UMTS Coverage EstimationZTE University

ContentLink BudgetCoverage Scale EstimationUTRAN Coverage Solutions

Perfect solution: the balance among coverage, capacity and quality.Dimension estimationUMTS radio network dimension estimation is a process of calculating amount and configuration of equipment based on the goal of coverage, capacity and quality.

EnquiryAnalysesSurveyBuild ModelSimulationRequirement AnalysesSite SurveySite AllocationSystem Simulation and AuthenticationPropagation Model TestPropagation Model calibrationCapability EstimationOutput Planning ReportSite SelectionRadio Network Planning Flow

Estimation based on coverage and capacityDetermine the number of Node B according to coverageUplink coverage, downlink coverageCoverage radius of cellsAccount required Node B numberDetermine the number of Node B according to users capacityUplink capacity, downlink capacitythe number of users supported per cellAccount required Node B numberTake the bigger value between the two.

Link Budget and ModelsSimply, link budget is to perform accounting on all losses and gains on a communication link. Definition: Estimate the system coverage capability by reviewing and analyzing all kinds of influence factors in the propagation path of forward and reverse signals, and obtain the maximum propagation loss allowed on the link under certain call qualities.PA Feeder lossPropagation lossAntenna gainPenetration lossNodeB sensitivityShadow marginHuman body lossUE power

Transmitting PowerThe NodeB transmitting power is a system parameter, different for individual services. It shall be determined in accordance with service type and service coverage. The maximum transmitting power of NodeB is 43 dBm. The power of the dedicated channel (DCH) accounts for 63% of the total power.

Transmitting PowerTS25.101 stipulates the UEs in four power levels

During link budget, it is generally taken to 21 dBm for voice service and 24 dBm for data service (supported by a small number of UEs). At present it is taken to 21 dBm uniformly.

Power ClassNominal Maximum Output PowerTolerance1+33 dBm+1/-3 dB2+27 dBm+1/-3 dB3+24 dBm+1/-3 dB4+21 dBm 2 dB

Receiver SensitivitySensitivity = kTB + NF + Eb/No PGkT is the level of hot noise (dBm/Hz)B is the bandwidth of the UMTS carrier frequency (Hz)NF is the noise figure (dB)Eb/No is the required bit S/N ratioPG is the processing gain (dB)

Receiver Sensitivity

Thermal NoiseEnvironment hot noise power spectrum densityN=KTB/B=KTK= 1.380650*10E-23 Boltzmanns constantT: absolute temperature=Celsius temperature+273.15B: Receiver bandwidth, the bandwidth for UMTS system is 3.84MHz ,Usually is -174dBm/Hz

Noise FigureThe noise figure of the receiver is the noise introduced by receiver during processing. It equals to the ratio of input signal/noise to the output signal/noise:F=(Si/Ni)/(So/No)NF10logFNode B: 3~5dBUE: 5~7dB

Quality FactorsEb/No bit energy/noise spectrum density. The value of Eb/No relates to:the service typemoving speedencode/decode algorithmantenna diversity typepower controlmulti-path environmentPower spectrumRequiredEb/NoSubscriber 1NoiseSubscriber 2Subscriber 3

Quality FactorsEb/No is related to the service type, moving speed, coding/decoding algorithm, antenna diversify, power control, and multi-path environmentEb/No Values Under Different Channel Environments in 3GPP

Static propagation conditionMulti-path channel 1Multi-path channel 2

Channel Rate (kbit/s)Required Error Block RateRecommended Value by 3GPP12.2

Processing GainProcessing gain = Chip rate/Bit rate (PG = W/R)Different services have different processing gains. As a result, their service coverage is different. PG = 25dBVoice 12.2 kbpsData 64 kbpsData 384 kbpsNodeBPG = 18dBPG = 10dB

Antenna GainNodeB antenna gainDuring link budget, suppose the directional antenna gain of the NodeB to 17 dBi and the omni-directional receiving antenna gain to 11 dBi. In practice, different antennas can be selected in accordance with different region types and coverage requirements. UE antenna gainThe UE antenna gain is 0 dBi.

Soft Handover GainSoft handover gain indicates the gain to overcome slow fading. When the mobile equipment is located in the soft handover region, multiple wireless links of soft handover receive signals at the same time, which decreases the requirement for the shadow fading margin.Macro diversity gain

Body lossWhen the handset is positioned at users waist or shoulder, the received signal will be 4~7dB or 1~2 dB lower than the value when it is positioned several wavelengths away from the body. Usually the value is 3dB.

