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® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations.

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

MARK SCHEME for the March 2016 series

0610 BIOLOGY

0610/12 Paper 1 (Multiple Choice – Core), maximum raw mark 40

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the March 2016 series for most Cambridge IGCSE

®

and Cambridge International A and AS Level components.

Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper

Cambridge IGCSE – March 2016 0610 12

© Cambridge International Examinations 2016

Question Number

Key Question Number

Key

1 B 21 B

2 C 22 C

3 D 23 B

4 D 24 B

5 D 25 B

6 B 26 D

7 C 27 A

8 C 28 A

9 C 29 D

10 D 30 B

11 B 31 C

12 D 32 C

13 C 33 D

14 B 34 B

15 A 35 A

16 B 36 B

17 A 37 D

18 C 38 A

19 D 39 A

20 D 40 B





0610 BIOLOGY

0610/22 Paper 2 (Multiple Choice – Extended), maximum raw mark 40

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the March 2016 series for most Cambridge IGCSE

®





Question Number

Key Question Number

Key

1 C 21 B

2 D 22 C

3 D 23 A

4 B 24 A

5 D 25 D

6 B 26 C

7 A 27 A

8 B 28 A

9 C 29 A

10 D 30 C

11 D 31 B

12 D 32 D

13 C 33 B

14 C 34 C

15 B 35 C

16 A 36 B

17 B 37 D

18 C 38 D

19 C 39 B

20 C 40 A





0610 BIOLOGY

0610/32 Paper 3 Theory (Core), maximum raw mark 80

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the March 2016 series for most Cambridge IGCSE

®





Abbreviations used in the Mark Scheme:

• ; separates marking points

• / alternatives

• I ignore

• R reject

• A accept (for answers correctly cued by the question, or guidance for examiners)

• AW alternative wording (where responses vary more than usual)

• AVP any valid point

• ecf credit a correct statement / calculation that follows a previous wrong response

• ora or reverse argument

• ( ) the word / phrase in brackets is not required, but sets the context

• underline actual word given must be used by candidate (grammatical variants excepted)

• max indicates the maximum number of marks that can be given




Question Mark Scheme Marks Guidance

1

[5]

5 or 6 correct = 5 4 correct = 4 3 correct = 3 2 correct = 2 1 correct = 1

[Total: 5]





2

mammal feature survival advantage

gazelle long legs; large ears; horns; eyes placed laterally; fur pattern;

escape predators; warning of danger; defence ; to detect predators; camouflage;

giraffe long legs; long neck; fur pattern; long eye-lashes; eyes placed laterally; large ears;

reaching food / escaping predators; reaching food / leaves; camouflage ; protection against dust / insects / thorns; to detect predators ; warning of danger;

leopard fur pattern; long tail; large claws; long / pointed teeth; forward facing eyes; whiskers;

camouflage; balance; disable prey; disable / eat prey; focus on prey; increased sensitivity;

[max 2]

[max 2]

[max 2]

feature and reason must match for 2 marks

A AVP (visible) with associated reason A possession of fur for one animal only A description / AW

[Total: 6]





3 (a) protein; that functions as a biological catalyst

[2]

(b) (i) A: liver; B: stomach; C: small intestine / ileum; D: large intestine / colon;

[4]

(ii) E: ending in the stomach; F: ending on the liver; G: ending on the pancreas / wall of ileum; H: ending on the anus;

[4]

(c) (i) ileum / small intestine / villi; [1]

(ii) diffusion; active transport; ref to glucose being small molecule / soluble; through (thin) wall; into blood / plasma / blood capillary; villi; (villi) provide large surface area (per volume);

[max 2]

A absorption into stomach here

[Total: 13]

4 (a) testes; gamete; vagina; egg cell; zygote; uterus; embryo;

[7]





(b) release of amniotic fluid / amnion / amniotic sac, ruptures; cervix dilates; uterus muscles / walls contract; mother helps by contracting other muscles / pushing; baby pushed out through vagina; umbilical cord tied and cut; placenta / afterbirth passed out; AVP; (e.g. head normally delivered first)

[max 4]

[Total: 11]

5 (a) (i) 1.2 (dm3 per min); [1]

(ii) (ecf) 3.3 (dm3 per min);;

