An IoT-basedsystem for water resources monitoring and management

Mo Xiaocong1 Qiu Xin Jiao2 Shen Shaohong1 1 Changjiang river scientific research institute

2 Center of Construction Management & Quality & Safety Supervision, MWR, P.R.C Wuhan Hubei, China

BeijingChina e-mail: 395770398@qq.com, 568384862@qq.com 420526299@qq.com

Abstract water resource information on-line monitoring is basic and important towater resource management. In this paper, an integrated system based on internet of things (IoT) for water resources monitoring and management is proposed. The system consists of three key layers: equipment perception layer, information transmission layer and data application layer. In equipment perception layer, Sensor networkfor monitoring water information is constructed. In information transmission layer, real-time information transmission is achieved. In data application layer, water information are stored, managed, applied and shared on internet by users.Application shows that our system can provide real timeand reliable water resource information for water resource management.

Keywords- IoT; water resources informaiton; online monitoring; WebGIS

I. INTRODUCTION Nowadays, the technologies of Internet of Things (IoT)are developing very fast and are deemed as one of the future leading technologies [1]. More and more smart sensor technologies and systems are being developed for city safety monitoring and emergency management purpose [2]. Toms Robles has announced several smart water solutions related to the smart water management strategy [3]. Yongzhi LIU presented a Pipe TECH smart wireless sensor system for online monitoring the water pipe lines and detection of ruptures[4]. The off-line type technology is used widely to perform periodic inspection of life line infrastructures in order to detect and locate any possible problem. Sometime people have to carry some equipment for measurement or detect problems through visual inspection. Like the SCADA(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) system, it is for public safety purpose will support real-time monitoring and response to disaster event. With the support of sensor networks, ubiquitous computing and intelligent computing, the comprehensive surveillance of those lifeline systemsoperation status is becoming a reality, or at least predictablefuture. In the year of 2012, the government of Beijing citystarted a big city level IoT monitoring project which covers more than ten emergency management areas with themonitoring of urban lifeline systems as part of it. This paper mainly focuses onthe general architecture ofwater resources monitoring and management systems,

identifies the key parameters used in the water supply system and proposes the safety analysis methodologies used for monitoring operation and emergency response. The real-time monitoring of water resources information will benefit the water resources management department and the public. The primary concept of IoT-based real-time water resources information system is to provide accurate and comprehensive information. The system are developed thought a three-step operation. First, some explicitwater resource parameters are defined.Water quality parameter is defined forwater environment. Water level and flow parameter is defined for water quantity management. Second, awireless sensor network forwater resources information monitoring is constructedbased IoT. Several reliable water resource measuring instruments areinstalled to get and transfer water resources parameters. Finally, thesystem is developed for water resources data management and interactive applicationbased onWebGIS technology.

II. FRAMEWORK OF THE IOT-BASED WATER RESOURCES INFORMATION MONITORING SYSTEM

Water level, water flow, water quality

Water information perception layer

Network layer GPRS, Wide area network(WAN)

Operating system, database software,Programming language,

webGIS softwaterMiddleware layer

Devices, sensor, physical world

Transport networks

Access networks

Application layer

Data acquisition, data storage

Data observation

Data application

Monitoring, management, services platforms/sublayers

models, platforms, services,

appicatoins

Figure.1 Framework of the proposed system for water resources

monitoring and management based on IoT

A. Perception Layer The perception layer is mainly used for collecting data andother information of detailed factors of physical world (targets or tasks) for water resources information monitoring and management, including real-time datasets, models/methods, knowledge, andothers. The real-time data

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2015 7th International Conference on Intelligent Human-Machine Systems and Cybernetics

978-1-4799-8646-0/15 $31.00 2015 IEEEDOI 10.1109/IHMSC.2015.150

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collection based on IoT is related to multi-sensors, including RS platforms (i.e., satellites, balloons,aircrafts, and radar), situ instruments (i.e., situ observationinstruments for hydrological and ecological factors), mobile (i.e., 2G, 3G, and LTE), IEEE 802.X (i.e.,WiFi, Bluetooth, and ZigBee), RFID, and other sensors. Theperception layer connects masses of sensors and devices; the perception layer relies strongly on the rapid development of sensor technologies in IoT. In this system, perception layer is constructed using hydrological measuring equipments, including watermeter, flowmeter, water level gauge,hydrological monitoring station, and water quality monitoring station.

