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Lesson

88

Plus PublicationsBramleyDouglas RoadCorkIreland

(t) 353-(0)21-4847444() 353-(0)21-4847675(e) [email protected](i) www.learnrenchbypodcast.com

LEARN

FRENCHBY PODCASTAUDIO PODCASTS

FOR LEARNERSOF FRENCHAS A FOREIGNLANGUAGE

Did you see?The towns are all

decorated

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2 Plus Publications, 2007. All rights reserved.

Lesson 88 : Thursday, December 27th, 2007

Level : intermediate. Did you see? The towns are all decorated unmarch:[a market]

vivre:[to live, to exist, to experience]

preceding direct object pronoun en

lui,leur:[indirect object pronouns]

le,la,les:[direct object pronouns]

Dialogue

Where you see

this symbol

its your turn

to repeat what

youve heard.

Then well

repeat once

more.

Though France could not be described as a religious country,Christmas is widely celebrated in French towns and cities, withchildren eagerly anticipating the arrival o Santa Claus. But whatabout the vocabulary related to this estive season ? Christmas trees,decorations, Christmas markets, red ribbons, gits lets study someo the key expressions. Well start with a role-play

Amlie Tu as vu ? Toutes les villes sont maintenant dcorespour Nol !

Xavier Bah heureusement ! On est quand mme n dcembre !Amlie Et les marchs de Nol sont ouverts depuis le premier

dcembre ! Jadore me promener dans les marchs deNol ! a sent la tartiette, le vin chaud, et les pices !Toutes ces odeurs qui me rappellent les Nols de monenance !

Xavier Oui, jaime beaucoup ner au march de Nol, les petitschalets en bois, les rubans rouges, les chocolats ! En plus,

jen prote pour aire mes derniers achats. Il y a toujoursplein dides cadeaux !

Amlie Tu as raison, il est impossible de rentrer la maisonsans avoir un ou deux sacs chaque main ! Au ait, tu asachet un sapin de Nol ?

Xavier Oui, et cette anne, jai pens lenvironnement ! Jaiachet un vrai sapin de Nol en pot, comme a, une oisles tes termines, je vais le planter dans le jardin et jelutiliserai nouveau lanne prochaine !

Amlie Moi, je ais la mme chose ! Mon sapin a trois ansmaintenant. Si bien quon a d lui couper la tte pour leaire rentrer dans la maison ! Les enants sont si heureuxde le dcorer chaque anne !

Xavier Oui, cest agrable les tes de n danne ! Tout le mondeveut aire plaisir tout le monde, on soufe un peuavant la nouvelle anne, on se repose ! Ah, vivement lesvacances !

Note

Toutes les villes[f pl][= All the towns / cities ]

Note the eminine plural orm o the adjective, tout,above. It agrees with the towns les villes. Consideralso :

Tous les Europens que je connais [= All the Europeans I know ] Il a domin tout le monde de la tte des

paules [= He was head and shoulders above everybodyelse (lit. He dominated everybody rom )]

Toute la amille est impatiente de mieux laconnatre.[= The whole amily is eager to (get to) knowher better.]

Note

Jadore me promener[f pl][= I love walking / to walk ]

We must remember to use the appropriate reexivepronoun beore the infnitive o the verb. Consideralso :

Elle adore sepromener [= She loves walking / to walk ]

Nous adorons nouspromener [= We love walking / to walk ]Ils adorent sepromener [= They love walking / to walk ]

Note

le marchs de Nol[= the Christmas markets]

The diaresis le trma results in separate anddistinct pronuniciations o both syllables : Nol.Consider the eect ole trma in the adjectivena, nave () [= naive, innocent] and in the verbhar [= to hate, to detest : ils se hassent [= they

detest each other]](haris pronounced like ah-eer.)

Note ces odeurs me rappellent

[= the smells remind me o /recall (to mind)]

Watch the pronunciation whenusing the verb rappeler in thePresent Tense ! The endingis silent.Well use the 3rd person singularrequently, too, when talking about aphoto, or whatever :

Cette photo me rappelle de bonsouvenirs. [= This photo recallshappy memories.]

Note that the pronunciation o 3rd personsingular and plural is exactlythe same :rappelle / rappellent

Note nerau march

[= to stroll / wanderaroundthe market]

Note

jen profte [= I take advantage oit in order to ]

The pronoun en, in this case, reers to theaction owandering / strolling aroundthe market.

