03 Spens Fs Wp32 Mladenovic

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ApplicationApplication ofofsteelsteel slagslag

aggregateaggregate inin roadroadconstructionconstruction

Task 3.2 leader Ana Mladenovi, ZAGDarko Kokot, ZAG

Zvonko Coti, Primorje d.d.

Loris Bianco, Ferriere Nord, S.p.A.

Safwat Said, VTI


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IMPORTANT TO KNOW!Slag is a broad term for a particular waste

product in the field of metallurgy.

Just its name DOES NOT TELL US

ANYTHING about the properties of thismaterial.

Black steel slag Siemens-Martin slag.


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THE RESEARCH PROJECT

SPENS - Sustainable Pavements for European NewMember States (2006-2009)

WP 3 - Improvement of pavement structure

Task 3.2 - Sustainable road construction processesthat include recycling of materials and use ofindustrial by-products


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AGENDA

Origin of steel slag in electric arc furnaceand the production of aggregate

Test field on a regional roadTest field on a main road

Test field on the A1 motorway


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ORIGIN OF SLAG

Steel scrap

Lime

Electric Arc Furnace

Steel products

Liquid slag


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Some facts about using steel slag in Europe

About 150 - 200 kg of slag per 1 ton of steel occur.

Nearly 12 million tons of steel slag are producedannually in the Europe.

About 65 % is used in different applications, mainlyas aggregate in road construction.

Some of this aggregate is used as a high-quality

aggregate in wearing courses (replacing vulcanicaggregate).


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Average chemical composition of

steel slag

+ small quantities of other oxides.

4-12MgO:

5-7Al2O3:

6-9Fe2O3:

5-12SiO2:20-35CaO:

30-40FeO:


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Quenching of slag

Quenching of freshslag

(artificial magma)

Quenching of cooledslag (15 days)


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Products

8/11 mm4/8 mm


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Characteristics of aggregates

Not relevantVery lowRadioactivity

Not relevantVery lowEluates

Not relevant1.6Volume stability

2.83.8Bulk density

0.70.5Water absorption

0.00.0Frost resistance (F)

0.30.0Frost resistance (MS)

5761Polish stone value (PSV)

98Resistance to abrasion (MD)

1616Resistance to fragment. (LA)

Natural aggr.Slag aggr.Parameter


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Comparison between microtextures

The microtexture ofvolcanic aggregate

The microtexture of slag


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AGENDA

Origin of slag in EAF and production ofaggregate

Test field on a regional road

Test field on a main road



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Purpose of the test fields

Determination of long term behaviour of

the wearing course with slag in acontinental climate.

Geting experience about the use of slagin road construction with regard to

engineering and environmentalperformance.


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Test section on a regional road

Location: NW Slovenia, near Tolmin

Location: Idrijsko- Pereti


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Bird's-eye view of the test field


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First test field with slag in Slovenia!

Annual average daily traffic: 4000

Date of reconstruction: 6.6.2007, replacing thewearing course

Type of asphalt: AC 11 (asphalt concrete)Width: 6 m

Length: 300 m

Thickness of asphalt layer: 4 cm

Test section on a regional road


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Construction of the test field


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Characterization of the asphalt layers

5.4163

Asphalt with

natural aggregate

5.5156

Asphalt with slagaggregate

SOLUBLE BINDER

CONTENT (mas %)

SAMPLE

T (C)

SAMPLE


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2.600

Asphalt with naturalaggregate

3.124

Asphalt with slag

aggregate

Density (Mg/m3)

HOT MIX ASPHALT


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Equipment: SCRIMTEX measuring device

Date of measurement: November 7th 2007

SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS


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Comparison of the skid resistance

of both lanes

The levels of skid resistance are similar on both lanes!


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AGENDA

Origin of slag in EAF and production of

aggregateTest field on a regional road

Test field on a main roadTest field on the A1 motorway


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Test field with surface dressingLocation: the main road Unik - Plave


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A close-up view


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Method of construction

One lane withsurface dressingusingconventional

natural aggregate(silicate 4/8 mm)

One lane withsurface dressingusing slagaggregate from

Ferriere Nord (4/8mm)


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AGENDA

Origin of slag in EAF and production

of aggregateTest field on a regional road

Test field on a main road



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Bird's-eye view of the test field


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Annual average daily traffic: 30.000

Date of construction: 28.4.2008, onlyreplacing the wearing course

Width: 6 m

Length: 100 m

Thickness of asphalt layer: 4 cm


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Type of asphalt: SMA 11 PmB 45/80-65

A2

Aggregate: slag aggregate from

ACRONI (2/4, 4/8, 8/11 mm)+

limestone aggregate from the Lae

quarry (0/2 mm).


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Asphalt - resistance to wheel tracking

0.03 mm/10003.3 %

SIST EN 12697-22SIST EN 12697-22

Wheel-tracking

slope WTSAIR

Rut depth

PRDAIR

Excellent results!


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Asphalt low temperature test

5.29 256.31 10

2.07+ 5

0.59+ 20

Tensile

strength

(MPa)

T (C)

Tension test

3.90Failure stress (MPa)

- 32.57Failure T (C)

Cooling test

6,12 MPa at

13.9 CTension

strength

reserve

Excellent results!


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Texture measurement


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Texture measurementSeptember 2008 versus March 2009

Test field on motorway A1 - Two measurements - Texture SMTD (mm)

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

9000 9050 9100 9150 9200 9250 9300 9350 9400 9450 9500

Chainage (m)

SMTD(

m

m

)

SMTD_Sep'08 SMTD_Mar'09 Steel slag Crushed stone


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Conclusions

Further work

Monitoring of all the test fields.

Focus mainly on surface (safety) characteristics.

Performance of asphalt concrete during servicelife.


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03 Spens Fs Wp32 Mladenovic

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