1 4. : , , , & Class Bivalvia : , , & Class Gastropoda : , , …...Phylum Mollusca Notes Part 1 I....

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1 Name ____________________________________________________ Date ___________ Phylum Mollusca Notes Part 1 I. Phylum Mollusca a. Mollusks are ________________ animals that usually have an internal or external shell. b. Mollusks include: __________, __________, ____________, __________, and ___________ II. Anatomy a. The body plan of most have ___ parts: mantle, shell, visceral mass, and foot. 1. The _____ __ __ is a thin layer of tissue that covers most of the mollusk’s body like a cloak. 2. The _____ _______ __ is made by glands in the mantle that secretes calcium carbonate _______________ or _______________ in slugs Internal or lost in _____________________ (squid/octopus) 3. _____________ _____ ___ is just beneath the mantle and consists of the internal organs. 4. The muscular _____ ____ _____ takes many forms, including ____________ structures for crawling, spade- shaped for burrowing, and tentacles for capturing food. III. Feeding ___________________ are herbivores, carnivores, filter feeders, detritivores, and parasites. o _________ _____ ______ are organisms that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead matter o __________ _____ _____ are organisms that feeds on plants. o ____________ _____ ___ feed on animals. Mollusks have a _____ ______ __: a rough, _____________-like organ with rows of _______________ like structures. Some use it to scrape algae off surfaces, and other use it to rasp up flesh from prey. IV. Phylum Mollusca: Classification There are _______ classes of Mollusks (We are covering ______) 1. Class Polyplacophora: ______________ 2. Class Gastropoda: ______________, _______________, & sea _____________ 3. Class Bivalvia: _____________, ______________, ______________ & ______________ 4. Class Cephalopoda: ___________, ______________, _____________, & _____________

Transcript of 1 4. : , , , & Class Bivalvia : , , & Class Gastropoda : , , …...Phylum Mollusca Notes Part 1 I....

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Name ____________________________________________________ Date ___________

Phylum Mollusca Notes Part 1

I. Phylum Mollusca

a. Mollusks are ________________ animals that usually have an internal or external shell.

b. Mollusks include: __________, __________, ____________, __________, and ___________

II. Anatomy

a. The body plan of most have ___ parts: mantle, shell, visceral mass, and foot.1. The _________ is a thin layer of tissue that covers most of the mollusk’s body like a cloak. 2. The ______________ is made by glands in the mantle that secretes calcium carbonate

_______________ or _______________ in slugs Internal or lost in _____________________ (squid/octopus)

3. _____________________ is just beneath the mantle and consists of the internal organs.4.

The muscular ______________ takes many forms, including ____________ structures for crawling, spade- shaped for burrowing, and tentacles for capturing food.

III. Feeding ___________________ are herbivores, carnivores, filter feeders, detritivores, and parasites.

o ____________________ are organisms that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead matter

o ____________________ are organisms that feeds on plants.o ____________________ feed on animals.

Mollusks have a _____________: a rough, _____________-like organ with rows of _______________ like structures. Some use it to scrape algae off surfaces, and other use it to rasp up flesh from prey.

IV. Phylum Mollusca: Classification

There are _______ classes of Mollusks (We are covering ______)

1. Class Polyplacophora: ______________

2. Class Gastropoda: ______________, _______________, & sea _____________

3. Class Bivalvia: _____________, ______________, ______________ & ______________

4. Class Cephalopoda: ___________, ______________, _____________, & _____________

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1. Class Polyplacophora a. Includes __________ b. Marine

c. Have a reduced ________ and a _____________ foot

d. The shell is divided into _____________ articulating dorsal ________________

e. When disturbed, the edges of the ______________ tightly grip the substrate creating a powerful vacuum that holds the chiton in place

f. Has the ability to ______________ into a ball when __________________

2. Class Gastropodaa. Gastropoda means “_________________ _________________”b. Includes _______________, _________________, & __________________c. Most are _________________ shelledd. Some are shell-less (______________ & _________________)e. They are 2nd only to _______________ in their number of __________ speciesf. Can be found living in _____________, in ____________, in deserts, ____________ and

__________; in estuaries, mudflats, the rocky intertidal, the sandy subtidal, in the depths of the oceans, and many other ___________________

g. They move using a muscular _____________h. Many have 2 or 4 ___________________ with ____________ on the tipi. Most have a coiled _____________ that opens to the _____________j. The Lightning Whelk is the only “______________________” snailk. Many have an ________________ that is used as a “_____________” to close the body

inside the shelll. Most breath using ___________________ m. Many __________________ feed on gastropods

Example: _________________ eat abalonen. Hermit __________ inhabit ________ snail shells.

