05 Microwave Radios

1 © NOKIA Wireless Transmission.PPT/ 2.11.04 / RPe

Wireless Transmission

November 2004Ronald Peters


Nokia in MicroWave Radios• Business operations started in 1960´s

• Strong Global Position achieved via GSM challenger market growth in 1990´s

• Nokia is• No. 2 in cellular transmission• Among 3 top players in global PDH-radio market

• R&D and manufacturing site in Karaportti Espoo


Key trends in mobile network transmission

• Capacity need per basestation is increasing• … but timing is difficult to predict• Networks should have inbuilt flexibility to meet

"unknown“ capacity needs

0

2

4

6

8

10

Single bandGSM

Dual bandGSM

EDGE WCDMA

Mbit/s

0

2

4

6

8

10

Single bandGSM

Dual bandGSM

EDGE WCDMA

Mbit/s

• Networks will become more dense• How to avoid frequency congestion?• higher frequencies• new frequency bands• various modulation methods

IP transport

ATM transport

PDH/SDHPDH/SDH

ATM utilizes PDH/SDH

IP utilizes ATM IP utilizes PDH/SDH

Fiber, microwave radios,

copper, leased lines...

Fiber, microwave radios,

copper, leased lines...

IP overEthernet

• TDM, ATM and IP traffic will share the same links• How to multiplex TDM, ATM and IP into the same link?• First ATM/IP over TDM, later IP only?


Nokia MetroHopperHigh-density radio (58 GHz)

Nokia Microwave Radio Solution

Nokia FlexiHopperPDH microwave radio (7,8,13,15,18,23,26,38 GHz)

Nokia FlexiHopper PlusPDH microwave radiowith selectable 4/16-level modulation(7,8,13,15,18,23,26,28,32,38 GHz)

SDH Radio(7,8,13,15,18, 23, 26,38 GHz)

Nokia MetroHubOutdoor cross-connect cabinet and power supply for Nokia Hopper Radios

Radio Indoor UnitsStand-alone and integrated units with revolutionary Flexbus concept

Outdoor SolutionOperation Centre

Indoor Solution

Nokia NetAct orNMS/10Network ManagementSystem


Nokia FlexiHopperOne platform - all frequencies

• 7, 8, 13, 15, 18, 23, 26 and 38 GHz• All as 1+0, 1+1 HSB, space/freq diversity protection

One unit - all capacities• 2x2 - 16x2 Mbit/s radio transmission• Can be selected using the Hopper Manager

Flexbus - single cable interconnections• One cable between IU and OU and between IUs • Fast and reliable

Introduces several innovative features• Automatic fading margin measurement• Software download via Hopper Manager• Transmission and cross-connect integrated

•Proven and reliable platform• Over 100’000 FlexiHopper delivered• High reliability (MTBF for outdoor unit 35 years)• Modular, small and light structure - easy to install


Nokia FlexiHopper Plus

An enhancement to FlexiHopper platform• 7, 8, 13, 15, 15/490, 18, 23, 26 and 38 GHz• new 28 and 32 GHz• available now: 15, 23, 28, 32 and 38 GHZ• See roadmap for availabilities

32 TCM modulation enables doubling the spectrum efficiency

• narrow spectrum - 16x2Mbit/s capacity into 14 MHz frequency channel – currently 28MHz

• capacities 8 x2Mbit/s and 16x2Mbit/s supported

Support of all existing features• All FlexiHopper features• Same antennas, alignment units, mechanics and

indoor units can be used

See the roadmapfor availability


Nokia FlexiHopper Plus

Main benefits

• Possibility to double the current transmission capacity within the existing frequency channel

• Savings in operational costs because of lower frequency bandwidth licence fees

• Better availability of free channels, 14 MHz vs28 MHz

• Selectable modulation and capacity enable optimal and flexible usage of frequency bands

• Built on reliable and proven FlexiHopperplatform with backward compatibility

See the roadmapfor availability

16 x 2 M28

16 x 2 M8 x 2 M14

8 x 2 M4 x 2 M7

2 x 2 M3,5

32 TCMcurrent modulation

channel (MHz)


Easy change of polarisationEasy change of polarisation

Loose parts avoidedLoose parts avoided

Snap on mountableand separate

Snap on mountableand separate

'Snap on' installation'Snap on' installation

Right/left offsetRight/left offset

4.0 - 5.5 kg / 21 x 23 x 12-22 cm4.0 - 5.5 kg / 21 x 23 x 12-22 cm

Radio unitRadio unit

Alignment unitAlignment unitLow profile or compact square antennas

Low profile or compact square antennas

One antenna HSBOne antenna HSB

FlexiHopper (Plus) mechanical construction


Nokia MetroHopperSelf regulating 58GHz frequency band

• Does not require frequency coordination -frequency etiquette

• Efficient frequency re-use in dense networks• Congestion in many PTP frequency bands• MetroHopper the only MW radio for 58GHz

Modern cost efficient product• One product - one configuration - fits all sites• Fast installation, with optical Alignment Tool• Blends well to the metropolitan environment

