05 OSCReadiness2008 FIELDS Data Analysis

8/9/2019 05 OSCReadiness2008 FIELDS Data Analysis

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Data Analysis

John Bing-CanarFIELDS Group

U.S. EPA, Region 5, Superfund

[email protected]


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Data Analysis topics: overview data requirements data processing statistical analysis secondary sampling cleanup objectives

software and resources case studies

Outline


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Stating the obvious:

Overview


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Why this topic? data, data issues, in-field devices, clean-up

estimation

available softwares and where to get them case studies to highlight concepts

Overview


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Basic data needs

contaminate concentration(s) locational data (X and Y)

true coordinates (e.g., UTM)

latitutde/longitude local coordinates (e.g., northing and easting from one

corner of site)

date/time collected

additional dataelevation (Z)

Data Requirements


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Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)

data error detectioncontaminate, X, Y, Z, date valuesunits (ppm vs. ppb)

data error detection techniquesdescriptive statistics such as maximum/minimum,

graphing (boxplots, histograms) negative values, values outside of range (% oxygen > 100)

mapping (spatial max/min values) are locations far from majority of sample locations?

outlier tests?not a good idea; high contamination values usually

indicate a source not an outlier

Data Processing


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Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)

LOD treatment1/2 LOD?

Duplicates and splits treatments take maximum? take average? take median?

Summary

choose a method and document it (transparency)

Data Processing


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Calibration of field methods with lab methodsGoal: calibration equation, e.g.,

y = (m)(x) + badjusted value = (slope)(lab value) + intercept

For example, InnovX XRFadjusted lead = (1.54)(lab value) 14.13Natural log adjusted lead = (1.00)(Natural log of lab

value) + 0.37

if lab value = 100ppm, then adjusted lead value = 149.75

Statistical Analysis


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Calibration of field methods with lab methods problems with a calibration equation, y = (m)(x) + b

non-linearity

linear

curvilinear



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outliers



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Calibration of field methods with lab methods problems with a calibration equation, y = (m)(x) + b heteroscedasticity of residuals



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heteroscedasticity of residuals



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Calibration of field methods with lab methods factors to consider when comparing field to lab

methods:differences in field equipment

Niton XLp712 with Americium 241 radioactive source versusInnovX 4000 with an X-ray source. (apples to oranges)

differences in weather conditions weather (dry soil versus wet soil)

differences in material tested slag or ground slag versus soil residential soil versus cattail marsh (huge differences inorganic matter, i.e., roots) (XRF measures metals in soil notvegetation)



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Calibration of field methods with lab methods

basic guide to use when using in-field devices:send a range of samples values to the lab (especially

want higher values). DO NOT randomly send samplesto the lab, or send every 5th sample to the lab

try to send at least 20 samples to the lab. (20 labvalues will give the minimum number of values to usefor calibration of field values to lab values.)Method 6200 (SW-846) calls for a minimum of 5% of

samples sent to the lab.



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Upper confidence limits use upper confidence limits

(UCLs) to determine if sitehas met cleanup goals

EPA-funded software:ProUCL



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Upper confidence limits



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Secondary or phased sampling

given interpretation of previous sampling event,where to continue sampling?

Secondary Sampling


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Adaptive fill sampling user-specified number of samples in the most poorly

sampled areas

Initial locationsSecondary locations

Kalamazoo River

Secondary Sampling


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Initial locationsRadial locations

Radial sampling to meet the need to adequately describe spatial

variation over distance

Kalamazoo River

Secondary Sampling


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Initial locations

Radial locations

Radial sampling to meet the need to adequately describe spatial

variation over distance

Kalamazoo River

Secondary Sampling


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Four components:

2D and 3D data spatial estimation (interpolation)

identify cleanup areas

estimate mass/volume

Cleanup Objectives


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2D and 3D data

2D data (e.g., mercury levels in sediment surface) 3D data (e.g., downhole gamma logging)

Cleanup Objectives


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Spatial estimation (interpolation)

interpolation generates estimates at unsampledlocations

interpolation

Scio Pottery

Cleanup Objectives


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Spatial estimation (interpolation)

why interpolate?hot spot delineationsmass/volume calculationsdetermine remediation areas

interpolation

Cleanup Objectives


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Identify cleanup areas

goal:average concentration; orany area above a specified value

Deer Lake

Cleanup Objectives


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Estimate mass and volume

what is expected volume of soil (sediment) andmass of contaminant to meet a cleanup goal?

