03 SEP-602B RED670 1p1 Line Diff Communication
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Transcript of 03 SEP-602B RED670 1p1 Line Diff Communication
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2007
2008-01-30 Substation Automation and Protection Training
RED 670 Line Differential Protection IED
Diff Communication
Substation Automation and Protection Training
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Diff Communication Synchronization of the internal clock Configuration Settings Exercise
Contents
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RED 670, Diff Communication
Serial Digital Synchronous 64 kbps
RxTx
Rx Tx
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RED 670, Principal of operation; Master- Master
BIA B
AI
AI
BI
0
IDiff
IBias
TRIP
Local Trip Local Trip
Master Slave
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RED 670, Principal of operation; Master- Slave
BIA B
AI
BI
0
IDiff
IBias
TRIP
Remote Trip
Local Trip
Master Slave
Slave is selected by set Operation=OFF
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RED 670, Diff communication
Master
Master
Master
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Slave
Master
SlaveChannel is lost
Automatic switch from master to Slave in caseof loss of communication
RED 670, Diff communication
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0Time(ms)5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Current sampling moment
Currentsample
telegramsent
Currentsample
telegramsent
Currentsample
telegramsent
Currentsample
telegramsent
Currentsample
telegramsent
Currentsample
telegramsent
Currentsample
telegramsent
Currentsample
telegramsent
RED 670, Diff communication
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Separate binary transfer via the communication channel for the differential protection
Protection independent
Security achieved with bit check
8 separate binary signals
Mix of external and internal signals
Binary transfer
Externalsignals Internal
signals
64 kbit Commu-nication
Trip T
64 kbit communication
DiffDiffetc..
U Trip S
Trip R Differential protection function
RED 670, Communication, transfer of binary signals
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In each telegram there are eight binary signals freely configurable by the user in PCM 600 configuration tool or Signal Matrix Tool
These signals can be used for any purpose.
External or Internal binary signals - external via binary input card - internal logical signals, for
example block autoreclosure at remote end at cable fault
RED 670, Communication, transfer of binary signals
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Diff Communication Synchronization of the internal clock
General/Settings/System Setup/Fault Tracing/Requirements
Configuration Settings Exercise
Contents
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RED670
RED670
RED 670, Telecom Network for Utilities
Telecom Network
Can we send protection signals via the cloud of telecom networks with
satisfactory security and dependability ?
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Requirements: Secure Dependable In time / Transparently transmitted Protected against misrouting Scalable in redundancy Has to operate in harsh environment Traceable (Event recording)
RED 670, Power-line Protection Signals
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RED670
RED670
RED670
RED670
RED 670,Telecom Networks for differential protectionWhat is the problem???
Back to back
Modem Modem
Defined Communication time and quality
Modem ModemTelecom network
Varying Communication time and quality
Route switched systems
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(I) Telecommunication networks with fixed or symmetric routes, where echo timing can be used
-back-to-back systems included
(II) Telecommunication networks with unspecified route switching, where the accurate global time in the GPS (Global Positioning System) is required.
-echotiming as fall back when the GPS fails
Application areas for RED 670 in telecommunication networks
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RegionalOffice
ControlCentre
Head-quarter
Substation
Power Plant
B 78
030
E (1
1.98
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Back BoneDigital Network
ISDN
DATAISDN
Access
Access
STM-1STM-4
HDSL 2Mbit/S
8 Mbit/s
Access
Access
copper wire
STM-1
Access
- OPGW- ADSS- burried
Access
Access
Access
ETL ETL
PLC - Link
RT
RT
Access
8 Mbit/s
RED 670, Telecom Network for Utilities
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RED670
RED 670, Telecom Networks for differential protection
SDH systems > 2 Mbit/second
PDH systems < 2 Mbit/second
ATM/IP systems > 622 Mbit/second
Other systems > x Gbit/second
For utility communication PDH/SDH systems are most common
PDH, Plesiochronous Digital HierarchySDH, Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
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PDH, Plesiochronous* Digital Hierarchy < 2 Mbit SDH, Synchronous Digital Hierarchy > 2 Mbit Package Swichted networks Frame Relay ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode IP Internet protocol (ATM) MPLS Multiprotocol label switching DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
* Plesio is the Greek word for almost
RED 670, Telecom Network
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In the 1960s and 1970s PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy 1) )was developed as an international standard to transmit voice anddata
PDH is mainly optimised for telephony
ITU-T defined standards for PDH is based on several levels of Multiplexers
ITU-T is the new name for CCITT telecommunication standard organisation
RED 670, Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy-PDH
1) Plesio is the Greek for almost 2) rd for almost
Transmission History
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To overcome PDH shortcomings, ITU-T defined a new transmission standard:
The SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy to
access 2Mbit/s signals in any level of a data stream have an integrated network management channel with
routing functionality in every network element
standardise the complete technology including - frame formats, - multiplexing schemes - synchronisation
allow bit-rates of up to 10 GBit/s in one signal
RED 670, Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, SDH
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The lowest bit-rate SDH defines is 2Mbit/s.
