1 2 3 4 FIRST TENTATIVE OF CHARACTERISATION OF STRATUM OUTCROPPING INSIDE THE ROMAN BATHS OF PALAZZO...
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1 2 3 4 FIRST TENTATIVE OF CHARACTERISATION OF STRATUM OUTCROPPING INSIDE THE ROMAN BATHS OF PALAZZO VALENTINI IN ROME C. Silvestri 1 , L. Di Luca 1 , G. Visco 1 , M.P. Sammartino 1 , P. Baldassarri 2 1 Rome University, La Sapienza, Mat. Ph. Nat. Science Faculty, Rome, Italy 2 Province of Rome, Department II, Office 2, Rome, Italy AIM of the work Aim of this work is a first characterization of stratum outcropping inside the archeological excavation of Palazzo Valentini in Rome, promoted and financed by the Province of Rome. The obtained results will feed into a database that will contain the same analyses for the other points of stratum outcropping in the Roman Forum. It also seeks to highlight a difference between the analysed water and those coming from the modern supply and sewer network in the area so dispelling any doubts a possibile their mixing occurring inside the building itself or from neighbour sources. All the work has been done both on site and in the laboratory. Palazzo Valentini & Small Baths The underground ruins of Palazzo Valentini(photo to the left), built in the late 1500s near the Roman Forum, show the presence of stratum outcropping. Today Palazzo Valentini is the seat of the Province of Rome, after a number of extension works related to the various owners of the site. It is said that the outcrop in the "Small Baths“(image to the right) is linked to an autonomous source. Today, in fact, there are some veins of water at the same level with a low but perceptible flow of water that may drain into the roman channels still present and recognizable. The study will determine membership of groundwater in the area of the Roman Forum (or its eventual independence) or the autonomy of the same with respect to the waste water of the area. [3] Materials & Methods All the analyses were performed basing on the Italian rules [2] foreseen for the spring waters in particular for potable water, while the characterisation exploits the modern techniques of multivariate analyses. Bottles (capacity: 1L) of HPE are been used for the water’s transport in laboratory. Conclusion s The choice of parameters to be mesured resulted suitable to obtain an identikit of the samples. With this first analysis it can be assumed the independence of the point of outcrop from the water supply of Rome. To ensure the independence of the aquifer will be realized the microbiological analyses to highlight eventual infiltration of sewage, and a continuous Spectrophotometry & Chromatography Comparison of dissolved substances and of chemical-physical characteristics between the stratum outcropping (S.O.) and the public water of Rome (P.W.R) S.O P.W.R. * Water temperature at the source (°C) 18.4 pH 8.1 7.4 Fixed residue at 180 °C (mg) 514.4 384 Specific electrical conductivity (µS) 802.3 537 Suspended solids (mg) 3.5 ORP (mV) 228.8 O 2 (mg/L) 5.3 Calcium (mg/L) 79.9 96 Magnesium (mg/L) 15.5 19 Sodium (mg/L) 29 4.5 Potassium (mg/L) 37.5 2.0 Chloride (mg/L) 70.8 6.4 Fluoride (mg/L) 1.1 0.13 Sulphates (mg/L) 32.2 14 Nitrates (mg/L) 48.1 3.5 Bicarbonates (mg/L) 150.1 *Identity card of Water - ACEA 2011 [1] Aa. Vv., Palazzo Valentini – L’area tra antichità ed età moderna: scoperte archeologiche e progetti di valorizzazione , EdiArt Roma, 2008, ISBN 978889579029; [2] Metodi Analitici per le Acque – Manuali e Linee Guida – APAT, IRSA-CNR, 2004, ISBN 8844800837; [3] P. Baldassarri, Indagini archeologiche a Palazzo Valentini: domus di età imperiale ai margini del Foro Traiano , Rendicondi della Pontificia Accademia Romana di Archeologia, LXXXI, 2008-2009, 343-384 Spectophotometry and Cromatography allowed a first discrimination among the stratum outcropping (first photo on the bottom right) and the fountain in the courtyard of Palazzo Valentini (second photo on the bottom right). As show in the first photo, a suction pump has been used for withdrawing water of stratum. For sampling, in both cases, has been used a bucket of polyethylene (capacity: 20L). The cromatographic analysis performed on the water samples shows a significant difference between the amount of Chlorite, Nitrite and Sulfate (2°,3° and 4° peaks). The amount of Fluoride (1°peak) is low for both samples. The analysis of fountain’s water is consistent with the value of Public water of Rome (ACEA) and demonstrates the difference between the amount of anions contained in drinking water, compared to the same anions in not potable water (stratum CMA4CH 2014, Employ of Multivariate Analysis and Chemiometrics in Cultural Heritage and Environment Fields, 5 th ed., Rome, Italy, 14-17 December 2014 The long process of excavation started in 2005 [1] and did emerge the remains of the podium of a huge temple, probably the Temple of the deified emperors Trajan and Plotina, two domus (A and B), a terrace, and a full private bath complex (privatis balnea) belonging to the domus B (“Small Baths”), which include the following areas: praefurnium, calidarium, laconicum, tepidarium, frigidarium, apodyterium.
