Phylum Mollusca 1 Polyplacophora Gastropoda Bivalvia Scaphopoda Cephalopoda.
1 4. : , , , & Class Bivalvia : , , & Class Gastropoda : , , …...Phylum Mollusca Notes Part 1 I....
Transcript of 1 4. : , , , & Class Bivalvia : , , & Class Gastropoda : , , …...Phylum Mollusca Notes Part 1 I....
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Name ____________________________________________________ Date ___________
Phylum Mollusca Notes Part 1
I. Phylum Mollusca
a. Mollusks are ________________ animals that usually have an internal or external shell.
b. Mollusks include: __________, __________, ____________, __________, and ___________
II. Anatomy
a. The body plan of most have ___ parts: mantle, shell, visceral mass, and foot.1. The _________ is a thin layer of tissue that covers most of the mollusk’s body like a cloak. 2. The ______________ is made by glands in the mantle that secretes calcium carbonate
_______________ or _______________ in slugs Internal or lost in _____________________ (squid/octopus)
3. _____________________ is just beneath the mantle and consists of the internal organs.4.
The muscular ______________ takes many forms, including ____________ structures for crawling, spade- shaped for burrowing, and tentacles for capturing food.
III. Feeding ___________________ are herbivores, carnivores, filter feeders, detritivores, and parasites.
o ____________________ are organisms that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead matter
o ____________________ are organisms that feeds on plants.o ____________________ feed on animals.
Mollusks have a _____________: a rough, _____________-like organ with rows of _______________ like structures. Some use it to scrape algae off surfaces, and other use it to rasp up flesh from prey.
IV. Phylum Mollusca: Classification
There are _______ classes of Mollusks (We are covering ______)
1. Class Polyplacophora: ______________
2. Class Gastropoda: ______________, _______________, & sea _____________
3. Class Bivalvia: _____________, ______________, ______________ & ______________
4. Class Cephalopoda: ___________, ______________, _____________, & _____________
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1. Class Polyplacophora a. Includes __________ b. Marine
c. Have a reduced ________ and a _____________ foot
d. The shell is divided into _____________ articulating dorsal ________________
e. When disturbed, the edges of the ______________ tightly grip the substrate creating a powerful vacuum that holds the chiton in place
f. Has the ability to ______________ into a ball when __________________
2. Class Gastropodaa. Gastropoda means “_________________ _________________”b. Includes _______________, _________________, & __________________c. Most are _________________ shelledd. Some are shell-less (______________ & _________________)e. They are 2nd only to _______________ in their number of __________ speciesf. Can be found living in _____________, in ____________, in deserts, ____________ and
__________; in estuaries, mudflats, the rocky intertidal, the sandy subtidal, in the depths of the oceans, and many other ___________________
g. They move using a muscular _____________h. Many have 2 or 4 ___________________ with ____________ on the tipi. Most have a coiled _____________ that opens to the _____________j. The Lightning Whelk is the only “______________________” snailk. Many have an ________________ that is used as a “_____________” to close the body
inside the shelll. Most breath using ___________________ m. Many __________________ feed on gastropods
Example: _________________ eat abalonen. Hermit __________ inhabit ________ snail shells.
The crabs do not _________ the shells, the ________ do. When the crab gets too ______ for the shell, they find a ___________ one. Hermit crabs have ________ for prized shells.
Class Gastropoda: Suborder Nudibranchia Means “___________________” Are all ____________________ gastropods The _____________ are arranged as feathery _______________ on their backs
Chiton
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o Are brightly ___________________ Warning: many are ___________________Name ____________________________________________________ Date ___________
Phylum Mollusca Notes Part 2
3. Class Bivalviaa. _______________, ________________, ________________ & ________________b. Have _____ shells that are held together by powerful _______________.c. _________________ can move around by flapping their shells when threatened.d. Live ________________ in water e. The only Mollusks that don’t have a ____________f. Feed by ________________ and _________________ large particles from water g. Can survive for short times out of water by closing their _____________ h. ________________, many ______________ (Oyster Catchers, willets, plovers, and
much more), and walrus feed on themi. The largest Gastopod is the ____________________ (Can weight more than
_________ lbs)
Class Bivalvia: Making Pearls An irritant, such as a grain of _________, becomes embedded in the mantle. The animal coats the _________ with the same material used to produce the lining of its
shell called mother-of-pearl. The coating makes the irritant less __________. It continues to coat the irritant, creating a _________.
Class Bivalvia: Importance ________________ are filter feeders Because they filter feed, they provide a valuable service by reducing _________________
particles in their habitats If their populations are reduced, their water in that area will become ____________ Turbid water (cloudy) reduces __________ penetration for photosynthesis in sea-grasses and
algae Without plants, many other populations of organisms will also decrease “Oysters on a half-shell” Eaten _____________, _____________, or __________
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4. Class Cephalopoda
a. Typically soft-bodied with the _____________ attached to a single ____________.
b. The foot is divided into ________________ or ______________.
c. Most swim by forcefully expelling _________ from the mantle cavity through a ventral funnel (Siphon).
d. Swim using ____________ propulsion method.
e. Funnel can point forward or backward to control __________________
f. The force of water expulsion determines speed.
g. Cephalopods (squids/octopus) have ________________: similar to a ______________ beak, used for crushing and picking apart food.
h. Color changes are possible due to special _______________ cells contained within its skin, called chromatophores.
These cells which are small structures filled with colored ______________ which can be expanded and contracted to communicate with others or as camouflage against the landscape.
Color changes are used for:o ___________________o Communication (_____________/___________________)o Many are _______________________ to attract prey and mating partners!
i. Maze and _____________ experiments have shown that they do have both short-and long-term memory.
j. Can be trained to distinguish between different _____________ & _________________
k. Observed having _______________________ skills
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Name ____________________________________________________ Date ___________
Phylum Mollusca Notes Part 3
Octopus: Have _________ arms Arms have __________ disks that __________ & hold ____________. Blood is pale _____________. The ____________ is absent! When female lays eggs, she stops __________, & protects her eggs until she _________.
Blue-ringed Octopus: The most ____________ A bite is nearly always ______________ to humans.
Giant Octopus: Can weigh _________ lbs Known to attack ___________ and bite into metal
Eating Octopus People eat octopus: Dead or ______________! A dish called “San Nakti” means “living octopus”
o Kind of difficult to get the octopus down because the tentacles stick to your mouth and throat.
o They also have a tendency to walk off your plate!Squid & Cuttlefish
Have 10 appendages (____________________): 8 ____________ with suckers and 2 long retractile _________________
Cuttlefish:-- Have an internal gas filled “_____________” that helps with buoyancy called the
cuttlebone.
Squid: Color changes reflect the animal’s ___________.
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Messages: ready to _______, sexual identification, _________, ready to hunt, & hiding. Most of the shell has disappeared, leaving only a thin, horny strip called a ______ which is
enclosed in the mantle. Giant Squid are the largest ________________
o Have the largest ________ in the animal kingdom o Never been seen alive!!!o Their bodies wash up onto _________o _________ whales feed on giant squid
Nautilus
Sticking out from the shell is the nautiluses’ arms and a leathery _______ that closes the animal into its shell for protection.
This nautilus has more than 90 _______. The only cephalopod encased in a ___________. The nautilus can fill the chambers it doesn’t occupy with ________ or ___________. If the
chambers are filled with gas, the animal will float. If the chambers are filled with water, the animal will _______________.
The living animal inhabits only the _____________ chamber. As it grows, it moves forward, secreting behind it a new _________________. The chambers are connected by a cord of living tissue called a ___________________, which
extends from the visceral mass.