07-M LKm .3 nS-Q$ - Carleton Universitydaniel/teaching/114W01/... · 2001. 2. 25. · X Y7Z [\]^ _...

34

Transcript of 07-M LKm .3 nS-Q$ - Carleton Universitydaniel/teaching/114W01/... · 2001. 2. 25. · X Y7Z [\]^ _...

  • � ��� � � � � � �� � �� �� �� � ������� � � � � � � � � ����� "! # %$ $&�' )(�+* ,.- ( /�10* �2�34 %56�.,738- :9 # %$ $;

  • X Y7Z [ \ ]^� � _ * � # E `a b cd e fgh Bji - k>�1*6i

    ��l2��� -@ )07-M�LKm�.3�nS-Q$ �>�o- p H E e ��S(pMq E c B �.�S( rs* �t�u-Q$�v'* �S( �u- `a d eegh �.�S( `a d c e

    gh B�o-Q$�v.-jr;�O :K?-M3zy{C_

  • X Y7Z [ \ ]^� � y n6$;

  • E `a d e d ce egh `a e ff e6

    gh `a e cd e d egh

    E `a d e d bce e6gh `a e cd e d e

    ghE `a b e b fd e6 d e�

    gh

  • X Y7Z [ \ ]^� � -;� # E `a e d e ff d cf f d cgh

    _

  • `a f d e ff f cf f d bgh `a f d e ff f ef f f

    gh V

    # d E f T U E `a H q g h E `a Hff

    g h

    E H `a effg h H   ¡ V

    )0-M�6$�v2�?rj- 9I* � p H E e %$ ¢ H E v@�� £¤¤¥ ¤¤¦`a eff

    g h@§ ¤¤¨¤¤©C

    )0-M�LK?-jr;�+* �x$ rs* ��o-Q$�v* �S(

  • E `a e d e ff d cf f d c g h

    E `a d e ff f cf f cg h `a e d e?ª� ff f ef f f

    g h V

    # « E f T U E `a H q g h E `a e?ª� « q qf

    g h

    E e6ª� « q `a e fg h E ¬ `a e f

    g h ¬   ¡ V

    )0-M�6$�v2�?rj- 9I* � pMq E d %$ ¢ q E v2�� £¤¤¥ ¤¤¦`a e f

    gh § ¤¤¨¤¤©C

  • )0-M�LK?-jr;�+* �x$ rs* ��o-Q$�v* �S(

  • )0-M�6$�v2�?rj- 9I* � pM E d c %$ ¢ E v2�� £¤¤¥ ¤¤¦`a ebb

    g h@§ ¤¤¨¤¤©C

    lS-M� BA E `a e f ff d ff f d c

    g h �.�S( F E `a e e ef bf f bg h

    # E F A F G HE `a e e ef bf f b

    g h `a e f ff d ff f d cg h `a e d e6ª� d c ª>e6f e6ª� d e?ª�f f e?ª b

    g h V® � [ Z ¯±° � - rMlS-jrk i lS-;��lS-M�# F E F A

  • ² �� ¯t� [ ³µ´ ¯���¶� ¯��� � ·¸� ¯ � ��Z ¹ � � Z ]»º��¼mZ�{��� � ½S� -;� # ,- �.� � � � � �s���R "!$�nSrMl ��l2��� # l2�w$ � ( %$±�O

  • Z ¯� �D� ¹ � l. %$ ��lS-s* �u-M� 0 :K?-Q$ � $�nL9ÆPÇ r@ )-M�j� rs* �S( z�O * � 9I* � � � �s���R "! �+* ,-( /�?0* �@�34 %56�,38-7CÈÉ� %$ �1*� �S-jrj-Q$$&�>�xy 9I* � �� � � � � �s���R "!�+* l2�jK?- � ( %$±�O

