ w`b | mo‡Ki evg
w`‡K _vKzb hLb †Nvovq Po‡eb| hw` Avcwb ‡Nvovi †bZ…Z¡ †`b Zv n‡j †Nvov Avcbvi
evu w`‡K ivLyb| GKw`‡K PjvPjKvix mo‡K †h w`‡K hvbevnb Pj‡Q †mB w`‡K gyL K‡i
Pjyb|
221) ‡Nvov wb‡q `y R‡bi †ekx cvkvcvwk Pj‡eb bv| miƒ mo‡K GK jvB‡b Pjyb|
222) dzUcv_, †cf‡g›U A_ev mvB‡Kj Pjvi c‡_ Avcwb Aek¨B †Nvov wb‡q Pj‡eb
bv| †hLv‡b m¤¢e jvMvg e¨envi Kiƒb|
- 32 -
223) ‡h GjvKvq m¤¢e †MvjP°i Gwo‡q Pjyb| hw` Avcbv‡K †MvjP°i e¨envi
Ki‡Z nq Zv n‡j †h mKj hvbevnb Avcbvi c_ cvi n‡PQ A_ev †MvjP°‡i wgwjZ
n‡PQ Zv‡`i cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiƒb| †ei nevi c_ AvovAvwo cvi nevi mgq Wvb w`‡K
ms‡KZ w`b †h Avcwb †MvjP°i Z¨vM Ki‡Qb bv | †MvjP°i Z¨vM Kivi wVK c~‡e© evu
w`‡K ms‡KZ w`b|
224) hLb †Nvovq Po‡eb :
ms‡KZ †`qv e¨ZxZ `yB nv‡Z jvMvg N‡i _vKzb;
cv †iKv‡ii g‡a¨ ivLyb;
Ab¨ KvD‡K enb Ki‡eb bv;
Ggb wKQy enb Ki‡eb bv hv Avcbvi fvimvg¨ bó Ki‡Z cv‡i A_ev
jvMv‡gi mv‡_ Rwo‡q †h‡Z cv‡i;
w`‡bi †ejv nvjKv iw½b A_ev †d¬v‡iv‡m›U †cvlvK Ges iv‡Zi †ejv
cÖwZdjK †cvlvK cwiavb Kiƒb|
‡ijI‡q †j‡fj cvivcvi
mvaviY 225) ‡hLv‡b moK †ij jvB‡bi Dci w`‡q †M‡Q †mB RvqMv‡K †j‡fj cvivcvi
e‡j| †j‡fj cvivcv‡ii w`‡K mZK©Zvi mv‡_ AvMv‡eb Ges cvi †nvb | hw`
cvivcv‡ii Aci Ask Lvwj Av‡Q †`L‡Z bv cvb Zv n‡j GKev‡i GUvi Dc‡i KLbI
Pvwj‡q DV‡eb bv| KLbI GUuvi Dc‡i A_ev †j‡fj cvivcv‡ii AwZ wbK‡U _vgv‡eb
bv| KLbI cvivcv‡ii wbK‡U cvK© Ki‡eb bv|
226) AwaKvsk cvivcv‡i c~Y© A_ev Aa© cÖwZeÜKZv Av‡Q, AvI UªvwdK Av‡jvi
ms‡KZmn w ’i cxZvf evwZ Ges ywU jvj evwZ SjKv‡Z _vK‡e (69 c„ôvq †`Lyb)
Ges N›Uv †kvbv hv‡e| hLb evwZ¸‡jv R¡j‡e ZLb Avcbv‡K Aek¨B mv`v jvB‡bi
†cQ‡b _vg‡Z n‡e| cxZvf evwZ A_ev N›Uvi kã ïiy nIqvi c‡i hw` Avcwb mv`v
jvBb cvi n‡q wM‡q _v‡Kb Zv n‡j †h‡Z _vKzb|
227) hw` †Uªb P‡j hvevi c‡i jvj evwZ R¡j‡Z _v‡K A_ev N›Uvi kã cwieZ©b n‡Z
_v‡K, Avcwb Aek¨B A‡c¶v Ki‡eb, kxNÖB Avi GKwU †ijMvwo AwZµg Ki‡e| hLb
evwZmg~n eÜ n‡e Ges cÖwZeÜKZv †Lvjv _vK‡e ïay ZLbB cvi nIqv wbivc`|
228) Aa© cÖwZeÜKZvmn cvivcv‡i KLbI cvk KvwU‡q hv‡eb bv †MU¸‡jv wb‡P
bvgv‡bv _vKvi KviY Avi GKwU †ijMvwo Avm‡Q|
‡ijI‡q †Uwj‡dvbmg~n 229) Avcwb hw` †Kvb e„nr hvbevnb A_ev axi MwZi hvbevnb Pvjvb ev †Kvb
cïcvj wb‡q P‡jb Zv n‡j cvi nevi AbygwZ cvevi Rb¨ Avcwb Aek¨B †ijI‡q
†Uwj‡dvb e¨env‡ii wb‡`©k`vbKvix †h †Kvb wPý †g‡b Pj‡eb| Avcbvi Aek¨B †dvb
K‡i ejv DwPZ hLb cvivcvi Lvwj K‡i Avm‡eb|
`yN©Ubv Ges hvwšÎK µwUmg~n 230) hw` Avcbvi Mvwo weKj n‡q c‡o A_ev cvivcv‡ii Dc‡i hw` Avcwb `yN©Ubvq
c‡ob :
Mvwo n‡Z mKj hvÎx‡`i †ei K‡i Avbyb Ges cvivcvi Lvwj K‡i
†djyb|
hw` †mLv‡b †ijI‡q †Uwj‡dvb _v‡K, cvivcvi cwiPvjK‡K ejvi Rb¨
ZvovZvwo GUv e¨envi Kiyb Ges Avcbv‡K †`qv wb‡ ©k¸‡jv AbymiY
Kiƒb|
‡ijMvwo G‡m covi c~‡e© hw` m¤¢e nq Ges mgq _v‡K cvivcvi Lvwj
Kivi Rb¨ MvwowU mwi‡q †djyb| hw` N›Uvi kã ïb‡Z cv‡ib A_ev
cxZvf evwZ R¡‡j D‡V Zv n‡j cvivcvi Lvwj K‡i †djyb|
- 33 -
ms‡KZ Qvov cvivcvimg~n 231) ‡h mKj cvivcvimg~‡n †MU A_ev cªwZeÜKZv Av‡Q wKš‘ †Kvb evwZ †bB,
†mLv‡b †MU eÜ nIqvi mgq _vgyb| c_PvixMYI cÖwZeÜKZv A_ev †M‡Ui wbK‡U
A‡c¶v Ki‡eb|
ms‡KZmn cÖnixnxb cvivcvimg~n 232) ‡MU Ges cÖwZeÜKZvmn †Kvb †Kvb cvivcv‡i ÕSTOPÕ wPý Ges †QvU jvj I
meyR evwZ Av‡Q | jvj evwZ R¡jv Ae¯’vq KLbI cvi n‡eb bv KviY , †ijMvwo
Avm‡Q| ïay meyR evwZ R¡j‡Z _vK‡Z cvi n‡eb| hw` Mvwo wb‡q cvi nb, cÖ_‡g Df‡q
w`‡Ki †MU A_ev cÖwZeÜKZv Lyjyb Zvici †`Lyb meyR evwZ R¡j‡Q wKbv Ges
ZvovZvwo cvi †nvb| cvivcvi Lvwj K‡i cÖwZeÜKZv †MU eÜ Kiƒb|
ms‡KZ Qvov cÖnixnxb cvivcvimg~n 233) wKQy cvivcv‡i †MU Av‡Q wKš‘ †Kvb cÖnix A_ev UªvwdK ms‡KZ †bB| G Ni‡bi
cvivcv‡i _vgyb, Dfq w`‡K †`Lyb, kã ïbyb Ges wbwðZ †nvb †h †Kvb †ijMvwo Avm‡Q
wK bv| hw` †mLv‡b †ijI‡q †Uwj‡dvb _v‡K Zv n‡j cvi nIqv wbivc` wKbv Zv wbwðZ
nIqvi Rb¨ ms‡KZ cwiPvjK‡K †dvb Kiƒb| hw` Mvwo wb‡q cvi nb, cÖ_‡g cvivcv‡ii
Dfq w`‡Ki †MU Lyjyb, Zvici cix¶v K‡i wbwðZ †nvb †h †Kvb †ijMvwo Avm‡Q wK
bv, Zvici `yªZ cvi †nvb| hLb cvivcvi Lvwj K‡i Avm‡eb ZLb Dfq †MU eÜ Kiƒb|
cvivcvi AwZµg Kivi c‡i ms‡KZ cwiPvjK‡K Rvbv‡Z g‡b ivL‡eb|
‡Lvjv cvivcvi 234) ‡Lvjv cvivcv‡j †Kvb †MU, cÖwZeÜKZv, cÖnix A_ev UªvwdK evwZ †bB, †mLv‡b
ïay GKwU Õc_ w`bÕ wPý _vK‡e| Avcwb cvi nIqvi c~‡e© †Kvb †ijMvwo Avm‡Q wKbv
Zv wbwðZ nIqvi Rb¨ Dfq w`‡K †`Lyb Ges kã ïbyb| me mgq †ijMvwo‡K c_ w`b
KviY Zviv mn‡R _vg‡Z cv‡i bv|
UªvgI‡qmg~n
mvaviY 235) Uªv‡gi Rb¨ msiw¶Z †Kvb moK A_ev †j‡b Avcwb Aek¨B cÖ‡ek Ki‡eb bv|
ïay Uªvg PvjK‡`i WvqgÛ AvK…wZi wPý¸‡jv wb‡ ©k w`‡e|
236) we‡klfv‡e mZK© _vKzb hLb Uªvg¸‡jv (hv 60 wgUvi ch©š‘ j¤^v n‡Z cv‡i)
moK eivei PjvPj K‡i| Uªvg PjvP‡ji Rb¨ †h GjvKv ˆZix mvaviYZ GUv Uªvg †jb
wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bv nq hv mv`v jvBb Øviv wPwýZ A_ev mo‡Ki Ic‡ii Ask wfbœfv‡e
ˆZix|
237) ‡hLv‡b Uªv‡gi jvBb mo‡Ki GKcvk n‡Z Aci cvk ch©š‘ †M‡Q Ges †hLv‡b
moK miƒ n‡q †M‡Q ev Uªv‡gi jvBb Kve© Gi wbK‡U G‡m‡Q †mLv‡b we‡klfv‡e mZK©
_vKzb| †mLv‡b Avjv`v UªvwdK evwZi ms‡KZ _vK‡e hv Uªvg PvjK‡`i Ges Ab¨vb¨
hvbevnb PjvP‡ji wb‡`©k †`‡e| me mgq Uªvg‡K c_ w`b; KLbI Zv‡`i mv‡_
cÖwZ‡hvwMZv A_ev Ifvi‡UK Kivi †Póv Ki‡eb bv|
238) ‡hLv‡b Uªvg _v‡g †mLv‡b c −vUdig Av‡Q, nq‡Zv mo‡Ki gvSLv‡b A_ev
mo‡Ki cv‡k| moK wPý Ges moK gvwKs© Øviv †`Lv‡bv c_ Avcbv‡K Aek¨B AbymiY
Ki‡Z n‡e| c−vUdig Qvov Uªvg _vgevi RvqMvq y Uªv‡gi gvSLv‡b Ges euv w`‡Ki
Kv‡e©i wbKU Avcwb Aek¨B Mvwo Pvjv‡eb bv| hw` †Kvb Uªvg _vgv‡bvi Rb¨ AMÖmi
n‡Z _v‡K Zv n‡j c_Pvix we‡kl K‡i †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiƒb hviv Uªvg aivi
Rb¨ hv‡PQb|
239) Uªvg Pjvi c‡_ Avcwb Aek¨B Mvwo cvK© Ki‡eb bv A_ev Ab¨vb¨ PvjK‡`i‡K
GUv Ki‡Z eva¨ Ki‡eb bv|
240) mvB‡Kj Ges ‡gvUi mvB‡Kj PvjKiv Uªvg jvBb AwZµg Kivi mgq
we‡klfv‡e mZK© _vK‡eb, we‡kl K‡i hLb Uªvg jvBb †fRv _v‡K|
- 34 -
c_PvixMY 241) ‡hLv‡b Uªvg c_Pvix‡`i GjvKvi †fZi w`‡q hvq, †mLv‡b c_Pvix‡`i c_ A-
Mfxi Kve© Øviv ˆZix hv mo‡Ki Ic‡ii Ask cwieZ©b K‡i †d‡j A_ev mv`v jvBb Øviv
wPwýZ| hw` Uªvg jvB‡b †eov bv †`qv _v‡K Zvn‡j Avcwb †h †Kvb ¯’vb n‡Z cvi n‡Z
cv‡ib| Dfq w`‡K †`Lyb Ges hLb c_ cwi¯‹vi ZLb †mvRv AvovAvwo cvi †nvb, Uªvg
jvBb eivei nuvU‡eb bv|
242) cvi nIqvi Rb¨ †`qv wbav©wiZ ’vb¸‡jv e¨envi Kiƒb| Avcbv‡K mZK© Kivi
Rb¨ wKQy wKQy cvivcv‡i cxZvf evwZ SjKv‡Z cv‡i hLb Uªvg AMÖmi n‡Z _vK‡e| hLb
evwZ SjKv‡Z _vK‡e ZLb Uªvg jvBb cvi n‡Z ïiƒ Ki‡eb bv| evwZ SjKv‡Z _vK‡jI
hw` Avcwb cvi nIqv ïiƒ K‡i _v‡Kb, Zv n‡j cvi n‡Z _vKvB wbivc`| †ij Gi Dci
cv ivLv Gwo‡q Pjyb|
Av‡jvi ms‡KZ Øviv wbqwš‘ªZ UªvwdK
- 35 -
Av‡jvi ms‡KZ Øviv wbqwšÎZ UªvwdK
Aby‡gvw`Z e¨w³i Øviv ms‡KZ †`qv
- 36 -
Ab¨vb¨ moK e¨enviKvix‡`i cÖwZ ms‡KZ
w`K wb‡`©kKvix ms‡KZmg~n
_vgv‡bvi Rb¨ Av‡jvi ms‡KZmg~n
- 37 -
UªvvdK wPýmg~n
wb‡`©k`vbKvix wPýmg~n GB wb‡ ©k`vbKvix wPýmg~n AaKvskB †MvjvKvi Ges jvj e„‡Ëi g‡a¨ wb‡`©km~PK
wPýmg~n AwaKvskB wb‡lavÁvm~PK|
- 38 -
- 39 -
- 40 -
- 41 -
hvbevnb wPwýZ Kiv
moK e¨enviKvix Ges mswk−ó AvBb
moK UªvwdK AvBb miKv‡ii †gvUi †fwnKj AwW©b¨vÝ 1983 Abyhvqx hvbevnb PjvPj msµvš‘ wewfbœ