Innovative technical features• TDD eliminates need for sub-band filters• 100 / 50MHz channel spacing - 10 / 20 RF channels• Capacity 4x2 Mbit/s• Channel Selection Procedure and Commissioning

wizard support fast commissioning


MetroHopper mechanical construction

Integrated Flat panel square antenna

Integrated Flat panel square antenna

Outdoor unitradio sectionOutdoor unitradio section

Alignment unit and mounting bracket

Alignment unit and mounting bracket

Only one equipment variant that includes:

•One man can carry and instal•Weight 3kg•Dimension 255 x 196 x 114 mm3


Nokia Hopper MWR indoor units

Base Station Integrated•Plug-in units that fit directly on to the BTS•E1 interfacing via BTS backplane•Supports two radio outdoor units

Stand-alone •19” or ETSI rack mountable•FIU 19 and FIU 19E•E1 and Ethernet traffic interfaces•Basic unit supports two radio

outdoor units

The same unit supports:•FlexiHopper•FlexiHopper Plus•MetroHopper


FIU 19E Indoor unit

Basic FIU 19E indoor unit with 4x2Mbps add/droppinterface plug-in unit and Ethernet plug-in unit.

Basic FIU 19E indoor unit with 4x2Mbps add/droppinterface plug-in unit and Ethernet plug-in unit.

two Flexbusinterfaces

two Flexbusinterfaces

two Q1managementinterfaces

two Q1managementinterfaces

One 10BaseTSNMP managementinterface

One 10BaseTSNMP managementinterface

two 10/100BaseTEthernet trafficinterfaces

two 10/100BaseTEthernet trafficinterfaces

four E1interfaces

four E1interfaces

Power connectorPower connector

local management portlocal management port

measurement pointmeasurement point


Flexbus & 2Mbit/s cross-connection FIU19(E)

16x2Mbit/s data in serial format - to outdoor unit or to another indoor unit

16x2Mbit/s data in serial format - to outdoor unit or to another indoor unit

2M CrossConnection

One of the 2M cross connection field edges provides up to 16x2 Mbit/s parallel Interfaces

One of the 2M cross connection field edges provides up to 16x2 Mbit/s parallel Interfaces

Three of the 2Mbit/s cross connection field edges are multiplexed to a serial signal

Three of the 2Mbit/s cross connection field edges are multiplexed to a serial signal


Expansion from 4E1 to 16E1 : traditional radio

Cross connectDDFnx2Mbit/s

nx2Mbit/snx2Mbit/s

BTS

nx2Mbit/s

ODU may need to be changedIDU to be

changed/ expanded

DDF to be changed/expanded

Lot of new cables

Cost of expansionEquipment = 50% to 100% of a new hop equipmentWork = 50% to 100% of new hop installationExtra site space = ?

-Site visit is a must, expansion not possible remotely from NMS.

- Downtime for expansion can be significant

- More site space may be required –needs prior technical site surveys

- Site as-built drawings must be revised


Upgrade from 4E1 to 16E1 with Nokia FlexiHopper

nx2Mbit/s

• No change to ODU

• No change in IDU

• No change in DDF & cabling

• Minimal downtime

• No site visit – reconfiguration done remotely

Cost of expansionEquipment = 0Work on site = 0Extra site space = 0

ODU capacity & XC reconfigured

from NMS


Configure it right

Price difference: 18%

16x2

Add/drop 16x216x2

16x2

16x2

Add/drop 4x2

Add/drop 4x2

Add/drop 4x2

Transmission capacity on all hops 16x2 Mbit/sAdd/drop capacity on all sites except one 4x2 Mbit/s

item q-tyFIU 19, 16x2: 6OU 18GHz 6antenna 60cm+ alignment unit 6

FIU 19, 16x2: 1OU 18GHz 6antenna 60cm+ alignment unit 6FIU 19, 4x2: 3


Repeater bus

BTS or Mux

TraditionalMicrowave

Radio

Chaining station


Cross connectDDFnx2Mbit/s

nx2Mbit/s

nx2Mbit/s

nx2Mbit/s

Repeater bus

nx2Mbit/s

Each blue line can be up to 32 separate cables

Branching station

nx2Mbit/s

• Transmission and 2Mbit/s cross- connect Integrated

• One Indoor Unit for three Outdoor Units

Use of separate 2M cables minimised


Protecting FlexiHopper OU and FIU19Protecting FlexiHopper OU

FIU19 provides protection in many options

• OU protection alone• IU & OU protection• 1-antenna HSB

HSB protection

Good standard• From 8x2 capacity OU protected• From 16x2 both OU and IU protected


Easy and fast Ethernet and TDM connections• WLAN access point connections• Broadband access networks• Private networks

Flexible capacity control• Software controllable transmission capacity 4 … 32 Mbit/s• Capacity sharing of Ethernet traffic and E1’s with 2 Mbit/s granularity

LAN solution compatible with• Nokia FlexiHopper - up to 32 Mbit/s - up to 70 km• Nokia MetroHopper - up to 8 Mbit/s - up to 900 m• Indoor Unit FIU 19 E

