07 July 2020 · • Supporting sustainable forms of travel (walking, cycling and public transport)...

07 July 2020

Membership: Cllr Bert Jones, Cllr Saima Ahmed, Cllr Jo Blackman, Cllr Namreen Chaudhry, Cllr Linda Huggett, Cllr Saira Jamil, and, Cllr Robin Turbefield.

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1 Apologies

2Introduction and Overview of Redbridge Steve Grayer

3ULEZ and TfLAndrew Galligan and Richard McGreevy TfL

4EV technology Professor Richard McMahon University of Warwick

5Redbridge FleetRob Anderson Cenex

6 Discussion

7 Community Leadership Overview

8 AOB

• Reducing the impact of traffic• Supporting sustainable forms of travel (walking, cycling and public transport)• Through Planning policies• Sustainable EV vehicle charging infrastructure • Reducing own direct fleet and staff travel emissions• Safe Streets

Key Projects• School Streets• Workplace Travel • Cycle Routes• Mobility Hubs• Low Traffic

Neighbourhoods• Controlled Parking

Zones• Cycle Training• Business Low

Emission Neighbourhoods

Potential High Impact Interventions

• Ambitious parking policies; e.g. differential parking – political support required

• Low / Zero emission initiatives

• Active Travel

Redbridge Climate Crisis Corporate Panel

Richard McGreevyStrategy & Planning ManagerTransport for London

7 July 2020

Climate change and transport

1) Background

2) The task & targets

3) The approach

4) What this means locally

Background – London’s greenhouse gas emissions by source

10

Home38%

Work36%

Transport26%

London's greenhouse gas emissions by source

Background – contribution of transport

11

Motorcycle0.2%

Taxi1%

Car12%

LGV2%

Bus and Coach3%

HGV3%

Rail2%

Aviat ion 3%

Water0.1%

Home

38%

Work

36%

Transport

26%

London's greenhouse gas emissions by source

12

Motorcycle1% Taxi

4%

Car58%

LGV11%

Bus and Coach12%

Rigid9%

Art ic5%

London's road transport greenhouse gas emissions by source

Car travel accounts 58 per of the road transport GHG emissions

Commercial vehicles account for 24 per cent

Background – Road transport emissions

13

Background – excuses for delay or inaction

Redirect responsibilitySomeone else should take

actions first

IndividualismIndividuals and consumers are

ultimately responsible for taking actions

‘Free rider’ excuseReducing emissions is going to weaken us.

Others have no real interest of reducing theirs and will take advantage of that.

WhataboutismOur carbon footprint is trivial

compared to......therefore it makes no sense to take actions, at least until.......

SurrenderIt’s not possible

to mitigate climate change

Push non-transformative

solutionsDisruptive change is

not necessary Fossil fuel solutionismFossil fuels are part of the

solution and becoming more efficient to bridge the gap to

a low carbon future

All talk, little actionWe are world leaders in

addressing climate change. We have approved an ambitious

target and ......

Technological optimismWe should focus our efforts on

current and future technologies

No sticks, just carrotsSociety will only respond to

sportive and voluntary policies. Restrictive

measures will fail and should be abandoned

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/7B11B722E3E3454BB6212378E32985A7/S2059479820000137a.pdf/discourses_of_climate_delay.pdf

Williams F. Lamb et al

Emphasise the downsidesChanges will be disruptive

Appeal to social justiceClimate actions will generate large costs. Vulnerable

members of our society will be burdened; hard working people cannot enjoy their holidays

Appeal to well-beingFossil fuels are required for

development. Abandoning them will condemn the global poor to

hardship and their right to modern livelihoods

Policy perfectionismWe should seek only perfectly crafted solutions

that are supported by all affected parties; otherwise we will waste opportunities for adoption

DoomismAny mitigation methods we take are

too little, too late. Catastrophic climate change is already locked-in. We should adapt, or accept our fate

in the hands of nature

Change is impossibleAny measures to reduce emissions effectively will run against current ways of life or human nature and

this is impossible to implement in a democratic society

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/7B11B722E3E3454BB6212378E32985A7/S2059479820000137a.pdf/discourses_of_climate_delay.pdf

1) Background


3) The approach


Task & targets

15

• The CO2 emissions trajectories set out for road transport in the Mayor’ Transport

Strategy and London Environment Strategy form part of the Climate Action Plan, which

is compatible with plans to limit global temperature rises to 1.5 degrees above pre-

industrial levels

• 72% reduction in transport GHG emissions by 2041

• Zero carbon by 2050

1) Background


3) The approach


The approach

17

1. Reduce the need to travel and shift journeys to low and zero carbon ways of travel – walk, cycle and public transport – make them the mode of choice

2. Shift the remaining private vehicle fleet to zero tail pipe emission – electric and hydrogen

3. Clean-up our own operations – lead by example

4. Communication

The approach

18

1. Reduce the need to travel and shift travel to low and zero carbon ways of getting around – walk, cycle and public transport

• Land-use planning – denser mixed-use development, focused around public transport access, zero or minimum car parking provision.