Aciv‡ai aiY, kvw¯‘ Ges Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q we¯ZvwiZ ejv n‡q‡Q| iv¯Zv e¨enviKvix I
AvBbcÖ‡qvMKvix ms ’vi †jvKR‡bi g‡a¨ G gyn~‡Z© m‡PZbZv e„w× Kiv `iKvi| AvB‡bi
h_vh_ cÖ‡qvM n‡jB †`‡ki moK e¨e¯’vi Avg~j cwieZ©b n‡Z cv‡i|
AwW©b¨v‡Ýi `kg wmwWD‡j ejv n‡q‡Q t
1| GKRb PvjK iv¯Zvi hZUv m¤¢e evg cvk¦© N‡i h_vh_fv‡e Mvox cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb
Ges wecixZ w`K †_‡K AvMZ mKj hvbevnb‡K h_vh_fv‡e Wvb w`K w`‡q AwZµg
Kivi my‡hvM †`‡eb|
2| G Aa¨v‡`‡k ewY©Z †i¸‡jkvb 3 Qvov, PvjKMY GKB w`‡K avegvb hvbevn‡bi Wvb
w`‡K Pvjv‡Z cvi‡eb |
3| GKRb PvjK Ab¨ Mvwoi evg w`K AwZµg Ki‡Z cvi‡eb whwb Wvb w`‡K hvevi
BPQv cÖKvk c~e©K ms‡KZ w`‡q iv¯Zvi gvSvgvwS P‡j G‡m‡Qb|
4| PvjKMY GKB w`‡K avegvb Ab¨ †Kvb Mvwo AwZµg Ki‡eb bv t
K) hw` Zvi AwZµgb GKB w`‡K avegvb Ab¨ Mvoxi Amyweav ev wec` m„wói m¤¢vebv
_v‡K, A_ev
L) †Kvb c‡q›U ev KY©v‡i A_ev †Kvb cvnv‡o †hLv‡b mvg‡bi iv¯Zv my¯cófv‡e †`Lv
hvq bv|
5| PvjKMY Zvi Mvwoi MwZ e„wØ Ki‡eb ev Zv‡K AwZµgKvix Ab¨‡Kvb Mvox‡K Zv‡K
AwZµg Ki‡Z euvav m„wó Ki‡eb bv hLb †m Ifvi‡UK Ki‡Z Pvq|
6| †Kvb G‡cÖvP †iv‡Wi †Q`we›`y‡Z, moK Rsk‡b A_ev iv¯Zvi KY©v‡i PvjKMY
Zv‡`i evoxi MwZ Kwg‡q Avb‡eb Ges Giƒc †Kvb Rsk‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡eb bv hZ¶Y
ch©š‘ wZwb wbwðZ bv nb wZwb †mLv‡b Kv‡iv wbivcËv wewNœZ K‡ib|
- 42 -
7| PvjKMY †Q`we›`y‡Z cÖ‡ekKv‡j, hw` iv¯ZvwU cÖavb mo‡K wgwjZ n‡q‡Q Ggb
nq, AvMZK Ab¨ hvbevnb‡K AwZµg Kivi my‡hvM †`‡eb|
8| iv¯Zvq †Kvb Rbmfv , wgwQj A_ev ˆmb¨`j ev cywj‡ki c¨v‡iW A_ev iv¯Zv
†givg‡Zi KvR Pj‡Q †`L‡j †Kvb Ae ’v‡ZB PvjKMY Zv‡`i MwZ mxgv N›Uvq m‡e©vPP
25 wK.wg.Õi †ekx Zzj‡eb bv|
GKv`k wmwWDj ms‡KZmg~n 1| hLb Wvbw`‡K Nyi‡eb A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb hvbevnb AwZµg Ki‡eb ZLb iv¯Zvi
h_vh_ Wvb w`‡K _vK‡eb A_ev Ab¨ †h †Kvb Kvi‡Y, PvjKMY Aek¨B Mvoxi Wvb
w`‡K Zvi Wvb evû Avbyf~wgKfv‡e cÖmvwiZ Ki‡eb Ges mvg‡bi w`‡K nv‡Zi Zvjy
D‡Ëvjb K‡i ms‡KZ †`‡eb|
2| evu w`‡K †Nvivi mgq A_ev iv¯Zvi evg w`‡K Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨, PvjKMY Aek¨B Zvi
Wvb evû D‡Ëvjb K‡i Nwoi KvUvi D‡ëv w`‡Ki ms‡KZ †`‡eb|
3| Mvwoi MwZ Kgv‡bvi mgq PvjKMY Zv‡`i nv‡Zi Zvjy bx‡Pi w`‡K †i‡L Wvb evû
cÖmvwiZ Ki‡eb Ges Mvwoi Wvb w`‡K evû Nywi‡q Ggbfv‡e ms‡KZ †`‡eb hv‡Z
†cQ‡bi PvjK Zv †`L‡Z cvq|
4| _vgvi mgq PvjKMY nv‡Zi Zvjy mvg‡bi w`‡K †i‡L Wvb nv‡Zi KbyB †_‡K Kwâ
ch©šZ Ask Mvwoi Wvb w`‡Ki evB‡i D‡Ëvjb Ki‡eb|
5| hLb †Kvb PvjK †cQb †_‡K GKwU Mvwo Ifvi‡UK Ki‡Z BPQv cÖKvk Ki‡eb ZLb
wZwb Zvi Wvb evû Mvwoi Wvb w`‡K (evB‡i) AvbyfywgKfv‡e D‡Ëvjb K‡I Dc-e„wËq
AvKv‡i mvg‡b †cQ‡b ms‡KZ ‡`‡eb|
cÖ¯ZvweZ AvBbmg~n
K) †gvUi Mvox PvjK‡`i cÖwZ
1| WKz‡g›Umg~n : U¨v·, jvB‡mÝ, exgv BZ¨vw`|
Avcbvi Aek¨B _vK‡Z n‡e :
GKwU ˆea WªvBwfs jvB‡mÝ;
GKwU eZ©gvb †gvUihvb G·vBR jvB‡mÝ (U¨v· wW¯‹) hvnv Aek¨B
Mvwo‡Z cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z n‡e;
Avcbvi Mvwo e¨envi i¶v Kivi Rb¨ GKwU ˆea Z„Zxq c¶ exgv;
GKwU eZ©gvb †Uó mvwU©wd‡KU (MOT) hw` Avcbvi Mvwo Aby‡gvw`Z
mgqmxgvi †ekx cyivZb nq;
2| Avcbvi Mvwo
AvB‡bi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx Avcbvi Mvwoi Ae¯’v Ggb n‡Z n‡e †h, †h †Kvb Uvwbqv †bIqv
†UªBjvi, Gi IRb, hvÎx‡`i msL¨v& Ges †h Ae ’vq Zv‡`i enb Kiv nq, †m Ae ’vq
Zviv Avcbvi cÖwZ ev Ab¨ Kv‡iv Rb¨ †hb Avn‡Zi KviY bv nq|
Avcbvi Mvwoi wewfbœ Ask fv‡jv Ae ’vq Ges KvR K‡i Ggb Ae ’vq ivLvi Rb¨ Av‡iv
we¯ZvwiZ bxwZgvjv Av‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ †eªK, w÷qvwis, evwZmg~n, DBÛ¯Œxbmg~n,
Rvbvjvmg~n, GKR÷, Avmb †eëmg~n Ges Zvi wdwUsm, ¯úxW wgUvi Ges nb©
Aš‘f~©³| Mvwo, nvjKv f¨vb Ges nvjKv †UªBjvimgy‡ni PvKv¸wji Aek¨B Kgc‡¶ 1.6
wg.wg †_ªW MfxiZv _vK‡Z n‡e (1 wg.wg. Ab¨vb¨ hvbevn‡bi Rb¨ ) AvovAvwo wZb
PZz_©vs‡ki †K›`ª eivei|
cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ †nWjvBU ¸wj Aek¨B mwVKfv‡e mgš^q Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z Zxeª Av‡jv
AvMZ hvbevnb PvjK‡`i †PvL auvauv‡q bv †`q|
DBÛ¯Œxb Ges Rvbvjv¸wj Aek¨B „w÷i cÖwZeÜKZv n‡Z gy³ n‡Z n‡e Ges Aek¨B
cwi¯‹vi ivL‡Z n‡e|
3| Avm‡bi †eëmg~n civ
hw` Avcwb AvBb Øviv gy³ bv nb Zv n‡j Avcbv‡K Ges Avcbvi hvÎx‡`i mvg‡bi
Avm‡b (hw` _v‡K) Ges wcQ‡bi Avm‡b Aek¨B †eë jvMv‡Z n‡e| AvB‡bi Øviv gy³
e¨w³iv n‡jb †gwW‡Kj mvwU©wd‡Kuavixiv, weZ‡Yi Rb¨ wbwg©Z A_ev Dc‡hvMx Mvwo‡Z
’vbxq weZiYKvixiv Ges cvwU©kb †`qv U¨v·xmg~‡ni wcQ‡bi Avm‡b wkï hvÎxiv|
(ms‡K‡Zi †Uwe‡j 40 wbqg †`Lyb)|
- 43 -
14 eQ‡ii bx‡P wkïiv hvnv‡Z GB AvBb Abyhvqx P‡j Zv wbwðZ Kiv Mvwo PvjK‡`I
AvBbMZ `vwqZ¡|
4| Mvwo Pvjv‡bvi kvixwiK †hvM¨Zv :
Avcbvi kvixwiK Ae¯’v hw` †Kvb cÖKvi Mvwo Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ ¶wZKi nq Zv n‡j Avcwb
Aek¨B jvB‡mÝ cÖ`vbKvix KZ©„c¶‡K Rvbv‡eb|
L) g`¨cvb Ges Mvox Pvjv‡bv
Avcwb Aek¨B Mvwo Pvjv‡eb bv;
g`¨cvb A_ev Wªv‡M cÖfvweZ n‡q,
35 ug/100 wgwj Gi Dc‡i k¦v‡m G¨vj‡Kvnj wb‡q (80 wgwjMÖvg mgvb i‡³
G¨vj‡Kvnj †j‡fj)| Avcbv‡K Aek¨B gvb‡Z n‡e:
m‡e©vPP MwZgvÎvmg~n (68 c„ôvq †`Lyb) A_ev Avcbvi Mvwoi Rb¨ †Kvb
we‡kl MwZmxgv;
cxZvf Ges jvj Õ_vgybÕ ms‡KZmg~n, Av‡`k`vbKvix UªvwdK wPýmg~n, ˆØZ
mv`v jvBb Ges mo‡Ki Dci njy` wPýmg~n;
cywjk Awdmvi A_ev UªvwdK Iqv‡W©‡bi wb‡ ©‡k wbqwšÎZ UªvwdK Avcbvi
Aek¨B DwPZ bq:
wec`RbKfv‡e Mvwo Pvjv‡bv
AmveavbZv Ges Ag‡bv‡hvMx n‡q A_ev Ab¨vb¨ moK e¨enviKvix‡`i cÖwZ
`vwqZ¡nxbfv‡e Mvwo Pvjv‡bv;
nuvUvi c‡_ , dzUcv_, †Nvov Pjv‡bvi c‡_ A_ev †h †Kvb mg‡q mvB‡Kj Pjvi
c‡_ A_ev evm I mvB‡Kj †b‡j Zv‡`i PjvP‡ji mg‡q|
6| c_Pvix cvivcvimg~n
‡Reªv Ges c¨vwj‡Kb cvivcvimg~n PjvPjKvix mo‡K †Reªv µwms Ges c¨vwj‡Kb cvivcv‡ii mxgvbvq hLb cvi nevi Av‡jv R¡j‡e ZLb c_Pvix‡`i cvi nIqvi cÖvavb¨ †ekx| †Reªv µwms‡q c_Pvix‡`i Avcwb
Aek¨B c_ w`‡eb A_ev c¨vwj‡Kb µwms‡q hLb cxZvf Av‡jv SjKv‡Z _vK‡e| PjvPjKvix mo‡K †Reªv A_ev c¨vwj‡Kb µwms‡qi wbKU AMÖmi nIqvi c_ wRM-RvM jvBb Øviv wPwýZ _v‡K| GB GjvKvq Avcbvi Aek¨B DwPZ bq;
cvivcv‡ii wbKU Pjš‘ †gvUiMvwo‡K Ifvi‡UK Kiv;
c_Pvix‡`i c_ †`qvi Rb¨ _vgv‡bv mvg‡bi Mvwo‡K Ifvi‡UK Kiv|
wea¨vjq cvivcvi cÖnix
hLb we`¨vjq cvivcvi cÖnix ÕSTOP - CHILDRENÕ wPý †`Lv‡e Avcwb Aek¨B
_vgv‡eb|
7| iv‡Î A_ev Aí `„wó‡MvPi Ae¯’vq Mvwo Pvjv‡bv
Avcwb Aek¨B :
wbwðZ †nvb †h mvg‡bi Ges wcQ‡bi cv‡ki evwZ¸wj Ges †iwR‡óªkb †c−U
evwZ R¡vjv‡bv|
‡hLv‡b 180 wgUvi `~i‡Z¡ moK evwZ Av‡Q †mLv‡b †nWjvBU e¨envi Kiƒb|
hLb „wó‡MvPi Ae ’v gvivZ¡K n«vm cvq ZLb †nWjvBU e¨envi Kiƒb|
Avcbvi Aek¨B DwPZ bq:
Ggb fv‡e †nWjvBU e¨envi Kiv hv‡Z Ab¨vb¨ PvjK‡`i †PvL auvauv‡q hvq
A_ev Amyweavi m„wó K‡i|
mvg‡b A_ev wcQ‡bi Kzqvkvi evwZ e¨envi Kiv hw` bv „wó‡MvPi Ae ’v
gvivZœK n«vm cvq|
AvevwmK GjvKvq iv‡Z nb© evRv‡bv (ivZ 11 Uv 30 wg. n‡Z mKvj 7Uv
ch©š‘)|
8| A‡c¶v Kiv Ges cvwK©s
‡ek wKQy msL¨K hvqMv Av‡Q †hLv‡b Mvwo ivL‡Z we‡klfv‡e AvBb Avcbv‡K wb‡la
K‡i| moK ms‡K‡Z G¸wji we‡kl D‡j−L‡hvM¨ wbqg nBj 138, 139 Ges 141|
- 44 -