Penetration lossThe penetration loss of buildings refers to the attenuation of radio waves when they pass through the outer structure of buildings. It equals the difference between field-strength medians in and out of a building. It is related to the material and thickness of buildings.

Feeder LossFor a feeder of 30-40 meters long, suppose the total feeder loss to 4 dB (including the connector loss) during link budget.For a feeder of 40-50 meters long, suppose the total feeder loss to 5 dB (including the connector loss) during link budget. The feeder loss may decrease the NodeB receiving level and shorten the coverage radius. Tower amplifiers can be used to compensate the feeder loss on the uplink.

Radio Propagation Characteristics

Shadow Fading MarginThe shadow fading complies with lognormal distribution. Its value is related to the sector edge communication probability and shadow fading standard deviation, while the latter is related to the electromagnetic wave propagation environment. In the radio space propagation, the path loss of any a given distance changes rapidly and the path loss value can be regarded as a random variable in conformity with lognormal distribution. In the case of network design in accordance with the average path loss, the loss value of points at the cell edge shall be larger than the path loss median for 50% of time period, and smaller than the median for the left 50% of time period. That is, the edge coverage probability of the cell is 50% only. To improve coverage probability of the cell, it is necessary to reserve the fading margin during link budget.

Shadow Fading MarginSuppose the random variable of propagation loss to , the average value to m, and the standard deviation to .Set a loss threshold .When < , the signals can meet the demodulation requirement of expected service qualities.The edge coverage probability equal to or larger than 75% can be represented as:

For the outdoor environment, the standard deviation of the random variable of propagation loss is always taken to 8 dB. The corresponding shadow fading margin is:

Shadow Fading Margin=8

Demand analysis

Scale estimation

Preplanning emulation

Site survey

Propagation model test

Propagation model correction

Site selection

Planning analysis

Site preference

Parameter planning

Compliant with customer requirements

Export network planning design report

Downtown area

Urban area

Suburb area

Railway

Type

Scope

Area (km2)

User Quantity (10 thousand)

Downtown area

Urban area

Suburb area

Downtown areaYuexiu District, Liwan District, Dongshan District, west to Huanan Thruway Trunk Line in Tianhe District and northwest of Haizhu District

Around Baiyun airdrome, Fangcun District, east of Haizhu District, east to Huanan Thruway Trunk Line in Tianhe District, Huangpu District and Fanyu city bridge

North of Baiyun District, north of Huangpu District and areas except city bridge in Fanyu

367.65 (44.2 for Fanyu city bridge)

Area user distribution (10 thousand)

Downtown area

Urban area

Suburb area

Coverage

Service Type

Coverage Ratio

Downtown area

Urban area

Suburb area

Data Service User Distribution Feature

Downtown Area

Urban Area

Suburb Area

Low-end user proportion

Middle-range user proportion

High-end user proportion

Total

Downtown area

Urban area

Suburb area

Total

Service Type

Voice

Video phone

Web browse

Picture and ringtone download

Video stream

MMS

Bear Rate

Service Type

CoS

Congestion ratio:

Service Type

Traffic

Throughput

Voice

Video phone

BS environment pictures and surrounding environment description

North

Northeast

Nearest BS information

BS name

BS name

BS name

BS name

Distance

Distance

Distance

Distance

Direction angle

Direction angle

Direction angle

Direction angle

Remarks

Remarks

Remarks

Remarks

Site availability evaluation

There is place for installing antenna feeder

Is there transmission or not

Is there available equipment room/place

Is there power supply and grounding point

A data service process of a user

A data service process of a user

Data call(session) www

Data call(session) www

Click web page

Click next page

Click next page

Send/Receive E-mail

Web page download

Web page download

Web page download

Web page download

Web page download

Next web page download

Call setup

Call release

Path loss

Distance

Noise increasing[dB]

Stable area

Quasi-stable area

Unstable area

Load

Accumulated normal probability distribution

Median

Deviation with median signal m

Demand analysis

Scale estimation

Preplanning emulation

Site survey

Propagation model test

Propagation model correction

Site selection

Planning analysis

Site preference

Parameter planning

Compliant with customer requirements

Export network planning design report

Downtown area

Urban area

Suburb area

Railway

Type

Scope

Area (km2)