• Traffic management and parking controls.

• Investment in walking, cycling and public transport enabling more than 10% reduction in traffic by 2041. Achieving the 80% active, efficient and sustainable mode share target.

2. Shift the remaining private vehicle fleet to lower and eventually zero tail pipe emissions – electric and hydrogen

• The congestion charge, Low Emission Zone (LEZ), and Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ).

• Support for electric charge points and hydrogen refuelling stations

• End of sale of fossil fuel vehicles in 2040 (end of sales of cars by 2030, all vehicles by 2040)

– All newly registered cars and light goods vehicles driven in London to be zero emission from 2030;

– All newly registered heavy vehicles driven in London to be zero emission by 2040

• London wide Zero Emissions Zone by 2050

The approach

19

3. Clean up own operations

• TfL rail services decarbonised by 2030

• All buses to be zero emissions capable by 2037

• GLA group fleet:

– cars zero emission capable by 2025.

– All new purchased or leased vans to be ZEC from 2025

– GLA group fleet all heavy vehicles fossil fuel free from 2030

4. Communications

• Climate change but do not forget the other benefits

– Quality of life and well-being

– Equity

– Air quality

– Public health

– Road danger reduction

– Noise

– Severance

– More effective use of land

1) Background


3) The approach


What this means locally

21


• Redbridge target of 50% walking, cycling and using public transport by 2021 & 65% by 2041. Compared to 49% now.

• Is what we are doing in the short term, as part of the Covid19 recovery, contributing to the longer term aim?

• Carrots and sticks

• Tipping the balance to make it relatively more attractive to travel by walking, cycling and public transport compared to car

What this means locally

22


– Land-use and development policies – reduced parking or zero parking -Sutton

– Streets as places and not just routes – Waltham Forest

– High quality cycling network and secure / convenient cycle parking - Enfield

– Bus priority – lanes, hours of operation - Hounslow

– Low traffic neighbourhoods - filtered permeability restricting through vehicular traffic – Lambeth, Waltham Forest

– School Streets, Play Streets

– Lower speed limits - 20 mph limits – Merton, Kingston, Richmond borough-wide

– Parking controls and charges - Richmond

– Freight management – procurement, last mile, consolidation

Redbridge Climate Crisis Corporate Panel

Richard McGreevyStrategy & Planning ManagerTransport for London

7 July 2020

Climate change and transport

24

The Ultra Low Emission Zone expansion

Andy Galligan

Transport for London

7 JULY 2020

25 ULTRA LOW EMISSION ZONE EXPANSION

London’s toxic air is a public health crisis

• Thousands of Londoners die prematurely each yearbecause of toxic air pollution.

• London’s toxic air is stunting the growth of children’s lungsin ways that will affect them for the rest of their lives.

• Toxic air pollution is a cause of cancer and it increases the risk of asthma, stroke and dementia.

• London’s toxic air crisis is also an issue of social justice as air pollution is worse in more deprived areas.

• Road transport is the biggest contributor to air pollution in London

26

ULTRA LOW EMISSION ZONE EXPANSION

£12.50

£100

Euro 3

Euro 4 petrolor

Euro 6 diesel

Euro VI

£12.50

£200Euro IV PM

Euro 3 PM £100

8 April 2019 - Central London ULEZ

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October 2020 – Strengthening of LEZ standards


£100£300

Euro VIEuro IV PM

Euro 3 PM £100

£12.50

Euro 3

Euro 4 petrolor

Euro 6 diesel

£12.50

28


£100£300

Euro VIEuro IV PM

Euro 3 PM £100

£12.50

Euro 4 petrolor

Euro 6 diesel

Euro 3

£12.50

October 2021 – Expansion of ULEZ

29

Expansion of ULEZ to N and S Circular Roads


30

Redbridge ULEZ expansion boundary


31 ULTRA LOW EMISSION ZONE EXPANSION

Redbridge ULEZ expansion boundary

32

Options for drivers


• Purchase a new compliant vehicle

• Purchase a second-hand compliant vehicle

• Rent/lease a compliant vehicle

• Share a compliant vehicle

• Retrofit your vehicle (this is only suitable for some vehicles)

• Reorganise your fleets to only drive compliant vehicles in the ULEZ (for those operating a fleet of vehicles)

• Pay the daily charge (we would prefer that drivers take action to meet the standards and avoid the charge).