Deer Lake

Cleanup Objectives


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Estimate mass and volume

Deer Lake

Cleanup Objectives


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Software

Freeware FIELDS Tools for ArcGIS (http://epa.instepsoftware.com/FIELDS/) F/S Plus [stand-alone] (http://epa.instepsoftware.com/FIELDS/) SADA [stand-alone] (http://www.tiem.utk.edu/~sada/index.shtml)

GMS [stand-alone] (http://www.ems-i.com/)

Proprietary Software WinGslib (www.statios.com)

EVS/MVS (www.ctech.com) SAGE2001 (www.isaaks.com) earthVision (www.dgi.com)

Software and Resources


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SoftwareFreeware FORMS II Lite (http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/clp/f2lite.htm)

Generates sample labels, bottle tags, and Chain of Custody (COC) forms; Tracks samples from the field to the laboratory; Facilitates electronic capture of sample information into databases; and

Exports data electronically as .xml, .dbf or .txt files. MARSSIM (http://www.epa.gov/radiation/marssim/index.html)

The Multi-Agency Radiation Surveys and Site Investigation Manual(MARSSIM) provides detailed guidance for planning, implementing, andevaluating environmental and facility radiological surveys conducted to

demonstrate compliance with a dose- or risk-based regulation ProUCL (http://www.epa.gov/esd/tsc/software.htm)

Estimates Upper Confidence Limit (UCL) of the mean using variousparametric and nonparametric methods Statistical methods that can be used to verify the attainment of cleanupstandards



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Software

Freeware VSP (http://dqo.pnl.gov/index.htm)

Statiscally-based sample design software Supported and financed by the USEPA to meet the DQ) (Data QualityObjectives)

Proprietary Software TerraSeer (http://www.terraseer.com/index.php)

Space-Time Intelligence System (STIS) A GIS software that allows for space and time analyses (e.g., clusteranalysis)



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End of Talk


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Site Info Management: Decision MakingTools ArcGIS

Internet Tools Google Earth ArcGIS Explorer

MS Virtual Earth

IMAAC


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How Robust are these tools? ArcGIS

Capable of sophisticated Spatial and Statistical Analysis On the fly Complex Queries Requires extensive knowledge of GIS

Internet Tools (Google Earth, ArcGIS Explorer, MSVirtual Earth)

More for Presentation Purposes and general use Less functionality for on the fly or detailed data analysis Designed for non-GIS personnel More extensive analysis would require customized

programming

IMAAC Capable of short term, quick response plume mapping More detailed modeling can be conducted


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GIS = Geographic Information Systems

It is a collection of computer hardware, software, and geographic data for capturing,

managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced

information.

How does a full-blown GIS software like ArcGIS differ from Google Earth or other

Internet-based free software?

ArcGIS can answer the following questions:

Query and display:Find and display all samples collected in the last week

Find and display all H2S levels above a criterion

Find and display the highest Cadmium levels in the top 2 feet of soil


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ArcGIS can answer the following questions:

Quantification of changes that have occurred over space or time:

What is the area (yds2) of a proposed clean up?

How much has the elevation of a landfill decreased (subsided) overtime?

Where have PCB concentrations increased in the sediment surface from

last summer?

What is the mass of Mercury in a proposed removal area?

Statistical analysis:Is there a statistically significant relationship between residential soil levels for Lead?

Is there a pattern of Arsenic levels in soil from an airborne release?


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Case StudyNicor Gas Company Response, Park Ridge, IL

In June 2007, Nicor Gas company (Nicor) discovered PCBs in gas

meters at four homes in Park Ridge, IL. Nicor cleaned up thehomes and contacted U.S. EPA, whose inspectors then performedfollow-up testing of indoor air, soil, and hard surfaces. In July andAugust, further sampling of other homes in Park Ridge wasconducted in order to determine the extent of contaminated gasmeters.

In July and August, further sampling of other homes in Park Ridgewas conducted in order to determine the extent of contaminatedgas meters. In total, more than 140 homes were sampled. Nicor,U.S. EPA Region 5 Land and Chemicals Division (LCD), U.S. EPARegion 5 Superfund Emergency Response Branch (ERB), and

Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) contributed to thesampling effort.


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Following the production of thesemaps, new sample data was

received and added to thedatabase. In preparation foranother site meeting, additionaldata queries were created usingArcMap. For example, querieswere generated that showed theresults data and locations of theoriginal four sampled homes, allcommercial sampled properties,

and properties at which detectedPCBs were found concurrently inmeter, air, and wipe samples.

