How to Improve Bone Density Naturally with Diet and Exercises – My Personal Experience
0495808652 282842
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Transcript of 0495808652 282842
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Correctional Issues
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Reentry into the Community
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Most Inmates Eventually Released into Society
Over three-fourths will be on parole
Parole
▪ Grace or privilege
▪ Contract of consent
▪ Custody
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Number of Adults under Parole Supervision, 1980-2007.
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Maconochie
Classification procedure
▪ Strict imprisonment
▪ Labor on chain gangs
▪ Freedom within a limited area
▪ Ticket-of-leave or parole with conditional pardon
▪ Full restoration of liberty
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Crofton
Progress through prison and ticket-of-leave linked
Parole included a series of conditions
▪ Report monthly to police
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United States
Brockway
▪ Elmira Reformatory
Indeterminate sentencing followed by parole
U.S. Board of Parole
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Methods of Release from State Prison
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Discretionary Release
Mandatory Release
Probation Release
Reinstatement Release
Other Conditional Releases
Expiration Release
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Procedure Eligibility ▪ Sentence
▪ Statutory criteria
▪ Conduct prior to incarceration
▪ Often minimum sentence minus good time
▪ Parole board discretion
▪ One-third to one-half of the maximum sentence
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Release Criteria Normally include at least eight factors▪ Offense▪ Prior criminal record▪ Attitudes▪ Institutional adjustment/participation/progress▪ History of community adjustment▪ Physical, mental, and emotional health▪ Insight into causes of past criminal conduct▪ Adequacy of parole plan
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Release Criteria
Discretionary
▪ Moral judgments
▪ Culpability
▪ Adequacy of sentence
▪ DNA
▪ Legal and ethical issues
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Structuring Parole Decisions
Parole guidelines
Three criteria
▪ Substantial observance of institutional rules
▪ Release will not devalue seriousness of offense or promote disrespect for the law
▪ Release will not jeopardize public welfare
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The Impact of Release Mechanisms
Shorten a sentence
Encourages plea bargaining
Mitigates the harshness of the penal code
Reduce prison populations
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Second Chance Act of 2007 Provides federal grants to states and communities to support reentry initiatives ▪ Employment
▪ Housing
▪ substance abuse
▪ Mental health treatment
▪ Children and family services
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Community Supervision
Conditions of release
▪ Abstain from alcohol
▪ Stay away from undesirable associates
▪ maintain good work habits
▪ Do not leave the community without permission
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Revocation Parole can be revoked for two reasons▪ Committing a new crime
▪ Violating conditions of parole
In practice▪ Usually requires persistent non-compliance or
▪ Arrest on a serious charge
Supreme Court requirements
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Revocation Percentage of Prison Admissions Who are Parole Violators
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Parole Officer Surveillance▪ Restriction▪ Enforcement▪ Revocation
Assistance▪ Jobs▪ Families▪ Human service agencies
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The Strangeness of Reentry
Changes
Unfamiliar freedomSupervision and Surveillance
Not really free
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The Problem of Unmet Personal Needs Education
Money
Job
Drug and alcohol problems
Mental health
Housing
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Barriers to Success
Employment
▪ Conviction viewed as untrustworthy ▪ Statutory bars
▪ Expungement
▪ Pardon
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Barriers to Success Civil disabilities ▪ Right to vote and hold public office
▪ “War on Drugs”▪ Access to public assistance and food stamps
▪ Living in public housing
▪ Having a driver’s license
▪ Being a foster parent or adopting children
▪ Receiving student loans
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Four Factors
Get substance abuse under control.
Get a job.
Develop a support group of family and friends.
Get a sense of “who I am.”
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Reentry Courts Judicial supervision Emphasis on involvement of judicial and correctional officials in ▪ Prerelease needs of prisoner▪ Linkages to family▪ Social services▪ Housing▪ Employment