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Scrappage Schemes


A) To support small and micro-businesses, sole traders and charities scrap non-compliant, more polluting vans and minibuses (respectively):

– Option 1: Scrappage for frequent users of the Congestion Charge area (£7,000)– Option 2: Scrappage and purchase/lease of Euro 6 replacement (£7,000)– Option 3: Scrappage and contribution towards running costs (including

insurance) of an electric vehicle (£9,000)

B) £25 million fund to help certain low-income & disabled Londoners scrap non compliant, more polluting vehicles:

– Option 1: Scrappage of non-compliant car (£2000)– Option 2: Scrappage of non-compliant motorcycle or moped (£1000)

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How will we tell people about it?


• London Wide• Traditional comms, adverts etc

• Local engagement• Use ‘partners’ to spread message

• Not mutually exclusive

• Overlap and sharing resource

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Corporate London-wide comms


Launches late Sept 2020

Corporate TfL style

Leaflet drop – each boundary borough, localised travel info. Early Oct 2020

Face to Face leaflet – Early 2021. Busy locations, high footfall. 22 boroughs in zone

Covid 19 – all messaging reflect latest guidance.

Marketing - Various Media

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Local community and stakeholder engagement


• Since early 2020 - Building contacts within the boroughs

• Stakeholder mapping • Using TfL opted in lists. • Desk based research

• Using Redbridge borough contacts to access: • Faith groups, Community and residents groups.

• Existing networks

• London wide comms• Content out sept/ October to match

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ASKS – what can you do?


• Additional space – for queueing and also walking, cycling & cycle parking & crossing points

• Publicise the cycle training – via Cycle confident - its free!

• TfL leaflets – ensure available on LBR website & in hard copy

• Any LBR messaging: Local knowledge to tailor it

• Ensure LBR s Fleet is ULEZ compliant by Oct 2021

• Switching short journeys? School run

• Tell me who I can tell!?

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[email protected]

The Electrification of Transport

Drivers towards greener and safer journeys

Professor Richard McMahon

WMG, University of Warwick

What is an electric vehicle?

Vehicles are electric to different degrees:

– Fully battery electric, hybrid, plug in hybrid, fuel cell powered

Many vehicle types:

– Cars, buses, two wheelers, vans, HGVs, PSVs etc.

A deeper look inside a fully electric vehicle

Battery pack DC/DC converter

DC/AC converter

AC/DC converter

Motor

Tesla drivetrain

Transport accounts for >30% of CO2 emissions –electrification can significantly reduce these

Road Transport is ~70% of that

Air quality – electrification can lead to significant improvements

Photograph: Francois Guillot/AFP/Getty Images

Paris emergency measures to combat smog hailed as a success

Traffic jams in the French capital reduced by up to 40% as result of

attempt to reduce level of fine PM10 particles from diesel vehicles

Guardian, 23rd March 2015

No combustion related emissions or particulates (diesel)

Reduced brake and tyre dust

1954 London

Charging infrastructure

Home charging (easy for some!)

On-street charging and public space charging

Implications for the electricity network

Cost for upgrades

Extra peak load

Yet…

Extra storage capacity

RE Self-consumption

Connected and autonomous vehicles

Driver aids are becoming widespread – can reduce fatigue

Fully self-driving vehicles may reduce accidents

Self driving ‘pods’ may provide safer transport

Driver case studies

Case study A:

– 30-mile daily commute

– Private parking

– Chargers at home/at work

Driver case studies

Case Study B:

– Driving children; multiple short trips per day

– Works part-time

– Parking at home is on-street

Running EV is subject to public charge-points availability

Driver case studies

Case Study C:

– Works at unsociable hours

– Not well-paid

– Travels to places poorly served by public transport

– Multiple journeys with short rest intervals in-between

– Considerable total mileage per day

Toyota Camry Hybrid

Recommendations:Target the problems e.g. worst areas for air quality

Look at electric vehicle alternatives in own fleet e.g. vans, refuse collection

Support charging infrastructure – perhaps in partnerships with providers, site owners and developers

Apply pressure to other bodies e.g. TfL, London Ambulance + private sector to use electric vehicles

Establish a resource/information centre, perhaps offering the chance to try an electric vehicle, and encourage local interest groups

Share ideas with other authorities and initiate trials to se what works

Consider carrots and sticks but be aware of unintended consequences!