User Quantity (10 thousand)

Downtown area

Urban area

Suburb area

Downtown areaYuexiu District, Liwan District, Dongshan District, west to Huanan Thruway Trunk Line in Tianhe District and northwest of Haizhu District

Around Baiyun airdrome, Fangcun District, east of Haizhu District, east to Huanan Thruway Trunk Line in Tianhe District, Huangpu District and Fanyu city bridge

North of Baiyun District, north of Huangpu District and areas except city bridge in Fanyu

367.65 (44.2 for Fanyu city bridge)

Area user distribution (10 thousand)

Downtown area

Urban area

Suburb area

Coverage

Service Type

Coverage Ratio

Downtown area

Urban area

Suburb area

Data Service User Distribution Feature

Downtown Area

Urban Area

Suburb Area

Low-end user proportion

Middle-range user proportion

High-end user proportion

Total

Downtown area

Urban area

Suburb area

Total

Service Type

Voice

Video phone

Web browse

Picture and ringtone download

Video stream

MMS

Bear Rate

Service Type

CoS

Congestion ratio:

Service Type

Traffic

Throughput

Voice

Video phone

BS environment pictures and surrounding environment description

North

Northeast

Nearest BS information

BS name

BS name

BS name

BS name

Distance

Distance

Distance

Distance

Direction angle

Direction angle

Direction angle

Direction angle

Remarks

Remarks

Remarks

Remarks

Site availability evaluation

There is place for installing antenna feeder

Is there transmission or not

Is there available equipment room/place

Is there power supply and grounding point

A data service process of a user

A data service process of a user

Data call(session) www

Data call(session) www

Click web page

Click next page

Click next page

Send/Receive E-mail

Web page download

Web page download

Web page download

Web page download

Web page download

Next web page download

Call setup

Call release

Path loss

Distance

Noise increasing[dB]

Stable area

Quasi-stable area

Unstable area

Load

Accumulated normal probability distribution

Median

Deviation with median signal m

Normal distribution probability density function

Standard deviation

Threshold

Propagation loss

Shadow Fading Margin

Demand analysis

Scale estimation

Preplanning emulation

Site survey

Propagation model test

Propagation model correction

Site selection

Planning analysis

Site preference

Parameter planning

Compliant with customer requirements

Export network planning design report

Downtown area

Urban area

Suburb area

Railway

Type

Scope

Area (km2)

User Quantity (10 thousand)

Downtown area

Urban area

Suburb area

Downtown areaYuexiu District, Liwan District, Dongshan District, west to Huanan Thruway Trunk Line in Tianhe District and northwest of Haizhu District

Around Baiyun airdrome, Fangcun District, east of Haizhu District, east to Huanan Thruway Trunk Line in Tianhe District, Huangpu District and Fanyu city bridge

North of Baiyun District, north of Huangpu District and areas except city bridge in Fanyu

367.65 (44.2 for Fanyu city bridge)

Area user distribution (10 thousand)

Downtown area

Urban area

Suburb area

Coverage

Service Type

Coverage Ratio

Downtown area

Urban area

Suburb area

Data Service User Distribution Feature

Downtown Area

Urban Area

Suburb Area

Low-end user proportion

Middle-range user proportion

High-end user proportion

Total

Downtown area

Urban area

Suburb area

Total

Service Type

Voice

Video phone

Web browse

Picture and ringtone download

Video stream

MMS

Bear Rate

Service Type

CoS

Congestion ratio:

Service Type

Traffic

Throughput

Voice

Video phone

BS environment pictures and surrounding environment description

North

Northeast

Nearest BS information

BS name

BS name

BS name

BS name

Distance

Distance

Distance

Distance

Direction angle

Direction angle

Direction angle

Direction angle

Remarks

Remarks

Remarks

Remarks

Site availability evaluation

There is place for installing antenna feeder

Is there transmission or not

Is there available equipment room/place

Is there power supply and grounding point

A data service process of a user

A data service process of a user

Data call(session) www

Data call(session) www

Click web page

Click next page

Click next page

Send/Receive E-mail

Web page download

Web page download

Web page download

Web page download

Web page download

Next web page download

Call setup

Call release

Path loss

Distance

Noise increasing[dB]

Stable area

Quasi-stable area

Unstable area

Load

Accumulated normal probability distribution

Median

Deviation with median signal m

Normal distribution probability density function

Standard deviation

Threshold

Propagation loss

Shadow fading margin (dB)

Edge coverage probability

Power control marginfast attenuation marginUse to overcome the power control variation range of fast fading (Rayleigh fading). The fast power control margin in walking speed is 2.0~5.0dB, in high moving speed is about 0 dB.

