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4.05.02 Basic Information: Demography/Population

Note: This Information Product is a first attempt to provide guidance inpreparing the information needed for the CLUP. As more knowledge is

gathered, the IP will be updated. Likewise, updates may be required dueto new or changing land-use policies. In addition, data will continuouslybe prepared by the custodians, which may require updates. For the latestupdate, please check HLURB Homepage: http://www.hlurb.gov.ph/ orcontact HLURB: telephone +632 927 2698

Step 1: Provide a Background and Identify the Objectives of the GISAnalysis

The most important set of information for planning pertains to demography/population. Population is the basis for determining the level of public services likeschools, health centers, housing, welfare services, recreational facilities, power,and water supply. Population creates local demand for goods and services and

thus affects the level of economic activities that can sustain their viable existence inthe area. The size of the present and projected population is also an importantinput to assessing housing adequacy and calculating future housing demand. Itlikewise serves as a guide for allocating land for various uses.

Various public facilities and services cater to specific segments of the population.Therefore, the objective of the GIS analysis is to process and present populationdata that must regard population in its totality as well as break it down intomeaningful units like age, sex, occupation, etc. Certain patterns of populationclustering and differentiation hold the key to understanding observed differences inconsumption tastes and preferences, political beliefs, and social behavior. Forcomparison, it is therefore important that the population can be described with the

distribution among barangays.

Step 2: Identify the Indicators to Evaluate Objective Fulfillment

These are examples of useful indicators:

Population SizeIf estimates about the population in a particular year other than a census year are

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desired, projection is resorted to. For this purpose, the NSO has preparedpopulation projections by municipality/city and by province over 20-30 years, usinglow, medium and high assumptions.

To draw a sharper picture of the population size of the city/municipality, it has to becompared with that of larger areas like the district or the province. The proportion ofthe municipalities/cities population to that of the larger area is expressed as aproportion or percentage. Similarly, the population size and relative share of eachbarangay to the total municipal population should be presented. Also, wheneveravailable, urban (barangay) and rural (barangay) population shares to totalmunicipal population should be shown.

Age-Sex DistributionThis is a very important set of information especially in the planning of specificsocial services and facilities. Specific age groups represent a demand for certainservices. For example, dependent age (0-14, 65 and above) would require

specialized health services and facilities; school age groups (3-6, pre-school; 7-12,elementary; 13-16, secondary) with school facilities; labor force (15-64) will have tobe provided with jobs; or, females of reproductive age (10-45) may be the target offamily planning programs. The age-sex distribution is usually presented in a bargraph that is as symmetrical as a pyramid. Any observed deformation of thesymmetry could be explained in terms of the economic and/or social structure ofthe municipality/city. An example of this deformation is when there is a middlebulge on the side of the females. This indicates that there is an incidence of largefemale migrant labor, which may be explained by the existence of garmentfactories in the locality. The population pyramid provides, among others, a quickdescription of the relative size of the male and female population by age groups.

The pyramid shows whether a population is predominantly young or old. At aglance the analyst is able to say whether the population of a particularmunicipality/city is expansive (where large numbers are in the younger ages),constructive (where a smaller number are in the younger age), or stationary (whereroughly equal numbers of people are found in all age groups with slight tapering offin the older ages). The shape of the pyramid also indicates the fertility character ofthe population. In general, the broader the base of the pyramid, the higher is thefertility; conversely, a narrower base indicates a declining fertility.

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Graph 3. POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY AGE GROUP

AND GENDER IN ORMOC CITY

CY 1995 vs. CY 1990

10000 5000 0 5000 10000

Under 1

1 - 4

5 - 9

10 - 14

15 - 19

20 - 24

25 - 29

30 - 34

35 - 39

40 - 44

45 - 49

50 - 54

55 - 59

60 - 64

65 - 69

70 - 74

75 - 79

80 - 84

85 and over

AGEGROUP

POPULATION

NO. OF MALES 1990

NO. OF MALES 1995

NO. OF FEMALES 1990

NO. OF FEMALES 1995

Males Females

Source: City Planning and Development Office

Household and FamilyThe smallest social unit is the family or the household. The NSO defines ahousehold as consisting of a person living alone or a group of persons who sleepin the same housing unit and have a common arrangement for the preparation andconsumption of food. A family, on the other hand, is a group of persons living in

the same household related by blood, marriage or adoption. For comparisonpurposes it is recommended to use household in the CLUP data.