[2]

correct sum (4.5 – 1.2) = 1 mark even if answer is incorrect

(b) muscles contract; need more energy; muscles respire more; need more oxygen; need more glucose; produce more carbon dioxide; ref to oxygen / glucose / carbon dioxide carried by blood;

[max 3]

“more” / AW must be stated at least once in the explanation – if not max 3 I anaerobic respiration

(c) (i) (1.5 – 0.5 = 1.0)

1.0 / 0.5 × 100 = 200 (%);;

[2]





(ii) heat / energy release; from respiration; heat carried by blood; heat lost from skin surface / AW; by sweat; evaporation of; more sweat required / ref to liquid coming from blood; ref to homeostasis; AVP;

[max 3]

A heat loss by conduction / convection / radiation

(d) blood needed in the muscles / at skin surface / AW; digestion not immediately essential / AW; AVP;

[max 1]

(e) brain (cell) function has to be constant / cells cannot reduce their energy requirement / AW; brain cells do not require extra energy during exercise / AW; AVP;

[max 2]

[Total: 14]

6 (a) (i) thread like structure / AW; contains DNA; carries genes / genetic information / hereditary material;

[max 2]

(ii) line ending on the nucleus; [1]





(b) parental genotypes: Bb x bb; gametes: B + b x b + b; F1 genotypes: Bb + bb + Bb + bb; F1 phenotypes; black + white + black + white; ratio: 1 black : 1 white;

[5]

(c) (male) XY; (female) XX;

[2]

I indeterminate letters

[Total: 10]

7 (a) J palisade (mesophyll) cell / layer; K guard cell;

[2]

I mesophyll unqualified A vacuole

(b) carbon dioxide and water; glucose and oxygen;

[2]

either order for both pairs A chemical symbols but must be correct I energy on LHS R energy on RHS

(c) (i) crop yields increase as more fertiliser is added; at high levels the effect of the fertiliser makes little difference to yields / non-linear / AW; use of data;

[max 2]





(ii) light intensity; concentration of carbon dioxide; temperature; (availability of) water; number of chloroplasts / amount of chlorophyll; AVP;

[max 2]

(d) (i) kill weeds; (so) more resources / e.g. of, for maize / less competition; more photosynthesis; more energy available (for growth); more glucose / sucrose / starch for cob production;

[max 2]

(ii) gene for tasting unpleasant to insects / to poison insects / AW; from another species; inserted into crop plants; into a chromosome; less chemical needed as plants resist insect attack;

[max 2]

[Total: 12]

8 (a) brain; spinal cord;

[2]

(b) light; sound; chemicals; temperature (change); object touching skin; pressure against skin; damage to skin;

[max 3]

A: position of body in space / AW; I named sense organs





(c) heat / stimulus detected by sensors / receptors, impulse (generated); passed along sensory neurone; across synapse (somewhere in account); impulse passed to motor neurone, via relay / AW neurone; impulse causes muscles to contract / respond;

[max 4]

[Total: 9]

Paper Total: 80





0610 BIOLOGY

0610/42 Paper 4 Theory (Extended), maximum raw mark 80


®





Mark schemes will use these abbreviations


• / alternatives

• I ignore

• R reject












Question Expected answers Mark Additional Guidance

1 (a) (i) A cytoplasm ; B nucleus ;

[2]

(ii) forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings ; keeps contents of cell inside ; allows / controls / (movement of) substances, into / out, of the cell / across membrane ;

[max 1]

(iii) irregular shape / rounded shape / not columnar / not cylindrical / not rectangular / no specific shape ;

[1]

A ORA if palisade cell specified

(b) large surface area ; more surface for respiration ; allows, increased / faster / efficient, respiration ;

[max 1]

A more surface area for enzymes

(c) 1 mitochondria are site of aerobic respiration / production of (most of the) ATP ; 2 liver cell / heart cell, is very active / use lots of energy / respire more ; 3 e.g. function of liver cell or heart cell ; 4 sperm cells, are active / swim / beating flagella ; 5 sperm cells have few mitochondria, as they are small ; 6 red blood cells, full of haemoglobin / more space for oxygen / AW ; 7 red blood cells, use less energy / do not actively move ;

[max 4]

mpt 1 I respiration R anaerobic mpt 3 e.g. active transport / making enzymes / making bile / muscle contraction / heart pumping mpt 4 I move unqualified mpt 7 I do not need any energy

[Total: 9]





2 (a) ADCFBGE [1]