Interference MarginInterference reserve, Noise Rise LimitUMTS is a self-interfered system whose coverage is closely related to the capacity. It is represented as interference margin in the link budget.Typical value: 1~3dB, according to load between 20~50% (uplink).

Interference MarginCoverage, Capacity and Stability

Capacity increasesSystem unstable

Uplink Budget Process

Parameter.SymbolProcedureTx Power (dBm) ATx Antenna Gain (dBi) BTx Body Loss (dB) CTx Feeder Loss (dB) DTx EIRP (dBm) EE=A+B-C-DThermal Noise Density (dBm/Hz) FThermal Noise (dBm) GG=F+10*LOG(3840000)Receiver Noise Figure (dB) HReceiver Noise (dBm) II=G+HInterference Margin (dB) JBitRate (kbps) KProcess Gain (dB) LL=10*LOG(3840/K)Required Eb/No (dB) MReceiver Sensitivity (dBm) NN=I+J-L+MRx Antenna Gain (dBi) ORx Feeder Loss (dB) PRx Body Loss (dB) QPower control headroom (dB) RSoft Handover Gain (dB) SShadow Fading Margin (dB) TPenetration Loss(dB)UMax Allowable Path Loss (dB) VV=E-N+O-P-Q-R+S-T-U

Uplink/Downlink BalanceThe downlink cell radius is related to the number of subscribers in the cell, the location and services of the subscriber. The downlink is usually limited by the capacity. When the load of the cell increases, the condition of limited downlink may occur. The balance between the uplink and downlink needs the help of planning software for iterative calculation.

R99 Uplink Link Budget Example

CS12.2KCS64KPS64KTXTx Power [dBm]21.00 21.00 21.00 Antenna Gain [dBi]0.00 0.00 0.00 Body Loss [dB]3.00 0.00 0.00 Feeder Loss [dB]0.00 0.00 0.00 EIRP [dBm]18.00 21.00 21.00 RXThermal Noise Density [dMm/HZ]-174.00 -174.00 -174.00 Thermal Noise [dBm]-108.16 -108.16 -108.16 Receiver Noise Figure [dB]2.20 2.20 2.20 Receiver Noise [dBm]-105.96 -105.96 -105.96 Bit Rate [kbit/s]12.2 64 64 Process Gain [dB]24.98 17.78 17.78 Required Eb/No [dB]4.20 2.70 1.60 Receiver Sensitivity [dBm]-126.74 -121.04 -122.14 Interference Margin [dB]3.01 3.01 3.01 Antenna Gain [dBi]18.00 18.00 18.00 Feeder Loss [dB]2.80 2.80 2.80 Body Loss [dB]0.00 0.00 0.00 MarginPower control headroom [dB]2.00 2.00 2.00 Soft Handover Gain [dB]3.00 3.00 3.00 Shadow Fading Margin [dB]8.70 8.70 8.70 Penetration Loss [dB]20.00 20.00 20.00 Max Allowable Outdoor Path Loss [dB]149.23 146.53 147.63 Outdoor Coverage Cell Raius [km]1.74 1.45 1.56 Max Allowable Indoor Path Loss [dB]129.23 126.53 127.63 Indoor Coverage Cell Raius [km]0.47 0.39 0.42

