1 2/6/1435 h Wednesday Lecture 8. 2 Q: What is a %(modulus) operator ? 1. % (modulus) operator...

1

2/6/1435 h Wednesday

Lecture 8Lecture 8

2

Q: What is a %(modulus) operator ?

1.1. % (modulus) operator computes % (modulus) operator computes the remainder resulting from the remainder resulting from integer divisioninteger division

cout << 13 % 5; // displays 3cout << 13 % 5; // displays 3

2.2. % requires integers for both % requires integers for both operandsoperands

cout << 13 % 5.0; // errorcout << 13 % 5.0; // error

3

Q:What are Comments?1.1. Used to document parts of the Used to document parts of the

programprogram

2.2. Are ignored by the compilerAre ignored by the compiler

3.3. Single-Line Comments Begin with // Single-Line Comments Begin with // through to the end of line:through to the end of line:

4.4. Multi-Line CommentsMulti-Line Comments Begin with /*, end with */Begin with /*, end with */ Can span multiple lines: exampleCan span multiple lines: example

4

- /* this is a multi-line/* this is a multi-line

commentcomment

*/*/

Can begin and end on the same Can begin and end on the same line:line:

int area; int area;

/* calculated area *//* calculated area */

5

Q:When does / (division) operator performs integer division

1.1. If both operands are integersIf both operands are integerscout << 13 / 5; // displays 2cout << 13 / 5; // displays 2cout << 91 / 7; // displays 13cout << 91 / 7; // displays 13Q:When does the / have a result as Q:When does the / have a result as a floating pointa floating point

2.2. If either operand is floating point, If either operand is floating point, the result is floating pointthe result is floating point

Example:Example:cout<< 13/ 5.0; //displays 2.6cout<< 13/ 5.0; //displays 2.6cout<<91.0/ 7; //displays 13.0cout<<91.0/ 7; //displays 13.0

6

Named ConstantsQ: Define a named constant(constant variable)?

1.1. It is a variable whose content cannot be It is a variable whose content cannot be changed during program executionchanged during program execution

2.2. Used for representing constant values with Used for representing constant values with descriptive names:descriptive names:

3.3. Often named in uppercase lettersOften named in uppercase letters

const double TAX_RATE = 0.0675;const int NUM_STATES = 50;

7

The cin ObjectQ:What is a cin object?

1.1. Standard input objectStandard input object

2.2. Like cout, requires iostream fileLike cout, requires iostream file

3.3. Used to read input from keyboardUsed to read input from keyboard

4.4. Information retrieved from cin with Information retrieved from cin with >>>>

5.5. Input is stored in one or more Input is stored in one or more variables variables

8

-6.6. Can be used to input more than Can be used to input more than

one value:one value:cin >> height >> width;cin >> height >> width;

7.7. Multiple values from keyboard must Multiple values from keyboard must be separated by spacesbe separated by spaces

8.8. Order is important: first value Order is important: first value entered goes to first variable, etc.entered goes to first variable, etc.

9

-

9.9. cincin converts data to the type that converts data to the type that matches the variable:matches the variable:

int height;int height;cout<< How tall is the room? ";cout<< How tall is the room? ";

cin >> height;cin >> height;

10

Displaying a PromptQ: What is a prompt?

1.1. A prompt is a message that instructs the A prompt is a message that instructs the user to enter data.user to enter data.

2.2. You should always use You should always use coutcout to display to display a prompt before each a prompt before each cincin statement. statement.

cout << "How tall is the room? ";cout << "How tall is the room? ";cin >> height;cin >> height;

11

Algorithms and FlowchartsQ: Define an algorithm?

Algorithm – A set of instructions Algorithm – A set of instructions explaining how processing a explaining how processing a module/task leading to a solution is module/task leading to a solution is donedone

Q: Define a flowchart?Q: Define a flowchart?

A Flowchart is :A Flowchart is : Visual illustration of an algorithmVisual illustration of an algorithm Represent logical flow of data through Represent logical flow of data through

a functiona function

12

Flowchart SymbolAlgorithm InstructionAlgorithm Instruction Flowchart SymbolFlowchart Symbol

START / RETURN / END / EXITSTART / RETURN / END / EXIT

ENTER / PRINT / WRITEENTER / PRINT / WRITE(input/output statement)(input/output statement)

Variable / ExpressionVariable / Expression(assignment statement)(assignment statement)

PROCESSPROCESS(module call)(module call)

13

.