Note

les pices

[= spices]I we take the eminine noun une pice andchange it slightly, putting an e-accent-aigu at theend, we get spicy :pic

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Plus Publications, 2007. All rights reserved. 3

Dialogue







Where you see

this symbol

its your turn

to repeat what

youve heard.

Then well

repeat once

more.

Lets hear this dialogue one more time.

Amlie Tu as vu ? Toutes les villes sont maintenant dcorespour Nol !

Xavier Bah heureusement ! On est quand mme n dcembre !Amlie Et les marchs de Nol sont ouverts depuis le premier

dcembre ! Jadore me promener dans les marchs deNol ! a sent la tartiette, le vin chaud, et les pices !Toutes ces odeurs qui me rappellent les Nols de monenance !

Xavier Oui, jaime beaucoup ner au march de Nol, les petitschalets en bois, les rubans rouges, les chocolats ! En plus,

jen prote pour aire mes derniers achats. Il y a toujoursplein dides cadeaux !

Amlie Tu as raison, il est impossible de rentrer la maisonsans avoir un ou deux sacs chaque main ! Au ait, tuas achet un sapin de Nol ?

Xavier Oui, et cette anne, jai pens lenvironnement ! Jaiachet un vrai sapin de Nol en pot, comme a, une oisles tes termines, je vais le planter dans le jardin et jelutiliserai nouveau lanne prochaine !

Amlie Moi, je ais la mme chose ! Mon sapin a trois ans

maintenant. Si bien quon a d lui couper la tte pourle aire rentrer dans la maison ! Les enants sont siheureux de le dcorer chaque anne !

Xavier Oui, cest agrable les tes de n danne ! Tout lemonde veut aire plaisir tout le monde, on soufe unpeu avant la nouvelle anne, on se repose ! Ah, vivementles vacances !

Note

Il y a toujours plein dides cadeaux ![= There are always lots ogit ideas !]

plein deis a colloquial equivalent obeaucoupde [= many] :

il y a plein de gens dans la rue.

[= there are lots opeople in the street.]

As a quantifer,plein (de) simply means ull : On a aitle plein du stade pour ce match.

[= They flled the stadium or this / thatmatch.]

un plein (dessence) [= a fll (o petrol)]

pleindespoir pour leur avenir[= ull ohope or their uture]

Note

Tu as raison,

[= You are right, ]

avoir raisonis one o a set o expressions whichrequires the use oavoir.

Tas raison ! Moi,jai tort.[= Youre right ! Im wrong.]

Consider other expressions requiring avoir : avoir | raison = to be right

| tort = to be wrong | roid = to be cold* | chaud = to be hot* | aim = to be hungry | soi = to be thirsty | peur = to be araid | honte = to be ashamed

*avoir is used when reerring to a person(orpersons) who is / are cold / hot. (In the case o anobject, tre is used. For the (ambient) temperature,aire is used.)

Note

Comme a, [= (In) that way, ]

Consider another example :

Cest comme a quilgagne sa vie maintenant.[ Thats how he makes aliving now.(lit. Its (in) that way that hemakes )]

Note

une ois les tes termines, [= Once the celebrations [are] over ]

It occasionally happens, as in the example

above, that French does not require a verb(where English does, in act, require one).Consider another example :

Une ois (quelle sera) partie, [= Once she has let, ]

Note

Je vais le planter [= Im going to plant it]

Je l utiliserai [= I will use it]

it (i.e. le sapin)

complment dobjet direct(direct object pronoun)

!

Note

chaque main.[= in each hand.]

Note the use o the preposition in French. Consider also : avec une ourchette la main.

[= with a ork in his / her hand.[The defnite article la is used: whether were talking abouthis or her hand will be obvious rom the context.]]

la main can also mean manually or by hand, as in theollowing example :

La cueillette des raisons est encore pratique lamain. [Grape-picking is still practised by hand.]

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un march

vivre








Dialogue

Where you see

this symbol

its your turn

to repeat what

youve heard.

Then well

repeat once

more.

Amlie, you reerred to the Christmas markets. Whetherreerring to a market in town, the black market, the reemarket, well need to know the noun

le marchle march

The Christmas markets les marchs de Nol havebeen open in France since December 1st. To convey thatsomething has been happening since a particular point intime, well use depuis, ollowed by the present. So, Amlie,your comment was

les marchs de Nol sont ouverts depuis lepremier dcembre. les marchs de Nol sont ouverts depuislepremier dcembre.

