08 Signaling in AXE

Rev A 2003-12-18 1

Chapter 8Signaling in AXE

AXE Hardware Maintenance, LZU 108 6131

Rev A 2003-12-18 2

Objectives

After this chapter you will be able to:– Distinguish between access and interexchange signaling– Describe the characteristics of subscriber line signaling– Mention the differences between CAS and CCS– Describe channel associated signaling in a signaling diagram– Describe common channel signaling in a signaling diagram– Describe the structure of CCS– Be able to configure the SS7 signaling in AXE

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Introduction

Signaling systems and implementation

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Main purpose of signaling

• set-up, supervise and release telecommunication connections and services

• query data bases e.g. specific services, roaming in cellular networks, etc.

• support network management procedures

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Signaling in a telecom network

Access signaling Trunk signaling

Signaling

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Signaling Systems

System No. 7

Access signaling(Subscriber-Exchange)

Trunk signaling(Between exchanges)

ChannelAssociatedSignaling(CAS)

System No. 6

CommonChannelSignaling(CCS)

System R1

System No. 5

System R2

Subscriber LineSignaling• Decadic• DTMF• AC/DC/Tones

Digital SubscriberSignaling System No. 1 (DSS1)

Signaling methods

Signaling systems

Signaling type

PSTN

ISDN

PLMNPSTNPSTN

ISDN

PLMN

Digital Analogue

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Access Signaling

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Access Signaling Concepts

• Analogue - PSTN• Digital - ISDN• RSS - Remote Subscriber Switch• ENGINE Access Ramp

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Subscriber line signaling in PSTN

A

B

A

On hook

Call communication: Speech/Data/Fax

On hook

Off hook/Seizure

Off hook/B-answer

Dial tone

Ringing tone

Alternatives:Busy tone

Congestion tone

Ringing signal

B-number

B

B

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D-channel signaling for a call in ISDNA B


SS7-signalingD-channelsignaling

D-channelsignaling

Setup

Disconnect

Setup

Disconnect

Call proceeding

Trunk network

Connect

Release

Connect

Connectacknowledgement

Releasecompletion

Connectacknowledgement

AlertAlert

Release

Releasecompletion

ISDNISDN

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Channel Associated Signaling

CAS

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Channel Associated Signaling Concepts

• Line signaling• Register signaling• R2 MFC Multifrequency Compelled


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Example of Channel Associated Signaling ChannelAssociatedSignaling(CAS)

A

B

B

A

On hook


On hook

Off hook

Access signaling Inter-exchange signaling Access signaling

Seizure

Clear forward

Line signal

Line signal

B-number Register signal

Register signal

Line signal

Line signal

Line signal

B-number

Off hook

Dial tone

B-status

B-answer

Clear backward

Release guard

Ringing tone Ringing signal

B-number

B

A

B

B

A

On hook


On hook

Off hook

Access signaling Inter-exchange signaling Access signaling

Seizure

Clear forward

Line signal

Line signal

B-number Register signal

Register signal

Line signal

Line signal

Line signal

B-number

Off hook

Dial tone

B-status

B-answer

Clear backward

Release guard


B-number

B

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Channel associated signaling E1 frame

Register signalsin traffic channels

Frame alignment Line signals

0 1 15 16 17 31

Register signalsin traffic channels


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The multiframe structureChannelAssociatedSignaling(CAS)

Channel: 0 16

0000

TS1 TS17

TS3 TS18

TS15 TS31

Frame 0

Frame 1

Frame 2

Frame 15

MULTIFRAME

125 µs

31

8 bits

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Hardware for the MFC signaling link

CSR

ETC

GSCSR

ETC

GS

MFC signaling link


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Common Channel Signaling

CCS

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Differentiation of Speech and Signaling

Signaling

SpeechSpeech

Signaling


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SS7 main features

• Speed• High capacity• Better economy• Reliability• Flexibility


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Common ChannelSignaling System No. 7

Example of Users of SS7 signaling

PLMNMAP

PSTNTUP

ISDNISUP

ININAP

MAP Mobile telephony Application PartINAP Intelligent Network Application PartTUP: Telephony User PartISUP ISDN User Part


Rev A 2003-12-18 21

Concepts in CCS

• SS7, SS7, No.7, #7• SS7 often used for national networks• C6 often used for international networks• Signaling link• Signaling link set• Signaling point• Signaling transfer point• Network indicator• Originating/Destination point code


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Structure of SS7

Message Transfer PartMTP

User PartUP


OSI Level 1-3Implemented in CCS Responsibility:Routes the information in the network Provides error control between adjacent nodes Connects the entity to the transmission media

OSI Level 4Implemented in TSS Responsibility:Provides end to end communication control

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Analogy of the Mailing organizationCommonChannelSignaling(CCS)

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Message transfer part hardware

ST

ETC

GSST

ETC

GS

SS7 signaling link

Packet

MTP software


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SS7 Functional LevelsCommonChannelSignaling(CCS)