القرار القرار اتخاذ اتخاذ

Flow linesFlow lines

14

Q: Mention types of Logic Structures?

1.1. Sequential logic structureSequential logic structure

2.2. Selection logic structureSelection logic structure

3.3. Loop logic structureLoop logic structure

15

1. Sequential Logic StructureQ: Write an algorithm ,design a

flowchart then write a program that represents a sequential logic structure

AlgorithmAlgorithm

1.1. Enter any three Enter any three numbers :A,B,Cnumbers :A,B,C

2.2. Sum = A+B+CSum = A+B+C

3.3. Mult = A*B*CMult = A*B*C

4.4. Print Sum, MultPrint Sum, Mult

5.5. EndEnd

Start

END

Enter A,B,C

PRINT NAME,Sum, Mult

Sum = A+B+CMult = A*B*C

16

Program 4

Write a c++ program that read any three integer numbers and prints

their sum and multiplication

#include<iostream>#include<iostream>

using namespace std;using namespace std;

void main( )void main( )

{{

int a, b, c, sum, mult;int a, b, c, sum, mult;

cout<<“Enter any three numbers”<<endl;cout<<“Enter any three numbers”<<endl;

cin>>a>>b>>c;cin>>a>>b>>c;

17

.sum=a+b+c;sum=a+b+c;

mult=a*b*c;mult=a*b*c;

cout<<“sum=“<<sum<<endl<<“mult=“<<mult<<endl;cout<<“sum=“<<sum<<endl<<“mult=“<<mult<<endl;

system(“pause”);system(“pause”);

return;return;

}}

The output screen:Enter any three numbers768Sum=21Mul= 336

18

Program 5Write a c++ program that converts the temperature degree from Fahrenheit to Centigrade



void main( )void main( )

{{

int centigrade, Fahrenheit;int centigrade, Fahrenheit;

cout<<“enter Fahrenheit ”;cout<<“enter Fahrenheit ”;

cin>> Fahrenheit;cin>> Fahrenheit;

centigrade = 5/9(fahrenheit-32);centigrade = 5/9(fahrenheit-32);

19

.cout<<“centigrade =“<<centigrade;cout<<“centigrade =“<<centigrade;


return;return;

}}

The output screen :Enter Fahrenheit 95Centigrade is 35

20

Program 6Q: Write a c++ program that calculates the rectangle’s area and displays the value on the screenNote: the program ask the user to enter the length and width



int main()int main()

{{

int length, width, areaint length, width, areaCout<<“this program calculates the area of a Cout<<“this program calculates the area of a

rectangle\n”;rectangle\n”;

Cout<<“enter the length of the rectangle”;Cout<<“enter the length of the rectangle”;

Cin>>length;Cin>>length;

21

0cout<<“enter the width of a cout<<“enter the width of a

rectangle”;rectangle”;

cin>>width;cin>>width;

Area = length*width;Area = length*width;cout<<“ the area of the rectangle is: “<< cout<<“ the area of the rectangle is: “<<

area<<endl;area<<endl;


return 0;return 0;

} }

Program output with example of inputthis program calculates the area of a rectangleenter the length of the rectangle 10[enter]Enter the width of a rectangle 5 [enter]The area of the rectangle is: 50

Making Decisions

Control StructuresControl Structures

1.1.Selection StructureSelection Structure

2.2.Loop StructureLoop Structure

23

1. Selection Structure

The if StatementThe if Statement

24

What is an if Statement?

It allows statements to be It allows statements to be conditionally executed or skipped conditionally executed or skipped overover

Example:Example: "If it is raining, take an umbrella.""If it is raining, take an umbrella." "If it is cold outside, wear a coat.""If it is cold outside, wear a coat."