(b) 1 ref to chemical neurotransmitter ; 2 from / in, vesicles / sacs ; 3 neurotransmitter diffuses ; 4 across synaptic cleft / gap ; 5 neurotransmitter binds with receptors ;

[max 3]

A named neurotransmitter mpt 3/5 R impulse

(c) (i) sleeplessness ; hallucinations ; muscle cramps / restless legs ; nausea ; vomiting ; headaches ; sweating ; aggression / agitation / restlessness / anxiety / mood swings / panic attacks ; AVP ; e.g. shivering / diarrhoea

[max 2]

I symptoms of use

(ii) (addicts) turn to crime to finance their addiction / AW ; more opportunity to become drug dealers / mule/ AW ;

[max 1]

(d) (i) 1 harmless / dead / weakened / attenuated, (named) pathogen / microorganisms ; 2 injected / ingested ; 3 ref to antigens ; 4 antigen / vaccine, triggers antibody production ; 5 by lymphocytes ; 6 memory cells are produced ; 7 long-term immunity / rapid immune response ;

[max 4]

mpt 7 R resistance I permanent





(ii) 1 short-term defence against pathogens ; 2 no immune response / immediate protection / no memory cells produced /

no antibodies produced by the body ; 3 from antibodies, acquired from elsewhere / AW ; 4 e.g. across placenta / breast-feeding / breast milk / colostrum / antitoxin /

antivenom / tetanus injection / immunoglobulins ;

[max 2]

[Total: 13]

3 (a) C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 ;; [2]

1 mark for correct equation 1 mark for correct balancing

(b) (i) 4.1 (cm3 per min) ; [1]

(ii) a single line below the original curve on the graph and following the same shape ; line starts at origin ;

[2]

tolerance of ½ small square mpt 1:

• no touching / crossing, lines

• if line continues past beyond 6.0, must not drop or go above 4.1 cm3 per min

• no feathery line

(iii) enzymes denatured / yeast died ; [max 1] R enzyme killed / yeast denatured

(c) (named) alcohol production ; producing biofuels / ethanol ; production of yeast extract ; GM yeast ;

[max 1]

I fermentation / baking





(d) (i) stirrer keeps microorganism suspended / prevent it from sinking ; enables microorganisms to always have access to nutrients ; maintain even temperature ; to create uniform / even / homogenous mixture ; to form pellets of fungus / avoid mat formation ; water-filled jacket reduces heat energy / temperature ; maintains, a constant / suitable / optimum, temperature ; probes monitor / detect / measure, temperature / pH / gas concentration / pressure /

nutrients ;

[1+1+1]

[3]

max 1 from each part stirrer I mixing unqualified I providing microorganisms with nutrients water-filled jacket A regulates temperature I cooling probes I controls / ensures

(ii) prevent contamination ; [1] I ref to purity / impurities

[Total: 11]

4 (a) 1 overall carbon dioxide concentration increases ; 2 at a steady rate ; 3 there are minor fluctuations in carbon dioxide concentration ; 4 the fluctuations occur, regularly / yearly / seasonally ; 5 use of comparative figures with year and concentration with units ;

[max 3]

A gradual I constant

(b) (i) methane ;

[1]

I carbon dioxide / carbon monoxide / water unqualified. A other correct greenhouse gases





(ii) 1 radiation / light from the Sun hits, Earth / atmosphere ; 2 (named) short-wave radiation passes through carbon dioxide layer ; 3 re-radiated / reflected, from the ground as long-wave radiation / infrared / heat

energy ; 4 long-wave radiation / infrared / heat energy, trapped / prevented from escaping

from atmosphere by carbon dioxide ;

[max 3]

I climate change mpt 3 A re-emitted

(c)

mineral ion function in plants effect of ion deficiency on plants

nitrate make amino acids / proteins / DNA / RNA / enzymes / chlorophyll ;

poor growth / lower leaves die early ;

magnesium used to make chlorophyll / pigments ;

yellow leaves / chlorosis ;

phosphate used for making DNA poor root growth

[4]

I reference to yields I chloroplasts

(d) 1 fertiliser / nutrients, leached into / enter, rivers / streams / lakes ; 2 causing algal bloom / algae growth ; 3 algae block sunlight from entering water ; 4 so rooted plants unable to photosynthesise ; 5 so plants die ; 6 bacteria, decompose / feed, on dead plants ; 7 so bacterial population increase ; 8 bacteria respire aerobically ; 9 bacteria use up the oxygen in the water ; 10 organisms / fish / creatures, die / suffocate / migrate, due to lack of oxygen ;