Housing UnitA housing unit is a structurally separate and independent place of abode which, bythe way it has been constructed, converted or arranged is intended for habitationby one household. Structures or parts of structures which are not intended forhabitation such as commercial, industrial, and cultural buildings or natural andman-made shelters such as caves, boats, abandoned trucks, culverts, and others,but which are used as living quarters by households.

Population Distribution and Urbanization

One characteristic of the population that has great implications on planning is thepattern of its distribution over the municipal territory. An indicator of populationdistribution is gross population density by barangay, which is expressed as thenumber of persons per unit of land area usually in hectares or square kilometers.However, there are portions of the municipal territory which are not habitable.Therefore some refinements are introduced like net population density which is theratio of the population to total area of arable lands. An arable land, for convenience,

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is the total area of lands classified as alienable and disposable.

Another indicator of population distribution is the extent of urbanization. This isconsistent with the morphology (internal structure) of most Philippine

municipalities/cities characterized by a compact urban area (poblacion) andscattered villages (barrios).

Many villages have grown over the years and it is common nowadays to find ruralbarangays/barrios which have larger populations than urban barangays/poblacions and are as urbanized. NSO defines urban areas as:

1. a barangay that has a population size of 5,000 or more, or2. a barangay has at least one establishment with a minimum of 100

employees, or3. a barangay has 5 or more establishments with a minimum of 10 employees,

and 5 or more facilities within the two-kilometer radius from the barangay

hall. (Source: NSCB Resolution No. 9, Series of 2003)

Population Growth and Population ProjectionsThis is expressed as the change in the population size between two points in time.By determining the growth rates for each of the census periods (1903, 1918, 1939,1948, 1960, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, 1995 and 2000) and plotting these on agraph, a growth trend can be shown. This trend is then compared with similarobservations in other municipalities/cities of the province or the province itself for abetter appreciation of the behavior of the population of a particular locality.

Projecting the size of the future population is not an exact science, despite the useof mathematical formulas and operations. Be that as it may, an estimate of the

size of the future population, whether in total or by component parts, is essentialinformation in any planning exercise. It indicates, among other things, the amountof goods and services that must be provided as well as of resources that will haveto be utilized to maintain or reach a certain level of acceptable human well-being.

Step 3: Create the Database

Attributes

The following attribute tables may be used for this sector. Those in bold are usedin the examples.

BI02 Historical Growth of PopulationBI03 Population Composition by School-Going, Working and DependentAge-Group, Year YYYYBI04 Population, Household, Density by Barangay, Year YYYYBI05 Population by Age-Group and Gender, Year YYYYBI06 Employment Status by Population 15 Years and Over by Gender, Year YYYYBI07 Oversea Workers for the Past 5 Years from Year YYYY

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BI08 Tempo and Level of Urbanization for the Past 20 YearsBI09 Population Density by Barangay, Year YYYYBI10 Population by Mother Tongue, Year YYYYBI11 Population by Religious Affiliation, Year YYYY

BI12 Population Projection by Barangay ,Year YYYYBI13 Population and Household Projections

The Custodian of sector data is the MPDO/CPDO. The data provider is the NSO.

The following steps need to be taken to get access the data:

Letter of Request to .orPrimary Survey: Visit somebody

Time to get the data is estimated to about .. weeks.

Spatial

The common denominator will be the barangayThe feature type will be polygon.

Time to prepare the data is about (Hard to define?)

Step 4: Analyze the Data SYMBOL

The population datais important and will be used in a number of cross-analyseswithin each Planning Sector.

The demography will also be used to show the population profile of themunicipality/city as described in Step Two.

Step 5: Present the Data

Thedemographic analysis layers will be put on top of the Base Map. The examplebelow shows that two rural barangays have much higher density than average andshould qualify as urban barangays according to NSOs classification.

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The map below shows how the 4 major age groups are distributed by Barangay.