PCB was detected in source samples. Sourcesamples were from gas meters, regulators, and driplegs

Nicor Gas Company Response


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Decision Making Tools: Internet Tools

Google Earth

ArcGIS Explorer

MS Virtual Earth


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Google Earth Utilizes Google search (address) with satellite imagery, maps, and terrain. Free and license versions with various functionality

Google Earth (free) Earth Plus ($20)

Import GPS data

Earth Pro ($400)-EPA OSCs all have a 1 year license Increased functionality and import/export capabilities Allows GIS coverages to be read directly

Enterprise

Limitations Requires Internet Aerials cant be downloaded and used somewhere else. Limited cartographic features Limited GIS functionality

Advantages Simple Fast Maintained


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Ohio River Tools

Sample Designs and navigation Map generation with save

Data saved as ArcView shapefile, DBF,and AutoCAD DXF


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Query Excel Spreadsheet

Queried data can be saved and exported to

a csv and kml format


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Google KML Display


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Outfall Point Link


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Kerr-McGee


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ArcGIS Explorer

Layers Search (address) Imagery Topographic maps historical maps street maps

Free Pros

Simple Fast Maintained

Connect to local data and servicesfrom ArcGIS Server

Cons Requires Internet Limited GIS functionality


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MW FloodEOC staffed for a week on Midwest

Floods including GIS:1. Incident coordinates and information reported

and brought into ARCGIS Explorer

2. Used ArcGIS Explorer 9.2 and added incidentlabels and coordinates rapidly along with SFsites, flood plains, etc.


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NRC Locations of Interest NPL Locations of Interest


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FEMA 500 Year Flood Plain FEMA 100 Year Flood Plain


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FEMA 100 Year Flood Plain


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MS Virtual Earth

Build/Develop web page on top of their platform Free next 2 years for EPA Flexibility Pros

Flexibility and customizability Access all on the web

Cons Not an out of the box tool Web Security In order to make dynamic need to setup/maintain

database


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Virtual Earth at EPA


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Virtual Earth at EPA


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The IMAAC (Interagency Modeling andAtmospheric Assessment Center) providesatmospheric hazards predictions in support ofFederal agencies responding to incidents ofairborne releases with national significance.

The IMAAC leverages existing Federalcapabilities and is responsible for providing

accurate, reliable estimates of predicted hazardareas, with associated concentrations, thatserve as the foundation for decisions by theauthorized emergency managers.

What is IMAAC?


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The NARAC (National Atmospheric Release Advisory

Center), located at the University of CaliforniasLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, has beendesignated as the primary interim provider of IMAACcapabilities and is currently supporting hundreds ofDepartment of Homeland Security stakeholders inaddition to its traditional suite of customers and users

NARAC is a distributed system, providing modeling andgeographical information tools for deployment to an end

user's computer system as well as real-time access toglobal meteorological and geographical databases andadvanced three-dimensional model predictions from thenational center

What is NARAC?


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NARAC Features NARAC provides a suite of multi-scale (local-, regional-,

continental- and global-scale) atmospheric flow and

dispersion models for a wide range of hazards. Some ofthe key features of this modeling system are: Automated, and validated real-time 3-D centralized

modeling system at NARAC that simulates complex

wind flows, detailed particle dispersion, wet and drydeposition on multiple spatial scales: Local-scale and regional-scale meteorological forecast and

dispersion models Long-range meteorological forecast and dispersion models

Models re-locatable anywhere in the world in real-time Nuclear explosion fallout model Fast-running, deployable local-scale dispersion model


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The IMAAC/NARAC supports customers

through several channels: Direct telephone calls to expert operations

staff

Internet interface (NARAC Web) to a high-performance computing center

Internet-based remote access softwareinstalled on a customer's local computer.

Types of NARAC Support


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Ardent SentryDatabase Query based on NARAC Plume


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Contact Information

NARAC - http://narac.llnl.govCustomer SupportEmergency Only: 925-424-6465 (24x7)Non-emergency: 935-424-2722 (daytime)e-mail: [email protected] request account:

https://naracwebx2.llnl.gov/NaracWeb/jsp/RequestAccount.jsp

IMAAC Web

http://imaacweb.llnl.gov925-422-9159 7:30 am - 4:15 pm (PT), M-F925-422-7627

IMAAC emergency contact dispatcher 925-422-9100 (24x7)

05 OSCReadiness2008 FIELDS Data Analysis

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