TABLE I. THE PARAMETERS OF THE EQUIPMENT OF SENSOR NETWORK

Name Monitoring parameters frequency Water quality

monitoring instrument Dissolved oxygen

5 second

pH Electrical conductivity

Water temperature Chlorophyll

Flowmeter flow 1 hour Water level gauge velocity of flow 1 hour

water level GPS The plane coordinates 5 second

Altitude

Figure.2 framework of wireless sensor network

According to sensor network framework, data is collected by various sensors. The collected data is then transferred to a server by GPRS-DTU using GPRS communication network and stored on remote terminal unit(RTU).The data is transferred to. RTU has the characteristics of data store, programmability and data error analysis. Therefore, data transmission is interrupted and data can be obtained by reading RTU.

B. Network Layer The network layer performs basic functions of data andinformation transmission as well as the interconnection of systems and platforms. The network layer consists of access networks and transport networks. Access networks areshort-range wireless networks, which consist of Sensors Area Network (SAN).2G, 3G, WiFi, and ZigBee are common componentsto support the connection of things (i.e., sensors, devices, and users) in water resources monitoring and management.

In the sensor network part, we utilizewireless sensor networks (WSN) as infrastructures to collectvarious water resources information data. Recently, many context-aware systemsthat use embedded sensors have been developed. In addition,many studies use WSNs, which consist of small computers equipped with sensors (so called sensor nodes), to determine the states of the real world more precisely. In water resources networks,various water resources measuring instrument is defined as wireless sensor network node. The remote data transmission network is GPRS.

C. Middleware Layer The middleware layer is a set of sub-layers for the management of data, software/tools, models and platforms, and interposed between the network layer and the application layer. Real-time operational database (RODB) is used for efficiently managing massive data generated by sensors and devices, and it is also used for storing and managing of models, knowledge ,and other information. Extractiontransformationloading(ETL) is used to extract, transform, and load the demand information from the RODB in the IIS. Once the desired information is extracted and transformed into the required format, on-line analytical processing (OLAP) is realized through relational OLAP (ROLAP) and execute operations including slicing, dicing, roll up, drill-down, and pivoting. The NAPS is used to bridge different platforms in IoT sensory environments. Application gateway (AG), application software for different platforms and tasks (APPs), and IoT application infrastructure(IoT-AI) are introduced in the middleware layer for services and applications. Furthermore, GIS is used for temporal analysis of datasets. e-Science platforms consisting of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Data as a Service (DaaS), Platform as a Service(PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS), are used for computing and analysis in the IIS. The middleware architectures proposed in the IIS based on IoToften follow the service-oriented architecture (SOA) approach, which decompose complex systems into simpler and well-defined applications and components, with common interfaces and standard protocols. Interactions between components, interfaces, applications, and protocols are implemented by representational state transfer (RESTful) APIs or Java database connectivity (JDBC) APIs.

D. Application Layer The application layer of the water resources monitoring system based on IoT consists of application support platforms and WebGIS-based data application. The application layer provides the functions of storing, organizing, processing, and sharing the environment data and other information obtained from sensors, devices, and Web services, as well as the functions of taking professional applications in water resources monitoring and management, such as hydrological management, water pollution monitoring (i.e., water quality, etc.), ecological

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monitoring, disaster monitoring and prediction, weather observation and forecasting.

The application layer is the top level and represents the finaltask of IIS for environment decision management and planningservice. As the monitoring task is becoming more and morecomplex and , more data coming from sensors,devices, Web services requiremore computationalability for processingthan before.The efficienttechnologiesand models for processing the data are also required. Cloudcomputing new technology for data processing and computation in the IIS, and can integrate extensibledata processing, information storage, and other distributedresources to make them work together.