PDH provides widely accepted and implemented standards to transport voice and data signals over 64kBit/s channels
Instead of defining new standards for SDH, to encode voice and data, G703/G704 together with a variety of other PDH standards are used
RED 670, Why still PDH, Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy?
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RED670
SDH systems > 2 Mbit/second
PDH systems < 2 Mbit/second Master clock*
RED 670, Telecom Networks for differential protectionThe protection requirement is that only one clock in the PDH/SDH system is used as Master clock.*
64 kbit/s
The clock is only supervisedin the SDH system
2 MbitG703 E121-219G703
21-216
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Exact Transmission speed at hierarchical levels for ITU standard G 703
64 kb/s 0
E12048 kbit/s1
E28.448 Mb/s2
E334.368 Mb/s3
E4139.264 M/ps4
G703G703SpeedSpeedLevelLevel
RED 670, Telecom Networks for utilities
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RED 670, IEEE C37.94/G703 link via Telecom network
TelecomNetwork
RED 670
21-219 or 21-216
21-219 or 21-216
RED 670RED 670 with C37.94
-direct-via modem
Optic
Galvanic
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Tolerates different routes and different time delays in forward and reverse direction only during switching
- Max switch time 2 seconds
*Depending on required sensitivity
< 0,2-2ms* differencecontinuous
Maximum transmission timeTd < 40 ms (2x20 ms)
A C
B
Three end application(Protection Master-Slave)
RED
670
RED670
RED670
RED670RED670
RED 670, with Echo-timing
Protectionmaster
Protectionslave
Protectionslave
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Considering the measured delay:
Compensation for routeswitched communication
Maximum security and sensitivity
Ref remote
wSynchronised
in each terminal
Ref local
w
T1
T2 T3
T4B
A
2
(t 4- t 1) - (t 3 t 2)Transmission Delay Td =
Delay measurement every 5 ms (each message)Resolution 1 ms
ClockTimestamp
2(t 1+t 4)Time difference Dt =
2(t 2+t 3)
Terminal A Terminal BDt
ClockTimestamp
Dt
Master Master
RED 670, Transmission delay compensation (Echo)
Maximum Td 20 ms)
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ClockTimestamp
Terminal A Terminal B (C/D/E)t
ClockTimestamp
t
Master Master
Unspecified route switching can not be handled. The allowed deviation between the internal clocks (2-5) must then be limited.Maximum deviation is a setting parameter
- setting range 0,2-2ms- depending on min. sensitivity
Maxtdifflevel
Maximum time difference level
RED 670, with Echo-timing
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MaxtDiffLevel: 0,2-2 ms depending on set sensitivity
RED 670, with Echo-timing/maximum time difference
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Time scale x 2
D
dt
Scattering
en07000161.vsdTo avoid that accumulated small changes < Maxtdifflevelgives unwanted trip additional features are added
D = Dead-band time difference ,DeadbandtDiff)dt = Measured change (defined as assymmetry)> Four acumulated dt below Maxtdifflevel blocks protection.
Security functionRED 670, with Echo-timing
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DeadbandtDiff equals dead band time difference. This setting is used to compensate for measuring inaccuracy due to scattering when accumulating changes smaller thanMaxtDiffLevel.
Dead band time difference-Deadbandtdiff; default + 200 us
RED 670, with Echo-timing
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Virtual error in Ampere at different time deviation(Synchronization error)
0500
10001500200025003000
0 5 10 15 20 25
Fault current at external faults (kA)
Time error=0.4 msTime error=0.2 msTime error=0.1 ms
RED 670, with Echo-timing
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Virtual error in Ampere at different time deviations(Synchronization error)
01000200030004000500060007000
0 5 10 15 20 25
Fault current at external faults (kA)
Time error=1 msTime error=0.8 msTime error=0.6 ms
RED 670, with Echo-timing
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GPS system required for set up GPS loss tolerated with:
- Free-wheeling internal clocks- Fall back to the echo method
RED 670 tolerates unspecified routeswitching in telecommunicationsystems (SDH/PDH)
Maximum transmission timeTd < 40 ms (forward + reverse)
A C
B
Three end Application(Protection master-slave)
GPSclock
GPSclock
GPSclock
Unspecifiedrouteswitching
RED670
RED670
RED670
RED 670, with GPS-timing
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ABB
RED 670, Built-in GPS time synchronizer
High Accuracy output-Accuracy < 1sNote. IRIG- B standard GPS time information format can not be usedAccuracy +- 1 ms
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The GPS global time synchronization has two modes, fast or slow.The mode can be selected in the HMI or PCM 600HMI windowSetting-Time
- Synchronization-Time synchronization
- Time adjustment rate Fast or slowRecommended settings:ComissioningWith GPS Fast (
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Up to 4 modules per IED670
Multimode fiberoptic 50/125 m or 62,5/125 m
Optical budget - 9 dB or 13 dB- Typical distance
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LDCM
LDCM
LDCM
LDCM
Telecom. Network
*) *)
Multiplexer Multiplexer
LDCM with an external optical to galvanic interface,For example to G703 64 kBit or G703 E1
RED 670, Line differential Communication Module (LDCM)
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LDCM
LDCM
LDCM
LDCM
Telecom. NetworkMultiplexer Multiplexer
LDCM with built-in galvanic interface for ITU X21
RED 670, Line differential Communication Module (LDCM)
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LDCM
LDCM
Telecom. Network
Telecom. Network
Primary channel
Secondary redundant (reserve) channel
LDCM
LDCM
RED 670, Redundant communication channels
For two- or three line ends
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RED 670, Redundant communication with two channels in 21-219
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RED 670, Communication system set-up
RED670
RED670
Telecom Network
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Transceiver 21-216 as slave in a PDH system
RED670
Trans-ciever21-216
PDH MUX
Multi-mode Fiber optic < 3 km
LOCAL REMOTE
Galvanic connection Interface G.703 E1 (2MB)
SDH Master
Slaves (External clock ) Slaves
< 10 m < 10 m
Multi-mode Fiber optic < 3 kmGalvanic
connection Interface G.703 E1 (2MB)
Trans-ciever21-219
PDH MUX
G704 (framed etc .)
