08.6 Abbreviations.

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Abbreviations Descriptions

1X From cdma2000 1X (IS-2000). First phase of 3G for cdma2000 networks.

1XEVFrom cdma2000 1X EV (IS-2000 B). Evolutionary phase for 3G for cdma2000 networks. Divided into two phases: 1XEV-

DO (Data Only) and 1XEV-DV (Data and Voice.)

3GAbbreviation for Third Generation - the collective name used to describe mobile systems able to support a wide range ofMobile Internet services, operating with greater bandwidth.

3GPPThe Third Party Partnership Project, set up to expedite the development of open, globally-accepted technical specifications

for UMTS.

3GPP2The Third Party Partnership Project set up to expedite the development of open, globally-accepted technical specifications

for cdma2000.

A

AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting

AAU Alarm Adapter Unit

ABR Area Border Routers

AC Alternating Current

A/D Analog to Digital Converter

ACAP Adjacent Channel Alternate Polarisation

ACCP Adjacent Channel Co-Polarisation

ACF Alarm and Control Function

ACL Access Control List

ACU Alarm Collection Unit

ADM Add/Drop Multiplexer

AFC Automatic Frequency Control

AGC Automatic Gain Control

AIS Alarm Indication Signal

ALC Automatic Level Control

ALI

ATM Line Interface. Interface between ATM and 3G systems. ATM is one of the transport network technologies being used

to connect next generation communications networks, where wire line and wireless are integrated.ALM External alarm input/output

AP Alternating Polarisation

ALS Automatic Laser Control

AM Amplitude Modulation

ANSI American National Standards Institute

APIApplication Programming Interface. An open interface that makes it easier for third party developers to create new

applications

APS Automatic Protection Switching

ARIB Association of Radio Industry Business, the standards-setting body for Japan.

ARP Address Resolution Protocol

ASF Alignment Switch Function

ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit

ASP Application Service Provider

ATDE Adaptive Time Domain Equalizer

ATMAsynchronous Transfer Mode - a type of networking that supports high bandwidth throughput and simultaneous transfer of

voice, video and data.ATPC Automatic Transmitter Power Control

ATT Attenuator

AU Administrative Unit, SDH

AU Access Unit ( NetLink )

AUC/ACAuthentication Centre - part of the Home Location Register (HLR) in 3G systems, this performs computations to verify and

authenticate the user of mobile phones.

AUG Administrative Unit Group

AUI Attachment Unit Interface

AUX Auxiliary functions


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B

Backbone Is a larger transmission line that connects smaller lines together carrying data and information.

BandwidthIs the measure of range of frequencies that a communications signal occupies. It is directly proportional to the amount of datatransmitted or received per a specific rate of time.

BER Bit Error Rate

BIP-8 Bit Interleave Parity, 8 bit

BIP-24 Bit Interleaved Parity, 24 bit

BGP Border Gateway Protocol

Broadband Is telecommunication that provides multiple channels of data over a single medium or source.

BS Base Station

BSCBase Station Controller. A key network node in 3G systems that supervises the functioning and control of multiple Base

Transceiver Stations

BTSBase Transceiver Station. The equipment housed in cabinets and co-located with antennas. Cabinets include heating and air-

conditioning units, electrical supply, telephony connection and back-up power. (Also known as Radio Base Station.)

C

C Container

CA Controlled Attenuator

CAMELCustomized Application of Mobile Enhance Logic - an ETSI standard for GSM networks that enhances the provision of IN

(Intelligent Network) services.

CAP CAMEL Application Part

CB Control Board

CCDP Co-Channel Dual Polarised

CDMA

Code Division Multiple Access. A technology for digital transmission of radio signals between, for example, a mobile

telephone and a radio base station. In CDMA, a frequency is divided using codes, rather than in time or through frequency

separation. Implemented in 800 and 1900 MHz systems around the world.

CDMA2000

CDMA2000 is a radio transmission technology and backbone technology for the evolution of CDMAOne/IS-95 to 3G. CDR

Call Data Recording - a feature in a telephone system that allows it to collect and record information on incoming and

outgoing calls.

CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunication Administrations

CIR Committed Information Rate

CIT Craft Interface Terminal (CompactLink)

C/I Carrier to Interference ratio

CLECThe Competitive Local Exchange Carrier is a company that competes with the already established local telephone business

by providing it's own network and switching.CLK Clock

CMI Coded Mark Inversion, line format

CORBACommon Object Request Broker Architecture - provides standard object-oriented interfaces between ORBs (Object Request

Broker), as well as to external applications and application platforms.

