03_How to Design Timber Bridges
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Transcript of 03_How to Design Timber Bridges
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
Michael Flach Ole Einar Bjoerndalen
Lillehammer, Norway 12-15 September 2010
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
ICTB 2010 Lillehammer
how to design bridges
a methodical approach
Univ. Prof. DDI Michael Flach
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
cooperation between
architect and engineer
bridge of Leonardo da Vinci 1452 - 1519
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael FlachBridge in As, Norway
Following the plans of Leonardo da Vinci
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flacharchitectural sketches
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
Drau, A
Crest, F
collaboration architect -
engineer
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
design procedure (example 1)
ground profile
clearance profile under the
bridge
supports
type of exploitationclearance profile above the
construction
width of construction
span
constructioncosts
statical
height
placement of the
structure
loads
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
design process example 1
pedestrian bridge in Grenoble, F
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flachpedestrian bridge in Grenoble, F
competition project
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
design procedure (example 2)
span
statical
height
position of the structure
clearance profile
type of use
construction
costs
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flachdesign procedure (example 2)
pedestrian bridge in Grenoble, F
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
protection of the structure against weather use of adequate assembly systems adaptedfor timber bridge constructions reduce moment bending effects in members avoid perpendicular to grain tension
Basic design rules for timber bridges
structural systems
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
wrong choice of type programmed failures
non-linear stresses, torsion, no protection, no maintenance
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
in addition: for arched gluelam structures
concentrated loads perpendicular to grain tension
tension
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
However there is a trick !
To compensate perpendicular to grain tension by ..
forced displacement to introduce compensating bending moments
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
Structural systems for bridges
bending structures with full sections:-
beams, girders and slabs
bending structures with composed sections:- trusses, lower chord structures
structures with intermediate support:
- strut and cabled stayed systems funicular structures:
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arches, suspension structures, shells
structural systems
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
Bending structures with full cross sections
rib systems I- and T-beams et box girders
structural systems
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
Bending structures with full cross sections
shoulder to shoulder
structural systems
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
nailed laminated -, gluelam-and CLT- decks
structural systems
Bending structures with full cross sections
B di t t ith f ll ti
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
Bending structures with full cross sections:
connected wood-concrete decks
structural systems
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
bending structures with composed sections:
trusses, lower chord structures
triangular truss lower chord structure
structural systems
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flachlower chord structures
Pedestrian bridge in Orvault, F
Pedestrian bridge in Fliess
/ A
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
trusses
structural systems
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flachheavy traffic bridge across the Sanne, F
triangular truss with suspensions and a connected wood-concrete deck
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flachheavy traffic bridge of Fayettes, F
framework with suspensions and a wood-concrete deck
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flachpont pour circulation lourde sur la Dore, F
framework with strutsand a wood deck
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
truss with variable height
heavy traffic bridge in Kssen, A
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flachheavy traffic bridge in Walpole / USA
truss with variable height with a connected steel concrete deck
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
systems with intermediate supports
strut system
cable stayed system
t t t
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
strut systems
structural systems
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flachpedestrian bridges in Ajoux, F and in Pians , A
polygonal arch in
Ajoux, F
strut bridge in
Pians, A
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flachheavy traffic bridge in Steinerbach / A
strut structure with a connected wood-concrete deck
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flachheavy traffic bridge on the highway A 89, F
strut structure with a disconnected wood-concrete slab
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flachheavy traffic bridge on the highway A 89, F
branched structure with a cross laminated timber panels, Crest, F
cable stayed structures
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
cable stayed structures
structural systems
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
cable stayed pedestrian bridge
in Orvault, F
cable stayed pedestrian bridge on the lake of Saint Point, F
cable stayed bridges
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flachbridge in the valley of Lech, Acable stayed bridges
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
cable stayed bridge
heavy traffic bridge in Avoudray, F
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
funicular structures
arch bridge
bowstring
suspension
structural systems
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flach
Covered bowstring bridge
Bridge in Blagnac, F
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holzbaulehrstuhl Univ.-Prof. Michael Flachtimber bridges of the future
200 m heavy traffic bridge
Saint Gervais, F
1000 m pedestrian bridge
Ziegelwies,A
Fssen,D