[max 6]

A decomposers for bacteria R if incorrect reason I bacteria breed unqualified

[Total: 17]





5 (a) canine piercing / tearing the food ; molar chewing / grinding the food ;

[2]

A ripping / pulling I cutting / biting

(b) (i) 1 tiger has more pointed incisors / rabbit has less pointed incisors ; 2 tiger has canines / rabbit has no canines ; 3 tiger has jagged, premolars / molars ; 4 tiger has fewer molars / rabbits have more molars ; 5 rabbit has a diastema / (larger) gap between incisors and pre molars ;

[max 2]

mpt 1 I flat mpt 1 A chisel / wedge- shaped mpt 2 I tiger has more canines mpt 3 A rabbits have flat, premolar / molars A tigers have no, diastema / smaller gap between incisors and pre molars I ref to size (photo are not to scale)

(ii) canines ; jagged, premolars / molars ; eyes positioned at the front of the skull ; pointed ridge / crest, on skull ;

[1]

I ref to incisors A carnassial / sharp for jagged I ref to absence of diastema

(c) (i) 12 / 44 × 100 27 ;;

[2]

(ii) arguments for carnivore: 1 has same number of incisors as, other carnivores / 5 / 6 ; 2 has same number of canines as, other carnivores 5 / 6 ; 3 has same number of molars as, 6 / a carnivore ; arguments against carnivore: 4 same number of premolars as, herbivores / 3 / 4; 5 1 / 2 / 3 / some herbivores / omnivores, also have 12 incisors ; 6 1 / 2 / 3 / some herbivores / omnivores, also have 4 canines ;

[max 4]





(d) 1 denatures enzymes in microorganisms ; 2 kills, microorganisms / (named) pathogens ; 3 optimum pH for pepsin activity ; 4 proteins are digested / broken down, to (poly)peptides / amino acids ;

[max 3]

R kills enzymes R denatures

(e) 1 villi lining / epithelium, only one cell thick / thin ; 2 good blood supply / many capillaries ; 3 microvilli ; 4 large surface area ; 5 lacteal for fats / fatty acid, absorption ; 6 protein channels ; 7 mitochondria for active transport ;

[max 3]

I villi is 1 cell thick

(f) 1 weight loss / poor growth / lack of energy / stomach pain / abdominal pain / cramps / diarrhoea / weaker immune system ;

2 malnutrition / deficiency disease ; 3,4 named, nutrient deficiency / effect, with deficient nutrient ;;; &5 e.g. anaemia → iron / vitamin B12

kwashiorkor → protein ; marasmus → all nutrients scurvy → vitamin C night blindness →vitamin A / retinol

[max 3]

I weak / sluggish

[Total: 20]

6 (a) Osteocephalus ; [1]

(b) (i) 1 two strands twisted to form helix ; 2 cross-links between the strands ; 3 A joins with T / C joins with G ; 4 all labels correct ;

[max 3]

A base / sugar / deoxyribose / phosphate / hydrogen bond / nucleotide / crosslinks

/ double helix





(ii) the sequence of bases in DNA are used ; base sequences / DNA / genes, that are more similar mean that organisms are more closely related ; ORA

[2]

I genetic material

(c) (i) gene ; [1]

(ii) 1 mRNA carries a copy of the gene / DNA / base pair sequence ; 2 mRNA travel from the nucleus ; 3 to the ribosome / cytoplasm ; 4 order of amino acids depends on the sequence of bases in mRNA / AW ;

[max 3]





0610 BIOLOGY

0610/52 Paper 5 (Practical Test), maximum raw mark 40


®





Abbreviations used in the Mark Scheme


• / alternatives

• I ignore

• R reject












Question Mark scheme Mark Guidance

1 (a) change to blue-black [1]

(b) 1 one table with ruled lines for at least 6 rows and 3 columns ; 2 a column / row, with header: time / min ; 3 two, columns / rows headings as, colour / observation, W / C ; 4 correct completion of information into table ; 5 W – start is blue-black, gradual change through dark brown to

orange-brown ; 6 C – start is blue-black, remains blue-black for longer than W,

may turn brown towards the end ;

