1 1. SIM2CO+ Towards rider training modules on simulator for hazard perception skills S. Espié, S....
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Transcript of 1 1. SIM2CO+ Towards rider training modules on simulator for hazard perception skills S. Espié, S....
1
1. SIM2CO+
Towards rider training modules on simulator for hazard perception skills
S. Espié, S. Aupetit, 2012
A collaborative work sponsored by the French Research Agency (ANR) and the French Competitiveness Cluster (MOV'EO)
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1. Rationale of SIM2CO+
Bad figures for the novices accidentality (bimodal histrogram: novices and returning)
20% of accidents in France involved a less than a year licensed rider (ONISR, 2009)
62% of accidents in Paris involved a less than a year licensed rider (ODP, 2005)
A 3 years ergonomic study of motorcycle training in France (PhD, Aupetit S.)
2 past experiences in Naturalistic Riding Study (7th FP 2BESAFE & French ANR DAMOTO)
The design of a reversible instrumentation (to be used on the riders own motorcycle)
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2. the French licensing system
• Motorcycle license A• After 18 years old• All kinds of motorcycles (restriction between 18 & 21
years old)• Tests on track and on road
• Motorcycle pre test training• In motorcycle schools
Riding after licensing
Test on
road
Test on
road
Training on road
Test on
track
Test on
track
Training on track
At least 12hAt least 8h
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3. Results of the study (summary)
The over concentration on motorbike control
Initial training focuses on track training
Track training mainly tests manoeuvrabilityInstructors’ concerns focus on manoeuvrabilityProblem: real traffic situations mainly mobilize hazard
perceptual skills
The over concentration on motorbike control
Initial training focuses on track training
Track training mainly tests manoeuvrabilityInstructors’ concerns focus on manoeuvrabilityProblem: real traffic situations mainly mobilize hazard
perceptual skills
The over concentration on motorbike control
Initial training focuses on track training
Track training mainly tests manoeuvrabilityInstructors’ concerns focus on manoeuvrabilityProblem: real traffic situations mainly mobilize hazard
perceptual skills
The over concentration on motorbike control
Initial training focuses on track training
Track training mainly tests manoeuvrabilityInstructors’ concerns focus on manoeuvrabilityProblem: real traffic situations mainly mobilize hazard
perceptual skills
Track training
Road training All the training
Mandatory curriculum 8 hours 12 hours 20 hours
Real curriculum 19 hours 6 hours 30 hours
Hazard perceptual skills are undervalued in training conditions
85% of the trainers’ interventions concern route directions
Trainers avoid complex environment such as city center
3. Results of the study (summary)
Riders’ itinerary
Downtown
4. SIM2CO+ aims
Based on
MAIDS (2003): “the most frequent errors of riders responsible for an accident are poor perception of danger (36.6%) and poor traffic analysis (27.7%)”
Haworth and al. (2000); Aupetit (2011): “these skills are not sufficiently present in educational context”
The main objective of the SIM2CO+ project is:
to design and validate training modules for hazard perception skills of motorcycle riding,
on simulation tools.
5. Contents of the SIM2CO+ project
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5. Approach
Novices M/F Age Context Monitoring Kms
Novice 1 M 33 Paris region 11 weeks 3 680 kms
Novice 2 M 26 Paris region 11 weeks 4 100 kms
Novice 3 M 24 Paris region 11 weeks 2 450 kms
Novice 4 M 29 Paris region 8 weeks 300 kms
Novice 5 F 26 Provincial 12 weeks 2 300 kms
Novice 6 M 30 Paris region 11 weeks 1 600 kms
TOTAL 64 weeks 14 430 kms
Trainees M/F Mean Age Context Monitoring Kms
12 / School 1 11M/1F 26 Paris region 8 weeks 720 kms
8 / School 2 6M/2F 24 Provincial 10 weeks 480 kms
TOTAL 18 weeks 1 200 kms
NRS monitoring
16 000 kms /
80 weeks
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6. Data collection
Diaries Identification of the risky situations according to the rider One diary per week of experiment Significant work to explain the type of situations to be included
400 risky situations
identified
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6. Data collection
Camera instrumentationRight camera
Data logger set in the top case
Rider face camera
Forward camera
Left camera
140 hours of video
recordings
Instrumented motorbike
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3. Data collection
Sensor instrumentation
Turn signal
Brake signal
3 axes accelometers/ gyrometersAccelerations/rotations
Incremental sensorSteering angle
Speed sensorWheels turn
Data logger set under the top case
GPS systemPTW Localisation
270 hours of data
recordings
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6. Data collection
Interviews(1) Description of the situations reported in the diary(2) Self-confrontation interview based on videos
Footage of past riding activity
Researcher
Rider
Remote control. Used by the researcher and the rider to stop or wind back the video
Face and gesture of the rider during the interview
35 hours of interview
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7. Data processing
Processing tables combining the collected data A 400 pages document
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8. Example of results
8.1 Characterization of the risky situations
48% during a home-to-work trip 68% on usual routes 44% in built-up area 20% on highway 14% happened on a curve 11% on a roundabout 3% with a pillion 2% with other riders 7% during the night
Whole journey
Routes
Infrastructure
Social aspect
Weather conditions
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8. Example of results
8.2 Identification of rider’s weaknesses
Represent rider’s activity in “activity graph” Identify the typical shortcomings
e.g. Controlling the machine on a tight right-hand bend whiletrying to ascertain some information
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8. Example of results
8.3 Selection of scenarios Clustering risky situations thanks to rider’s shortcomings / context e.g. Failure to give the right of way by other user in an intersection
"A car did not stop at the mark. It stopped in the middle of the road, so I made an emergency brake! "
"I approached a car park when a car arrived from the right. I managed to avoid by the left side but I was afraid!"
"A car in the opposite lane turned left just in front of me. It crossed my path while I drove at 70km/h! The driver certainly did not see me!"
P
Rider
Driver
14 selected scenarios
after matching
accident analysis
9. Current status of the project
Task 1: identification of the typical accidents situations of novices from
literatureachieved
Task 2 :identification of the typical accidents situations of novices from NRS
achieved
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10. Next steps of the project
Task 3, 5: Specification of the scenarios Virtual world (3D base) Interactions between road users
ongoing
Task 5: Creation of the educational content Turorial feed-backs Progressivity Sequence duration…
ongoing
Task 4: Design of the technical tools E-learning device (inspired by IRT, 2007) Low-cost simulator(s)
ongoing