The crabs do not _________ the shells, the ________ do. When the crab gets too ______ for the shell, they find a ___________ one. Hermit crabs have ________ for prized shells.

Class Gastropoda: Suborder Nudibranchia Means “___________________” Are all ____________________ gastropods The _____________ are arranged as feathery _______________ on their backs

Chiton

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o Are brightly ___________________ Warning: many are ___________________Name ____________________________________________________ Date ___________

Phylum Mollusca Notes Part 2

3. Class Bivalviaa. _______________, ________________, ________________ & ________________b. Have _____ shells that are held together by powerful _______________.c. _________________ can move around by flapping their shells when threatened.d. Live ________________ in water e. The only Mollusks that don’t have a ____________f. Feed by ________________ and _________________ large particles from water g. Can survive for short times out of water by closing their _____________ h. ________________, many ______________ (Oyster Catchers, willets, plovers, and

much more), and walrus feed on themi. The largest Gastopod is the ____________________ (Can weight more than

_________ lbs)

Class Bivalvia: Making Pearls An irritant, such as a grain of _________, becomes embedded in the mantle. The animal coats the _________ with the same material used to produce the lining of its

shell called mother-of-pearl. The coating makes the irritant less __________. It continues to coat the irritant, creating a _________.

Class Bivalvia: Importance ________________ are filter feeders Because they filter feed, they provide a valuable service by reducing _________________

particles in their habitats If their populations are reduced, their water in that area will become ____________ Turbid water (cloudy) reduces __________ penetration for photosynthesis in sea-grasses and

algae Without plants, many other populations of organisms will also decrease “Oysters on a half-shell” Eaten _____________, _____________, or __________

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4. Class Cephalopoda

a. Typically soft-bodied with the _____________ attached to a single ____________.

b. The foot is divided into ________________ or ______________.

c. Most swim by forcefully expelling _________ from the mantle cavity through a ventral funnel (Siphon).

d. Swim using ____________ propulsion method.

e. Funnel can point forward or backward to control __________________

f. The force of water expulsion determines speed.

g. Cephalopods (squids/octopus) have ________________: similar to a ______________ beak, used for crushing and picking apart food.

h. Color changes are possible due to special _______________ cells contained within its skin, called chromatophores.

These cells which are small structures filled with colored ______________ which can be expanded and contracted to communicate with others or as camouflage against the landscape.

Color changes are used for:o ___________________o Communication (_____________/___________________)o Many are _______________________ to attract prey and mating partners!

i. Maze and _____________ experiments have shown that they do have both short-and long-term memory.

j. Can be trained to distinguish between different _____________ & _________________

k. Observed having _______________________ skills

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Name ____________________________________________________ Date ___________

Phylum Mollusca Notes Part 3

Octopus: Have _________ arms Arms have __________ disks that __________ & hold ____________. Blood is pale _____________. The ____________ is absent! When female lays eggs, she stops __________, & protects her eggs until she _________.

Blue-ringed Octopus: The most ____________ A bite is nearly always ______________ to humans.

Giant Octopus: Can weigh _________ lbs Known to attack ___________ and bite into metal

Eating Octopus People eat octopus: Dead or ______________! A dish called “San Nakti” means “living octopus”

o Kind of difficult to get the octopus down because the tentacles stick to your mouth and throat.

o They also have a tendency to walk off your plate!Squid & Cuttlefish

Have 10 appendages (____________________): 8 ____________ with suckers and 2 long retractile _________________

Cuttlefish:-- Have an internal gas filled “_____________” that helps with buoyancy called the

cuttlebone.

Squid: Color changes reflect the animal’s ___________.

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Messages: ready to _______, sexual identification, _________, ready to hunt, & hiding. Most of the shell has disappeared, leaving only a thin, horny strip called a ______ which is

enclosed in the mantle. Giant Squid are the largest ________________

o Have the largest ________ in the animal kingdom o Never been seen alive!!!o Their bodies wash up onto _________o _________ whales feed on giant squid

Nautilus

Sticking out from the shell is the nautiluses’ arms and a leathery _______ that closes the animal into its shell for protection.

This nautilus has more than 90 _______. The only cephalopod encased in a ___________. The nautilus can fill the chambers it doesn’t occupy with ________ or ___________. If the

chambers are filled with gas, the animal will float. If the chambers are filled with water, the animal will _______________.

The living animal inhabits only the _____________ chamber. As it grows, it moves forward, secreting behind it a new _________________. The chambers are connected by a cord of living tissue called a ___________________, which

extends from the visceral mass.