G QvovI mvaviY AvB‡bi Pvwn`v †h, Avcwb Aek¨B Ggbfv‡e mo‡Ki Dci Mvwo cvK©
Ki‡eb bv hv‡Z Avcbvi Mvwo A_ev †UªBjvi Ab¨vb¨ moK e¨enviKvix‡`i Rb¨ wec‡`i
KviY A_ev euvav n‡Z cv‡i| moK ms‡K‡Zi 140 wbq‡g D`vniY Av‡Q †h Avcwb †Kvb
Lv‡b Mvwo cvK© Ki‡j Aciva Ki‡eb|
9| cywj‡ki wbKU Z_¨ †`qv
‡cvlvK cwiwnZ cywjk Awdmvi Mvwo _vgv‡Z PvB‡j Avcwb Aek¨B Mvwo _vgv‡eb, Zviv
Avcbvi wbKU Wky‡g›Umg~n †`L‡Z PvB‡Z cv‡ib| cix¶vi Rb¨ †hgb WªvBwfs jvB‡mÝ,
exgv mvwU©wd‡KU Ges †U÷ mvwU©wd‡KU (MOT) | hw` G¸wj Avcbvi mv‡_ bv _v‡K
Z‡e wbw`©ó cywjk †÷k‡b mvZ w`‡bi g‡a¨ †`Lv‡Z cv‡ib|
10| `~N©Ubvmg~n
Avcwb hw` †Kvb `~N©Ubvq RwoZ nb hv Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³i hvbevn‡bi ev Rxehš‘i ¶wZi
A_ev Avn‡Zi KviY nq (†Nvov, Miƒ, †fov , QvMj BZ¨vw`) Avcbvi Mvwo Øviv mo‡K
ev mo‡Ki cv‡ki Rwg‡Z|
Zv n‡j Avcwb Aek¨B;
_vgv‡eb|
Avcbvi wb‡Ri bvg, Mvwoi gvwj‡Ki bvg wVKvbv Ges †iwR‡÷ªkb bv¤^vi Ggb
GKRb e¨w³i wbKU w`b hvi Rvbvi cÖ‡qvRbxq KviY Av‡Q|
hw` `~N©Ubvi mgq Avcbvi bvg wVKvbv bv †`b Z‡e ‡h †Kvb Ae¯’vq 24 N›Uvi
g‡a¨ cywjk‡K AeMZ Kiƒb|
hw` †Kvb e¨w³ wRÁvmv K‡i A_ev Aby‡iva K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq Kvi‡Y Rvbvi Rb¨
Ges Avcwb ~N©Ubvi mgq exgv mvwU©wd‡KU †`Lv‡b bv cv‡ib Avcwb Aek¨B:
‡h †Kvb Ae ’vq 24 N›Uvi g‡a¨ cywj‡ki wbKU ~N©Ubvi Lei w`b| ~N©Ubvi
Lei †`qvi mgq cywj‡ki wbKU A_ev 7w`‡bi g‡a¨ Avcbvi wbe©vwPZ †Kvb
cywjk †÷k‡b Avcbvi exgvi mvwU©wd‡KU ‡`Lvb|
‡gvUi mvB‡Kj PvjK Ges g‡cU Av‡ivnx‡`i cÖwZ t
hvbevnb PvjK‡`i mv‡_ m¤cK©hy³ AwaKvsk AvB‡bi Avek¨KZv Avcbvi Rb¨I
cÖ‡hvR¨
G QvovI Avcwb Aek¨B
m¤c~Y© hvÎvc‡_ Aby‡gvw`Z wbivcËv †nj‡gU ciƒb|
wbwðZ †nvb Avcbvi Mvwoi G·v÷ e¨e¯’v Ges mvB‡jÝvi Aby‡gvw`Z ai‡bi|
‡gvUi mvB‡K‡j GKR‡bi †ekx hvÎx enb Ki‡eb bv|
moK ms‡KZ 37 wbq‡gi Aveg¨KxqZv wk¶v_©x‡`I Aek¨B gvb‡Z n‡e|
wcwjqb hvÎxMY Aek¨B :
Aby‡gvw`Z wbivcËv †nj‡gU cwiavb Ki‡eb|
Pvj‡Ki Avm‡bi wcQ‡b wbivc`fv‡e jvMv‡bv GKwU Dchy³ Avm‡b mvB‡K‡ji
`yBw`‡K cv`vwb‡Z cv †i‡L emyb|
M) †gvUiI‡q Mvwo Pvjv‡bv
‡gvUiI‡qmg~n c_PvixMY, cÖwfkbvj jvB‡mÝ enbKvixiv, †cWvj mvB‡Kj PvjKMY 50
wmwmi wb‡P †gvUi mvB‡Kj PvjKMY, Lvwj Ae ’vq 254 †KwR IR‡bi Dc‡i bq
c½y‡`i enbKvix hvbevnb, e„nr AvKv‡ii gvjvgvj enbKvix axi MwZi hvbevnb (we‡kl
AbygwZ Qvov) , K…wlKv‡Ri hvbevnb Ges RxeRš‘mn Aek¨B e¨envi Ki‡eb bv|
Avcwb Aek¨B :
ïay PjvPjKvix moKmg~‡n Mvwo Pvjv‡eb|
PjvPjKvix mo‡K Iqvb I‡q WªvBwfs †g‡b Pvjv‡eb m‡e©vPP MwZmxgv (68
c„ôvq †`Lyb) A_ev Avcbvi Mvwoi Rb¨ we‡kl MwZmxgv i¶v Ki‡eb|
Avcbvi †j‡bi Dc‡i A_ev PjvPjKvix mo‡Ki cv‡k jvj ms‡KZ SjKv‡Z
_vK‡j Zv †g‡b Pj‡eb|
RxeRš‘mg~n Mvwoi wfZ‡i A_ev (Riƒix Ae ’vq) mo‡Ki wKbvivq c~Y©
wbqšÎ‡Y ivLyb|
- 45 -
Avcwb Aek¨B :
PjvPjKvix mo‡K wcQ‡bi w`‡K Pvjv‡eb bv| PjvPjKvix mo‡K, nvU©
†kvìv‡ii Dc‡ii (Riƒix Ae ’v e¨ZxZ) †K› yªxq msiw¶Z GjvKvq A_ev
wKbvivq _vgv‡eb bv|
‡gvUiI‡q I Wvb w`‡Ki †jbmg~n:
wZbwUi AwaK †jb wewkó †gvUiI‡q‡Z Avcwb Wvb w`‡Ki †jb e¨envi Ki‡eb bv
(we‡kl Ae ’v e¨ZxZ) hw` Avcwb Pvjvb,
‡UªBjvi Uvbv †h †Kvb hvbevnb|
m‡e©vPP 7.5 U‡bi gvjevnx Mvwo|
12 wgUv‡ii `xN© evm A_ev †KvP|
N| c_Pvix‡`i cÖwZ
PjvPjKvix mo‡K cvi nIqvi ms‡KZ †`qv Ae¯’vq Avcwb hLb †Reªv Ges †cwj‡Kb
cvivcv‡ii mxgvbvi g‡a¨ ZLb Ab¨vb¨ moK e¨enviKvix‡`i †P‡q Avcbvi AwaKvi
†ekx| wKš‘ Avcwb Aek¨B c_Pvix cvivcv‡ii Dci †Nviv‡div Ki‡eb bv|
Avcbvi Aek¨B DwPZ bq:
‡gvUiI‡qi Dc‡i A_ev Zvi cvk© mo‡K nuvUv|
UªvwdK cywjk A_ev UªvwdK wbqšÎYKvix Iqv‡W©‡bi wb‡`©k Qvov PjvPjKvix
mo‡Ki Dci nuvUvZ|
Pjš‘ hvbevnb A_ev †UªBjvi a‡i ivL‡eb bv A_ev DV‡eb bv|
O) †cWvj mvB‡Kj PvjK‡`i cÖwZ
c_Pvix cvivcvi Ges we`¨vjq cvivcvimg~‡n hvbevnb PvjK‡`i Rb¨ †h wbqg cÖ‡hvR¨
†mB GKwU wbqg Avcwb Aek¨B †g‡b Pj‡eb (84 c„óvq 6 †`Lyb)
Zv Qvov Avcwb Aek¨B :
wbwðZ †nvb †h Avcbvi mvB‡K‡ji †eªK Kvh©Kix|
wbwðZ †nvb †h iv‡Zi †ejv mvg‡bi Ges wcQ‡bi Av‡jv R¡jv‡bv Av‡Q Ges
Avcbvi mvB‡K‡ji wcQ‡b Kvh©Kvix jvj cÖwZdjK Av‡Q| iv‡Zi †ejv hw`
Avcwb mvB‡Kj Pvjvb A_ev AÜKv‡i †KbvKvUv K‡ib Zv n‡j KZUzKz m¤¢e
mo‡Ki wKbvivq _vKzb|
BDwbdg© cov cywjk Awdmvi A_ev UªvwdK Iqv‡W©b cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx _vgv‡Z
PvB‡j _vgyb|
Avcbvi Aek¨B DwPZ bq:
wec`RbKfv‡e mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡bv|
AmveavbZv Ges Ag‡bv‡hvMx nIqv A_ev Ab¨vb¨ moK e¨enviKvix‡`i cÖwZ
`vwqZ¡nxbfv‡e mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡bv|
g` A_ev Wªv‡Mi cÖfv‡e Pvjv‡bv|
NuvUvi c‡_i Dci A_ev Rbc‡_i Dci Pvjv‡bv hw` bv †mLv‡b Pvjvevi
AwaKvi _v‡K|
‡h †Kvb mo‡Ki Dci mvB‡Kj Ggbfv‡e ivLv †h Zv Ab¨ moK e¨enviKvixi
Rb¨ wec‡`i KviY n‡Z cv‡i| A_ev †hLv‡b A‡c¶v Kiv wbwl×|
hvÎx enb Kievi Rb¨ ˆZix bq Ggb mvB‡K‡j hvÎx enb Kiv A_ev GKvwaK
e¨w³ enb Kiv|
Pjš‘ hvbevnb A_ev †UªBjvi a‡i ivLv |
- 46 -
cÖ¯ZvweZ Rwigvbvmg~n (mKj hvbevnb PvjK‡`i Rb¨)
Aciva Rwigvbv
Ask-1 (UvKvq)
K) evm ÷c ev evm ÷¨v‡Û A‰eafv‡e uvov‡bv 25.00
L) wbwl× GjvKvq `uvWv‡bv 30.00
M) ¸iyZ¡c~Y© GjvKvq `uvWv‡bv 20.00
N) Õ`vov‡eb bvÕ A_ev Õ†bv-cvwK©sÕ †bvwU‡ki wecixZ uvov‡bv 30.00
Ask-2
K) c_Pvix cvivcv‡i c_Pvix‡`i c_ bv †`qv (‡gvUiMvwo KZ©„K) 50.00
L) c_Pvix cvivcvi e¨envi bv Kiv (c_Pvix KZ©„K) 10.00
M) UªvwdK wmMb¨vj Agvb¨ Kiv 100.00
N) wbwl× ai‡bi nb© evRv‡bv 50.00
O) MwZmxgv N›Uvq 60 wK.wg. †ekx nIqv (fvix †gvUihvb e¨ZxZ) 100.00
P) MwZmxgv N›Uvq 40 wK.wg. †ekx nIqv (fvix †gvUihv‡bi †¶‡Î) 100.00
Q) wefw³ †iLvi evB‡i Pvjv‡bv 30.00
R) UªvwdK AvBj¨v‡Ûi g‡a¨ Pvjv‡bv 30.00
S) GKgyLx c‡_ D‡ëv w`‡K Pvjv‡bv 50.00
T) Õ_vgybÕ ev Õax‡i PjybÕ Agvb¨ Kiv 30.00
U) bU wmMb¨vj Bb‡Ubkb 15.00
V) µwUc~Y© ms‡KZ evwZ e¨envi 50.00
W) Av‡jvwKZ bMix‡Z DPP Av‡jv e¨envi 100.00
X) †bvwU‡ki wecix‡Z Pvjv‡bv 15.00
Y) AKvh©Ki mvB‡jÝvi 10.00
Z) wbwl× ¯’v‡b Ifvi‡UwKs 100.00
_) N›Uvq 60 wK.wg. †ekx MwZmxgv (fvix †gvUihvb e¨ZxZ) 50.00
`) Ab¨ hvbevnb‡K c_ bv †`qv (hLb wbivc‡` m¤¢e) 50.00
a) A‡b¨i euvav nIqv 50.00
Ask-3
K) Mvp Kv‡jv †auvqv wbM©gb 100.00
L) Abby‡gvw`Z jvDW ¯cxKvi e¨envi 50.00
M) wbw`©ó ¯’vb e¨ZxZ hvÎx IVv‡bv (Mbcwienb KZ…©K) 50.00
N) iƒ‡Ui bvg‡j−L bv Kiv A_ev †mKkb 42(2) Abyhvqx cÖ‡qvRbxq
e¨e¯’v bv Kiv (MYcwien‡bi †¶‡Î)
50.00
O) wba©vwiZ fvovi I _vgv‡bvi PvU© bv cÖ k©b Kiv 30.00
P) wba©vwiZ †cvlvK I e¨vR bv civ (miKvix cwien‡bi †¶‡Î) 30.00
Q) AwZwi³ fvov Av`vq 100.00
R) dzU‡evW© ev ev¤cv‡i ågY (hvÎx KZ©„K) 40.00
S) dzU‡evW© ev ev¤cv‡i ev Qv‡` hvÎx †Zvjv Ges aviY ¶gZvi †P‡q
†ekx hvÎx aviY|
200.00
Rwigvbvmg~n
moK UªvwdK AvBb f½ Kivi Aciv‡ai m‡e©vPP Rwigvbv Ggb fv‡e wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q
Ges G m‡e©vPP Rwigvbvi g‡a¨ wK kvw ‘ avh© Kiv n‡e GUv cwiw ’wZ Abyhvqx Av`vjZ
wm×vš‘ wb‡e| cÖwZwU Aciv‡ai Rb¨ m‡e©vPP kvw¯‘ Aciv‡ai ¸iƒZ¡ cÖwZdjb K‡i|
94 c„ôvq Rwigvbv QKwU cÖavb kvw ‘i weavb Ges Zvi mn‡hvMx Rwigvbv cÖ`k©b K‡i
(AviI A‡bK mywbw`©ó e¨vcK AvKv‡ii AY¨vb¨ Aciva Av‡Q, Av‡jvPbv mnR Kivi Rb¨
hv GLv‡b †`Lv‡bv nqwb)|
Rwigvbv c‡q›Umg~n Ges A‡hvM¨ nIqvi c×wZ Kxfv‡e cwiPvjbv Kiv nq Zv wb‡¤§