  • )0-M�LK?-jr;�+* �x$ 9I* � p H E # d E fT U `a d c d c fd c d c ff f f

    g h `a H q g h E `a fff

    g h

    T U `a e e ff f ff f fg h `a H q

    g h E `a fffg h V l7nL$LB

    `a H q gh E `a d q q

    gh E q `a d eefgh `a ff e

    gh * B 9Í* � p H E B i - l2�wK?- �i *34 �t3zy

  • )0-M�LK?-jr;�+* �x$ 9I* � p q E e# d e E fT U `a c d c fd c c ff f

    gh `a H q gh E `a fff

    gh

    T U `a e d e ff f ef f fg h `a H q

    g h E `a fffg h V ln6$LB

    `a H q gh E `a q qf

    gh E ¬ `a eefgh ¬   ¡ V

    * B �� -@ )07-M�LK?-jr;�+* � 9Í* � p q E e %$

  • Á2 E `a eefgh C ln6$LB

    F E `a d e f ee f ef e fg h �.�S( A E `a f ff ff f e

    g h# E F A F G H V

    lS- -@ )0-M�6$�v2�?rj- 9I* � p H E %$¢ H E v2�.� £¤¤¥ ¤¤¦

    `a d eefg h `a ff e

    g h@§ ¤¤¨¤¤©C

    lS- -@ )0-M�6$�v2�?rj- 9I* � p q E e %$¢ q E v2�.� £¤¤¥ ¤¤¦

    `a eefg h § ¤¤¨¤¤©

    C

  • Î *�- ��l2���¢ H Ï ¢ q E v2�� £¤¤¥ ¤¤¦

    `a d eefg h `a ff e

    g h `a ff eg h § ¤¤¨¤¤©9I* �� � ,2�w$; %$ 9I* � ¡ C

    � 3Ð$J* �1*�- ��l2��� 9I* � ��lS- � �s���R )rj-Q$F ÑME `a d e e fe e ff f e

    g h ��1( A ÑME `a f ff e ff f g h

    # E F Ñ A Ñ F Ñ G H V

  • Ò ¯� ÓM� Ô ~ ¯t� �� Ô ��Z ¹ � � Z ]Ã��¼>� Z � � � �[ Z�Q¯�/Y �Õ ½ _

  • i lS-M�o- Á ã %$ �� -@ )0-M�LK?-jr;�+* � rs* �t�u-Q$�v'* �S(mP �u-p H E p q E p E f C# d p' E # �.�S(# E f T U E `a H q gh E `a Hf

    gh E ¬ `a efgh

    )0-M�LK?-jr;�+* �x$ �>�u- �?* ��PÌ5s-M�o* � n73�O

  • X Y7Z [ \ ]^� � -;� # E `a e f be d e cd e e d cgh C

    ÈÞ$ # ( /�?0* �2�.34 %5?�.,738-1é} � ]~����� � � } �&� \ Õ �Ëz# d p.Ë�E êêêêêêêê

    e d p f be d e d p cd e e d c d p êêêêêêêêE e d p êêêêêêd e d p ce d c d p êêêêêê

    b êêêêêêe d e d pd e e êêêêêêE e d p e p c p d c e d p d b pE e d p q c p d c d pE d p d c p q p c d c d pE d p d c p q E d p q Ìp c E fT U p H E pq E f p E d c V

  • } �&� \ Ö � )07-M�LK?-jr;�+* �À$ 9I* � p E f # E `a e f be d e cd e e d c

    g h `a e f bf d e d ef e eg h

    `a e f bf e ef f fg h V

    # E f T U E `a H q g h E `a d b d

    g h

    E `a d bd eeg h E ¬ `a d bd ee

    g h V

    * B Á H E `a d bd eeg h %$ �� -@ )07-M�LK?-jr;�+* � 9I* �

    p H E f �.�S( rs* ��o-Q$�v'* �S(

  • %$ $�v2�� £¤¤¥ ¤¤¦`a d bd ee

    g h § ¤¤¨¤¤©C

    )0-M�LK?-jr;�+* � 9I* � p E d c # d d c E # c E `a b f be e cd e e f

    g h

    `a e f ee e cf c cg h `a e f ef e ef c c

    g h `a e f ef e ef f fg h V

    ¸# c « E f T U `a e f ef e ef f fgh `a H q

    gh E `a fffgh V

    E `a H q g h E `a d d

    g h E ¬ `a d ed eeg h V

  • * B ÁMq E `a d ed eeg h %$ �� -@ )07-M�LK?-jr;�+* � 9I* �

    pM E d c ��S( rs* �t�u-Q$�v'* �S(

  • X Y7Z [ \ ]^� � -;� # E `ae f f cf f ff f b fc f f e

    g h C_

  • E d p b d p êêêêêêe d p cc e d p êêêêêêE d p b d p ì e d p q d MíE d p b d p Ìp q d c p d b E d p b d p Ìp d b Ìp e E Ìp d Ìp d b Ìp d b Ìp e E f T U p E d e b V