Lets take another example with depuis. For a ew hours,hes been eeling unwell

Depuis quelques heures, il se sent mal.Depuis quelques heures, il se sent mal.

To take an example like we might hear on the evening

news, how about : For 45 years, the Burmese people havebeen living under a military dictatorship

Depuis 45 ans, le peuple birman vit sous unedictature militaire.Depuis 45 ans, le peuple birman vit sous unedictature militaire.

To get back to our conversation, you said I like walkingthrough the Christmas markets. This should be easy.To like, as we know, is aimer. And we ollow this byan innitive. Our innitive here is the reexive verb se

promener to walk, that is. And, o course, we mustchange the reexive pronoun depending on the context.Lets listen again

Jaime me promener dans les marchs.Jaime me promener dans les marchs.

I we were talking about Xavier, we would say Il aime se promener dans les marchs.Il aime se promener dans les marchs.

So, lets not orget to use the correct reexive pronoun, asthe situation demands.

Note

le march.[= the market.]

Consider some other uses o this noun :Les grandes suraces ont ait disparatre denombreux petits commerces. En revanche,

lesmarchstraditionnels rsistent merveille dans les villes et les bourgades.[= The hypermarkets have caused manysmall businesses to disappear. However, thetraditional markets have resisted wonderully inthe cities and small towns.]Jai ait le tour dunmarchlocal un samedimatin.[= I did a tour o a local market one Saturdaymorning.]Il ny a pas de comparaison entre ce quilsvendent et ce que lon trouve sur lesmarchs.[= Theres no comparison between what theysell and what one fnds in the markets.]

Note

le peuple birman vit sous [= the Burmese people live under ]

Note the use o the Present Tense (3rd person) ovivre to live. Consider other tenses o this sameverb. Note in particular the past participle vcu in thepass compos(2nd example, below) :

Sa petite amie, qui sappelait Jeanne,vivait en cosse.[= His girlriend, whose name was Jeanne, wasliving in Scotland.]Ils ont vcu Lyon pendant deux ans.[= They lived in Lyon or two years.]

Note

le peuple birman vit [= the Burmese people live ]

Note, also, that le peuple though it reers to manypeople is a collectivesingularnoun and requiresthe 3rd personsingularo the verb.

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Dialogue







Where you see

this symbol

its your turn

to repeat what

youve heard.

Then well

repeat once

more.

In a recent lesson, Amlie, we used the expressionThat smells minty . The ormula required the verbsentir to smell, ollowed by a noun. On that occasion,you said

a sent la menthe.a sent la menthe.

In this dialogue, theres a similar expression. You saidtheres a smell ola tartiette, a typical smell one ndsduring the cold weather. That is

a sent la tartiette.a sent la tartiette.

And o course, two indispensable variations on this aresimply

a sent bon !

anda sent mauvais !

which well use when something smells either good, orbad, respectively.

All these ragrances in town recall the Christmases oyour childhood, Amlie. To recall, or simply to rememberis rappeler a variation on the verb appeler. Lets hear howyou said : All these smells remind me o the Christmaseso my childhood, while making sure to listen out or thisverb rappeler

Toutes ces odeurs me rappellent les Nols de monenance.

Toutes ces odeurs me rappellent les Nols de monenance.

Lets take another example with rappeler. How about Thisarticle reminds me o something I saw on TV

Cet article me rappelle quelque chose que jai vue

la tl.Cet article me rappelle quelque chose que jai vue la tl.

Xavier, too, liked strolling around, ambling through themarkets. In French, Amlie, you have an easy verb or tostroll or to amble : thats

nerner

Lets hear what Xavier said Jaime beaucoup ner au march.Jaime beaucoup ner au march.

preceding

direct

object

pronoun

Note

quelque chose que jai vue [= something I saw on TV ]

Were used to seeing examples o the pass composwith auxiliaryverb avoir. For example

1.Jaivu un flm hier soir.