COS Class of Service

CPE Customer Premise Equipment

CPU Central Processor Unit

CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check

CS Channel Spacing

CSMA/CA

Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance is a protocol for carrier transmission in 802.11 networks. UnlikeCSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect) which deals with transmissions after a collision has occurred,

CSMA/CA acts to prevent collisions before they happen.In CSMA/CA, as soon as a node receives a packet that is to be sent,it checks to be sure the channel is clear (no other node is transmitting at the time). If the channel is clear, then the packet is

sent. If the channel is not clear, the node waits for a randomly chosen period of time, and then checks again to see if the

channel is clear.

CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection

CW Continuous Wave

D

dB

The Decibel is a unit of comparison, in which the ratio of two power values are expressed using a logarithmic scale usuallyto the base 10. Although the dB is a unit of comparison it is sometimes useful to have an agreed reference point.

A common reference is 1mW, which is expressed as 0dBm. 1 Watt equals 3 0 dBm, Consequently 2W, the typical

maximum power of a GSM handset, is rated as 33dBm

Cables and cable connectors induce signal loss, while antennas are designed to introduce signal gain. These products cite aloss or gain rating in product specs. A loss of -3 dB cuts power (mW) in half, while a gain of +3 dB doubles power.

A -10 dB loss reduces power to one tenth, while a +10 dB gain increase power ten times.


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DC Direct Current

DCC Data Communication Channel, in SDH; DCCm = D4-D12 and DCCr = D1-D3

DDOS Distributed DOS

DEMOD Demodulator

DEMUX Demultiplexer

DFE Decision Feedback Equalizer

DF-SP Dual Frequency Single Polarisation

DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DIL Dual In Line

DIP Dual In Line Package

DM Degraded Minutes

DOS Denial of Service

DRO Dielectric Resonator Oscillator

DTMF Dual Tone Multi Frequency

DXC Digital Cross Connect

DS 1 Name of a 1,5 Mb/s signal in a Sonet network

DS 3 Name of a 45 Mb/s signal in a Sonet network

E

ECC Embedded Control Channel

ECL Emitter Coupled Logic

EDGEEnhanced Data rates for Global Evolution. EDGE is a technology that gives GSM and TDMA similar capacity to handleservices for 3G. EDGE was developed to enable the transmission of large amounts of data at rates of 384kbit/s.

EEB Ethernet Extension Board

EIR

Equipment Identity Register. A database used to verify the validity of equipment being used in mobile networks. It can

provide security features such as blocking of calls from stolen mobile phones and preventing unauthorized access to the

network. Black-listed equipment prevents call completion.

EIRP

EIRP is the equivalent power of a transmitted signal in terms of an isotropic (omni directional) radiator. Normally the EIRP

equals the product of the transmitter power and the antenna gain (reduced by any coupling losses between the transmitter andantenna.)

EM Element Manager

EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility

EMF Embedded Management Functions

EOW Engineering Order Wire

EPOC

This is an operating system for mobile multimedia terminals developed by Symbian (a joint-venture between Ericsson,

Matsushita, Nokia, Motorola and Psion).EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

EQL Equalizer

ES Error Seconds

ESD Electrostatic Discharge

ESSID Extended Service Set ID

ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute - ETSI's purpose is to define standards that will enable the global market

for telecommunications to function as a single market.

EW Early Warning

E 1 Name of a 2 Mb/s signal in a SDH network according to ETSI.

E 3 Name of a 34 Mb/s signal in a SDH network according to ETSI.

F

FAT Factory Acceptance Test

FB Filter Bank

FCC The Federal Communications Commission is a government agency which regulates communications.FDD

Frequency Division Duplex

FEC Forward Error Correction

FET Field Effect Transistor

Fiber optic Is the technology associated with the transmission of information as light impulses along a glass or plastic wire or fiber.

Fiber ringIs a circular pattern of fibre optic cables typically localised to transmit data and information at very high speeds over a short

distance within a specific region.

FIR-filter Finite Impulse Response-filter

FM Frequency Modulation

FSC Frame check sum (CRC)

FTP File Transfer Protocol, used when large files (programs) is transferred.


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G

GaAs Gallium Arsenide

GFP Generic Framing Protocol

GGSNGateway GPRS Support Node. One of the two main GPRS nodes, which provides the interface between the radio network

and the IP network.

GHz Gigahertz is a unit of alternating current or electromagnetic wave frequency equal to one thousand million hertz.