Reducing Transport

Emissions

Rob Anderson

Senior Fleet Specialist

• Cenex operates as an independent not-for-profit consultancy

• Specialists in the delivery of projects that support innovation and market

development, focused on low carbon vehicles and associated energy

infrastructure

About Cenex

Infrastructure

Fleet

Grey Fleet

Fleet Options

• What’s available?

• What do you need to be aware of?

• What are the running costs?

• Who’s operating them?

Battery Electric

Range Extended

Plug-in Hybrid

• Daily mileage profile vs. range and charging requirements

– Dwell times (required charging rates)

– Locations (depot, home, public?)

• Factors that can reduce electric range*

– City centre vs. motorway -25%

– Aggressive driving -50%

– Full payload -30%

– Cabin heating -25%

• Battery size vs. cost example (Nissan Leaf)

– 62 kWh costs ~£6,500 more than 40 kWh variant for an additional ~70 miles range

Electric Vehicle Considerations

* results shown from independent testing of battery electric commercial vehicles

(up to 7.5t GVW). Results show largest percentage reduction in range reported.

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)

• Electric vehicles cost more upfront, but less during operation

• TCO savings depend on:

– Ownership period

– Duty cycle

Total Savings; Small Van, 14k miles per annum, 3 yr ownership Total Savings; Large Van, 13.6k miles per annum, 3yr ownership

Electric Vehicle Deployments

• Leeds City Council

– Taken delivery of 122 electric vans for property

maintenance work and civil enforcement

– Reinforce its position as the “leading local authority” in

terms of electric vehicle (EV) fleet size, bringing the total

to 330

• Nottingham City Council

– Over 100 EVs on fleet

– Cars, vans, minibuses, cage tippers, sweepers

– Have invested in an EV Service Centre

• Bristol City Council

– Aims to have at least 10% of its fleet made up of EVs by

2021

eRCV Deployments

61

Year Council eRCV Deployment Information

2017 GreenwichMagtec

re-power

• First example of an eRCV in the UK.

• Compared to a double-shifted diesel vehicle over a 50 mile day.

• Innovate UK funded

2018 City of London Electra• Two month trial of Electra RCV.

• 35 tonnes of CO2 savings per vehicle.

2019

Sheffield CityMagtec

re-power

• Two diesel RCVs retrofitted by Magtec for two year trial.

• Part-funded by Innovate UK.

City of London Electra• Aiming to implement an eRCV fleet.

• Two Electra manufactured 18t vehicles deployed.

2020

Manchester City Electra

• 27 Electra eRCVs ordered.

• 18 month trial proved the vehicle could operationally match a

diesel RCV.

• Cost the council ~9.8 million (~£360,000 per vehicle). This was

reduced slightly by Plug-in grants.

• Expect the vehicles to last for 10 years and save 900 tonnes of

CO2 a year.

Cambridge District

Cambridge City

Dennis

Eagle

eCollect

• First Dennis Eagle eCollect rolled out.

• Costs ~£400,000 (£185,000 more than their diesel RCVs)

• Plans to replace all 55 RCVs with electric or hydrogen by 2028.

Nottingham City

• Two Dennis Eagle eCollects expected by the end of 2020.

• Increased ownership to 10 years from 7 years for diesel.

• Expected to make running cost savings of £300,000.

• Supported by Go Ultra Low funding.

Islington• Two Dennis Eagle eCollects expected in late 2020.

• GLA funding to support fleet electrification.

City of York

• Two new RCVs will be Dennis Eagle eCollects.

• Expected to be delivered in early 2021.

• Cost ~2.5 times more than the conventional diesel RCVs. Dennis Eagle eCollect

Magtec re-power

Electra eRCV

Grey Fleet Options

• How to reduce personal car use

EV Pool Cars

e-bikes & e-scooters

Travel Hierarchy

Examples

• London Borough of Croydon launched a radical transport review with such initiatives as pool

car and cycle to work schemes, Corporate oyster cards, flexible working and working from home

policies:

– 42 % reduction of annual employees’ business miles

– 42 % reduction of employee transport costs

– 36 % reduction of transport carbon emissions

– Pool car vehicles benefit directly the local community and Borough users

• University of Cumbria implemented initiatives aimed specifically at reducing the emissions,

financial cost, and safety risk exposure from the use of grey fleet:

– Reducing the mileage rate payable from 45ppm to 30ppm

– Obligating staff who commute by car to deduct their home to work mileage from their claim

Results:

– 36 % reduction of grey fleet mileage claims

– 57 % reduction of grey fleet reimbursement payments

– 36 % reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from grey fleet

Infrastructure Installation

Considerations

Challenges, Constraints & CostsLandlords and

3rd parties

Future proofing

GPS signal

Location of infrastructure

Available electrical capacity

Engagement & Permissions

Low emission vehicle and infrastructure projects are significantly more successful

if supported by a dedicated project manager (and budget)

Ownership Model

Key Questions

• What vehicles will you be using? Now? Future?