R99 Down Link Budget Example

CS12.2KCS64KPS64KPS128KPS384KPCPICHTXTx Power [dBm]33.00 33.00 33.00 35.00 38.00 33.00 Antenna Gain [dBi]18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 Body Loss [dB]0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Feeder Loss [dB]2.80 2.80 2.80 2.80 2.80 2.80 EIRP [dBm]48.20 48.20 48.20 50.20 53.20 48.20 RXThermal Noise Density [dMm/HZ]-174.00 -174.00 -174.00 -174.00 -174.00 -90.00 Thermal Noise [dBm]-108.16 -108.16 -108.16 -108.16 -108.16 Receiver Noise Figure [dB]7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 Receiver Noise [dBm]-101.16 -101.16 -101.16 -101.16 -101.16 Bit Rate [kbit/s]12.2 64 64 128 384 Process Gain [dB]24.98 17.78 17.78 14.77 10.00 Required Eb/No [dB]7.50 5.20 4.80 4.50 4.30 Receiver Sensitivity [dBm]-118.64 -113.74 -114.14 -111.43 -106.86 Interference Margin [dB]6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 Antenna Gain [dBi]0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Feeder Loss [dB]0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Body Loss [dB]3.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MarginPower control headroom [dB]2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 0.00 Soft Handover Gain [dB]3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 0.00 Shadow Fading Margin [dB]8.70 8.70 8.70 8.70 8.70 8.70 Penetration Loss [dB]20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 Max Allowable Outdoor Path Loss [dB]150.14 148.24 148.64 147.93 146.36 123.50 Outdoor Coverage Cell Raius [km]1.84 1.63 1.67 1.59 1.44 0.32 Max Allowable Indoor Path Loss [dB]130.14 128.24 128.64 127.93 126.36 Indoor Coverage Cell Raius [m]0.50 0.44 0.45 0.43 0.39

HSDPA Link budgetCell edge coverage bit rate decide the cell radiusDemodulation threshold is Es/NoWithout soft handover and fast power control, so the Power control headroom and soft handover gain is zeroBody loss is Zero.

HSDPA Downlink budget Example

PS128KPS384KHSDPATXTx Power [dBm]35.00 38.00 37.00Antenna Gain [dBi]18.00 18.00 18.00 Body Loss [dB]0.00 0.00 0.00 Feeder Loss [dB]2.80 2.80 2.80 EIRP [dBm]50.20 53.20 52.19 RXThermal Noise Density [dMm/HZ]-174.00 -174.00 -174.00 Thermal Noise [dBm]-108.16 -108.16 -108.16 Receiver Noise Figure [dB]7.00 7.00 7.00 Receiver Noise [dBm]-101.16 -101.16 -101.16 Bit Rate [kbit/s]128 384 600Process Gain [dB]14.77 10.00 12.04 Required Eb/No (Es/No) [dB]4.50 4.30 6.19Receiver Sensitivity [dBm]-111.43 -106.86 -107.1 Interference Margin [dB]6.00 6.00 6.00 Antenna Gain [dBi]0.00 0.00 0.00 Feeder Loss [dB]0.00 0.00 0.00 Body Loss [dB]0.00 0.00 0.00 MarginPower control headroom [dB]2.00 2.00 0.00 Soft Handover Gain [dB]3.00 3.00 0.00 Shadow Fading Margin [dB]8.70 8.70 8.70 Penetration Loss [dB]20.00 20.00 20.00 Max Allowable Outdoor Path Loss [dB]147.93 146.36 144.5 Outdoor Coverage Cell Raius [m]1.59 1.44 1.27 Max Allowable Indoor Path Loss [dB]127.93 126.36 124.5 Indoor Coverage Cell Raius [m]0.43 0.39 0.34

HSUPA Uplink budget Example

CS12.2KCS64KPS64KHSUPATXTx Power [dBm]21.00 21.00 21.00 24.00 Antenna Gain [dBi]0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 Body Loss [dB]3.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Feeder Loss [dB]0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 EIRP [dBm]18.00 21.00 21.00 25.59 RXThermal Noise Density [dMm/HZ]-174.00 -174.00 -174.00 -174.00 Thermal Noise [dBm]-108.16 -108.16 -108.16 -108.16 Receiver Noise Figure [dB]2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 Receiver Noise [dBm]-105.96 -105.96 -105.96 -105.96 Bit Rate [kbit/s]12.2 64 64 600 Process Gain [dB]24.98 17.78 17.78 -7.00 Required Eb/No [dB]4.20 2.70 1.60 Receiver Sensitivity [dBm]-126.74 -121.04 -122.14 -113.96 Interference Margin [dB]3.01 3.01 3.01 3.01 Antenna Gain [dBi]18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 Feeder Loss [dB]2.80 2.80 2.80 2.80 Body Loss [dB]0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MarginPower control headroom [dB]2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Soft Handover Gain [dB]3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 Shadow Fading Margin [dB]8.70 8.70 8.70 8.70 Penetration Loss [dB]20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 Max Allowable Outdoor Path Loss [dB]149.23 146.53 147.63 143.04 Outdoor Coverage Cell Raius [m]1.74 1.45 1.56 1.16 Max Allowable Indoor Path Loss [dB]129.23 126.53 127.63 123.04 Indoor Coverage Cell Raius [m]0.47 0.39 0.42 0.31