III. DATA APPLICATION SYSTEM WEBGIS-BASED Oracle database is used for data organization, storage

and management. There are on-time monitoring water information data, basic data, water resources spatial thematic data, basic geographic data, user management data and other types of auxiliary data.

In application layer, network service for data application is constructed. Users can get water resource information service by browser. ArcGIS Server is used to manage network service. In geographical network information system, the characteristics include multi-user online access is permitted, monitoring data expression is in real geographic space, and multiple data is seamless integrated. In software visualization interface, Interactive map, attribute information query and statistics function are developed for users. Network interactive map function is shown in Fig.3.

Figure.3 Network interactive map of monitoring data

Statistics is the main function of the system, the dynamic monitoring data can be displayed in charts.

The object of statistical statement is the intake dynamic monitoring data. Dynamic monitoring can be divided into conventional traffic monitoring and real-time traffic monitoring .

Dynamic monitoring can be divided into conventional traffic monitoring and real-time traffic monitoring .

Daily routine monitoring is to receive water monitoring points, collect water quantity information, and store them into the database, query and analysis the data. A diagram for statistical reporting subsystem is shown in Fig.4.

In data application system, water quantity and quality can be applied by user using browser. The data expression of network interactive map is shown in Fig.5 and Fig.6. On-line water quality monitoring data is shown in Table2.

Figure.4 Statistical report of water consumption

Figure.5 Hydrological information on-line monitoring

Figure.6 Water quality monitoring

TABLE II. TYPICAL WATER QUALITY ONLINE MONITORING DATA

'DWH7LPH 7HPS S+ 6S&RQG /'2 &KORURSK\OO

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IV. CONCLUSION Water resources information based remote real-time

monitoring is a routine work to carry out fine water resources management, and is typically used to assessing the three red lines which are put forward by Chinese government to strengthen the management of water resources. In this paper, according to the requirements, an automatic water information monitoring system based IoT is constructed using techniques of sensor network, wireless communication network, Internet, database and WebGIS. And in this system, water resource information acquisition, transmission and remote monitoring data receiving and application are integrated through software and hardware.

In the perception layer, a water information sensor network consists of water quality and water volume detection instruments. Typical flow meter, water quality detecting instrument, water level gauge is selected to get water resource information. Communication protocols of instruments are is interpreted by programming. In addition, a programmable RTU is produced by researchers to obtain and transfer automatically the water parameters, such as water level, flow, and water quality.

In the application layer, receiving, monitoring data storage, management and application functions are integrated. Spatial database and WebGIS technology are introduced to the data expression, GIS powerful visualization, interactive applications, the realization of water resources monitoring data and related data management in the network environment of the geographical space expression and interactive use.

Water resources information can also be applied by administrative department and the public using internet-based data application system. Experiment and actual application results show that information technology

is a key component and it is critical in modern water resources management.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work is supported by Changjiang river scientific research institute fund programCKSF2015019/KJ, the national science and technology support program(2013BAB05B01), Governmental public industry research special funds Dam Management and Emergency Response System Software Development(201201051).

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[2] Chen Tao, Xu Ling, Su Guofeng, Yuan Hongyong, Huang Quanyi,Architecture for Monitoring Urban Infrastructure and Analysis Method for aSmart-safe City. 2014 Sixth International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation.pp:151-154

[3] Toms Robles, Ramn Alcarria, Diego Martn. An Internet of Things-based model for smart water management. 2014 28th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops.pp:821-826

[4] Yongzhi LIU, Wenting ZHANG, Xinmin CUI, Guodong ZHANG ,Gaoxu WANG, City Pipe Network Intelligent Service Based on GIS and Internet of Things. 2014 7th International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation.pp:936-939.

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[6] Ke Wang, Wenxue Ran, Gang Wu.Application of Pan in content networkingtechnologies on Ecological Real-time Monitoring ofPlateau Lakes. 2011 4th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing.pp:2467-2472

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