eY©bv Kiv nj|
- 47 -
Rwigvbv c‡q›Umg~n Ges A‡hvM¨Zv
1| Av`vj‡Zi ¶gZv Av‡Q wba©vwiZ mgq mxgvi Rb¨ A‡hvM¨ †Nvlbv Kivi; hw` †Kvb
kvw¯Z Rwigvbv c‡q›U enb K‡i| eva¨Zvg~jK A‡hvM¨ nIqvi NUbvq Av`vjZ 12
gv‡mi m‡e©vwb¤§ mgq mxgvi Rb¨ A‡hvM¨ †Nvvlbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| cyb: AcivaKvix‡`i
Rb¨ GUv AviI `xN© n‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY ^iƒc, 10 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ wØZxq evi g`¨cvb K‡i
Mvwo Pvjv‡bv Aciv‡ai dj n‡e wZb eQ‡ii Rb¨ Mvwo Pvjv‡bvi A‡hvM¨ †NvlYv Kiv|
2| wbivcËvnxb Mvwo Pvjv‡bv n‡Z PvjK‡`i weiZ ivLvi Rb¨ Rwigvbvi c‡q›U c×wZ
Kiv n‡q‡Q| Av`vjZ Aek¨B Rwigvbvi c‡q›Umg~n wbw`ó msL¨vq jvB‡m‡Ýi Ic‡i
wj‡L w`‡e A_ev RvZxq msm‡`i wba©vwiZ mxgv‡iLvi g‡a¨ Rwigvbv Ki‡e| Rwigvbvi
c‡q›Umg~‡ni †hvMdj PvjK‡`i Rb¨ mZK©evYx wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i †h, hw` Zviv cybivq
Aciva K‡i Zv n‡j A‡hvM¨ nIqvi SzuwK wb‡PQb| wZb eQi mg‡qi g‡a¨ hw` †Kvb
PvjK 12 c‡q›U cvq Zv n‡j Aek¨B Kgc‡¶ 6 gv‡mi Rb¨ A‡hvM¨ †NvwlZ n‡eb
Ges hw` c~‡e© wZwb A‡hvM¨ †NvwlZ n‡q _v‡Kb Zv n‡j GB mgq mxgv AviI `xN© n‡e|
Ab¨vb¨ Aciv‡ai cwiYwZ
3| Rwigvbv QvovI Av`vjZ wm×vš‘ wb‡Z cv‡ib kvw¯Z avh©¨ Ki‡Z, gvivZœK SzwKc~Y©
Mvwo Pvjv‡bv Aciv‡a exgvi LiP AviI e„w× cv‡e, Ges exgv †Kv¤cvbx¸‡jv G ai‡bi
PvjK‡`i `yN©Ubvi Rb¨ ewa©Z SzwKc~Y© g‡b K‡ib|
4| †h mKj PvjKMY 10 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ yÕevi, A_ev AvBbMZ mxgvi AvovB ¸‡bi
Dc‡i GKevi g`¨cvb K‡i Mvwo Pvjv‡bv Rb¨ Awfhy³, A_ev hviv bgybv w`‡Z A ^xKvi
K‡ib Zv‡`i PvjK Ges hvbevnb jvB‡mwÝs G‡RÝxi †gwW‡Kj eªv‡K mš‘ó Ki‡Z n‡e
†h Zv‡`i Avi ‡Kvb g‡`i mgm¨v †bB Ges Zv‡`i Rwigvbvi mgq mgq mxgvi †k‡l
jvB‡mÝ †diZ †`qvi c~‡e© cÖgvvb Ki‡Z n‡e †h Zviv Mvwo Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ Dchy³|
cÖ¯‘vweZ Rwigvbvi QK Aciva ‡Rj Rwigvbv A‡hvM¨ †NvlYv Rwigvbvi c‡q›Umg~n wec¾bK Mvwo Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ g„Zz
5 eQi Awba©vwiZ eva¨Zvg~jK-2 eQi Kgc‡¶
3-11 (hw` we‡kl Kvi‡Y A‡hvM¨ †NvwlZ bv nq)
wec¾bK Mvwo Pvjv‡bv 2 eQi Awba©vwiZ eva¨Zvg~jK 3-11 (hw` we‡kl Kvi‡Y A‡hvM¨ †NvwlZ)
g`¨cvb A_ev Wªv‡Mi cÖfv‡e AmZK© Pvjv‡bvi Kvi‡Y g„Zz n‡j
5 eQi Awba©vwiZ eva¨Zvg~jK-2 eQi Kgc‡¶
3-11 (hw` we‡kl Kvi‡Y A‡hvM¨ †NvwlZ bv nq)
AmZK© Ges we‡ePbvnxb Pvjv‡bv - 2,500 we‡ePbv mv‡c‡¶ 3-9 g`¨cvb A_ev WªvM A_ev AwZwi³ g‡`i †bkvq Mvwo Pvjv‡bv; A_ev we‡k−l‡Yi Rb¨ bgybv w`‡Z AcivM n‡j
6 gvm 5,000 eva¨Zvg~jK 3-11 (hw` we‡kl Kvi‡Y A‡hvM¨ †NvwlZ bv nq)
~N©Ubvi c‡i _vgv‡Z Amvg_© n‡j ev ~N©Ubvi wi‡cvU© Ki‡Z Amvg_© n‡j
6gvm 5,000 we‡ePbv mv‡c‡¶ 5-10
A‡hvM¨ n‡q Mvwo Pvjv‡bv 12 gvm 5,000 we‡ePbv mv‡c‡¶ 6 6†gwW‡Kj MÖvDÛ jvB‡mÝ cÖZ¨vnvi A_ev evwZj nevi c‡i Mvwo Pvjv‡bv
6 gvm 5,000 we‡ePbv mv‡c‡¶ 3-6
exgv Qvov Mvwo Pvjv‡bv - 5,000 we‡ePbv mv‡c‡¶ 6-8 jvB‡mÝ Abyhvqx Mvwo bv Pvjv‡bv
-
1,000 we‡ePbv mv‡c‡¶ 3-6
Da© MwZ‡Z Pvjv‡bv - -
1,000 (†gvUI‡q Aciv‡ai Rb¨ 2,500)
we‡ePbv mv‡c‡¶ - 3-6 A_ev (¯’vqx Rwigvbv)
UªvwdK evwZi Qvov - 1,000 we‡ePbv mv‡c‡¶ 3 MOT mvwU©wd‡KU Qvov - 1,000 - - Avmb †eë Qvov - 500 - - wec¾bK fv‡e mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡bv - 2,500 - - Ag‡bv‡hvMx fv‡e mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡bv
- 1,000 - -
Mvwoi PvjK wn‡m‡e cwiPq w`‡Z e¨_© n‡j
- 1,000 we‡ePbv mv‡c‡¶ 3
- 48 -
hvbevn‡bi wbivcËv cÖwZ eQi nvRvi nvRvi Mvwo fv½v nq A_ev Pzwi nq| Mvwo Pzwi nIqvi A_© Mfxi iv‡Z †n‡U evwo hvIqv Ges Mvwoi exgv wVK Kiv‡Z GK mßvn wej¤^, Kv‡R †h‡Z AwZwi³ LiP, e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbv nviv‡Z cv‡ib Ges `vexnxb †evbvm nviv‡Z cv‡ib| myZivs Avcwb hLb Mvwo Z¨vM Ki‡eb, me mgq: Pvjy Kivi Pvwe Acmvib Kiƒb Ges w÷qvwis jK jvwM‡q ivLyb Mvwoi Zvjv eÜ Kiƒb, GgbwK Avcwb mvgvb¨ K‡qK wgwb‡Ui Rb¨I Z¨vM Ki‡j| Rvbvjvmg~n m¤c~b© fv‡e eÜ Kiƒb-GgbwK mvgvb¨ duvKv Sv‡gjvi Kvib n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ wkï‡`i A_ev cï-cvwL KLbI †fw›U‡jUi Qvov Mvwo‡Z ivL‡eb bv| mKj wRwbmcÎ Avcbvi mv‡_ wb‡q wbb A_ev Mvwoi ey‡U Zvjv eÜ Kiƒb| g‡b ivL‡eb, mKj †PviB g‡b K‡i K¨vwiqvi e¨v‡M g~j¨evb wRwbm cÎ Av‡Q| Mvwoi `wjj cÎ KLbI Mvwo‡Z †i‡L hv‡eb bv| AwZwi³ wbivcËvi Rb¨ Pzwi cÖwZ‡ivaK hš‘ e¨envi Kiƒb, †hgb G¨vjvg© A_ev bvov‡bvi Amva¨ Ggb wKQy| hw` Avcwb bZzb Mvwo wKb‡Z Pvb Zv n‡j fvj e¨e ’v nq, hw` Mvwoi ‰Zix wbivcËv e¨e ’v¸‡jv cix¶v K‡i ‡`‡Lb| Mvwoi me Rvbvjvq †iwR‡óªkb bv¤^vi †Lv`vB K‡i wj‡L ivL‡j fvj nq| GUv m¯Zv Ges fq †`wL‡q †ckv`vi †Pvi wbe„Ë Kivi dj`vqK †KŠkj|
mo‡Ki Dci cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv hv‡`i cÖvLwgK wPwKrmvi cÖwk¶Y †bB Zv‡`i Rb¨ wec`-Avmbœ wec‡`i ûgwK †gvKv‡ejv Kiƒb Ab¨_vq Avcwb Ges AvnZiv wbnZ n‡Z cv‡ib| AwaKZi msNl© Ges Av¸b n‡PQ moK `yN©Ubvi wec`mg~n|
cÖ¯‘wZ hw` m¤¢e nq Ab¨vb¨ UªvwdK‡K mZK© Kiƒb| Mvwoi BwÄb eÜ Kiƒb| Õaygcvb wb‡laÕ e¨e¯’v MªnY Kiƒb| cieZ©x mvnvh¨ †c‡Z n‡j: cv‡k `vov‡bv KvD‡K h_v kªxNÖ m¤¢e G¨v¤y‡jÝ WvKvi Rb¨ cvVvb; hvbevn‡bi msL¨v , AvnZ‡`i msL¨v Ges `yN©Ubvi mwVK ¯’vb eY©bv Kiƒb| hvbevn‡bi †fZ‡i _vKv †jvKRb:
hvbevn‡bi †fZ‡i _vKv AvnZ‡`i Acmvib Ki‡eb bv hw` AviI yN©Ubvi Avks¼v bv _v‡K|
hw` k¦vm eÜ n‡q hvq: gyL n‡Z †h †Kvb m¤¢ve¨ cÖwZeÜKZv Acmvib Kiƒb| gv_v †cQ‡bi w`‡K hZ`yi m¤¢e Gwj‡q ivLyb-k¦vm cÖk¦vm ïiƒ n‡Z cv‡i Ges gyLgÛ‡ji is Gi DbœwZ n‡Z cv‡i | hw` bv nq, GK mv‡_ AvnZ‡`i bv‡K wPgwU KvUzb Ges eyK dz‡j DVvi c~e© ch©š‘ gy‡Li †fZi w`‡q dz w`b; gyL mwi‡q †djyb, Zvici hZ¶b ch©š‘ GKv k¦vm Ki‡Z bv cv‡i ZZ¶Y ch©š‘ Pvi †m‡KÛ cici dz w`b|
hw` A‡PZb nq Ges k¦vm K‡i: AvnZ‡K bvov‡j AviI ¶wZ n‡Z cv‡i, myZivs ïay wec`¾&bK n‡j ’vbvš‘i Ki‡eb| hw` k¦vm Ki‡Z Kó nq A_ev e›` n‡q hvq Zv n‡j c~‡e©i Aby‡PQ` Abyhvqx e¨e¯’v Kiƒb|
hw` i³ †ei n‡Z _v‡K: AvnZ RvqMvi Dci †`‡ni Ab¨ As‡ki Pvc Qvov m¤¢e n‡j cwi¯‹vi Kvco w`‡q AvnZ RvqMv nvZ w`‡q k³ fv‡e †P‡c aiƒb| e¨v‡ÛR A_ev c¨v‡Wi mvnv‡h¨ ¶Z ’vbwU wbivc` Kiƒb| hw` †`‡ni A½-cÖZ¨½ fv½v bv nq Zv n‡j i³ Siv Kgv‡bv Rb¨ Dc‡ii w`‡K Zz‡j ivLyb |
cybivq wbwðZ nIqv: AvnZiv gvbwmK AvNvZ †c‡Z cv‡ib, wKš‘ `ªyZ wPwKrmv GUv cÖkgb Ki‡Z cv‡i; wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ Zv‡K Avk¦ ‘ Kiƒb; AcÖ‡qvRbxq bovPov Gov‡bvi †Póv Kiƒb, Zv‡K Avivg`vqK RvqMvq ivLyb Ges kxZj nIqv cÖwZ‡iva Kiƒb, AvnZ‡K GKv †i‡L hv‡eb bv|
AvnZ‡K wKQyB cvb Ki‡Z †`‡eb bv cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvi ev· enb Kiƒb| †Kvb Dchy³ msMVb n‡Z cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv wkLyb|
- 49 -
`vwq‡Z¡i m‡½ wbivc‡`
Mvwo Pvjv‡bvi ZË¡
WªvBwfs cix¶vi Rb¨
AwZwi³ Z_¨
I ZË¡ Dcv`vb
UxKv: G Dc‡`kmg~n moK ms‡K‡Zi Ask bq Ges 9
n‡Z 67 c„ôv ch©š‘ ms‡KZmg~‡ni mgvb AvBbMZ
†hvM¨Zv ‡bB|
`vwq‡Z¡i m‡½ wbivc‡`
Mvwo Pvjv‡bvi ZË¡
m~wPcÎ
wbivc‡` Mvwo Pvjv‡bv............................................ 101
mZK© †nvb Ges Ab¨vb¨ moK e¨enviKvix‡`i
cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZkxj _vKzb ........................................ 102
moK e¨enviKvixiv, Avcbviv we‡kl fv‡e mZK© †nvb... 104
wbwðZ †nvb †h Avcwb Mvwo Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ Dchy³ ........ 106
Avcbvi Mvwo mwVK fv‡e cwiPvjbv Kiv ..................... 106
Lvivc AvenvIqvq Mvwo Pvjv‡bv ............................... 109
iv‡Z Mvwo Pvjv‡bv................................................ 111
‡gvUiI‡q Ges ‰ØZ PjvPjKvix mo‡K Mvwo Pvjv‡bv ..... 112
µwUc~b© hvbevnb Ges wbivcËvi hšÎcvwZ.................. 113
Pvjvevi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq KvMRcÎ ............................ 114
weKj nIqv Ges `yN©Ubv †gvKv‡ejv........................... 116
hvbevn‡b gvj †evSvB Kiv ..................................... 117
wbivc‡` Mvwo Pvjv‡bv
- 50 -
PvjK Ges Av‡ivnxi fy‡ji Rb¨ kZKiv 90 fv‡Mi Dci `yN©Ubv N‡U| Avcbv‡K me
mgq mZK© _vK‡Z n‡e Avcbv‡K Ab¨gb¯‹ n‡Z w`‡eb bv| Avcbvi Pviw`‡K hv wKQy
n‡PQ †m m¤c‡K© mZK© _vKzb|
‡h †KD fyj Ki‡Z cv‡ib| mevB m¤c~b© mwVK PvjK Ggb †Kvb K_v †bB|
1| Avcwb bZzb PvjK n‡j we‡kl fv‡e mZK© _vKzb| cwimsL¨vb Abyhvqx †`Lv hvq 17
n‡Z 25 eQi ch©š‘ eq¯‹iv Ges wKQyw`b c~‡e© hviv cix¶vq cvk K‡i‡Qb ZvivB Lye
m¤¢eZ †Kvb me©bvk A_ev gvivZœK `yN©Ubvi Kvib|
2| †Kvb wKQy †Pv‡L †`Lv Ges †m m¤c‡K© m‡PZb nIqv GK bq Avcbv‡K SzwKi gvÎv
wePvi Ki‡Z n‡e| †cf‡g‡›Ui Dci GKRb c_Pvix nq‡Zv:
‡hLv‡b Av‡Qb †mLv‡bB _vK‡Z cv‡ib- †Kvb SzwK †bB
Ab¨w`‡K ZvwK‡q mo‡Ki Dci †`Šo w`‡Z DبZ nIqv-GKwU gvivZœK SzwK|
c_Pvixiv Ges Ab¨vb¨ moK e¨enviKvixiv wK Ki‡Z cv‡i wePvi Kivi †Póv Kiƒb|
3| Avcbvi AvkvZxZ wbivcËvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z _vK‡eb| KwVb cwiw¯’wZi Rb¨ ˆZix _vKzb-
†hgb aiƒb, euvKv‡bv †gvo mo‡Ki Rb¨ cÖwZeÜKZv n‡q‡Q|
4| moK Abyhvqx Avcbvi Mvwo Pvjv‡bv wgwj‡q wbb| Rskbmn mo‡Ki cÖwZ we‡klfv‡e
†Lqvj ivLyb|
MwZ Kgvb|
Mvwo _vgv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ ‘Z _vK‡eb|
cvk¦© mo‡K Ges MÖv‡gi †jbmg~‡n †hLv‡b nq‡Zv wPý nxb Rskb Av‡Q, †mLv‡b
mZK©Zvi mv‡_ AMÖmi †nvb | wPýnxb Rsk‡b Kv‡iv AMÖvwaKvi †bB|
5| m‡e©vPP MwZmxgv j¶¨ wn‡m‡e g‡b Ki‡eb bv| H MwZ‡Z me mgq Pvjv‡bv wbivc`
n‡e bv | moK Ges Uªvwd‡Ki Ae¯’v me mgq wn‡me Kiƒb|
6| mo‡Ki Ici weP¶Yfv‡e Avcbvi Ae¯’vb wVK Kiƒb|
‡hgb, Wvb w`‡K euvKv‡bv mo‡K evgw`‡K Ae¯’vb †bqvi A_© n‡e|
moK †`Lvi Rb¨ Avcbvi `„k¨Zvi DbœwZ
wecixZ w`K n‡Z AvMZ Uªvwd‡Ki mv‡_ msNl© Gov‡bv|
7| wbqšÎ‡Yi Rb¨ mwVK ¯’vb cQ›` Kiƒb| hw` Avcbvi Mvwo Nyiv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb nq,
A‡c¶v Kiƒb hZ¶b ch©š‘ Lvwj RvqMv bv cvb| e¨¯Z mo‡K †cQ‡bi w`‡K Mvwo
Pvjv‡eb bv A_ev wecixZ w`‡K Mvwo Nyiv‡eb bv| †Kvb wfonxb cvk¦© moK †`Lyb A_ev
K‡qKwU cvk¦© moK Ny‡i Pvjvb|
8| wbivc‡` Mvwo Pvjv‡bv Rb¨ Avcbvi m¤c~b© g‡bv‡hv‡Mi cÖ‡qvRb| g‡bv‡hvM mwi‡q
†bq Ggb wKQy Gwo‡q Pjyb †hgb, DPP k‡ã Mvb †kvbv (hv Ab¨vb¨ kã A¯có K‡i)
Ges GKB mgq Ab¨ wKQy Kivi †Póv Ki‡eb bv †hgb, g¨vc cov A_ev †gvevBj †dvb
e¨envi Kiv|
9| g` cvb K‡i Mvwo Pvjvv‡eb bv | G¨vjKnj
mg‡kªYxf~³ Kiv Kgv‡e
cÖwZwµqv Kiv Kgv‡e
MwZ wePvi Ki‡Z euvav n‡e
kixi n‡Z G¨vjKnj m‡i †h‡Z mgq †bq; Avcwb nq‡Zv ciw`b mKv‡jI Mvwo Pvjv‡Z
Aby‡cvhy³ n‡Z cv‡ib| hw` Avcwb cvb Ki‡Z hvb Zv n‡j Mbcwienb e¨envi Kiƒb|
mZK© †nvb Ges Ab¨vb¨ moK e¨enviKvix‡`i
cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZkxj _vKzb DMÖfv‡e Mvwo Pvjv‡eb bv | hw` Ab¨ †Kvb PvjK Amyweavi KviY nq Zv n‡j Zv‡K
eySv‡Z †Póv Kiƒb|
10| hw` mo‡K †KD Lvivc e¨envi K‡ib, GUv‡Z Ask wb‡Z hv‡eb bv| hw` Avcwb
ivMvwš^Z nb Zv n‡j _vgyb Ges kvš‘ †nvb|
11| Avcbvi †cQb n‡Z hw` †Kvb Mvwo Ifvi‡UK Ki‡Z Pvq, †Kvb cÖwZwµqv Ki‡eb
bv| MwZ mxgvi g‡a¨ Ges GKB jvB‡b Pj‡Z _vKzb| wKbvivq _vgyb hw` GUv wbivc`
nq Ges MvwowU AwZµg K‡i †h‡Z w`b| †h PvjKMY Ifvi‡UK K‡i †h‡Z Pvb KLbI
Zv‡`i euvav w`‡eb bv| hLb †KD Ifvi‡UK Ki‡Z _v‡K ZLb MwZ e„wÏ Kiv A_ev
AcwiKwíZ fv‡e Pvjv‡j Avcwb gvivZœK wec¾bK KviY n‡Z cv‡ib|
12| Wvb w`‡K ms‡KZ ‡`qv †Kvb hvbevnb‡K KL‡bv Ifvi‡UK Ki‡eb bv| Ggb wK
hw` Avcwb wek¦vm K‡ib †h ms‡KZ evwZj Kiv n‡q‡Q ZeyI SzuwK wb‡eb bv| ms‡KZ
evwZj Kiv ch©š‘ A‡c¶v Kiƒb|
- 51 -
13| Rsk‡b hw` †Kvb hvbevnb Avcbvi c‡_ Av‡m, MwZ Kgvb Ges †cQ‡b _vKzb
Rskb Lvwj Kivi Rb¨| †cQ‡b Lye wbK‡U Pvwj‡q AwZwi³ cÖwZwµqv Ki‡eb bv|
14| hLb Ab¨ hvbevnb Abymib Ki‡eb ZLb _vgv‡bvi Rb¨ ch©vß RvqMv ivLyb, hw`
mvg‡bi Mvwo †eªK †`q A_ev w`b cwieZ©b K‡i| Ag‡bv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ A_ev Lye wbK‡U
Abymib Kivi Rb¨ †cQ‡b msNl© nq|
15| UªvwdK PjvPj Ae¨vnZ ivLvi Rb¨ nq ‡Zv mvg‡bi Mvwo n‡Z Avcbvi g‡a¨ `~iZ¡
Kgv‡Z n‡e, †hLv‡b UªvwdK PjvPj axi MwZi | Z_vwc Lye wbK‡U hv‡eb bv, hw`
wbivc‡` _vgv‡Z bv cv‡ib| hw` UªvwdK PjvPj eÜ n‡q hvq Zv n‡j wVK GZUzKz RvqMv
ivLyb hv‡Z wbqšÎb Ki‡Z cv‡ib †hgb, mvg‡bi Mvwo weKj n‡q c‡i A_ev †Kvb
Riƒix wefv‡Mi hvbevnb AwZµg Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
16| cvK© Kiv Mvwomn AvevwmK GjvKvi miƒ mo‡K mvavibZ Avcbvi 20 gvBj cÖwZ
N›Uvi wbqg AwZµg Kiv DwPr bq|
wec`RbK NUbv j¶¨ Kiƒb †hgb :
Rskb n‡Z AvMZ hvbevnb
Pvjv‡Z ïiƒ Kiv hvbevnb
Mvwoi `iRv Lyj‡Z _vKv
cvK© Kiv hvbevn‡bi ga¨ n‡Z c_Pvix‡`i †`Šov‡Z _vKv|
17| Uªvwd‡Ki cÖevn wePvi Ki‡Z †Póv Kiƒb Ges c_Pvix‡`i cvi nIqvi RvqMv
ivLyb|
moK e¨enviKvixiv, Avcbviv
we‡kl fv‡e mZK© †nvb
c_Pvixiv 18| kni GjvKvq eo iK‡gi SzwK Av‡Q c_Pvix‡`i Rb¨| we‡kl K‡i wkï‡`i Rb¨
hviv nVvr K‡i mo‡K cv evovq| Avcbvi Mvwo 64 wK. wg. CÖwZ N›Uvq MwZ‡Z †h †Kvb
c_Pvix‡K AvNvZ Ki‡j Zv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡e| 32 wK.wg. cÖwZ N›Uvq MwZ‡Z 20wU NUbvi
g‡a¨ 1wU Nubvi c_Pvixiv wbnZ nb| myZivs Avcbvi MwZ‡K nZ¨v Kiƒb, gvbyl‡K bq|
19| moK cvi n‡Z e„× c_Pvixiv nq‡Zv AwaK mgq wb‡Z cv‡ib| ˆah©¨ aiƒb Ges
Zv‡`i mgq gZ cvi n‡Z w`b| nvZ w`‡q A_ev Bwćb kã K‡i Zv‡`i Zvov Ki‡eb
bv|
20| hw` Avcbvi cv‡ki mo‡K wifvm© Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq, Mvwoi Pviw`‡K †`Lyb Ges
c_Pvix‡`i c_ w`b hviv nq‡Zv moK cvi n‡Z Pvb|
mvB‡Kj PvjKMb 21| mvB‡Kj PvjK‡`i AwZµg Kivi mgq mZK© _vKzb| moK Rsk‡b A_ev †MvP°‡i
mvB‡Kj PvjK‡`i †h †Kvb w`‡K hvIqvi Rb¨ ˆZix _vKzb| Zviv axi Ges AvnZ‡hvM¨
Ges me mgq wbKU-cvk¦© mo‡K _vKv Zv‡`i Rb¨ wbivc`, Ggb wK hLb Zviv †Mvj
P°‡ii Pviw`‡K AwaKvsk c_ AwZµg Ki‡eb|
eq¯‹ PvjKMb 22| eq¯‹ PvjK‡`i cÖwZwµqv nq‡Zv `ªZ bq †hgb GK mgq wQj| GUv †g‡b wbb|
AbwfÁ PvjKMb 23| †h mKj Pvj‡Ki mvgvb¨ AwfÁZv Av‡Q Ges Zv‡`i cÖwZwµqv nq‡Zv AwaK
Abykxjbc~b© PvjK‡`i mgvb wVK `ªyZ bq Zv‡`i Rb¨I Avcwb ˆZix _vK‡eb| AwaKvsk
Kiƒb PvjKiv AbwfÁ| we‡kl K‡i wk¶v_©x PvjK‡`i Rb¨ ˆah©¨ aiƒb|
jwi I Ab¨vb¨ e„nr hvbevnbmg~n 24| e„nr hvbevnb Avcbvi †`Lvi c_ AvUKv‡Z cv‡i| †cQ‡b `~‡i _vK‡j Avcbvi
†`Lvi Ges mvg‡b cwiKíbv Kivi my‡hvM e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i|
- 52 -
25| hw` Avcwb e„nr hvbevnb‡K Ifvi‡UK Kivi cwiKíbv K‡ib Zv n‡j fvj fv‡e
moK †`Lvi Rb¨ A‡bK †cQ‡b _vKzb| ˆ`‡N¨©I Rb¨ e„nr hvbevnb AwZµg Kiv