[6]

R units in any data cell / m for min R if colour and letter not both a ‘header’

(c) idea of minimising contamination ; to measure simultaneously ;

[max 1]

(d) (blue-black shows) starch present at, 0 min / start ; (dark brown shows) some starch present at 2 min ; (orange-brown shows) no starch present, after 2 min / from 4 min ;

[3]

(e) yes : C stayed blue-black for longer / slower colour change ora ;

OR no : there is not a large enough range of temperatures ;

[max 1]





(f)

any two errors with two matching improvements:

Source of error Improvement

experiment was done only once ;

repeat entire experiment (at least 3 times in total) to calculate an average;

shaking, can cause spillage / inconsistent mixing ;

(magnetic) stirrer / glass rod bung / flask to swirl;

drops / dropping pipettes, are imprecise / volume of amylase may not be the same ;

use syringe / burette / graduated pipette / measuring cylinder ; Accept method without equipment

(long) intervals between testing / AW ; A reaction finishes between points

test, more often / every minute / 30 seconds;

colour changes are subjective ; A endpoint hard to judge

colour chart / standards / control with no starch / colorimeter ;

trying to do, W and C simultaneously ;

do W and C separately /

second person to do second tube ;

(water) temperature changes ;

insulate beakers / use (thermostatically controlled) water bath ;

AVP ; e.g. contents in pipette might contaminate spotting tests

AVP ; e.g. use clean pipettes each time

[max 4]

R improvement if it contradicts error





(g) 1 test at 40 °C ; 2 test at least one temperature below 40 °C and one above ; 3 use of water bath (to maintain different temperatures) / AW ; 4&5 named controlled variables ;; 6 measure time taken until iodine becomes orange brown / no

longer changes colour ; 7 by repeated sampling at interval of less than 2 mins ; 8 repeat entire experiment / replicates ; 9 relevant stated safety procedure ;

[max 6]

Units must be stated correctly once 4&5 – e.g. equilibration time ; pH ; volume / concentration, iodine / amylase / starch ; I amount / quantity I regular

(h) Benedict’s solution turns (brick) red ; with heat ;

[2]

A green / yellow / orange for red

[Total: 24]

2 (a) (i) A axes labelled with units, in correct orientation ; S linear scale for plotted points to half or more in both dimensions ;

P all plotted points accurate to ± half small square ; L smoothed line passing through all points ; L line with no extrapolation ;

[5]

A x: distance / cm y: bubbles per min OR bubbles / min R m for min

S origin must be stated at least once P R bar chart / histogram L R feathering / thick line

(ii) line drawn from 6 bubbles to their line, and then to the distance axis ;

correct reading from their graph ;

[2]

ecf for wrong trend line in 2(a)(i) R if wrong units

(iii) 1 at higher light (intensity) rate of oxygen production is higher ora

2 at shorter distance from lamp rate of oxygen production is higher ; ora

3 comparative data quote with units stated at least once ; 4 idea that there is a non-linear relationship / not (directly)

proportional ;

[max 2]

A faster photosynthesis for higher rate of oxygen produced.





(iv) prevents (lamp) heating up, plant / water ;

[1]

I maintain / control, temperature A stops temperature rise / water absorbs heat / lamp releases heat I cooling

(b) (i) O – clear outline ; S – size larger than Fig. 2.2 ; D – detail (3 or 4 layers shown) proportions must be: thin → thick → medium moving inwards ;

[3]

O – R any cell detail drawn / feathering / shading / drawn with a compass S – R if smaller than 8 cm diameter

(ii) L – stele labelled and label line touches or enters the stele [1]

(iii) 69 ±0.5 (mm) ; (=69 / 7.5) 9 (times / x) ;

[2]

A 6.9 cm ecf correct calculation to nearest whole number from wrong measurement R if wrong units stated

[Total: 16]





0610 BIOLOGY

0610/62 Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical), maximum raw mark 40


®





Abbreviations used in the Mark Scheme


• / alternatives

• I ignore

• R reject













1 (a) idea of withdrawing a sample to test ; aspect of appropriate method described ;

[2]

(b) 1 one table with ruled lines for at least 6 rows and 3 columns ; 2 a column / row, with header: time / min ; 3 two, columns / rows headings as, colour / observation, W / C ; 4 correct completion of information into table ;

[4]

