04 Mechanism of Injury

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Reference

MAC ManualChapter 3


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Mechanics of injury


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Aims

Introduce Mechanics of injury (MOI) as a tool to aid in therecognition of injuries or potential injuries


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Causes of Injury

Penetrating trauma, high and low velocity

GSW, Blast injuries, shrapnel, knife wounds Blunt Trauma

RTA, falls, blast injuries, crush injuries

Climate

Heat and cold injuries

Chemical

Burns

Medical


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Timings of Trauma Death

Instantaneous

Early

Late


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Effects of GSW and

Fragments

Factors affecting injuries caused by fragments and bullets

Mass and Velocity

Shape and stability

Tissue density

Length of wound tract

Cavitation Contamination


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Penetrating injuries

The energy transferred determines the amount of

damage Energy transferred is effected by

Speed

Frontal surface area


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Hazard spectrum - Mechanismsof Injury


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Three energy level categories

1 Low energy

2 Medium energy

3 High energy


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Hazard spectrum -

Mechanisms of Injury


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Blast Injuries

There are 4 distinct stages to blast injuries

Primary

Secondary Tertiary

Quaternary


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Blunt Trauma

The most common cause of blunt trauma are RTAs.

Important points to remember: Two forces are involved in blunt trauma

Compression

Shear


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Motor Vehicle Collisions

Frontal (head on) impact

Rear impact Lateral or side impact

Rotational impact

Rollover


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Stages of Impact

The vehicle collides with an object or other vehicle

The unrestrained occupant collides with the inside of thevehicle

The occupants internal organs collide with each other or

the wall of the cavity that contains them


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Frontal or head on impact

The occupant if unrestrained will follow one of two

pathways

Down and under

Up and over


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Down and under


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Up and over


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Rear impact

The velocity is the difference between two vehicles

speeds


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If windscreen isdamagedassume aspine injury


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Lateral or side impact

Entire side of vehicle is thrust against occupant


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Lateral or side impact


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Rotational impact

Occurs when one corner of a car strikes an

unmovable object


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The rollover

The car may undergo several impacts at many different

angles


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Rollover


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Crush Injuries

Effects:

Cardiac arrest Renal failure


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Extreme Heat

Extreme Cold

M h i f I j


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Medical:

Underlying disease (e.g. clogged

arteries).

Toxicological:

Chemical Weapons.

Industrial Chemicals.

Overdose.

Mechanisms of Injury


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Medical Emergencies

Diabetes

Tropical diseases Appendicitis

Cardiac


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Burns

Multi-system injuries as they can effect:

Airway

Breathing

Circulation


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Chemical Injuries

Systemic toxicity

Local damage to skin and eyes


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Any Questions?

04 Mechanism of Injury

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