SuywKc~Y© Ges A‡bK mgq jvM‡Z cv‡i| Ifvi‡UK ïiƒ Kivi c~‡e© wbwðZ †nvb †h
Avcbvi ch©vß RvqMv Av‡Q Ifvi‡UK Kivi Rb¨ | KLbI SzwK wb‡eb bv| hw` m‡›`n
_v‡K, Ifvi‡UK Ki‡eb bv|
26| hw` Avcbvi mvg‡bi MvwowU eo A_ev `xN© †Kvb hvbevnb‡K Ifvi‡UK Ki‡Z
_v‡K Zv n‡j g‡b Ki‡eb bv †h, AvcwbI Zv‡K Abymib Ki‡Z cv‡ib| hw` †Kvb
Amyweavi m„wó nq, mvg‡bi MvwowU Ifvi‡UwKs cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges †cQ‡b
RvqMvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e|
27| Nyievi Rb¨ `xN© hvbevn‡bi mo‡K AwZwi³ RvqMvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i A_ev
wec¾bK cwiw¯’wZ Gov‡Z hv Avcwb †`L‡Z cv‡PQb bv | hw` Avcwb GKwU eo hvb
Abymib Ki‡Z _v‡Kb, †hgb, D`vnib¯^iƒc GKwU jwi-hw` Zvi Nyievi Rb¨ RvqMvi
A_ev mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb nq Zv n‡j _vgv‡bvi Rb¨ Ges A‡c¶v Kivi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z _vKzb|
‡gvUi mvB‡Kjmg~n 28| hw` Avcwb †gvUi mvB‡Kj Abymib Ki‡Z _v‡Kb Zv n‡j mnmv Zv‡K Ny‡i †h‡Z
cÖ ‘Z _vK‡eb| mvg‡b wK Av‡Q Zv nq‡Zv Avcwb bvI †`L‡Z cv‡ib| mo‡Ki A-mgvb
RvqMv †hgb, wfRv mo‡K †Wª‡bi XvKzwb Ges Ab¨vb¨ moK AvK…wZ †gvUi mvB‡Kj
PvjKiv Gwo‡q Pj‡Z cv‡ib|
evm, †KvP, Uªvg, ˆe`y¨wZK hvbevnb Ges AvBmwµg f¨vb mg~n 29| evm, †KvP Ges Uªv‡g IVv-bvgv Ki‡Z _vKv hvÎx‡`i cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiƒb | ¯‹zj evm
A_ev AvBmwµg f¨vb AwZµg Kivi mgq we‡klfv‡e mZK© _vKzb| Kvib nq‡Zv †Q‡j
†g‡qiv Gi †cQb n‡Z †`Š‡o Avm‡Z cv‡i|
30| ˆe y wZK hvbevnb n‡Z mZK© _vKzb| Uªvg¸‡jv ª~Z Ges bxi‡e P‡j Ges Zv
Avcbv‡K Gwo‡q †h‡Z w÷qvwis Nyiv‡Z cv‡i bv|
RxeRš‘
31| MÖvg GjvKvq Avcwb m¤¢eZ mo‡Ki Dci RxeRš‘ †`L‡Z cv‡eb| hw` moK
GK`j RxeRš‘ Øviv eÜ _v‡K Zv n‡j Avcwb _vgyb Ges Avcbvi Mvwoi BwÄb eÜ Kiƒb
hZ¶b ch©š‘ RxeRš‘ moK †Q‡o bv hvq|
32| A‡k¦i `j Ges Ak¦v‡ivnx‡`i m¤c‡K© we‡klfv‡e mZK© _vKzb| †Kvb †Kvb
Ak¦v‡ivnxiv nq‡Zv wk¶vbexk|
wbwðZ †nvb †h Avcwb Mvwo Pv‡jv‡bvi Rb¨ Dchy³ Lvivc Abyfe Ki‡j A_ev Avcbvi Mvwo Pvjv‡bv Dci Jl‡ai cÖwZwµqv Ki‡j Mvwo
Pvjv‡eb bv| Jl‡ai cÖwZwµqvi Dci m‡›`n _vK‡j Mvwo Pvjv‡eb bv|
33| Jla †me‡bi wb‡`©kmg~n mwVK nIqvi Rb¨ cix¶v Kiƒb †h GUv Mvwo Pvjv‡bvi
Dci †Kvb cÖwZwµqv †d‡j bv|
34| Mvwo Pvjvevi mgq hw` Avcwb K¬vš‘ nb A_ev Nyg Av‡m Zv n‡j wbivc` ¯’v‡b
_vgyb (‡gvUiI‡qi nvW©‡mvjWv‡i bq) Ges ^íKvjxb wekªvg wbb| hLb Avcwb _vgv‡eb
ZLb wKQy Kwd cvb Avcbv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡e mRvM ivL‡Z Ges g‡bv‡hvM DbœZ Ki‡Z|
35| wbwðZ †nvb †h Avcwb Mvwo Pvjvevi Rb¨ mwVK †cvlvK c‡o‡Qb| Avcbvi †cvlvK
Avivg`vqK n‡Z n‡e Ges †cvlvK †hb Mvwo wbqšÎ‡b evav m„wó bv K‡i wbivc‡`
†cWvj e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib GUv wbwðZ nIqvi Rb¨ Dchy³ RyZv we‡kl fv‡e
¸iyZ¡c~Y©|
Avcbvi Mvwo mwVK fv‡e cwiPvjbv Kiv wbwðZ †nvb †h Mvwoi wbqšÎK Ges hšÎcvwZ Avcwb mwVK fv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z
cv‡ib|
36| Avcbvi myweavi Rb¨, c~b© wbqšÎb Ges fvjfv‡e †`Lvi Rb¨ Avmb Ges
Avqbvmg~n web¨¯‘ K‡i wbb| `yN©Ubvi mg‡q Nvo AvnZ nIqvi SzwK Kgvq hw` mwVK
fv‡e gv_v Avm‡bi mv‡_ web¨¯‘ Kiv nq |
37| me mgq hvbevn‡bi c~b© wbqšÎ‡b _vKzb| `iRvi mv‡_ nvZ †i‡L †n‡j emv,
wMqvi `Û A_ev nvZ †eª‡Ki Dci nvZ †i‡L Aemi †bqv A_ev GK nvZ w`‡q wóqvwis
a‡i ivLv wbqšÎ‡bi Rb¨ LyeB KwVb hw` nVvr †Kvb wec` Av‡m|
- 53 -
38| wbwðZ †nvb hv‡Z Avcbvi R¡vjvbx †kl bv nq| iv¯Zvq PjvP‡ji mgq kw³
nvwi‡q †djv LyeB wec¾bK n‡Z cv‡i| ïay †mB cv‡Î †c‡Uªvj enb Kiƒb hv H Kv‡Ri
Rb¨ ˆZix Kiv n‡q‡Q|
‡eªK †`qv Ges MwZ evov‡bv 39| Riƒix Ae¯nv Qvov wbivc‡` †eªK †`qvi wbqg n‡jv cÖ_‡g nvjKvfv‡e, Zvici
GKUz k³fv‡e hLb _vg‡Z _vK‡eb Gici _vgvi wVK c~‡e© Avevi †eªK nvjKv Kiv|
SvKzwb w`‡q _vgv Gov‡bvi Rb¨ †eª‡Ki Dci Pvc nvjKv Kiƒb hLb Mvwo _vg‡Z _v‡K|
40| Riƒix Ae ’vq ªyZ †eªK w`b| hw` Avcbv‡K Mvwo‡Z G¨vbwUjK †eªK wm‡÷g
(ABS) mshy³ bv _v‡K, Zv n‡j Avcbvi Mvwo kã K‡i †eªK Kiv Gov‡Z †Póv Kiƒb
(41 wbqg †`Lyb)|
41| †fRv A_ev wcwPQj mo‡K †eªK w`‡j hw` Mvwo w¯‹W Ki‡Z _v‡K, Zv n‡j PvKv
†Nvivi Rb¨ †eªK †cWvj †Q‡o w`b Zvici Avevi nvjKv fv‡e †eªK w`b| G Ae ’vi
A‡bK cybive„wË n‡Z cv‡i Ges Zv ÕK¨v‡Wbm †eªwKsÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
42| †eªK †cWvj Qvovi cÖ‡qvRb e¨wZ‡i‡K G¨vbwU-jK †eªwKs wm‡÷g ¯^qswµq fv‡e
K¨v‡Wbm †eªwKs cÖ‡qvM K‡i| myZivs Avcbvi G †UKwbK e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e bv hw`
Avcbvi Mvwo‡Z G we Gm _v‡K| hw` Mvwo‡Z GweGm mshy³ _v‡K Zv n‡j Avcbvi
†cWv‡ji Dci AbeiZ Pvc ivLv DwPZ| GweGm PvKv¸‡jv AvU‡K †h‡Z cÖwZnZ K‡i
hv‡Z Avcwb †Kvb euvav KvUv‡Z w÷qvwis Nyiv‡Z cv‡ib|
43| MwZ e„w×, `ªƒZ Pvjv‡bv, †`wi‡Z A_ev nVvr †eªK †`qv GB me R¡vjvbx LiP e„w×
K‡i| R¡vjvbx e¨envi Ki‡Z wgZe¨qx †nvb|
44| †eª‡Ki Dci cvwb _vK‡j Gi Kvh©KvwiZv nq‡Zv nviv‡Z cv‡i| hw` cvwbi g‡a¨
Mvwo Pvjvb †hgb eb¨v, cvwbi cvBc †d‡U †M‡j †mLv‡b A_ev Amfxi ’v‡b Zv n‡j
cÖ_‡g Av‡ ‘ †eªK Pvc w`‡q cix¶v Kiƒb †h GUv KvR K‡i| hw` †eªK KvR bv K‡i Zv
n‡j hLb ax‡i PvjvB‡eb ZLb †eª‡Ki Dci Av‡¯‘ Pvc w`‡Z _vKzb| †eªK¸‡jv‡K
ïKv‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|
cÖevwnZ n‡q Pjv (wMqvi Qvov) 45| Mvwo Pvjvevi Ae¯’v hv †nvK KLbI cÖevwnZ n‡q (wMqvi Qvov Pvjv‡eb bv)| hLb
Avcwb Avcbvi Mvwo wbDUªv‡j †i‡L A_ev K¬vP †P‡c P‡jb ZLb cÖevn msMwVZ nq|
GUv Pvj‡Ki Mvwo wbqšÎb ¶gZv Kgvq | KviY GUv BwÄb †eªK †`qv n«vm K‡i| Gi
A_© Avcbv‡K cv‡qi †eªK A‡bK e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges A‡bK e¨env‡i GUvi
Kvh©KvwiZv n«vm †c‡Z cv‡i|
cÖevwnZ n‡q Pjv mo‡Ki †gv‡o Ges †Kvbvq w÷qvwis wbqšÎb nq‡Zv n«vm Ki‡e, wUjvi
Xvjy‡Z Mvwoi MwZ e„w× Ki‡e Ges cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq mwVK wMqvi wbe©vPb Kiv KwVb n‡e|
‡gvo †Nviv Ges †cQ‡b Pvjv‡bv 46| hLb †gvo Nyi‡eb A_ev †cQ‡b Pvjv‡eb ZLb Ab¨vb¨ moK e¨enviKvix A_ev
c_Pvix‡`i Rb¨ Avcwb Aek¨B Pviw`‡K †`‡L †b‡eb| Avcbvi Avqbvmg~n e¨envi
Kiƒb wKš‘ we‡kl K‡i †cQ‡bi w`‡K Ges cv‡ki Rvbvjv w`‡q †`Lyb|
evwZ Ges ms‡KZmg~n 47| Ab¨vb¨ moK e¨enviKvixi Rb¨ †`qv ms‡KZ m¤c‡K© wPš‘v Kiƒb| wbwðZ †nvb †h
Avcbvi BbwW‡KU‡ii e¨envi †hb Ab¨‡K fyj avibv bv †`q| Dc`vnib¯^iƒc †hgb,
hw` Avcwb †Kvb cvk¦© mo‡Ki c‡i _vgv‡Z Pvb, Zv n‡j Lye Av‡M †_‡K ms‡KZ †`qv
Gwo‡q Pjyb KviY GUv Ab¨‡K avibv w`‡e †h Avcwb cvk¦© mo‡K Nyi‡Z Pvb|
c_Pvix‡`i myweavi Rb¨ BbwW‡KUi e¨envi Kiƒb, GgbwK hw` †mLv‡b Ab¨ †Kvb
hvbevnb bvI _v‡K|
48| hw` Avcwb g‡b K‡ib †h Avcbvi BbwW‡KUi cwi¯‹vi fv‡e †`Lv hv‡e bv Kvib
Ab¨ Pvj‡Ki „wó evavMÖ ’ n‡e, Avcbvi ms‡KZ‡K †Rvov‡jv Kivi Rb¨ nv‡Zi
mvnv‡h¨I ms‡KZ w`b|
49| hw` †Kvb Riƒix wefv‡Mi hvbevnb Avcbv‡K Abymib K‡i †nW jvBU SjKv‡Z
_v‡K Zv n‡j †hLv‡b m¤¢e wbivc‡` Zv‡K Ifvi‡UK Ki‡Z w`b|
- 54 -
wUjvi Dc‡i 50| wUjvi Ici n‡Z `xN© Xvjy c_ bvgvi mgq mvnv‡h¨I Rb¨ MwZ wbqšÎb Kiƒb,
Xvjy‡Z †cŠQvi A‡bK c~‡e©B MwZ Kgvb Ges †QvU wMqvi wbe©vPb Kiƒb|
51| hw` Avcwb wUjvi Dci Mvwo cvK© K‡ib Zv n‡j nvZ‡eªK k³ fv‡e Uvbyb| mvg‡bi
