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Biometrics and Authentication

Mohit Mittal



Contents

Authentication Types of authentication Biometric authentication

Process of Biometric authentication Biometric products Various Manufacturers Conclusion



What is authentication?

Authentication is the process ofverifying that a user requesting a

network or resource, is who (he/she)or it claims to be, and vice versa.



Authentication Methods

Conventional authentication methods something that you have

something that you know

Biometric authentication methods something that you are



What is Biometric?

“ A biometric is a physiological or behavioral

characteristic of a human being that can distinguish

one person from another and that theoretically can be

used for identification or verification of identity.”



Why Biometrics?

• Identity thefts

• Something you know can't be stolen

• Predicted or hacked• Reliability on manual verification



Application Categories

Biometric applications available today are

categorized into 2 sectors

• Psychological: Iris, Fingerprints, Hand, Retinal

and Face recognition

• Behavioral: Voice, Typing pattern, Signature



Capture StoreProcess

Compare

Enrollment:

Verification:

PresentBiometrics

PresentBiometrics

Capture Process

Match

NoMatch



Biometric products

Fingerprint recognition

Face recognition

Iris recognition

Retinal recognition Hand geometry measurement

Dynamic signature verification

Typing pattern



Fingerprint Recognition – identify minutia

Enclosure

Ridge ending

Island

Bifurcation



Disadvantages

• Racial issues

• Dirt , grime and wounds

• Placement of finger

• Too big a database to process

• Can be spoofed –liveness important!



Hand Geometry

• Geometry of users hands

• More reliable than fingerprinting

• Balance in performance and usability



Disadvantage

• Very large scanners



Retinal Scanning

• Scans retina into database

• User looks straight into retinal reader

• Scan using low intensity light • Very efficient – cant be spoofed!



Disadvantages

• User has to look “directly”

• FTE ratio high in this biometric

• Acceptability concerns– Light exposure

– Hygiene



Iris Scanner

• Scans unique pattern of iris

• Iris is colored and visible from far

• No touch required

• Overcomes retinal scanner issues

• Contact lenses an issue?



Face recognition

• User faces camera

• Neutral expression required

• Apt lighting and position

• Algorithms for processing

• Decision



Issues

• Identification across expression

• FRR or FAR fluctuate

• Easily spoofed

• Tougher usability

• High Environmental impact



Voice Recognition

• Speech input – Frequency

– Duration

– Cadence

• Neutral tone

• User friendly



Disadvantages

• Local acoustics• Background noise

• Device quality

• Illness , emotional behavior• Time consuming enrollment

• Large processing template



Signature Recognition

• Signature measures (dynamic) – Speed

– Velocity

– Pressure• Captures images (static)

• High user acceptance



Issues

• Signature variable with

– Age, illness, emotions

• Requires high quality hardware

• High FRR as signatures are very dynamic



Typing Patterns

• User typing pattern

– Speed

– Press and Release Rate

• Unique patterns are generated

• comparisons



Issues

• Not very scalable

• FRR is high

• Can be spoofed – by simpletechnology (recorders)



Which biometric method / product

is best?

• Depends on the application reliability

security

performance

cost

user acceptance

life detection

users that are unsuitable

size of sensor



Conclusions

• Biometric technology has greatpotential

•

There are many biometric productsaround, regarding the differentbiometric technologies

•

Shortcomings of biometric systems



Your questions are welcome!



Thank You!!

0fb101-biometrics

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