25

Q: .Mention Types of IF statements

1.1. If statement with a null false If statement with a null false branchbranch

2.2. The if/else StatementThe if/else Statement

3.3. Nested if StatementsNested if Statements

4.4. The if/else if StatementThe if/else if Statement

26

Draw a Flowchart for an if statement with a null false branch

27

Flowchart for Evaluating a Decision

28

Q:Write a general format for an if Statement with a null false branch?

if (expression)statement;

29

if Statement Notes

1.1. Do not place ; after (Do not place ; after (expressionexpression))2.2. Place Place statementstatement; on a separate ; on a separate

line after (line after (expressionexpression), indented:), indented:if (score > 90)grade = 'A';

30

Q:How an if Statement being evaluated

To evaluate:To evaluate:

if (if (expressionexpression))

statementstatement;;

1.1. If the If the expressionexpression is is truetrue, then , then statementstatement is executed.is executed.

2.2. If the If the expressionexpression is is falsefalse, then , then statementstatement is is skipped.skipped.

31

Program 7Q:Write a c++ program that get three

test score and display the average, thenIf the average is greater than 95

display(congratulation! This is a high score)

----------------------------------------------------------

P

if

else

32

The Program is:#include<iostream>using namespace std;int main(){int score1, score2, score3<<endl;double average; cout<<“enter test scores:”;cin>> score1>> score2>> score3;average = (score1+score2+score3)/3;

33

Cout<<“your average is:”<<average<<endl;if (average is >95)cout<<“congratulation! This is a high score\n”;system(“pause”);return 0;}Program output

Enter test scores: 80 90 70[enter]Your average is 80 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Program output with another example of data:Enter test scores: 100 100 100Your average is 100 congratulation! This is a high score

34

Expanding the if StatementQ:Define an expanding if statement?To execute more than one statement as part of an if statement, and we have to enclose them in { }:

Q:Write a general format of the Expanding Q:Write a general format of the Expanding ifif Statement Statement

if (expression)if (expression)

{{

statement1;statement1;

statement2;statement2;

}}

if (score > 90){

grade = 'A'; cout << "Good Job!\n";

}

35

2. The if/else StatementQ:Define an if/else statement?

1.1. Provides two possible paths of Provides two possible paths of executionexecution

2.2. Performs one statement if the Performs one statement if the expressionexpression is true, otherwise is true, otherwise performs another statement .performs another statement .

36

Q: Write a general format for the if/else statement?

General Format:General Format:

if (expression)statement1;

elsestatement2;

37

Q:Draw a flowchart, then write a c++ program that determines whether a number is odd or even. Then show the output screen)

38

Program 8#include<iostream>using namespace std;int main(){int number;cout<<“enter any number and I will tell you if it is even or odd \n”;cin>>number;if (number % 2 ==0)cout<<number <<“is even \n”;

39

elsecout<<number<<“ is odd \n”;system(“pause”)return o;}

pProgram output with a sample of inputenter any number and I will tell you if it is even or odd17[enter]17 is oddPress any key to continue

40

Program 9no Q:Write a c++ program to enter a salary, if the salary is >= 5000 then tax is 30%,otherwise tax is 10%#include<iostream>using namespace std;int main(){int salary;float tax;cout<<“enter salary”;cin>>salary;if (salary>=5000) { tax = salary*0.3; cout<<“tax is:”<<tax; }

41

.

else { tax = salary*0.1; cout<<“tax is :”<<tax;} system(“pause”); return 0; }Program output with a sample of input

enter salary 3500[enter]tax is 350-------------------------------------------------------------another sample of inputenter salary 5000[enter]tax is 1500

42

3. Nested if StatementsQ: Define a Nested if Statements

An if statement that is nested inside An if statement that is nested inside another if statementanother if statement

Q: When does Nested if statement Q: When does Nested if statement used?used?

Nested if statements can be used Nested if statements can be used to test more than one conditionto test more than one condition

43

4. The if/else if StatementQ:What is an if/else if Statement

1.1. It tests a series of conditions until one is It tests a series of conditions until one is found to be truefound to be true

2.2. Often simpler than using nested Often simpler than using nested if/elseif/else statementsstatements

44

Q: Write a general format of if/else if if (if (expressionexpression))

statements statements ; ; else if (else if (expressionexpression))

statements statements ; ; . . // other else ifs// other else ifs

else if (else if (expressionexpression)) statements statements ; ;

else else

45

Q: Draw a flowchart for a Nested if statement..

score>=90

score>=80

B

A

F

Score>=70

Score>=60

C

D

y

y

y

y

n

n

n

n

46

Program 10

no Q: Using IF statement write a c++ no Q: Using IF statement write a c++ program that enters a score and program that enters a score and displays the following grades:displays the following grades:Score >= 90 displays 'A'Score >= 90 displays 'A'Score >= 80 displays 'B'Score >= 80 displays 'B'Score >= 70 displays 'C'Score >= 70 displays 'C'Score >= 60 displays 'D'Score >= 60 displays 'D'Score <60 displays (Fail)Score <60 displays (Fail)