GPRS

General Packet Radio Service - an enhancement for GSM and TDMA core networks that introduces packet data

transmission. GPRS uses radio spectrum very efficiently and provides users with "always on" connectivity and greater

bandwidth.

GSMGlobal System for Mobile communication - the largest digital mobile standard in use today. Implemented in 400MHz,

900MHz, 1800MHz and 1900MHz frequency bands.

GTPGPRS Tunnelling Protocol - creates a secure connection in the IP environment, by encapsulating encrypted data in an IP

packet.

H

HA Home Agent. One of three nodes in a CDMA2000 Packet Core Network (PCN.)

HBER High Bit Error RateHDB3 High Density Bipolar (max 3 0)

Hertz Is the unit of frequency such as an AC current changing state or cycle once per second.

HSB Hot Stand By

HIDS Host Intrusion Detection System

HLRHome Location Register. A permanent database used in mobile systems to identify subscribers and to contain subscriber data

related to features and services.

I

ICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

IDU Indoor Unit

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

I/O Input/Output

IETFInternet Engineering Task Force - one of two technical working bodies of the Internet Activities Board, tasked with

developing new TCP/IP standards for the Internet.

IF Intermediate Frequency

IFU InterFace Unit

IMT-2000

International Mobile Telecommunications 2000. The ITU initiative for standardising radio access to the globaltelecommunications infrastructure, through both satellite and terrestrial systems, serving fixed and mobile users in public and

private networks - in other words, 3G.

INIntelligent Network - the capability in a public telecom network that allows new services to be developed quickly and

introduced on any scale.

IOS Interoperability Standard. The standard used to define open interfaces in cdmaOne and CDMA2000 networks

IP Internet Protocol - data protocol used in the Internet.

IPSec One of the most widely used IP tunnelling security protocols.

Ipv4 Internet Protocol version four - the version of IP most commonly deployed today.

Ipv6Internet Protocol version six - which will, among other things, add significantly to the address capacity, security and real-time capability of IP.

IS-136 The standard behind TDMA networks

IS-2000 Standard for CDMA2000

IS-95 Specification used for air interface of cdmaOne networks

ISDNIntegrated Services Digital Network. A digital public telecommunications network in which multiple services (voice, data,images and video) can be provided via standard terminal interfaces.

ISP Internet Service Provider

ITSP Internet Telephony Service Provider

ITUInternational Telecommunications Union - the part of the United Nations responsible for co-ordinating global

telecommunications activities, especially in the area of standards.

ITU-R International Telecom. Union (former CCIR)

ITU-T International Telecom. Union (former CCITT)

Iu UMTS interface between the core network and the RAN (radio access network).

IWF Interworking Function for CDMA data using Simple IP.

L


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LAN Local Area Network

LBER Low Bit Error Rate

LBO Line Build Out (CompactLink)

LCAS Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme

LCD Liquid Crystal Display

LCT Local Craft Terminal

LD Level Detector

LECThe Local Exchange Carrier is a term used to describe the public telephone company in the US providing local telephony

services.

LED Light Emitting Diode

LFE Linear Forward Equalizer

LIF Line Interface

LIU Line Interface Unit

LLF Link Loss Failure

LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution Service uses microwave signals to transmit and receive data.

LMS Least Mean Square

LNA Low Noise Amplifier

LO Local Oscillator

LOF Loss Of Frame

LOH Line OverHead (LOH is a SONET term with same meaning as MSOH in SDH networks)

LOPT Low Order Path TerminationLOS Loss Of Signal

LPF Low Pass Filter

LR Line Receive

LT Line Transmit

M

MAC Media Access Control

MAPMobile Application Part. Part of the SS7 protocol used in GSM. MAP standards address registration of roamers and

intersystem hand-off procedures.

Mbps Millions of bits per second are a unit of measurement for the transmission of data to determine the amount of bandwidth.

MC Micro Controller

MCF Message Communication Function

MGC Manual Gain Control

MGwMedia Gateway - a network node that enables a variety of circuit-switched services to interoperate with packet-based IP

networks.

MHz Megahertz is a unit of alternating current or electromagnetic wave frequency equal to one million cycles per second.

MIB Management Information Base

Microwave Is electromagnetic energy having a frequency higher than one Ghz corresponding to wavelengths shorter than 30 centimetres.

MIL-STD Military Standard

MIR Maximum Information Rate

MLA Microwave Link Analyzer

MLE Maximum Level Error

MLM Multi-Longitudinal Mode

MMF Multi-Mode Fibre

MMIC Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit

MOD Modulator

MPLS Multi Protocol Label Switching. An evolving standard for speeding up IP-based data communications over ATM networks.