ContentLink BudgetCoverage Scale EstimationUTRAN Coverage Solutions

Calculation of NodeB Coverage RadiusLink budget is a key component in coverage planning

Link budget can help understand the impacts made by parameters on networkCoverage targetMax. allowed path lossPropagation modelLink budgetCoverage radius

Cell Coverage Radius CalculationAlthough the model of macro cell can be in different forms, most of them are a slope-intercept modelCommon formula Path loss = k1 + k2log(d)+ k3Hms + k4log(Hms) +k5log(Heff) + k6log(Heff)log(d) + k7 + clutterloss

Omni-directional NodeBThree-sector directional NodeB (65)Six-sector directional NodeB (65) Calculation of NodeB Coverage Area

ContentLink BudgetCoverage Scale EstimationUTRAN Coverage SolutionsMid-high traffic areas coverage solutionLow traffic areas coverage solutionIndoor environment coverage solution

Mid-high Traffic Areas Coverage SolutionsLarge Scale FactoriesMid-high Traffic Areas Coverage SolutionsDense Urban Indoor macro Node BOutdoor macro Node BStreetmicro Node BStreetBBU+RRUCommon UrbanMacro Node B +RRUBBU+RRUSceneriesBig Markets

High Performance Indoor Macro Node B CoverageIntegrative RF ModuleReceiving Sensitivity (single antenna): -126.5dBmSupport UMTS 4 carriers, 6 sectorsOutput power: 20W/40W/60WHigh Capacity Baseband 1344CE supported with full configurationS444, 20W@CarrierS222222, 20W@CarrierSupport 9CS RRUSupport Local 12CSS333, 20W@CarrierFlexible CapacityFlexible ConfigurationMaximum S444 and S222222Baseband: 128CE1344CEFlexible NetworkingSupport ATM/TDM networkingSupport IP and TDM hybrid transmissionSupport all IP networkingDifferent PhasesHSDPA supportedHSUPA supported Smooth evolution to HSPA+

Flexible Deployments of RRUs In mid-high traffic areas the RRUs can be flexibly deployed when there is not enough site room: Macro Node B+ RRU BBU+ RRU BBU pool+RRUOut door construction reduces cost and rentHigh efficiency PA makes smaller Node B and lower power consumptionIt is an innovation to flexibly deploy RRUsZXWR serial RRUZXWR BBUB

High Performance Outdoor Macro Node B CoverageApply B8812 when there is short of equipment room.B8812 is designed with modular structure. It is compact and features with anti thief/break.High capacity B8812 is built in transmission, power, air conditioner, etc.

1200mm1750mmFlexible Configuration:Maximum S444 or S222222Dividable RackDepth only 0.6mFootprint only 0.72m2

High Reliability300AH battery, average work time 9 hours

The difficulties of Dense Urban Coverage Many high buildings make wireless signals barrier seriously. Difficult to find sites, especially rooftop platform Traffic explosion needs high system capacity High cost of associated equipments and renting The deployment of macro Node B meets the requirement of capacityThe street Node B solution does not need rooftop platform and associated equipmentsSOLUTION

BBU + RRU Structure in Street Solution ZXWR BBUBFiber on poleStreet Node BOutdoor integrated cabinetThe BBU plus RRU structure in street Node B solution can greatly reduce the network construction cost and speedup network deployment.ZXWR R8840The BBU plus RRU solution can be deployed in the urban areas where there are not rooftop platform and site room. RRU and lightning proof box are installed in the pole. Beautify antenna and lightning rod on top of the pole. BBU connects with RRU by fibers. Outdoor integrated cabinet can accept BBU, power supply, batteries and transmission equipment.

Requirements of BBU + RRU Structure for Street CoverageOutdoor type RRUZXWR R8840BBU with high capacity satisfies the flexible expansionTo support HSPA function and even HSPA+ by software upgradeRRU with high PA efficiency and small volumeRRU can be smoothly upgraded to support 4CSIndoor type BBUZXWR BBUBZTE can provide serial street Node B which can meet different environment requirements. BBU and RRU should be smaller volume, flexible installation.