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Transcript of 1 2 3 4 FIRST TENTATIVE OF CHARACTERISATION OF STRATUM OUTCROPPING INSIDE THE ROMAN BATHS OF PALAZZO...
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FIRST TENTATIVE OF CHARACTERISATION OF STRATUM OUTCROPPING INSIDE THE ROMAN BATHS OF PALAZZO VALENTINI IN ROME
C. Silvestri1, L. Di Luca1, G. Visco1, M.P. Sammartino1, P. Baldassarri2
1Rome University, La Sapienza, Mat. Ph. Nat. Science Faculty, Rome, Italy2Province of Rome, Department II, Office 2, Rome, Italy
AIM of the workAim of this work is a first characterization of stratum outcropping inside the archeological excavation of Palazzo Valentini in Rome, promoted and financed by
the Province of Rome. The obtained results will feed into a database that will contain the same analyses for the other points of stratum outcropping in the Roman Forum. It also seeks to highlight a difference between the analysed water and those coming from the modern supply and sewer network in the area so dispelling any doubts a possibile their mixing occurring inside the building itself or from neighbour sources. All the work has been done both on site and in the laboratory.
Palazzo Valentini & Small BathsThe underground ruins of Palazzo Valentini(photo to the left), built in the late 1500s near the Roman Forum, show the presence of stratum outcropping. Today Palazzo Valentini is the seat of the Province of Rome, after a number of extension works related to the various owners of the site.
It is said that the outcrop in the "Small Baths“(image to the right) is linked to an autonomous source.Today, in fact, there are some veins of water at the same level with a low but perceptible flow of water that may drain into the roman channels still present and recognizable. The study will determine membership of groundwater in the area of the Roman Forum (or its eventual independence) or the autonomy of the same with respect to the waste water of the area. [3]
Materials & MethodsAll the analyses were performed basing on the Italian rules [2] foreseen for the spring waters in particular for potable water, while the characterisation exploits the modern techniques of multivariate analyses. Bottles (capacity: 1L) of HPE are been used for the water’s transport in laboratory.
ConclusionsThe choice of parameters to be mesured resulted suitable to obtain an identikit of the samples. With this first analysis it can be assumed the independence of the point of outcrop from the water supply of Rome. To ensure the independence of the aquifer will be realized the microbiological analyses to highlight eventual infiltration of sewage, and a continuous monitoring of the groundwater level to highlight a relationship with the seasonal rainfall.
Spectrophotometry & Chromatography
Comparison of dissolved substances and of chemical-physical characteristics between the stratum outcropping
(S.O.) and the public water of Rome (P.W.R)
S.O P.W.R. *Water temperature at the source (°C) 18.4
pH 8.1 7.4Fixed residue at 180 °C (mg) 514.4 384Specific electrical conductivity (µS) 802.3 537Suspended solids (mg) 3.5ORP (mV) 228.8O2 (mg/L) 5.3
Calcium (mg/L) 79.9 96Magnesium (mg/L) 15.5 19Sodium (mg/L) 29 4.5Potassium (mg/L) 37.5 2.0Chloride (mg/L) 70.8 6.4Fluoride (mg/L) 1.1 0.13Sulphates (mg/L) 32.2 14Nitrates (mg/L) 48.1 3.5Bicarbonates (mg/L) 150.1*Identity card of Water - ACEA 2011
[1] Aa. Vv., Palazzo Valentini – L’area tra antichità ed età moderna: scoperte archeologiche e progetti di valorizzazione, EdiArt Roma, 2008, ISBN 978889579029; [2] Metodi Analitici per le Acque – Manuali e Linee Guida – APAT, IRSA-CNR, 2004, ISBN 8844800837;[3] P. Baldassarri, Indagini archeologiche a Palazzo Valentini: domus di età imperiale ai margini del Foro Traiano, Rendicondi della Pontificia Accademia Romana di Archeologia, LXXXI, 2008-2009, 343-384
Spectophotometry and Cromatography allowed a first discrimination among the stratum outcropping (first photo on the bottom right) and the fountain in the courtyard of Palazzo Valentini (second photo on the bottom right).As show in the first photo, a suction pump has been used for withdrawing water of stratum. For sampling, in both cases, has been used a bucket of polyethylene (capacity: 20L).
The cromatographic analysis performed on the water samples shows a significant difference between the amount of Chlorite, Nitrite and Sulfate (2°,3° and 4° peaks). The amount of Fluoride (1°peak) is low for both samples. The analysis of fountain’s water is consistent with the value of Public water of Rome (ACEA) and demonstrates the difference between the amount of anions contained in drinking water, compared to the same anions in not potable water (stratum outcropping).
CMA4CH 2014, Employ of Multivariate Analysis and Chemiometrics in Cultural Heritage and Environment Fields, 5 th ed., Rome, Italy, 14-17 December 2014
The long process of excavation started in 2005 [1] and did emerge the remains of the podium of a huge temple, probably the Temple of the deified emperors Trajan and Plotina, two domus (A and B), a terrace, and a full private bath complex (privatis balnea) belonging to the domus B (“Small Baths”), which include the following areas: praefurnium, calidarium, laconicum, tepidarium, frigidarium, apodyterium.