MS Multiplex Section

MSCMobile Switching Centre - a switch providing services and co-ordination between mobile users in a mobile network and

external networks.

MSOH Multiplex Section Overhead

MSP Multiplex Section ProtectionMST Multiplex Section Termination

MTBF Mean Time Between Failures

MUX Multiplexer

N

N/C Normally Closed

NE Network Element

NEW-NMSNera Element vieW-Network Management System. A NERA proprietary radio-element and subnetwork management PC-

program

NI Network Interface


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NIDS Network Intrusion Detection System

NMS Network Management System

NNI Network Node Interface

N/O Normally open

NRZ Non Return to Zero

O

1 RU 1 Rack Unit (= 44mm)

OC-3 Optical Carrier level 3 = 155Mbit/s (OC-1 level 1 = 51.84 Mbit/s)ODU Outdoor Unit

OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division MultiplexingO&M Operations & Maintenance. Support for the day to day running of a network.

OOF Out Of Frame

OR Optical Regenerator

OSA Open System Architecture - enables seamless transfer of information between different systems.

OSC Oscillator

OSPF Open Shortest Path First

OSS Operations Support System. Methods & procedures that directly support the daily operation of telecoms network.

OT Optical Terminal

P

PABX Private Automatic Branch eXchange

PAL Programmable Array Logic

PBN Packet backbone network - the physical network carrying packet data (IP) traffic.

PBR Pressurizable type B, flange profile square

PCM Pulse Code Modulation

PCN Packet Core Network. Packet data network for CDMA2000.

PCS Personal Communications Services - the collective term for US mobile telephone services in the 1900MHz frequency band.

PDC Personal Digital Cellular - a Japanese standard for digital mobile telephony in the 800MHz and 1500MHz bands.

PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

PDP Packet Data Protocol - network protocol for handling transfer of packet data.

PDR Pressurizable type D,flange profile rectangular

PDSN Packet Data Serving Node. One of three nodes in a CDMA2000 PCN.

PFI Payload FCS indicator

PING Packet Internet GrouperPLL Phase Locked Loop

PLMN Public Land Mobile Network. A mobile network established to provide services.

PLO Phase Locked Oscillator

POH Path Overhead

POP Post Office Protocol is an access point to the internet.

PPP Point to Point Protocol

POTS Plain Old Telephone Service

PRBC Primary Reference Clock

PRBS Pseudo Random Bit Sequence

PROM Programmable Read Only Memory

PROT. CH. Protection Channel

PSCU Protection Switching Control Unit

PSK Phase Shift Keying

PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network

PUI Peripheral Unit Interface

PVLAN Private VLAN

PXC PDH-X-Connect

PWM Pulse Width Modulation

PWR Power Supply

Q

QAM Quadrate Amplitude Modulation

QoSQuality of Service. A generic term that in IP networking refers to different levels of prioritisation of data packets over a

network.

QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

Qx Qx interface (TMN interface)


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R

RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial In User Service - used in mobile networks to authenticate authorised users.

RAM Read Access Memory

RANRadio Access Network. The portion of a mobile network that handles subscriber access, including radio base stations and

concentration nodes.

RCL Receiver Carrier Level

RCVR Receiver

RDDU Receiver Data Distribution Unit

REG CH Regular Channel

RF Radio Frequency

RFID Radio Frequency IDentification

RIP Routing Information Protocol

RIU Radio Interface Unit

RMA Return Material Authorization

RMON Remote Authentication Dial In User Service

RMV / RST Remove / Reset (labelled in front of boards to InterLink)

RNC Radio Network Controller - manages the radio part of the network in UMTS.

ROHS Restriction on Hazardous Substances

RPS Radio Protection SwitchingRT Radio Receive

RRR Radio-Relay Regenerator

RRT Radio-Relay Terminal

RS Regenerator Section

RSL Receiver input Signal Level

RSOH Regenerator Section Overhead

RST Regenerator Section Termination

RT Radio Transmit

RTT Radio Transmission Technology

RU Relay Unit

Rx Receiver

S

SAW-filter Surface Acoustic Wave

SCADA Supervision,Control And Data AquisitionSDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SEC Synchronisation Equipment Clock

SES Severely Errored Seconds

SETS Synchronous Equipment Timing Source

SERV Service function (plug-in unit)

SF-DP Single Frequency - Dual Polarisation

SGSNServing GPRS Support Node. The SGSN handles the data traffic of users in a geographical service area and is one of the two

types of node implemented in a GPRS environment.