47

.#include<iostream>#include<iostream>


int main()int main()

{{

int score;int score;

cout<<“enter score: “;cout<<“enter score: “;

cin>>score;cin>>score;

if (score>=90)if (score>=90)

cout<<“A\n”;cout<<“A\n”;

else if(score>=80)else if(score>=80)

cout<<“B\n”;cout<<“B\n”;

48

.else if(score>=70)else if(score>=70)

cout<<“C\n”;cout<<“C\n”;

else if(score>=60)else if(score>=60)

cout<<“D\n”;cout<<“D\n”;

elseelse

cout<<“Fail/n”;cout<<“Fail/n”;


return 0;return 0;

}}

49

Switch Statement

Q:Define switch statement?Q:Define switch statement?

It is used to select a statement from several It is used to select a statement from several alternatives.alternatives.

Program 11Program 11Q: Using Switch statement write a c++ program that enters a score Q: Using Switch statement write a c++ program that enters a score

and displays the following grades:and displays the following grades:Score >= 90 displays 'A'Score >= 90 displays 'A'Score >= 80 displays 'B'Score >= 80 displays 'B'Score >= 70 displays 'C'Score >= 70 displays 'C'Score >= 60 displays 'D'Score >= 60 displays 'D'Score < 60 displays (Fail)Score < 60 displays (Fail)

50

.##include<iostream>include<iostream>


int main( )int main( )

{{

char choice;char choice;

cout<<“enter A or B or C”cout<<“enter A or B or C”

cin>>choice;cin>>choice;

switch(choice)e switch(choice)e

{{

case’A’:cout<<“you entered A \n”;case’A’:cout<<“you entered A \n”;

break;break;

case’B’:cout<<“you entered B \n”;case’B’:cout<<“you entered B \n”;

break;break;

case’C’:cout<<“you entered C \n”;case’C’:cout<<“you entered C \n”;

break;break;

default:cout<<“you did not entered A or B or C”default:cout<<“you did not entered A or B or C”

}}


return 0return 0

}}

51

2. Loop Structure

First we have to define a First we have to define a countercounter

Q:Define a counter?Q:Define a counter?

It is a variable that is incremented or It is a variable that is incremented or decremented according to the loop decremented according to the loop counter.counter.

Q: When do we initialize the Q: When do we initialize the counter?counter?

The counter must be initialized The counter must be initialized before entering the loop.before entering the loop.

52

.

Q: Define a loop?Q: Define a loop?

It is a control structure that causes It is a control structure that causes statements to be executed more statements to be executed more than oncethan once

Q: Mention the types of loop Q: Mention the types of loop structure?structure?

1.1. WhileWhile

2.2. Do-whileDo-while

3.3. forfor

53

1. While Loop StructureQ: Write a general format for a while loop Q: Write a general format for a while loop

structure?structure?while (expression) Statements;

Q:Design a flowchart that represents a while loop structure?

Loop body

expression

true

false

54

Q: How does while loop work?

1.1. The expression is evaluatedThe expression is evaluated

2.2. If it is true, the statements in the body If it is true, the statements in the body of the loop is executedof the loop is executed

3.3. The expression is evaluated again and The expression is evaluated again and again till it becomes false then the loop again till it becomes false then the loop stopsstops

55

Program 12 Q:Using while loop write a c++ program that displays numbers from 1-10, and their squares?##include<iostream>include<iostream>



{{

int count = 1;int count = 1;

while(count<=10)while(count<=10)

{{

cout<< count<<“ “<<count*count;cout<< count<<“ “<<count*count;

count++count++

}}


return 0;return 0;

}}

56

Program 13Write a c++ program that allows the user to enter scores for 4 subjects; then displays the average?#include<iostream>#include<iostream>



{{

sum = 0;sum = 0;

float average;float average;

float score;float score;

cout<<“Enter the score1”;cout<<“Enter the score1”;

cin>> score1;cin>> score1;





57

.



sum = score1+score2score3+score4;sum = score1+score2score3+score4;

average = sum/average = sum/

cout<<“average is”<<average<<endl;cout<<“average is”<<average<<endl;


return 0;return 0;

} }

58

Program 14Using while loop, write a c++ program that allows the user to enter scores for 4 subjects; then displays the average?