Carries1C1S ~ 4C1SOutput power20/40WSize360320165mm(HWD)Weight16.5kgPower consumption170W

Baseband Capacity512 ~768 CECarries12CSSize132482330mm(HWD)Weight15kgPower Consumption300W

Outdoor Micro Node B in Street Solution Covering areasThe outdoor micro Node B solution can be deployed in the urban areas where can not install fibers. The micro Node Bs and lightning proof box are hidden in pole-piers. Beautify antenna and lightning rod on top of the pole. Iub interface supports IP transmission.The power supply is 220V/110V AC, UPS and batteries are hidden nearby.Install along streets

ContentLink BudgetCoverage Scale EstimationUTRAN Coverage SolutionsMid-high traffic areas coverage solutionLow traffic areas coverage solutionIndoor environment coverage solution

Low Traffic Areas Coverage SolutionshighwayLow traffic AreasCoverage solutionssuburb 4 antennas receivingOTSRMicro Node BMacro Node B+RRUruralroadstunnelBBU+RRU

Radiated Coverage of Macro Node B + RRU Macro Node B with BBU function will be deployed if there is room site and transmissionRRU can be deployed when there is not enough room. RRU connects with macro Node B by fibers.Microwave can be chosen as one kind of transmission between sites.Construction detailRRUSite 1Site 2Site 3RRUMacro Node B with room site and transmissionMicrowave transmission introducedSDH/PDH

Distributed Coverage of Macro Node B + RRUBBU is put in the center of small town. RRU can be put in the residential areas or small markets. BBU and RRU are connected by fiber on pole.BBU can be embedded in the integrated cabinet. Several RRUs stack together to form BBU pool.The distance between BBU and RRU is up to 40Km. The topology of BBU and RRU networks can use link or circle style.

Outdoor Micro Node B Coverage SolutionCoverage SolutionThe choice of outdoor micro Node B and repeater can meet the requirement of tunnels coverage.In low traffic areas the micro Node Bs are good choice to make fast deployment.

Highway +ZXWR B8803+REPEATERTunnel RuralSuburb

Coverage Enhancement TechnologyThe advantages of 4-atenna receivingThe adoption of 4-antenna receiving technology can widen more 14-22% covering radius of one site.In low traffic areas the 23-33% of total sites can be reduced by adoption of 4-atenna receiving technology.More 20 of uplink coverageCoverage with 2-atenna receivingCoverage with 4-atenna receiving

OTSR Technology for Low Traffic Areas CoverageIt can get the 3 sectors coverage with purpose in term of the same investment of omni antenna.The gain of omni antenna is lower 7dB than sector antenna.The STSR covering radium is broader than OMNI.OTSR technology is a good choice for the places where have low voice traffic and need broad coverage.

Flexible Outdoor Coverage Solution High CapacitySmooth ExpansionWide CoverageHigh StabilityOutdoor MacroB8812BBU+RRU+BBU+RRUOutdoor MacroB8812Outdoor MicroB8803Medium CapacitySave Equipment roomFlexible DeploymentHigh Reliability

+BBU+RRUOutdoor MicroB8803Wide CoverageFlexible DeploymentHigh Reliability

Dense UrbanUrban/SuburbRuralIndoor Macro B891220W/40W/60W20W/40W/60W20W/40W/60W

ContentLink BudgetCoverage Scale EstimationUTRAN Coverage SolutionsMid-high traffic areas coverage solutionLow traffic areas coverage solutionIndoor environment coverage solution

Traditional Indoor Coverage Solution for Office EnvironmentSignal Source plus Distributed System Passive Distribution System Active Distribution System Fiber Distribution SystemPenetration Coverage Outdoor Macro Node B Outdoor Micro Node BRepeater Coverage RF Repeater Fiber Repeater

Penetration Coverage by Outdoor Macro Node BA simple indoor coverage solution.To tolerate 10-20dB path loss because of the separate wall. Not having good covering effects because of the loss.This solution is suitable for the residential areas where the buildings are lower than 7 floors.The penetration coverage by outdoor macro Node B cant meet the requirements of the most indoor coverage occasions

Signal Source plus Distributed System Coverage SolutionThe signal source is from macro or micro Node B, or RRU and repeaters.The passive or active coaxial cable, fiber or leak cable can be chosen for distributed system.