    } �&� \ Ö � � ,2�w$; %$ 9I* � ��lS- -@ )07-M�6$�v2�?rj- *9-?�?rMl -@ )0-M�LKm�3�n1- p E d e# d d e E # E `a

    c f f cf f ff f fc f f cgh

  • `ae f f ef e f ff f e fe f f e

    gh `ae f f ef e f ff f e ff f f f

    gh V

    ¸# « E f T U `ae f f ef e f ff f e ff f f f

    g h `a H q

    g h E `affff

    g h V

    E `a H q

    g h E `ad ff

    g h E ¬ `ad eff e

    g h V

    * B.Á H E `ad eff e

    g h %$ �.� -@ )07-M�LK?-jr;�+* � 9I* �p E d e ��1( rs* �t�u-Q$�v'* �S(

  • %$ v2�.� £¤¤¤¤¤¥ ¤¤¤¤¤¦`ad eff e

    g h § ¤¤¤¤¤¨¤¤¤¤¤©C

    p E b # d b E `a

    d c f f cf e f ff f f fc f f d cg h `a

    e f f d ef e f ff f f ff f f fg h V

    # d b « E f T U `ae f f d ef e f ff f f ff f f f

    g h `a H q

    g h E `affff

    g h V

    E `a H q

    gh E `a f

    gh E `aff ef

    gh `aeff e

    gh V

  • * B Á2q E `aff ef

    g h ��S( Á E `aeff eg h �>�o- �i *

    34 �t3zy

  • `ae f f d c ª bf f e ff f f ef f f f

    gh `ae f f ff f e ff f f ef f f f

    gh

    ¸# d « E f T U `ae f f ff f e ff f f ef f f f

    g h `a H q

    g h E `affff

    g h V

    E `af qff

    g h E ¬ `af eff

    g h V

    * B.Á E `af eff

    g h %$ �.� -@ )0-M�LK?-jr;�+* �x$ 9I* �p E �.�S( rs* �t�u-Q$�v'* �S(

  • %$ v2�.� £¤¤¤¤¤¥ ¤¤¤¤¤¦`af eff

    g h § ¤¤¤¤¤¨¤¤¤¤¤©C

    } �&� \ × �Ø E ÙÚÁ H ÁMq Á Á ÜE £¤¤¤¤¤¥ ¤¤¤¤¤¦

    `ad eff e

    gh `aeff egh `a

    ff efgh `a

    f effgh § ¤¤¤¤¤¨¤¤¤¤¤©

    V} �&� \ Ý �

  • # E F A F G HwB i lS-M�u-F E `a

    d e e f ff f f ef f e fe e f fg h �.�S( A E `a

    d e f f ff b f ff f b ff f f g h C

    î lS-jrk # F E F A� � �¶� � � 3Ð$J* BM# E F A F G HLB29I* � ��l1- � �QP���R )rj-Q$F E `a

    f e f d ee f f ff f e ff e f eg h �.�S( A E `a

    f f ff b f ff f b ff f f d eg h C

    î lS-jrk # F E F A

  • X Y7Z [ \ ]^� � ï /�?0* �@�34 %5s- :9 v*$$;

  • E c d p Ìp q d e d b p d b Ìp d e E c d p Ìp d e Ìp e d c Ìp d e E Ìp d e ì c d p q Ìp e d c íE Ìp d e d p q p E d p p d e q E fT U p E f e V

    } �&� \ Ö � )07-M�LK?-jr;�+* �À$ 9I* � p E f # E `a c d b ee d c ee d b c

    g h `a e f d ef e d ef f fg h

    # E f T U E `a H q g h E `a

    g h E ¬ `a eeeg h V

  • * B Á H E `a eeegh %$ �.� -@ )07-M�LK?-jr;�+* � 9I* �

    p E f �.�S( rs* ��o-Q$�v* �S(

  • E q `a b efg h `a d ef e

    g h V

    * B.Á q E `a b efgh ��1( Á2 E `a d ef e

    gh�>�o- �i * 34 �3zy

  • } �&� \ × �Ø E ÂÁ H Á q Á2 Ä E £¤¤¥ ¤¤¦

    `a eeeg h `a b ef

    g h `a d ef eg h § ¤¤¨¤¤©

    C} �&� \ Ý �