{{

int count = 1;int count = 1;

sum = 0;sum = 0;

float average;float average;

float score;float score;

while(count<=4)while(count<=4)

{{

cout<<“Enter the score”;cout<<“Enter the score”;

59

.cin>> score;cin>> score;

sum = sum+score;sum = sum+score;

counter =counter +1;counter =counter +1;

}}

cout<<endl;cout<<endl;

average = sum/4;average = sum/4;

cout<<“average is”<<average<<endl;cout<<“average is”<<average<<endl;


return 0;return 0;

} }

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

60

2. DO-While loop

Q: Define do-while loop?Q: Define do-while loop?

It tests the condition after executing the body of the loop.It tests the condition after executing the body of the loop.

Q:Draw a flowchart for the do-while loop?Q:Draw a flowchart for the do-while loop?

Body of the loop

expression

true

false

61

Q: Write a general format for do-while loop?DoDo

{{

Statement 1;Statement 1;

Statement 2 ;Statement 2 ;

..

..

While(condition)While(condition)

Q:Using flowcharts , compare between [While] and [Do..While] Q:Using flowcharts , compare between [While] and [Do..While] control loopcontrol loop

Q: Define an infinite loop?Q: Define an infinite loop?

It is a loop that never finishedIt is a loop that never finished

62

Program 15Q: Using do-while loop, write a c++ program that prints numbers from 1-10##include<iostream>include<iostream>



{{

int counter = 1int counter = 1

DoDo

{{

cout<<counter<<“ “;cout<<counter<<“ “;

count++count++

}}

while ( counter<=10)while ( counter<=10)


return 0;return 0;

}}

63

3. For Loop

Q: Write a general format of the For loop?Q: Write a general format of the For loop?

For(For(initial value; expression; updating statement)initial value; expression; updating statement)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Program 16Program 16

Q: WQ: Write a c++ program that displays the numbers from 1-10 using for loop?rite a c++ program that displays the numbers from 1-10 using for loop?



Int main( )Int main( )

{{

for(int counter = 1; counter<=10; counter++)for(int counter = 1; counter<=10; counter++)

cout<<counter<<endl;cout<<counter<<endl;

System (“pause”);System (“pause”);

return 0;return 0;

}}

64

Program 17 Q: Write a c++ program that displays the numbers from 10-1 using for loop?




{{

for(int counter = 10; counter<=1; counter++)for(int counter = 10; counter<=1; counter++)

cout<<counter<<endl;cout<<counter<<endl;

system {“pause”);system {“pause”);

return 0;return 0;

}}

65

Functions

Q: Define a function?Q: Define a function?

1.1. A function is a collection of statements that is to be A function is a collection of statements that is to be performed.performed.

2.2. The definition includes:The definition includes:- Return typeReturn type- Function nameFunction name- Parameter listsParameter lists- Body of the functionBody of the function

Q: Write a general format of defining a function?Q: Write a general format of defining a function?

Return type Function name (parameter lists)Return type Function name (parameter lists)

{{

Body of the function;Body of the function;

}}

66

Q: Mention the benefit of using functions?

The function divides a big problems to smaller ones.The function divides a big problems to smaller ones.

Q:What is a void data type function ?Q:What is a void data type function ?

It is a function that returns no value.It is a function that returns no value.

Q: Write a general format of calling a function?Q: Write a general format of calling a function?

Function name( )Function name( )


Q: Write a c++ program that have the following functions:Q: Write a c++ program that have the following functions:

1.1. MainMain

2.2. FirstFirst

3.3. SecondSecond

Then show the out put screenThen show the out put screen

67

.#include<iostream>#include<iostream>


void First( )void First( )

{{

cout<<“Now iam inside the first function”<<endl;cout<<“Now iam inside the first function”<<endl;

}}

void second( )void second( )

{{

cout<<“Now iam inside the second function”<<endl;cout<<“Now iam inside the second function”<<endl;

}}


{{

cout<<“Iam in the main function”<<endl;cout<<“Iam in the main function”<<endl;

68

.First( ); // call a first functionFirst( ); // call a first function

Second( ); // call the second functionSecond( ); // call the second function

cout<<“Back to the main function”<<endl;cout<<“Back to the main function”<<endl;


return 0;return 0;

}}

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Iam in the main function Now Iam inside the first function Now Iam inside the second functionBack to the main function

69

Program 19 Q; Using a function sum(), write a c++ program that add any two integer numbers#include<iostream>#include<iostream>


int sum(int, int);int sum(int, int);


{{

int val1= 50,val2=90, Total;int val1= 50,val2=90, Total;

Total=sum(val1,val2); Total=sum(val1,val2);

cout<<“the sum of val1 and val2 is : “<<Total<<endl;cout<<“the sum of val1 and val2 is : “<<Total<<endl;


return 0;return 0;

}}

70

.