Signaling Link FunctionsSignaling NetworkFunctions

Message Transfer Part

ISUP

TUP

xUP

Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1

Signaling Network

Management

Signaling MessageHandling

Signaling Link

Functions

Signaling DataLink

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C7DR2 functionalitiesCommonChannelSignaling(CCS)

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Other important SS7 blocks

• C7ST, signalling terminal• C7DP2, destination point management • C7LS2, link set management• C7SL2, signalling link management


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Main terms used in SS7

SPSPSPSP

LSLSSL

LS, SL

SP Signaling PointSTP Signaling Transfer PointOWNSP Own Signaling Point value

SignalingSpeech


STPSTP

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Signaling points

SP=2SP=2--100100

SP=2SP=2--110110

SP=2SP=2--120120


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Signaling point codes in a network

STP=2STP=2--1010

SP=2SP=2--100100

SP=2SP=2--110110

SP=2SP=2--120120

STP=2STP=2--2020

Network indicator

Signaling point code


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Signaling links and link sets

STP=2STP=2--1010

SP=2SP=2--100100

SP=2SP=2--110110

SP=2SP=2--120120

STP=2STP=2--2020

Link Set(LS)

SignalingLink (SL)


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Hardware for SS7 signaling link

ST

ETC

GSST

ETC

GS

SS7 signaling link

Packet

Semipermanent link


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Originating destination point codes

signaling link

Speech channel

AB

OPC CIC DPC

STP

SP SP


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Signaling route

AB

OPC DPC

Signaling route

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An Example of ISUP SignalingCommonChannelSignaling(CCS)

A

B

B

BA

On hook


On hook

Off hook

signaling point signaling point

Off hook

Dial tone

IAM

SAMACM

ANC

CLF

RLG


B-numberdigit 1digit 2

digit 4digit 3

digit 5

A

B

B

BA

On hook


On hook

Off hook

signaling point signaling point

Off hook

Dial tone

IAM

SAMACM

ANM

REL

RLC


B-numberdigit 1digit 2

digit 4digit 3

digit 5

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CCITT7, Signalling Point, Define

• C7OPI:OWNSP=ownsp;

• C7PNC:OWNSP=ownsp,SPID=spid;

• C7SPI:SP=sp;

• C7PNC:SP=sp,SPID=spid;

• C7SPP:SP=ALL;

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Printout of defined SPs

<c7spp:sp=all;CCITT7 SIGNALLING POINT DATA

SP SPID2-50 OWNSP TOWN12-10 TOWN22-11 TOWN32-51 TOWN4

END

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CCITT7 Multiple Point Code, Routing, Change

• C7LDI:LS=ls;• C7SUC:LS=ls,LVA=lva,ACL=acl,DMI=dmi;• C7LDP:LS=all;

• C7RSI:DEST=dest,PRIO=prio,LS=ls;• C7RUC:DEST=dest,ACL=acl,DMI=dmi;• C7RSP:DEST=all;

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Printout of link set data

<c7ldp:ls=2-10;CCITT7 LINK SET DATA

LS SPID ASP SPID2-10

SLC ACL PARMG ST SDL SLI0 A2 0 C7ST24-0

END

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Printout of routing data

<c7rsp:dest=all;CCITT7 MTP ROUTING DATA

DEST SPID DST PRIO LSHB LS SPID RST2-10 INA 1 2-10 UN/TA

2-11 INA 1 2-11 UN/TA

2-51 CCF1 ACC 1 2-51 CCF1 WO

END

Rev A 2003-12-18 41

Semipermanent connection, reserve/activate

• BLODI:DEV=C7ST24-0;BLODI:DEV=UPDN3-16;

• EXSPI:NAME=name;

• EXSSI:DEV1=C7ST24-0;EXSSI:DEV2=UPDN3-16;

• EXSPE;

• EXSCI:NAME=name,DEV=UPDN3-24;

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Printout of semipermanent connection data<exscp:name=loop-1;

SEMIPERMANENT CONNECTION DATA

NAME CSTATE DISTC MISC NUMCHLOOP-1 ACT 12 1

SIDE1 SSTATE ATT ES MISCSDEV=UPDN3-16 ACT

SIDE2 SSTATE ATT ES MISCSDEV=C7ST24-0 ACT

END

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CCITT7 Signalling Terminal, DefineCCITT7 Signalling Link, Define

• C7STI:ST=st,ITYPE=itype;

• C7SLI:LS=ls,SLC=slc,ST=st;

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CCITT7 Message Routing, Activate

• C7LAI:LS=ls,SLC=slc;

• C7SUI:LS=ls;

• C7RAI:DEST=dest;

• C7RUI:DEST=dest;

Rev A 2003-12-18 45

Link set state printout

<c7ltp:ls=2-10;

CCITT7 LINK SET STATE

LS SPID SLC STATE INHIBST FCODE INFO2-10 LPNATA 01 ACTIVE

END

08 Signaling in AXE

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