Power loss wont be avoided by means of the signal source plus distributed system coverage solution.

RF Repeater Coverage SolutionRF repeater can be used for some confined areas coverage.Some problems follows with RF repeater coverage includingUplink noise increasing to affect the system performances.Impossible to expand the capacity.RF repeater coverage solution is only suitable to the confined areas or the indoor edge areas.RF repeater covering directlyRF repeater plus indoor distributed systemRF repeaterRF repeater

Fiber Repeater Coverage SolutionFiber repeater is adopted for some special requirements.Several problems appears with the fiber repeater coverage includingThe high cost of optical elementsUplink noise increasing to affect the system performances.Impossible to expand the capacity.

Fiber repeater coverage solution is an expensive choice.

Summary of the Traditional Coverage SolutionsThe penetration coverage of outdoor macro Node B cannot meet the requirements of most indoor coverage occasionsMost of traditional coverage solutions adopt signal source plus indoor distributed system.The traditional indoor coverage solutions meet the covering but not capacity requirements.The GSM indoor distributed system has to be upgraded to support UMTS frequency band.RF repeaters cannot be expanded in capacity , and fiber repeaters are very expensive.

The New Requirements for UMTS Indoor CoverageSystem requirements Low cost equipments Small size Low CAPEX and OPEX No noise High capacity Multi-carriers Easy to upgrade Easy to installTransmission by fiber or twisted-pairFlexible monitor and O&MSeveral power voltage input choicesFew initial parameters setting

BBU + RRU Solution to Meet Traffic Shifting RequirementsBBU poolTo share baseband resourcesTo reduce the repetitive BBU constructionRRURRUResidential areaCBD areaGo to workOff dutyOMC

Micro RRU Indoor Distributed SolutionMicro RRU has advantages on high power and low cost effective. It can be also used as the resource of indoor distributing system.With high efficiency power amplifier, Micro RRU has the benefits on low thermal and power consumption, small size, light, portable, and easy installation. Future expansion can be easily achieved by only expanding BBUSmall or medium scale buildings with GSM indoor distributed systemReuse the existing IDS with fast deployment and convenient upgrading

Perfect Indoor Coverage SolutionsNew Building CoverageSharing Macro Node Bs CapacityIndoor Blind Spot SupplementPico RRU can be deployed directly without distributed system for its small output power. It can greatly improve the capacity and quality of indoor coverage.

Perfect Indoor Coverage Solutions3G BBUP BridgeP8925AntennaExpansion capability: cell splitting, LOW TCOWide Coverage: Pico RRU can be deployed at the bottom of coverage area, low RF loss, realize high quality indoor coverage.High Capacity: flexible configure the capacity to meet requirements, cell splitting with software upgrade to smoothly expand capacity. Lower TCO.Flexible Networking: adjustable power, single layer, single point optimization according to traffic distribution.

Power Supply for Pico RRU and Indoor AntennasPower supplyThe power supply of Pico RRU is provided by the P Bridge equipment. They are connected by twisted-pairs.The power supply of micro RRU and BBU can be -48V DC or 110V/220V AC.Traditional indoor antennasIndoor beautify antennas

The New Requirements to Indoor EquipmentsMicro RRUZXWR R8905Pico RRUZXWR P8925ZTE can provide serial indoor RRUs with less than 9L size. All the RRUs are passive natural cooling and easy to install. BBU with high capacity satisfies the flexible expansion To support HSPA function and even HSPA+ by software upgrading RRU with high PA efficiency, small volume and natural cooling Easy to install. Power supply can be AC or DC.

Carrier 1C1SOutput power 5WSize 350X260X95mm(HWD)Weight 8.5 kgPower consumption90W

Carrier 1C1SOutput power250mWSize 20025040mm(HWD)Weight 1.5kgPower consumption12W

Various Indoor Coverage SolutionsFlexible V3+ indoor coverage solution satisfies different scenarios with different requirements for coverage and capacity.

Indoor CapacityIndoor CoverageLowMiddleHighSmallMiddleLargeSolution for buildings and residential areas coverageBBU+RRU overlay solutionTraditional overlay solution

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