LAN over Nokia Hoppers


Key features of the LAN solution• Two 10/100baseT Ethernet interfaces in a single plug-in unit• Ethernet traffic transmission over Nokia FlexiHopper and

Nokia MetroHopper• Transparent Ethernet frames bridging over radio hop• Packet filtering based on MAC address learning• Ethernet flow-control support • Link Loss Forwarding (LLF) support• Three operation modes:

• Channel separation• Capacity sharing• Full Switch mode

• Microwave radio network configurations• Single hop mode• 2 OU protection mode


LAN solution operating modes

FIU 19EFIU 19E

EPIUEPIUFB1FB1

FB2FB2

Eth-1Eth-1

Eth-2Eth-2

FIU 19EFIU 19E

EPIUEPIUFB1FB1

FB2FB2

Eth-1Eth-1

Eth-2Eth-2

FIU 19EFIU 19E

EPIUEPIUFB1FB1

FB2FB2

Eth-1Eth-1

Eth-2Eth-2

Channel Separation mode•Two separated channels over two radio hops•Capacity up to 32Mbit/s per Flexbus

Capacity Sharing mode•Two separated channels over one radio hop•Up to 32Mbi/s capacity shared with

granularity of 1/256.

Full Switch mode•Four port Ethernet switch•Capacity up to 32Mbit/s between ports


Capacity sharing between Ethernet and E1’s• Supported in Channel Separation,

Capacity Sharing and Full Switch modes

• One or two radios can be configured for Ethernet traffic

• Dedicated radio capacity for Ethernet data channels and for E1 traffic

• Flexible sharing of radio path capacity

Example of Capacity Sharing mode:• FB1 configured to 16x2Mbit/s mode

• E1 capacity 2 x 2 Mbi/s

• Ethernet traffic capacity 28 Mbit/s

Eth-1 3.28 Mbit/s (30/256 x 28 M)Eth-2 24.72 Mbit/s (226/256 x 28 M)

FIU 19EFIU 19E

EPIUEPIU

FB1FB1

FB2FB2

Eth-1Eth-1

Eth-2Eth-2

4x2M4x2M

XE1’sE1’s


Terminal configurations• Ethernet plug-in unit supports the following terminal configurations

• Single use configuration 1 IU + 1 OU• Protected configurations 1 IU + 2 OU

• Ethernet plug-in unit is always installed to slot_2 in FIU 19E

• The unused slots can be equipped with 4x2M, Aux plug-in unit and Flexbus plug-in unit

• Ethernet plug-in unit can be used in 16 x 2M add-drop configurations with EXU unit


Nokia Q1 for FlexiHopper and MetroHopper

• For FIU 19 and FIU 19E indoor units

• NMS/10 C6.1 with Q1 Agent C2.0

• DCN Adapter C3.0

• LAN connection between NMS/10 and DCNA

• DCNA Q1 polls the radios

Q1 withinradio frame Q1 within

radio frame

DCNA C3.0

Q1 Bus

NMS/10 Management

station

LAN connection


SNMP for FlexiHopper and MetroHopper• Available only with FIU 19E indoor unit

• SNMP interface for Fault and Performance management for 3rd

party NMS systems

• Optimized solution for commercial NMS platforms, e.g HP OpenView

• Reduce network management and DCN management costs

• Easy and flexible DCN handling with IP

IP Routing

External device,

TopologyFile Edit LocateView Help

Mount

431 74371950 79%/

NetworkTraffic Help

IP based DCN LAN/10BaseT

IP RoutingNMS

Router

LAN connection


Nokia Wireless Transmission Roadmap

FlexiHopper Plus• 15, 23, 28, 32, 38 GHz• Dual polarization

Indoor Units:• T4E based EOW

FlexiHopper Plus• 7, 8, 13, 15/490, 15/315, 18, 23/1200, 26 GHz• ROHS compliant• Feature licensing• Hopper DoctorMetroHopper 58 GHz• >1 km hop length• RoHS compliantIndoor Units:•FIU 19E RoHS compliant • IP EOW (service telephone)• OSPF routing for IP DCN• SNMP config. management

20042004

FlexiHopper XC• Capacity range extended

Indoor Units:• Extended capacity indoor unit

2006…20072006…200720052005


Summary• Nokia FlexiHopper (Plus)

• All frequencies 7, 8, 13, 15, 18, 23, 26, 28, 32, 38 GHz• Flexible capacity 2E1/4E1/8E1/16E1• Flexible Ethernet nx2 Mbit/s + nxE1• Flexible modulation 4-state or 16-state• Remotely managed cross-connection• SNMP or Nokia Q1

• All required features• HSB, Space diversity, Frequency Diversity• Service Telephone (EOW)• Automatic fading margin measurement• FEC and interleaving• ALCQ – auto level control with quality measures

• High reliability• MTBF 35 years for outdoor unit,

110 years for indoor unit

• Nokia MetroHopper• Simple, easy to install, 4x2 Mbit/s• For short hops, 700 m in Europe

05 Microwave Radios

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