Int sum(num1, num2)Int sum(num1, num2)

{{

return num1+num2;return num1+num2;

}}

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

71

.


Q:Write a c++ program using a function square( ), to Q:Write a c++ program using a function square( ), to calculate the square of any integer number entered calculate the square of any integer number entered by the userby the user


using namespace std:using namespace std:


{{

int a;int a;

cin>>a;cin>>a;

cout<<“square of”<<a<<“is”<<square(a)<<endl;cout<<“square of”<<a<<“is”<<square(a)<<endl;


return 0;return 0;

}}

72

.int square(int a);int square(int a);

{{

return a*a;return a*a;

}}

--------------------------------------------------------

73

Arrays

Q: Define an array?Q: Define an array?

An array is a variable that can store multiple values of the An array is a variable that can store multiple values of the same type.same type.

We have to deal with:We have to deal with:

1.1. One dimensional arrayOne dimensional array

2.2. Two dimensional arrayTwo dimensional array

Q:Write a general format of declaration of one Q:Write a general format of declaration of one dimensional array?dimensional array?

Data type Array Name [Array Size];

74

Q:Write a general format declaring two dimensional array?

.. Data type Array name [number of rows][number of columns];

Program 21Q: Write a c++ program that enable you to enter any 8 integers and display them in one dimensional array form

#include<iostream>using namespace std;int main{int A[8];

75

.for(int i=1; i<=8; i++)for(int i=1; i<=8; i++)

{{

cout <<“enter A[i]”<<endl;cout <<“enter A[i]”<<endl;

cin>>A[i];cin>>A[i];

}}

for(int i=1; i<=8; i++)for(int i=1; i<=8; i++)

{{

cout A[i];cout A[i];

}}

system(“pause”)system(“pause”)

return 0;return 0;

}}

76

Program 22Q:Write a c++ program that displays the sum of the elements of the array defined as:int sum [4] = {34, 30, 20, 56};




{{

int s[4]={34, 30, 20, 56};int s[4]={34, 30, 20, 56};

int sum = 0;int sum = 0;

for(int i=1; i<=4;i++)for(int i=1; i<=4;i++)

sum = sum+s[i];sum = sum+s[i];

77

cout<<“sum is: “<<sum;cout<<“sum is: “<<sum;system(“pause”);system(“pause”);return 0;return 0;}}

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

78

Program 23Write a c++ program that calculates the sum of two given arrays



void main()void main()int a[4]={2,4,6,8}, i,b[4]={1,3,5,6},c[4];int a[4]={2,4,6,8}, i,b[4]={1,3,5,6},c[4];

for(i=0;i<=3;i++)for(i=0;i<=3;i++)

{c[i]=a[i]+b[i];{c[i]=a[i]+b[i];

cout<<c[i]<<" ";cout<<c[i]<<" ";

}}

system (“pause”)system (“pause”)

returnreturn

}}

79

Pointers

Q:Define pointers?Q:Define pointers?

Pointers are special type of variables that do not Pointers are special type of variables that do not contain values, but contain addresses of these contain values, but contain addresses of these values.values.

Q: Write a general format of declaring pointers?Q: Write a general format of declaring pointers?

<variable type> * <variable name>;

Example:int *xptr

80

Q: How can we assign address to pointer variable/

Assigning an address to a pointer variable:Assigning an address to a pointer variable:int *intptr;int *intptr;intptr = &num;intptr = &num;

Memory layout:Memory layout:

num intptr25 0x4a00

address of num: 0x4a00

81

.

التوفيق التوفيق وبالله وبالله

1 2/6/1435 h Wednesday Lecture 8. 2 Q: What is a %(modulus) operator ? 1. % (modulus) operator...

Documents

Transcript of 1 2/6/1435 h Wednesday Lecture 8. 2 Q: What is a %(modulus) operator ? 1. % (modulus) operator...