04060101 Soil Fertility Improvement
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Transcript of 04060101 Soil Fertility Improvement
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SOIL FERTILITY IMPROVEMENTDepartment of Agriculture
In – Service Training 30th May 2012
Valentine Michelo
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CONTENT
1. TYPICAL SOIL PROFILE
2. WHAT IS SOIL FERTILITY?
3. QUALITIES OF A GOOD SOIL
4. SOIL DEGRADATION
5. FACTORS LIMITING GROWTH IN PLANTS
6. METHODS OF IMPROVING SOIL FERTILITY
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Typical Soil Profile
A Horizon (Top Soil)
B Horizon (Sub Soil)
C Horizon (Parent Material)
Bed Rock
25 cm
75 cm
100 cm
Litter
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What is Soil Fertility?Capacity of soils to supply essential plant
nutrients (plant food)in amounts and forms that a plant can easily take them up.
A physically, chemically and biologically good soil medium is required for easy nutrient uptake by plants from the soil.
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Qualities of a Fertile Soil
Deep Enough for easy Root Penetration.
Good structure for aeration, drainage.
Favourable soil reaction (pH). For most crops a pH range of 5.5 – 6.5 is acceptable).
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Qualities of a Fertile Soil
Have good supply of available & reserve plant nutrients
Able to store Soluble Nutrients
Contain Sufficient Organic Matter(SOM)
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What is meant by Soil Degradation?
A situation where productivity of the soil declines.
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Results of Soil Degradation
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Causes of Soil Degradation..
Permanent Flooding
Prolonged Heat (“Kills” the soil)
Physical disturbance
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Causes of Soil Degradation(Cont..)
Leaching
Nutrient removal through Harvests
Soil Erosion
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HEALTHY SOILS
Fertile soils contain small living Plants & Animals ( Bacteria, Fungi, Worms etc).
Earth worms
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Factors Limiting Growth in Plants
1• pH (Soil Reaction).
2• Light
3• Atmosphere(Oxygen, Carbon
dioxide & Humidity)
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Factors Limiting Growth in Plants(Contd..)
4• Temperature
5• Nutrients/”Plant Food”
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Methods of Improving Soil Fertility
1. Agro forestry
2. Biological Nitrogen Fixation(BNF)
3. Use of Artificial (Inorganic) Fertilizers
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Drawbacks of Artificial Fertilizers Excess easily leached out of the soilRequire Adequate knowhow:
What to apply, Amounts to apply, How to apply, Timing of application.
Expensive & May Not be AvailableContain No Organic Matter
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Methods of Improving Soil Fertility(Contd..)
4. Use of Organic Fertilizers/Manures(Plant & Animal Material)
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Organic Fertilizers/Manures
1
•Farm Yard Manure(FYM)
2
•Green Manures/Improved Fallows
3
•Crop Residues
4
•Mulching
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CONCLUSIONSUse of Soil Fertility Improvement techniques
will NOT IN ITSELF raise yields. Other Practices also need to be applied:
Improved SeedGood Farm PreparationRecommended SpacingEarly PlantingPest & Weed ControlAvailability of Adequate Rains & Water for
Irrigation
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The End. Thank You..