R units in any data cell / m for min R if colour and letter not both a ‘header’

(c) (i) idea of equilibration ; [1]

(ii) idea of minimising contamination ; idea of allowing simultaneous measurement ;

[max 1]

(d) (blue-black shows) starch present at, 0 min / start ; (dark brown shows) some starch present at 2 min ; (orange-brown shows) no starch present, after 2 min / from 4 min ;

[3]

(e) yes : C stayed blue-black for longer / slower colour change ; ORA OR no : there is not a large enough range of temperatures ;

[max 1]

(f) (i) drop / dropping pipettes, are imprecise / volume of amylase may vary ;

shaking can, cause spillage / inconsistent mixing ;

[max 1]

I miscounting (of drops)

(ii) appropriate apparatus to measure precise volume ; e.g. syringe / burette / graduated pipette / measuring cylinder ;

appropriate apparatus to stir carefully / consistently; e.g. (magnetic) stirrer / glass rod / bung / test-tube shaker ;

[max 1]





(g)

Source of error Improvement

experiment was done only once ;

repeat entire experiment (at least 3 times in total) to calculate an average ;

shaking, can cause spillage / inconsistent mixing ;

(magnetic) stirrer / glass rod bung / flask to swirl;

drops / dropping pipettes, are imprecise / volume of amylase may not be the same ;

use syringe / burette / graduated pipette / measuring cylinder ;

(long) intervals between testing / AW ; A reaction finishes between points

test, more often / every minute / 30 seconds;

colour changes are subjective ; A endpoint hard to judge

colour chart / standards / control with no starch / colorimeter ;

trying to do, W and C simultaneously ;

do W and C separately / second person to do second tube ;

(water) temperature changes ;

insulate beakers / use (thermostatically controlled) water-bath ;

AVP ; e.g. contents in pipette might contaminate spotting tests

AVP ; e.g. use clean pipettes each time

[max 2]

R improvement if it contradicts error A errors and improvements 2 and 3 if not already awarded in 1(f)





(h) 1 test at 40 °C ; 2 test at least one temperature below 40 °C and one above ; 3 use of water-bath (to maintain different temperatures) / AW ; 4&5 named controlled variables ;; 6 measure time taken until iodine becomes orange brown / no

longer changes colour ; 7 by repeated sampling at interval of less than 2 mins ; 8 repeat entire experiment / replicates ; 9 relevant stated safety procedure ;

[max 6]

Units must be stated correctly once 4&5 – e.g. equilibration time ; pH ; volume / concentration, iodine / amylase / starch ; I amount / quantity I regular

(i) Benedict’s solution turns (brick) red ; with heat ;

[2]

A orange / yellow / green

[Total: 24]

2 (a) (i) A axes labelled with units, in correct orientation ; S linear scale for plotted points to cover half or more in both

dimensions ;

P all plotted points accurate to ± half small square ; L smoothed line passing through all points ; L line with no extrapolation ;

[5]

A x: distance / cm y: bubbles per min OR bubbles / min R m for min

S origin must be stated at least once P R bar chart / histogram L R feathering / thick line

(ii) line drawn from 6 bubbles to trend line, and then to the distance axis ;

correct reading from their graph ;

[2]

ecf for wrong trend line in 2(a)(i) R if wrong units

(iii) 1 at higher light (intensity) rate of oxygen production is higher ; ora

2 at shorter distance from lamp rate of oxygen production is higher ; ora

3 comparative data quote with units stated at least once ; 4 idea that there is a non-linear relationship / not (directly)

proportional ;

[max 2]

A faster photosynthesis for higher rate of oxygen produced.





(iv) prevents (lamp) heating up, plant / water ;

[1]

I maintain / control, temperature A stops temperature rise / water absorbs heat / lamp releases heat I cooling

(b) (i) O – clear outline ; S – size larger than Fig. 2.2 ; D – detail (3 or 4 layers shown) proportions must be: thin → thick → medium moving inwards ;

[3]

O – R any cell detail drawn / feathering / shading / drawn with a compass S – R if smaller than 8 cm diameter

(ii) L – stele labelled and label line touches or enters the stele [1]

(iii) 69 ±0.5 (mm) ; (=69 / 7.5) 9 (times / x) ;

[2]

A 6.9 cm ecf correct calculation to nearest whole number from wrong measurement R if wrong units stated

[Total: 16]

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