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Learning the Basics

What you need to know before you cook!

• Know Your Kitchen– Appliances, Tools & Equipment

• How to Follow a Recipe– Measuring & Abbreviations

• Personal & Food Safety

• Clean Up!

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Personal Safety

Many kitchen accidents are due to lack of information or carelessness.

• Chemical poisoning, cuts, burns, fires and falls are the most common of these accidents.

• Electric shock and choking follow close behind.

You can prevent many accidents by:

• Properly using and caring for equipment.

• Noticing and correcting potential dangers.

• Being organized and following directions.

• Keeping your kitchen clean.

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Safety in the Kitchen

A Must When Cooking!

Did you know that more accidents happen in the kitchen than any other room in the house?

Safety can be divided into two very important areas:

• Personal Safety in the kitchen.

• Food Safety - preventing food-borne illnesses.

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Wash hands with hot, soapy water.

Scrub hands, wrist and fingernails for at least 20 seconds.

Rinse with hot water.

Dry with a paper towel.

Ways To Prevent Food-borne IllnessSanitation – Keep yourself and your kitchen clean.

What are things you should be doing before you cook for personal and kitchen cleanliness?

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What About The Dishes?

How to Wash Dishes Properly:

• Scrape extra food into the garbage, or down sink to run disposal

• Prepare your water, make sure it’s very warm, and has enough soap to clean your dishes.

• Wash glasses first, then silverware, plates, and cups. Wash pots and pan last, they will make the water greasy.

• Dry dishes and put away.

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Know How To Follow A Recipe

It is important to know some basic cooking terms and how to measure ingredients accurately when preparing foods.

Most recipes list ingredients and directions in the order that they occur. Follow the recipe step-by-step.

To Get Good Results From a Recipe:

• Read the recipe carefully.• Get all utensils, tools and ingredients ready. • Measure accurately.• Mix as directed.• Bake or cook the required time.

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#1 Measuring Spoons

Type: Measuring ToolUses: To accurately measure small quantities of food

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Using Measuring Spoons

Use measuring spoons to measure small amounts of dry and liquid ingredients. Do not use kitchen spoons, they are not accurate.

How to measure the following:

• 3/4 tsp. Salt

• 3 tsp. Vanilla

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Abbreviations

Do you understand these abbreviations?

teaspoon tsp. or t.

Tablespoon Tbsp.or T.

cup c.

pint pt.

quart qt.

ounce oz.

pound lb. or #

Fahrenheit F

Why do you think many recipes use abbreviations?

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Equivalents

From small to large measurements:

1 Tbsp. = 3 tsp.

1 c. = 16 Tbsp.

2 c. = 1 pt.

4 c. = 1 qt.

16 c. = 1 gal.

2 pt. = 1 qt.

4 qt. = 1 gal.

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#2 Rubber Spatula

Type: Baking Tool

Uses: Fold ingredients in, scrape plates & bowls

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#3 Tongs

Type: Preparation Tool

Uses: Removing foods from hot water, turning foods

tongs

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#4 Peeler

Type: Cutting Tool

Uses: To remove the outer surface from fruits & vegetables

vegetable peeler

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#5 Metal Spatula

Type: Baking Tool

Uses: To level dry ingredients, frost cookies & cakes

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* Pancake Turner/Spatula

Type: Prep Tool

Uses: To turn or lift items such as pancakes & cookies

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#6 Slotted Spoon

Type: Prep Tool

Uses: Lifting food out of liquid

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#7 Liquid Measuring CupsType: Measuring Tool

Uses: Measuring all liquid ingredients

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Measuring Liquids

For liquid ingredients including milk, water, oil, and juice, use liquid measuring cups.

• Set cup on a flat surface.

• Bend down to eye level and pour until the desired mark is reached.

liquid measuring cup

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#8 Wire Whisk

Type: Mixing Tool

Uses: To combine

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#9.1 Chef Knife

Type: Cutting Tool

Uses: Chopping ingredients

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#9.2 Paring Knife

Type: Cutting Tool

Uses: To cut, slice and dice food

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#9.3 Bread Knife

Type: Cutting Tool

Uses: To slice breads

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* Cutting Board

Type: Prep Tool

Uses: Protects counter when cutting

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#10 Sifter

Type: Baking Tool

Uses: Remove lumps from powdered sugar & flour

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#11 Rolling Pin

Type: Baking Tool

Uses: Rolling out dough or pastry

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#12 Kitchen Shears

Type: Cutting Tool

Uses: Snip herbs & vegetables, open packages

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#13 Grater

Type: Cutting Tool‘

Uses: Shred cheese & vegetables

grater

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#14 Pastry Brush

Type: Prep Tool

Uses: Brush Butter or sauces on food

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#15.1 Wire Strainer

Type: Prep Tool

Uses: sifting solids and straining liquids

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#15.2 Colander

Type: Prep Tool

Uses: Drain water during vegetable & fruit washing; drain pasta

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#16 Pastry Blender

Type: Baking Tool

Uses: To cut in shortening/butter into dry ingredients

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#17 Wooden Spoon

Type: Prep Tool

Uses: Mixing dough, creaming & stirring sauces

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#18 Ladle

Type: Prep Tool

Uses: Dip & Pour liquids

ladle

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#19 Measuring Cups

Type: Measuring Tool

Uses: Measure dry and solid ingredients

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Measuring Solid Ingredients

For solid ingredients including peanut butter, shortening and brown sugar use dry measuring cups.

• Pack

• Level

• Empty

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Measuring Dry Ingredients

For dry ingredients includingflour, sugar, and salt, use dry measuring cups & spoons.

• Heap

• Level

• Empty

dry measuring cups

measuring spoons

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#20 Meat ThermometerType: Thermometer

Uses: To tell temperature of meat

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*Mixing Bowls and/or Nesting Bowls

Type: Prep Tool

Uses: To hold ingredients while mixing

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Baking Tools

muffin pan

9” X 13” rectangular

10” X 15” baking pan

bread/loaf pan

cake pan

cookie sheet

pie pan

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Cooking Tools

saucepan stock pot

small fry pan

stir fry pan (wok)

large fry pan

casserole dishes

roaster

3-4 qt saucepan