SIC Serial Interface Controller

SLA Service Level Agreement

SMF Single Mode Fibre

SMS Short Message Service -- mobile-to-mobile text messaging in GSM

SMS-C Short Message Service Centre. Handles management of incoming and outgoing SMS.

SNCP Sub Network Connection Protection

SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol

SOH Section Overhead

SONET Synchronous Optical NETwork(U.S. version of SDH)SORP SDH Overhead & Radio Processor

SPAN Switched Port Analyzer

Spectrum Is the amount or capacity of electromagnetic wavelengths that can be used at a given time.

SPE Synchronous Payload Envelope (An STS frame consist of Transport OverHead and the SPE)

SSB Single Sideband

SSM Synchronisation Status Message (S1 byte)

SSS SDH Supervisory System

SSU Synchronisation Supply Unit

STM-0 A subset of STM-1 (generally 51.84 Mb/s but may also be 55.296 Mb/s)

STM-1 Synchronous Transport Module (1 means 1x 155Mb/s)

SU Subscriber Unit ( NetLink )


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SU Supervisory Unit

SVCE SerVice Channel (used to define the voice channel circuit board)

T

TACACS Terminal Access Controller Access Control System

TBD To Be Decided

TCM Trellis Coded Modulation

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. Usually abbreviated to IP, the 'language' used by the Internet.

TDM1 Tributary Data Mapper 1

TDMA

Time Division Multiple Access - a digital radio technique that divides radio spectrum between users using "timeslots", ratherthan (only) frequency separation or codes, used in GSM and TDMA (IS-136) mobile networks. TDMA is also the term used

to describe the digital enhancement of the AMPS analog standard, formerly known as D-AMPS (Digital Advanced Multiple

Access).

TelephonyIs the service associated with the transmission of data and information over distances between parties using systems

historically associated with the telephone company.

Telnet Telecommunications network

TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol

TIA Telecommunications Industry Association - a US telecoms standards body.

TMForum The Telecommunicaitons Management Forum - an industry body working to encourage and develop global standards fortelecoms management systems.

TMN Telecommunication Management Network

TRIB1 TRibutary Interface Block 1

TTL Transistor-Transistor Logic

TU Tributary Unit

TUG Tributary Unit Group

Tx Transmitter

T 1 Name of a 1,5 Mb/s signal in a Sonet network

T 3 Name of a 45 Mb/s signal in a Sonet network

U

UAT Unavailable Time

UBR Unpressurizable type B,flange profile square

UDP User Datagram Protocol

UMTS

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - a 3G standard, being developed under the auspices of ETSI, and intended

mainly for the evolution of GSM networks.

USB Universal Serial Bus

USC User Service Centre.

UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair

UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network - the name of the WCDMA radio network in UMTS.

V

VC Virtual Container

VCCAT Virtual concatenation

VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator

VCXO Voltage Controlled X-tal Oscillator

VHE

Virtual Home Environment. Home Environment (HE) is a term used to describe the service provider (operator or ISP).Virtual Home Environment is a concept for personalised service portability across network boundaries and between

terminals. Users are consistently presented with the same personalised features, user interface and services in any network

and on any terminal (within the capabilities of the terminal), wherever the user may be located.

VLSI Very Large Scale IntegrationVoIP Voice over Internet Protocol. A technology for transmitting voice calls over IP-based networks. Also called IP telephony.

VPNVirtual Private Network - a "private" communications network that uses public network resources, for example tointerconnect PBXs and LANs.

VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio

W

WAN Wide Area Network

WAPWireless Application Protocol - a protocol that enables Internet services to be delivered to small-screen mobile devices. WAP

is the first step towards true Mobile Internet, and was initiated by Ericsson.

WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access - the radio interface technology that will be used in most 3G systems around the


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world. WCDMA is optimised to support multiple high-speed mobile multimedia services such as full-motion video, Internet

access and videoconferencing.

WEEE Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment

WEP

Wired Equivalent Privacy is a security protocol that is designed to provide a wireless local area network (WLAN) with a

level of security and privacy comparable to what is usually expected of a wired LAN.

WINWireless Intelligent Networking. A TIA standard for ANSI-41 networks that enhances the provision of IN (Intelligent

Network) services.

Wireless Is communications in which electromagnetic waves carry a signal through atmospheric space rather than along a wire.

WLL Wireless Local Loop

X

XCVR Transmitter/Receiver

XIF XPIC Improvement Factor

XMTR Transmitter

XPIC Cross Polar Interference Canceller

XSU XMTR Switch Unit

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