2. Elles ontvu un flm hier soir.3. Nous avonsachet quelque chose en ville.

Note, in particular, examples 1 and 2 above. The past participle (othe verb voir) remains unchanged, regardless o the subject orobject o the sentence. This is what we normally expect o thepass composwith avoir: in other words there is no agreemento the past participle.HoweverWhen avoir is used as auxiliary, we must watch out or apreceding direct object, that is, an object which precedestheverb in the sentence. Consider our example again :

quelque chose que jai vue [= something I saw]In this case, que isa relative / direct object pronoun and reers to aeminine noun la chose. Because o this preceding direct objectpronoun, agreement o the past participle is necessary, hence theadditional e on vu.

quelque chose que j ai vue la tl

The past participle agreesin number and gender withthepreceding direct object que which itself refersto the feminine noun, lachose. Hence, the nal e.

relative / direct object pronoun : que

auxiliary verb : avoir

past participle : vu

pass composwith auxiliary verb avoir:agreement of past participle in the caseof direct object pronouns

1

!

2

3

FinallyConsider the ollowing two expressions :

1. Jai vuune personne.2. une personneque jai vue.

In each case, une personne is the direct object pronoun.However, in example 2, this object pronounprecedes the auxiliaryverb, avoir. Thereore, an additional e is required on the pastparticiple. In other words, the past par ticiple agrees in numberand gender with the preceding direct object pronoun.

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en

lui,

indirect

object

pronoun








Dialogue

Where you see

this symbol

its your turn

to repeat what

youve heard.

Then well

repeat once

more.

Xavier said that he takes advantage o this strollingaround to make a ew last-minute purchases. to takeadvantage o or to benet rom is profter de. Lets hearthis verb in context

Jen prote pour aire mes derniers achats.Jen prote pour aire mes derniers achats.

Another example is : Im in Paris or a ew days. Im takingadvantage o that to visit the Louvre. We would say

Je passe quelques jours Paris. Jen prote pourvisiter le Louvre.Je passe quelques jours Paris. Jen prote pourvisiter le Louvre.

On the subject o Christmas trees les sapins de NolXavier thought o the environment. He bought a real,potted, Christmas tree which he could reuse rom yearto year. To think o or to think about ispenser . Penseris an easy 1st Group verb, but we need to watch thepreposition which ollows. Lets listen again

Jai pens lenvironnement.Jai pens lenvironnement.

How about a diferent example : I thought o you !Jai pens toi.Jai pens toi.

So, Xavier said I will use it again thats the uturetense o the verb utiliser, to use. There are several wayso saying again sometimes well use the word encoreand sometimes, as in this case, well use the expression nouveau. Specically, Xavier said

Je lutiliserai nouveau.Je lutiliserai nouveau.

O course, i we were talking about reusing several items,

our object pronoun would change to les Je les utiliserai nouveau.Je les utiliserai nouveau.

Amlie, you had bought one o these potted trees, too.Your tree was doing so well that you had to cut the topof it to get it into the house ! Lets hear how you said : Wehad to cut the top of it Once again, well have devoirinthepass compos

On a d lui couper la tte.On a d lui couper la tte.

Lets practice this a little more. How about We had to cutsome branches of it.

On a d lui couper quelques branches.On a d lui couper quelques branches.

Note

jen profte pour [= I take advantage o it (in order) to ]

en is a powerul word !It is not always immediately obvious what en reersto : in the frst example on the let, it reers to the act

ostrolling around (the town / market) while, in thesecond example it reers to the act ospending a ewdays in Paris.

Note

On a d lui couper la tte [= We had to cut the head oit ]

The indirect object pronoun lui can reer to amasculine or eminine noun. In this case,its le sapin(de Nol) were reerring to.

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le / la / les

direct

object

pronoun


Dialogue







Where you see

this symbol

its your turn

to repeat what

youve heard.

Then well

repeat once

more.

And, how about the expression to get it back into thehouse ? To convey the meaning to make it come back intothe house, well have aire ollowed by the innitive rentrer

pour le aire rentrer dans la maison. pour le aire rentrer dans la maison.

Finally, Amlie, Xavier said that the end o the year was a nicetime. Everybody wants to please everybody, he said. to pleasesomeone is aire plaisir quelquun. Lets listen, specically towhat Xavier said

Tout le monde veut aire plaisir tout le monde.Tout le monde veut aire plaisir tout le monde.

Lets practice the expression aire plaisir a little more. Howabout She is always trying to please him

Elle essaie toujours de lui aire plaisir.Elle essaie toujours de lui aire plaisir.

Or, She is always trying to please them Elle essaie toujours de leur aire plaisir.Elle essaie toujours de leur aire plaisir.

