1 © 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. · Pondering Piezo Particles HORIBA Instruments Inc....
Transcript of 1 © 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. · Pondering Piezo Particles HORIBA Instruments Inc....
© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 1
© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 2 © 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 2
Pondering Piezo Particles
HORIBA Instruments Inc.
Scientific
Kiwan Park
5/10/2016
© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 3
What we’ll talk about today
• Fun Facts
• The Fundamentals
• Applications
• The How's
• How is Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) manufactured?
• How is particle sizing crucial?
1. Lead (IV) Oxide
2. Lead (II) Oxide
3. Lead Zirconate
4. Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT): soft and hard
• Q&A
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Fun Facts
• “Piezo", derived from the Greek piezein,
which means to squeeze or press
• It’s pronounced as pee-eh-zo, it has
nothing to do with a pie
• Piezoelectricity was discovered in 1880
by French physicists Jacques and Pierre
Curie.
• Radioactivity was discovered by Marie
Curie, Pierre Curie’s wife
• 5 Nobel Prizes
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The Fundamentals
• Direct piezoelectric current
• Inverse piezoelectric current
• Cyclic
+
_
Dis
k a
fter
pola
rization
+
_
(-)
(+)
+
_
(+)
(-)
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Application – DPI
Piezo Actuator
De-agglomerated
particles
Sealed blister
Pierced holes
Inspiratory
air flow
Image source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Astma-medication.png
Dose counter
Thumb grip
Mouthpiece/dose release level
hidden inside the cover
Attached cover
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Application – Ultrasound
CPU
backing material
power cable
piezoelectric
crystals
plastic
membrane
acoustic insulator
electrodes
metal case
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Application - Igniter
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co
mmons/0/02/Lighter_diagram.PNG
Mechanical
pressure
Piezoelectric
crystals
Flame
Gas
Nozzle
Electrical
current
Tire pressure monitoring
systems (TPMS) embedded
inside
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How is PZT manufactured?
Pressed/sintered to various shapes (various resonance)
Spray-dry (e.g. PZT powder)***
Back to Milling**
Calcining (e.g. PZT)
Milling/blending**
Weighing per formulation
Incoming raw materials**
**Particle sizing required | ***Particle size and shape required
2-4
We
eks
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Measurement Method
• Laser diffraction
• Mie Scattering theory
• Dispersion method: water with surfactant
(e.g. 0.1wt% of Darven C or 0.1wt% of
Sodium Pyrophosphate solution)
• Refractive Index @ 650nm: 2.32-3.22
• RI is important for particles <50um
(ISO13320)
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Lead (II) oxide
0
16
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0.010 50000.100 1.000 10.00 100.0 10000
100
20
40
60
80
q (%
)
Diameter (µm)
Und
ersi
ze (%
)
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Lead (II) oxide
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
D(v,0.9)
D(v,0.5)
D(v,0.1)
Before applying
ultrasonics energy 1min ultrasonics; fully
dispersed
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Lead (IV) oxide
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Lead Zirconate
1min ultrasonics
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
D(v,0.9)
D(v,0.5)
D(v,0.1)
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Soft PZT / Hard PZT
• “Hard” PZT
“hard” because its dipole or domain is restricted by composition.
Can with stand high electrical, high temperature and
mechanical stresses.
Used in applications when high power is required. E.g. welders,
ultrasound cleaners.
• “Soft” PZT
“Soft” because dipole or domain isn’t restricted by composition
Has high permittivity, high coupling, high Curie temperature.
Used in applications when high sensitivity is required. E.g.
medical ultrasound, gas igniters.
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Hard PZT
Hard PZT
Soft PZT
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RI Assessment
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Acknowledgment
Special thanks to Wayne Lee of Harris Corp for providing general
knowledge of the PZT manufacturing process
www.exelispzt.com
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Q&A
Email us your questions:
Download this webinar:
http://www.horiba.com/us/en/scientific/products/particle-
characterization/download-center/webinars/
View our full range of particle characterization analyzers:
www.horiba.com/us/particle
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