PvKv Kv‡e©i w`‡K Nywo‡q ivLyb| GUv MvwowU Xvjyi w`‡K bvgv eÜ Ki‡e| MvwowU wUjvi
Dc‡ii w`‡K gyL Kiv n‡j mvg‡bi wMqv‡i Ges Xvjyi w`‡K gyL Kiv n‡j †cQ‡b
Pvjvevi wMqv‡i ivLyb| hw` Avcbvi Mvwo‡Z A‡Uv‡gwUK wMqvi e· _v‡K Zv n‡j wMqvi
cvK© G ivLyb|
Lvivc AvenvIqvq Mvwo Pvjv‡bv Lvivc AvenvIqvq Mvwo Pvjv‡bv Gov‡Z †Póv Kiƒb| we‡kl fv‡e mZK© †nvb hw` GKvš‘
Pvjv‡ZB nq| hZ`~i ch©š‘ Lvwj †`Lv hvq Ges †h `~i‡Z¡i g‡a¨ _vgv‡Z cv‡ib ïay
Ggb MwZ‡ZB Pvjv‡eb|
e„wóeûj AvenvIqvq
﯋ mo‡Ki †P‡q _vgv‡bvi ~iZ¡ Pvi ¸b e„w× cv‡e KviY Gmgq Avcbvi
Uvqv‡ii moK AvKwW‡q Nivi ¶gZv Kg _vK‡e| mvg‡bi Mvwo n‡Z A‡bK
~‡i _vKzb| GUv Avcbvi mvg‡b †`Lvi GescwiKíbv Kivi my‡hvM e„w×
Ki‡e|
w÷qvwis cÖevweZ (affected) n‡Z cv‡i| hw` Avcwb †fRv mo‡K Mvwo
Pvjvb Ges nvjKv n‡q c‡i, GUvi A_© GB †h cvwb Uvqvi‡K moK AvKwW‡q
ai‡Z cÖwZnZ Ki‡Q| Ggb n‡j G‡·‡jUi n‡Z cv mwi‡q †djyb Ges ax‡i
ax‡i MwZ Kgvb|
`xN© hvbevnb n‡Z †¯cÖ Kiv cvwb †`Lvi Rb¨ nq‡Zv KwVb n‡Z cv‡i, myZivs
Mfxi Av‡jv e¨envi Kiƒb|
52| eid Ave„Z mo‡K A_ev ZzlvicvZ AvenvIqvq
hvÎv ïiƒ Kievi c~‡e© Avcbvi Rvbvjv, Avqbv, evwZ Ges bv¤^vi †c −Umgyn n‡Z
Zzlvi Ges eid cwi¯‹vi Kiƒb| wbwðZ †nvb †h Rvbvjv n‡Z Kyqvkv m¤c~b©
cwi¯‹vi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
﯋ mo‡Ki †P‡q _vgv‡bv `~iZ¡ `k ¸b †ekx n‡Z cv‡i, myZivs mvg‡bi Mvwo
n‡Z A‡bK y‡i _vKzb|
hLb moK eid c~Y© ZLb wbqš‘‡bi Dci AwZwi³ kvš‘ _vKzb Kvib †h †Kvb
nVvr cwiPvjbvq Mvwo w¯‹W (skid) Ki‡Z cv‡i| PvKv wcQjv‡bv Gov‡bvi
Rb¨ Dc‡ii wMqv‡i hZ ax‡i Pvjv‡bv m¤^e ZZ ax‡i Pvjvb|
hLb †gvo A_ev wec¾bK GjvKvi w`‡K AMÖmi n‡eb, †gv‡o †cŠQvi A‡bK
c~‡e©B †eªK w`b Ges hLb †mvRv Pvjv‡eb ZLb †eªK c~‡e©B w`‡Z †Póv Kiƒb|
Ab¨_vq Avcwb w¯‹W Ki‡Z cv‡ib | †gvo Nyievi c~‡e© MwZ G‡Kev‡i Kwg‡q
†djyb Ges w÷qvwis nvjKv fv‡e Nyivb| nVvr cwiPvjbv cwinvi Kiƒb|
hLb moK Zzlvi, eid c~Y©, ZLb †Kvb wbivc` RvqMv cQ›` K‡i mo‡Ki
Dci PvKvi AvKwo‡q aivi ¶gZv nvjKv ev‡e †eªK w`qv cix¶v Kiƒb| hw`
w÷qvwis nvjKv g‡b nq Zv n‡j g‡b Ki‡eb GUv nq‡Zv Nb ei‡di Bsw½Z
Ges Avcbvi Mvwo moK AvK‡o aivi ¶gZv nviv‡PQ|
w¯‹W Kiv 53| g‡b Ki‡eb bv †h Avcwb w¯‹W m¤c~b© wbqšÎb Ki‡Z cv‡ib, †mLv‡b nq‡Zv ch©vß
RvqMv †bB|
54| wW¯‹‡Wi Kvib n‡Z cv‡i Ggb me wKQy Gov‡Z †Póv Kiƒb, wKš‘ hw` Avcwb
wbqšÎb nvwi‡q †d‡jb Zv n‡j †h w`‡K w¯‹W Ki‡Q †m w`‡K w÷qvwis ivLyb| †hgb
aiƒb, hw` †cQ‡bi PvKv Wvb w`‡K w¯‹W K‡i Zv n‡j cybiƒ×v‡ii Rb¨ ZvovZvwo Ges
ax‡i Wvb w`‡K w÷qvwis aiƒb|
55| S‡ov AvenvIqvq
DPz cvk¦© GjvKvmn hvbevn‡bi †P‡q wbPz Mvwo ¶wZMÖ¯’ nIqvi m¤¢vebv Kg wKš‘
g‡b ivL‡eb cÖPÛ S‡ov nvIqvi c‡¶ MšÎe¨ w`K n‡Z Mvwo Dwo‡q †bqv
m¤¢e|
‡Lvjv cÖmvwiZ moK cÖvqB wØ-gyLx S‡oi Ke‡j ci‡Z cv‡i| duvKv RvqMvi
cÖwZ j¶¨ ivLyb, †hLv‡b †Kvb †Svc A_ev †mZz Av‡Q hv Avcbvi Mvwoi Dci
evZv‡mi wµqv cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i|
- 55 -
hw` GUv Lye S‡ovnvIqv c~Y© nq Zv n‡j Avcwb nq‡Zv AwZµgKvix e„nr hvbevn‡bi m„ó evZv‡mi †eªK A_ev NywY©evqyi Øviv ¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡Z cv‡ib|
‡cWvj Ges †gvUimvB‡Kj PvjK‡`i AwZµg Kievi mgq AwZwi³ mZK© _vKzb, KviY evZvm Zv‡`i MšÎe¨ c_ n‡Z Dwo‡q Avb‡Z cv‡i| †Kvb DuPz hvbevnb Ifvi‡UKKvix mvB‡Kj PvjK n‡Z A‡bK †cQ‡b _vKzb|
56| Kzqvkvq A_ev Lvivc `„wó‡MvPi Ae¯’vq MwZ Kgvb, KviY Avcwb mvg‡bi Ae¯’v †`L‡Z cv‡PQb bv| moK Rsk‡b mxwgZ „wó‡MvPi Ae ’vq , mwVK ’v‡b _vgyb Ges Zvici Dfq
w`K fvjfv‡e †`‡L mZK©Zvi mv‡_ mvg‡b AMÖmi †nvb| hw` Avcwb wbwðZ nb †h AMÖmi nIqv wbivc` Zv n‡j ZvovZvwo AMÖmi †nvb | hLb Avcwb †Kvb Ae ’v‡b †cŠuQv‡eb †hLv‡b Avcbvi c_ a‡i UªvwdK AMÖmi n‡e, †mLv‡b _vgv‡eb bv|
mvg‡bi hvbevnb n‡Z A‡bK `~‡i _vKzb, hw` KviY ekZt GUv nVvr _vgvq| hLb †gvUiI‡q Ges ‰ØZ PjvPjKvix mo‡K ågY Ki‡eb ZLb GUv we‡kl fv‡e ¸iƒZ¡c~Y©|
57| Lye Mig AvenvIqvq mZK© †nvb mo‡Ki DcwifvM big n‡q Av‡Q| Avcbvi w÷qvwis Ges †eªK Avµvš‘ n‡Z cv‡i|
iv‡Z Mvwo Pvjv‡bv w`‡bi Av‡jvq Mvwo Pvjv‡bvi †P‡q iv‡Z Mvwo Pvjv‡bv AwaK wec¾bK, myZivs we‡klfv‡e mZK© †nvb| iv‡Z Avcwb nq‡Zv A‡bK Kg wRwbm †`L‡Z cv‡ib Ges mo‡Ki †gvo I Ab¨vb¨ wec¾bK GjvKv nq‡Zv bvI †`L‡Z cv‡ib| 58| mywPwš‘Zfv‡e Avcbvi Av‡jv e¨envi Kiƒb| hLb Ifvi‡UK Ki‡eb, Ab¨vb¨ hvbevn‡bi †j‡f‡j bv Avmv ch©š‘ Mfxi Av‡jv e¨envi Kiƒb Ges Zvici cwieZ©b K‡i cÖavb Av‡jvq Avmyb| GUv Dfq Mvwo‡K mvg‡b †`L‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| hw` wecixZ w`K n‡Z †Kvb hvbevnb Avm‡Z _v‡K A_ev hw` Avcwb †Kvb hvbevn‡bi †cQ‡b _v‡Kb, Avcvbi Av‡jv Mfx‡i wbb| Ab¨vb¨ PvjK‡`i †PvL Sjmv‡bv wec¾bK| 59| hw` Avcwb †Kvb Av‡jv‡Kv¾j feb AwZµg K‡ib Zv n‡j Mvwo Pvjv‡bvi c~‡e Avcbvi †PvL‡K web¨¯‘ n‡Z mgq w`b| iv‡Z Avcbvi `„wó kw³ Kg n‡j Mvwo Pvjv‡eb bv|
‡gvUiI‡q Ges †ØZ PjvPjKvix mo‡K Mvwo Pvjv‡bv ‡gvUiI‡q mvavibZt Ab¨vb¨mo‡Ki †P‡q wbivc`, hvbevn‡bi MwZi Rb¨ †Kvb `yN©Ubv
NU‡j Zv gvivZœK n‡Z cv‡i|
Avcwb cÖ vKwUKvj †Uó cvk Kivi c‡i cwi`k©Knxb Mvwo Pvjv‡bvi c~‡e© †gvUiI‡q‡Z
AviI wKQy Abykxjb †bqvi civgk© †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i|
60| ågb ïiƒ Kivi Av‡M wbwðZ †nvb, Avcwb Ges Avcbvi Mvwo ªƒZ MwZi ågY
mvgjv‡Z cv‡i| Avcbvi Mvwoi
‡Zj
cvwb
Uvqvimg~n cix¶v Kiƒb|
G¸‡jv cix¶v Ki‡j Mvwo weKj n‡q cov n«vm Ki‡e|
61| Ifvi‡UK bv Ki‡j me mgq evg w`‡Ki †j‡b _vKzb| †h MwZ‡ZB Avcwb
ågY Kiƒb bv †Kb G wbqg cÖ‡hvR¨ | Ggb wK †gvUiI‡q‡Z 70 gvBj cÖwZ N›Uvq
Pvjv‡jI Avcwb evu w`‡Ki †j‡b _vK‡eb, hw` moK mvg‡b Lvwj _v‡K|
62| Ifvi‡UK Kivi A_ev †jb cwieZ©b Kivi c~‡e© Avcbvi Avqbvmg~n mZK©Zvi
mv‡_ cix¶v Kiƒb| hw` Avcwb †jb cwieZ©b K‡i Ab¨ ‡j‡b †h‡Z Pvb Zv n‡j
†jb Lvwj bv nIqv ch©š‘ BwÛ‡KUi w`‡q A‡c¶v Kiƒb|
63| †h mKj †gvUiI‡q‡Z wZb A_ev AwaK †jb Av‡Q †mLv‡b e„nr hvbevnbmg~n
Wvb w`‡Ki †jb e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Aby‡gvw`Z bq| wPš‘v bv K‡i Mvwo Pvjv‡j GUv
AMÖMwZi Rb¨ evuav n‡Z cv‡i|
64| †gvUiI‡q‡Z mgvbfv‡e wecixZ w`‡K hvbevnb Pj‡Z _vK‡j g‡b Ki‡eb †h
Avcwb ^vfvweK †Kvb †j‡bi †P‡q miƒ †j‡b ågY Ki‡Qb Ges Avcwb I AvMZ
hvbevn‡bi g‡a¨ †Kvb cÖwZeÜKZv mvaviY Mvwo Pvjv‡bvi Zzjbvq †gvUiI‡qi
cÖwZeÜKZv Qvov Dfq w`‡K PjvPjKvix Uªvwd‡K `yN©Ubv NUvi m¤¢vebv wظY| †h
†Kvb MwZi mxgv AbymiY Kiƒb, ax‡i Pvjvb Ges mvg‡bi Mvwo n‡Z ch©vß ~i‡Z¡
_vKzb|
- 56 -
µwUc~Y© hvbevnb Ges wbivcËvi hšÎcvwZ 65| wbwðZ †nvb †h hšÎcvwZi c¨v‡b‡j †`Lv‡bv mKj mZK© Kivi ms‡K‡Zi A_©
Avcwb eyS‡Z cv‡ib| Lvivc n‡PQ Ggb ms‡KZ AMÖvn¨ Ki‡eb bv | nq Avcbvi
Ges Ab¨v‡b¨i wbivcËv nq‡Zv SuywKi g‡a¨ ivL‡Z cv‡ib|
66| hLb Mvwo Pvjy Ki‡eb, †eª‡Ki Rb¨ mZK© Kivi evwZ, Zij c`v‡_©i †j‡fj
mZK©xKiY †eªK c¨vW jvMv‡bv, Gw›U jK †eªK wm‡ógmg~n (ABS) Ges cvwK©s †eªK
(nv‡Zi †eªK) R¡‡j DV‡e Zvici Avevi wb‡f hv‡e| hw` G¸‡jv bv R¡‡j, Zvn‡j
eyS‡Z n‡e nq‡Zv gvivZœK †Kvb µwU n‡q‡Q Ges Avcwb Mvwo cix¶v bv K‡i
Pvjv‡eb bv|
67| Mvwo Pvjvevi mgq hw` ‡Zj A_ev cvwbi evwZ R¡‡j D‡V, ZvovZvwo _vgyb
Ges Amyweav AbymÜvb Kiƒb| nq‡Zv †Kvb gvivZœK Amyweav Av‡Q hv BwÄb weKj
Kivi KviY n‡Z cv‡i|
68| Mvwo Pvjvevi mgq hw` PvR© mZK©xKiY evwZ R¡‡j D‡V Zv n‡j GUvi A_©