Amlie, weve studied at least some o the words andexpressions to allow us talk about the estive season. Letslisten to the dialogue one nal time to consolidate everythingand, to our listeners, dont orget the accompanyingLesson Guide, available rom our website at www.learnrenchbypodcast.com. Heres that exchange one naltime

Amlie Tu as vu ? Toutes les villes sont maintenantdcores pour Nol !

Xavier Bah heureusement ! On est quand mme ndcembre !

Amlie Et les marchs de Nol sont ouverts depuis lepremier dcembre ! Jadore me promener dansles marchs de Nol ! a sent la tartiette, le vinchaud, et les pices ! Toutes ces odeurs qui merappellent les Nols de mon enance !

Xavier Oui, jaime beaucoup ner au march de Nol,les petits chalets en bois, les rubans rouges, leschocolats ! En plus, jen prote pour aire mesderniers achats. Il y a toujours plein dides cadeaux !

Note

pour le aire rentrer dans la maison.[= to get it back into the house.]

I it reerred to a eminine noun, we would say : pour la aire rentrer dans la maison.

In the case oseveral itemswe were struggling to getback into the house, our ormula would be : pour les aire rentrer dans la maison.
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Dialogue Amlie Tu as raison, il est impossible de rentrer la maisonsans avoir un ou deux sacs chaque main ! Au ait,

tu as achet un sapin de Nol ?Xavier Oui, et cette anne, jai pens lenvironnement ! Jai

achet un vrai sapin de Nol en pot, comme a, uneois les tes termines, je vais le planter dans le jardinet je lutiliserai nouveau lanne prochaine !

Amlie Moi, je ais la mme chose ! Mon sapin a trois ansmaintenant. Si bien quon a d lui couper la ttepour le aire rentrer dans la maison ! Les enantssont si heureux de le dcorer chaque anne !

Xavier Oui, cest agrable les tes de n danne ! Tout lemonde veut aire plaisir tout le monde, on soufeun peu avant la nouvelle anne, on se repose ! Ah,vivement les vacances !

Amlie, thats it or today. Until next time je te souhaite unjoyeux Nol !

Joyeux Nol la prochaine !

If you understood our lesson, then you should be able to translate

1. That reminds me o something I heard yesterday.

2. She likes strolling around town.

3. You cant walk in a town in the south o France without happening upon a game o boules.[tomber sur; partie (f); ptanque (f)]

4. The children are cold.5. Theyre wrong!

6. What do you have in your hand?

7. Jack lived in Japan or several years.

8. The sweets I ate were delicious! [bonbon (m); dlicieux]

9. Did you see the letters we received this morning? [lettre (f); recevoir]

10. We received letters this morning.

See how you have fared in the exercise above by clicking on the graphic.(Well post the answers on our website shortly after this lesson has been released.)N

owitsyourtu

rn

Vocab extra !

achat(m)...............purchase anne(f)................year bien,si~que ........such that bois(m) .................wood cadeau(m) ............git ce,cette.................this chalet(m)..............chalet, shed chaque...................each chaud.....................hot chose(f) ................thing couper ...................to cut dcor....................decorated depuis....................since dernier...................last enfance(f).............childhood pice(f) .................spice fait,au~ ...............by the way fte(f) ...................east, party,

estivity n(f) .....................end ner.....................to stroll, to

amble fois(f) ....................time, occasion heureusement .......thankully,

happily heureux .................happy ide(f)...................idea jardin(m) ..............garden main(f) .................hand

maintenant............now march(m)............market mme ....................same mme,quand~ ....ater all monde,toutle~...everybody Nol .......................Christmas nouveau,~ .........again odeur(f) ................odour,

ragrance ouvert....................open planter...................to plant plus,en~ ..............urthermore pot,en~ ...............potted pour .......................or premier..................frst prochain ................next promener,se~ ......to walk raison,avoir~ .......to be right rappeler .................to remind, to

recall rentrer,~lamaison togo

(back) home reposer,se~..........to rest rouge .....................red ruban(m) ..............ribbon sapin(m) ...............pine (tree) soue....................to breathe souhaiter ...............to wish tartiette(f) ..........tartiette termin..................fnished tte(f) ...................head tout,toute .............all utiliser ...................to use

ville(f)...................town, city vin(m)...................wine vivement,~lesvacances!

I cant wait or the holidays!

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