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Answers—RonaldWantsToKnow:planets,crash,rock,orbits,telescopes,earth
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Did You Know?
Words To Know(FamousAsteroids)433 Eros1 Ceres
4 Vesta2060 Chiron3200 Phaethon1862 Apollo
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Asteroid Facts
The Asteroid Belt
Asteroids are small, rocky bodiesthat have been left over from the forma-tion of the planets 4.5 billion years ago.They are often known as “minor plan-ets.”
There are thought to be billions ofthese chunks of rock. Most of them liein a doughnut-shaped “main belt“between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.On the inner edge of this main belt,asteroids take about three years to orbitthe sun. Those near the outer limit ofthe main belt take twice as long.
The word “asteroid“ means “star-like,“ They were given this namebecause they can only be seen aspoints of light in most telescopes. Bythe early 20th century, astronomerswere calling them the “vermin of theskies.“ They were visible in such largenumbers that they were spoiling photo-graphs of distant galaxies and nebulas.
The largest of the asteroids, Ceres,was the first to be discovered. It wasfound by Giuseppi Piazzi from Palermo,Sicily, on Jan. 1, 1801.
A second minor planet – Pallas –was found by Wilhelm Olbers in 1802.
This was followed by Juno (1804) andVesta (1807). Since 1847, not a year
has passed without the discovery of atleast one asteroid.
Asteroids
Asteroid 243 Ida and its newlydiscovered moon, Dactyl
Asteroids come in many shapesand sizes
• Asteroids are small solar system bodiesthat orbit the Sun. Made of rock and metal,they also can contain organic compounds(some scientists suggest that asteroidscould have brought they necessary chemi-cals to start life on Earth).
• Asteroids are similar to comets but do nothave a visible coma (fuzzy outline and tail)like comets do.
• Asteroids also are known as planetoids orminor planets.
• Asteroids vary greatly in size, some fea-ture diameters as small as ten meters whileothers stretch out over hundreds of kilome-ters. Note that objects under 10 meters indiameter are generally regarded as mete-oroids.
• The first asteroid was discovered in 1801by Italian astronomer Giuseppe Piazzi.Named Ceres, it features a diameter of
around 950 kilometers and is now regardedas a dwarf planet. Ceres was given dwarfplanet status in 2006, along with Pluto, Eris,Makemake and Haumea.
• The asteroid belt lies roughly between theorbits of Mars and Jupiter in the solar sys-tem. It is home to a large amount of irregu-lar shaped asteroids that range in size fromdust through to the dwarf planet Ceres.
• The technology used for discovering aster-oids has improved dramatically since origi-nal discoveries and astronomers now haveaccess to a range of powerful telescopes toaid in their research and discoveries.
• It is believed by many scientists andresearchers that an asteroid impact was thecause behind the extinction of the dinosaursaround 65 million years ago.
• The possibility of an asteroid colliding withEarth has received increased attention over
recent years. The Shoemaker-Levy cometthat collided with Jupiter in 1994 were givenwidespread media coverage and Hollywoodalso played its part with moves such asDeep Impact (1998) and Armageddon(1998).While these movies sometimes fea-tured dubious science, they certainlyincreased public awareness of the topic.
• There now are many groups and organiza-tions that use automated systems to discov-er near Earth asteroids.While many are dis-covered, they rarely have the potential tocross paths with Earth.
• There have been many ideas suggestedas ways to avoid the unlikely but potentiallydevastating impact of an asteroid collisionwith Earth, these include using nuclearexplosions to break the asteroid into smallerpieces or other weapons to deflect it offcourse.
Asteroids are rocky or metallic objects, most of which orbit the sun in theasteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. A few asteroids approach the sun.
Read the sentences below to learn about three asteroids that were named after famouspeople. Conduct an Internet search to find out who these people were. Use the informationto complete the sentences.1. The asteroid 3352 McAuliffe is named after Christa McAuliffe, who was ______________________________________________________________________________________2. The asteroid 2266 Tchaikovsky is named after a Russian music composer who ________________________________________________________________________________3. The asteroid 2578 Saint-Exupéry is named after Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, who ______________________________________________________________________________