n‡Z cv‡i †h e¨vUvwi PvR© n‡PQ bv| evwZ Ges Ab¨vb¨ ˆe`y¨wZK wm‡ó‡gi kw³
nviv‡bvi c~‡e© hZ kxNÖ m¤¢e cix¶v Ki‡eb|
69| wbwðZ †nvb †h Avcwb Rv‡bb †KvbLv‡b wec` mZK©xKiY evwZ Aew¯’Z |
myBP Ges mZK© Kivi evwZ DfqB jvj Ges Z…-‡Kvb wPý †`qv|
70| wKQy¶Y cici Uvqv‡ii nvIqv cix¶v Kiƒb| hvÎvi Av‡M hLb Zv VvÛv ZLb
cix¶v Kiƒb| Aí Mig A_ev Lye Mig Uvqvi fyj wn‡me w`‡Z cv‡i | mvgvb¨
†dvjvb A_ev AwZwi³ ‡dvjvb Uvqv‡i Avcbvi †eªK Ges wóqvwis wecixZ cÖwZwµqv
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
71| †eª‡Ki †`v‡li Rb¨ , Szjvevi wm‡ó‡gi Rb¨ A_ev PvKv euvKv‡bv jvB‡bi Rb¨
Uvqv‡ii Zvi AwZwi³ A-mgZj n‡Z cv‡i| GB µwU¸‡jv hZ kxNÖ wVK K‡i wbb|
72| †eªK †`qvi mgq hw` Avcbvi Mvwo GKw`‡K †R‡M I‡V _v‡K GUvi A_© Lye
m¤¢eZ †eªK wVK fv‡e †gjv‡bv nqwb| Z_vwc wVKfv‡e Uvqvi bv †dvjvb A_ev
gvivZœK †Kvb hvwšÎK †Mvj‡hvMI Gi KviY n‡Z cv‡i| ZvovZvwo †Kvb M¨v‡iR
A_ev †gKvwb‡Ki mv‡_ Avjvc Kiƒb|
73| Mvwoi mvg‡b †cQ‡bi w`K a‡i wb‡P Pvc w`‡j hw` bvP‡Z _v‡K Zv n‡j
GUvi av°v mvgjvevi e ‘ e¨env‡ii d‡j ¶wZMÖ Z n‡q‡Q| hvbevnb wbqšÎ‡bi
Rb¨ ¶wZMÖ¯‘ av°v mvgjvevi e ‘ gvivZœK cÖwZwµqv Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges GUv Aek¨B
AcmviY Kiv DwPr|
74| wbwðZ †nvb †h, A-cwiwPZ MÜ ZvovZvwo AbymÜvb Kiv nq| ivevi, we y r
A_ev †c‡Uªvj †cvov MÜ Riƒix fv‡e cix¶v Kiv DwPr Av¸‡bi SzuwK †b‡eb bv|
75| Avcbvi Mvwoi Zij c`v‡_©i cwigvY gv‡S gv‡S cix¶v Kiƒb | Aí
cwigv‡bi †eªK AK…ZKvh© Ges yN©Ubvi KviY n‡Z cv‡i| hw` Avcbvi Mvwo‡Z Aí
cwigv‡Yi †eªK †Zj _vKvi ms‡KZ _v‡K Zv n‡j wbwðZ †nvb †h Avcwb GUv
wPb‡Z cv‡ib|
76| †c‡Uªvj †ók‡bi GjvKvi g‡a¨ KL‡bv aygcvb Ki‡eb bv| GUv wec¾bK Ges
Av¸b jvMvi cÖavb SzwK|
77| AvBb Abyhvqx cÖ‡qvR‡bi bq Ggb evwZ hw` Avcbvi Mvwo‡Z _v‡K Zv n‡j
†m¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e jvMv‡Z n‡e Ges †hb GUv KvR K‡i|
78| hw` †cQ‡bi Avm‡b wkk~‡`i enb K‡ib Zv n‡j Dc‡`k †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i †h
Mvwo‡Z PvBì jK e¨envi Kiƒb| PvBì jK †cQ‡bi `iRv †fZi n‡Z †Lvjv
cÖwZnZ K‡i|
Pvjvevi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq KvMRcÎ me mgq wbwðZ †nvb †h Mvwo Pvjvevi Rb¨ Avcbvi mwVK KvMRcÎ Av‡Q|
Avcbvi mv‡_ cÖvq me KvMRcÎ enb Ki‡Z n‡e bv, wKš‘ Avcbvi WªvBwfs jvB‡mÝ
, GKwU ˆea exgv mvwU©wd‡KU Ges †hLv‡b cÖ‡hvR¨, GKwU ˆea MOT mvwU©wdwKU
Aek¨B | Avcbv‡K mvZ w`‡bi g‡a¨ †Kvb cywjk †ók‡b †`Lv‡Z n‡e, hw` †Kvb
cywjk Awdmvi wb‡`©k †`q †`Lv‡bv Rb¨|
WªvBwfs jvB‡mÝ 79| Avcwb †h ai‡bi Mvwo Pvjv‡eb Zvi Rb¨ Aek¨B GKwU ˆea WªvBwfs jvB‡mÝ
_vK‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivL‡eb †h WªvBwfs jvB‡mÝ hZ¶b ch©š‘ Avcwb mB bv Ki‡eb
ZZ¶b ch©š‘ GUv ˆea bq|
- 57 -
exgv 80| exgvnxb †gvUi Mvwo Avcwb Aek¨B Pvjv‡eb bv| Avcbvi Aek¨B Kgc‡¶ Z…Zxq c‡¶i SzuwK †bqvi exgv _vK‡Z n‡e| †Kvb Mvwo Pvjvevi Av‡M cix¶v Kiƒb †h Avcbvi e¨env‡ii Rb¨ H exgv Av‡Q A_ev Avcbvi wb‡Ri exgv Avcbv‡K i¶v K‡i| 81| hw` Avcwb `yN©Ubvq c‡ob Zv n‡j , †h e¨vw³ yN©Ubvq AvnZ n‡q‡Qb A_ev hvi m¤cwË ¶wZMÖ ‘ n‡q‡Q A_ev n‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K Avcbvi bvg wVKvbv Ges exgvi eY©bv w`‡eb| hw` KviI Rvbvi cÖ‡qvRb nq Zv‡K GB eY©bv w`‡eb, †hgb †Kvb cywjk Awdmvi‡K|
MOT ‡iwR‡óªk‡bi cÖ_g ZvwiL n‡Z wZb eQi ci bZzb Mvwo Ges bZzb †gvUi mvB‡K‡ji MOT cvk Ki‡Z n‡e Ges GUvi ci cÖwZ eQi cvk Ki‡Z n‡e| wbwðZ †nvb †h Avcwb †h hvbevnb Pvjv‡be Zvi ˆea MOT mvwUwd‡KU Av‡Q, hw` GUvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| MOT mvwU©wd‡KU Qvov †Kvb hvbevnb Pvjv‡bv †eAvBbx, we‡klfv‡e wec¾bK Ges Avcbvi exgv evwZj n‡Z cv‡i| 83| mo‡K nq‡Zv Avcwb †Kvb Mvwo MOT Qvov Pvjv‡Z cv‡ib hLb †Kvb c~e© wba©vwiZ †Uó cix¶v w`‡eb A_ev †givg‡Zi Rb¨ hLb †Kvb M¨v‡i‡Ri w`‡K Pvwj‡q hv‡eb| 84| hvbevn‡bi MOT mvwU©wd‡K‡U †h mgq cix¶v nq ïay †mB mg‡qi Ae¯’v †`Lv‡bv nq| cix¶vi c‡i hw` †Kvb µwU †`Lv †`q Avcwb Aek¨B GUv wVK Kwi‡q wb‡eb|
hvbevnb †iwR‡óªk‡bi KvMRcÎ 85| mo‡K e¨eüZ mKj hvbevn‡bi Aek¨B †iwR‡óªkb WKz‡g›U _vK‡Z n‡e hLb GUvi gvwjK, †Kvb mv‡j ˆZix n‡q‡Q, wK ai‡bi ewW Ges Mvwoi Bwćbi aib I gvc †`Lv‡e | hw` Avcwb Mvwo µq K‡ib, wbwðZ †nvb †h Mvwoi PvjK Ges hvbevn‡bi jvB‡mÝ cÖ vbKvix ms ’v‡K Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q, hv‡Z Avcbvi bv‡g bZzb WK…‡g›U †`qv nq|
hvebvn‡bi ïé Ki 86| mo‡K e¨eüZ A_ev ivLv mKj hvbevn‡b me mgq Aek¨B ˆea hvbevnb ïé Ki wWmK (U¨v· wWmK) DBÛw¯Œ‡b †`Lv‡Z n‡e (A_ev †gvUi mvB‡K‡ji Rb¨ Ab¨ †Kv_vI) mvavibZ WvKNi n‡Z bZzb wWmK µq Kiv hv‡e| bZzb wWmK µq Ki‡Z n‡j Avcbvi Mvwoi †iwR‡óªkb WKz‡g›U cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| (A_ev PvjK Ges hvbevn‡b jvB‡mwÝs G‡RÝx n‡Z cvVv‡bv ZvMv`v), GKwU ˆea exgv mvwU©wd‡KU Ges †hLv‡b cÖ‡hvR¨ GKwU ˆea MOT mvwU©wd‡KU †`Lv‡Z n‡e|
weKj nIqv Ges `yN©Ubv †gvKv‡ejv 87| hw` Avcbvi evqynxb Uvqvi _v‡K Zv n‡j hZ kxNÖ m¤¢e wbivc‡` _vgyb| Avcbv‡K A_ev Ab¨ KvD‡KI wec‡`i SzuwK‡Z bv †i‡L ïay ZLbB Avcwb Uvqvi cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Ab¨_vq mvnvh¨Kvix ms¯’v‡K WvKzb| 88| Pvjvevi mgq hw` PvKv †d‡U hvq Zv n‡j Avcbvi Mvwo wbqšÎ‡b ivLyb| k³ K‡i wóqvwis aiƒb Ges mo‡Ki wKbvivi w`‡K Mvwo Mwo‡q _vg‡Z w`b| 89| AwaKvsk Mvwoi BwÄb cvwb w`‡q VvÛv Kiv nq| hw` Avcbvi BwÄb AwZwi³ Mig n‡q hvq Zv n‡j ¯^vfvweKfv‡e VvÛv nIqvi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Kiƒb| ïay Zvi c‡i VvÛv Kivi h‡šÎi gyL Lyjyb Ges cvwb Xvjyb A_ev VvÛvKviK e ‘ Xvjyb| 90| hw` Avcbvi Mvwo‡Z Av¸b a‡i Zv n‡j hvÎx‡`i ZvovZvwo Mvwo n‡Z wbivc` ¯’v‡b †ei n‡Z w`b| Bwćbi RvqMvq Av¸b _vgv‡Z hv‡eb bv, Kvib Mvwoi e‡bU Lyj‡j Av¸b Dc‡ii w`‡K R¡‡j DV‡e| 91| Mvwo‡Z cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvi wRwbmcÎ enb Kivi Dc‡`k †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i| Kvib hw` Avcwb `yN©Ubvq c‡ob A_ev †Kvb yN©Ubvi ’v‡b Dcw ’Z nb| 92| yN©Ubvq cwZZ n‡j wK Ki‡Z n‡e Zv c~‡e© eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| AvnZ e¨w³‡`i mv‡_ K_v e‡j Zv‡`i kvš‘ ivLyb| Zv‡`i Mig Ges Avivg`vqK fv‡e ivLyb| AvnZ e¨w³‡`i GKv †i‡L hv‡eb bv|
hvbevn‡b gvj †evSvB Kiv 93| PvjK wn‡m‡e Avcbvi `vwqZ¡ †h Avcbvi Mvwo A_ev †UªBj‡i AwZwi³ gvj †evSvB Kiv †hb bv nq| †UªBjvi A_ev Kvivfvb Ggbfv‡e †evSvB Ki‡eb †h IRb me©Î mgvb fv‡e web¨ ‘ Kiv n‡q‡Q | GUv Ny‡o †h‡Z , †n‡j †h‡Z A_ev wbqšÎ‡bi evB‡i †h‡Z cÖwZnZ K‡i| hw` Avcbvi †UªBjvi A_ev Kvivfvb Ny‡o †h‡Z ev †n‡j †h‡Z _v‡K Zv n‡j Gw·‡jUi †Q‡o w`b Ges ax‡i MwZ Kgvb|
- 58 -
- 59 -
Bibliography and Reference: Department of Transport (1996) The Highway Code HMSO, Norwich, UK The Motor Vehicles Ordinance, 1983 Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka Bangladesh © Copyright 1999 Application for reproduction should be made to the publisher on: Fax : + 44 181 881 7645 First Edition and Impression for Bangladesh 1999 Prepared & Published by : Shraif Md Akhtar Hossain M Sc Nav Eng. (Nautical), Pg Dip. AMNI Graphics Shafiq Shaheen Mahabuba Hoque 1199 East Shaewrapara Mirpur, Dhaka