• What are the typical vehicle dwell times?

• Can you achieve a competitive advantage from faster charging?

Action: Select appropriate power rating for charging equipment to meet the needs of your fleet.

• When will your charging take place?

• Is there ‘give’ in the charging profile?

• Will all vehicles be plugged-in and needing charging at the same time?

Action: Consider smart charging to reduce the cost of connection and avoid peak energy charges.

* Smart charging - the ability for electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) to

control the timing of charging and the power output level in response to a user-

defined input or signal.

Key Questions

• Where is the main supply/ local substation?

• Do you have different locations where charging could take place? Are they connected to different sub-stations?

• Do vehicles need to charge at site? Is home charging an option?

• Can you share the connection (or even charging) with other businesses to spread the cost?

Action: Identify a variety of locations where EV charging can be installed and investigate costs.

Electric Vehicle Charging – Supply Constraints

• Unmanaged charging of electric vehicles = local power supply constraints?

• Complete a pre-feasibility study before contacting the DNO

What is site power supply rating?

What is the existing site demand? (half hourly data

– worst case month)

What is the vehicle charging requirement?

How many vehicles can be charged now? How can the

whole fleet be charged?

New / Upgraded Grid ConnectionSmart Charging

Away from Site / Depot Charging On-site Generation and Storage

• Gnewt Cargo / EO Charging – Smart Charging

• Leeds City Council – Home charging

• Nottingham City Council – Smart Grid with solar PV and battery storage

Slow

Fast

Rapid

Ultra-rapid

AC or DC

Power

AC 3 kW

AC 7-22 kW

AC or DC

43 kW AC50 kW DC

DC 150 kW+

Charging time: 24kWh (0-80%)

6 hours

1 – 3 hours

30 minutes

5-10 minutes

Charging time: 64kWh(0-80%)

17 hours

2.5 – 7.5 hours

1 hour

20 minutes

Charging time: 100kWh (0-80%)

27 hours

4-11 hours

1.5 – 2 hours

30 minutes

Cost of hardware only

£300 - £1500

£2k - £5k

£15k - £30k

£50k+?

DNO connection cost

£1,000’s

£10,000s

<20 - £10,000s>20 - £100,000s

<6 - £10,000s>6 - £100,000s or £1ms

Install cost

£100s

£1000s

£10,000s

£10,000s to £100,000s

Total Cost

£1,000s

£10,000s

£100,000s

£1,000,000

Uptake Programmes

• How to increase EV uptake within local businesses

Nottingham City Council: ULEV Experience

• A two-year business and public sector support programme

dedicated to helping Nottingham-based organisations to

understand, trial and implement ultra-low emission vehicles:

– Fleet Reviews

– Electric Vehicle Loans

– Business Engagement and Events

Event Type Number Held

Clinics 10

Ride & Drive 5

EV Roadshow 4

Evening Reception 1

Business & Public Engagement 3

Vehicle Type

Vehicles Reviewed

EV Replacements

CO2 Savings

Cars 1,363 396

1,008 TSmall Vans 1,661 261

Large Vans 1,361 16

Total 4,385 673

Leeds City Council: Try Before You Buy Scheme

• From spring 2019, offering local businesses the chance to trial a

range of electric vehicles

– A free two-month EV trial to get a better understanding of

the benefits and how electric vehicles could work for their

business

• Vans form the majority of the trial fleet, made up of around 70

vehicles

– The fleet also includes a number of electric cars suitable for

use as private hire and taxi vehicles

• Each vehicle fitted with a device that provides detailed journey

and charging data, helping companies understand how they’ve

used the vehicle and, with impartial expert support, help them to

make an informed decision about whether to purchase one (or

more) for their own fleet.

Thank you for listening

Robert Anderson

Senior Fleet Specialist

Cenex

Email: [email protected]

Tel: 07833 447 352

o Outcomes from Engagement

o Proposals from Green Audit

o Summary of recommendations

o Speakerso Greenwich and Lewisham Greenpeace Active

Supporters Groups/South East London Community Energy

o Eunomia

07 July 2020 · • Supporting sustainable forms of travel (walking, cycling and public transport)...

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