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21-216 as slave in a PDH/SDH system
RED670
Trans-ciever21-216
PDH MUX
Multi-mode Fiber optic < 3 km
LOCAL REMOTE
Galvanic connection Interface G.703 E1 (2MB)
SDH Master
Slaves (External clock ) Slaves
< 10 m < 10 m
Multi-mode Fiber optic < 3 kmGalvanic
connection Interface G.703 E1 (2MB)
Trans-ciever21-216
PDH MUX
G704 (framed etc .)
SDHMUX
SDHMUX
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Statnetts PDH/SDH telecommunicationssystem
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Transceiver 21-216 connection and setting
Cable shieldShieldMetalhouse
From multiplexerTo 21-216
RX- (Ring-in5
From multiplexerto 21-216
Rx+ (TIP-in) 4
From 21-216 to multiplexer
Tx- (RING-out) 2
From 21-216 to multiplexer
Tx+ (TIP-out) 1 DirectionNameRJ45 pin
Position 0; External clock (Slave)Position 1; Internal clock (Master)
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RED 670, Tranceiver 21-216 interface connection
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RED 670 with built-in galvanic X21 interface
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Pin Name Dir Description Type1 N/A Shield Ground2 T (A) --> Transmit (A) Data3 C (A) --> Control (B) Control4 R (A)
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RED670 /
Trans-ciever21-219
SDH MUX
Multi-mode Fiber optic
LOCAL REMOTE
Galvanic connectionInterface G.703 E1 (2MB)
21-219Master
Slaves, external clocks
< 10 m < 10 m
Multi-mode Fiber optic< 3 km
Galvanic connectionInterface G.703 E1 (2MB)
RED670
Trans-ciever21-219
SDH MUX
TransparentSlave
< 3km
21-219 as Master in a PDH/SDH system
21-219 is the PDH multiplexer
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21-219 as slave in a SDH system
RED670
Trans-ciever21-219
SDH MUX
Multi-mode Fiber optic < 3 km
LOCAL REMOTE
Galvanic connection Interface G.703 E1 (2MB)
SDH Master
Slaves (External clock ) Slaves
< 10 m < 10 m
Multi-mode Fiber optic < 3 kmGalvanic
connection Interface G.703 E1 (2MB)
Trans-ciever21-219
SDH MUX
G704 (framed etc .)
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Tranceiver 21-219 interference protection
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Information available on the HMIOn the HMI of RED 670 and the 670 series, the status of the remote communication can be supervised. The available information is alsouseful at fault tracing.The information on the HMI can be found in the following HMI treeEnter
-Test- Function status
-Communication-Remote communication
-LDCM (slot); Line Differential Communication -- CRM ( no 1-4) Communication remote multi
(analogue + binary)or
- CRB (no 1-4) Communication remote binary
RED 670, Communication fault tracing
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1919Communication failure (> set delay 100 ms in service, 5-10 ms for fault tracing.)
Status10COMFAIL
Communication status/noof received messages
StatusNoRXDOKCOMMStatus
No of long interruptions, >150 ms
Counter-5NoOfLongInterr
No of medium interruptions,
50-150 ms
Counter-10NoOfMEDInterr
No of shortinterruptions,20-50 ms
Counter-50NoOfShInterr
Transmission delay(Duplex loop), ms
Timer-1,540 TransmDelay
SMTCRB
SMTCRM
ExplanationSpecificationFaulty(Example)
Normal (Example)
Signal name
Remote communication/LDCM(slot)/CRM for RED 670 and /CRB for the 670 series
RED 670, Fault tracing on the HMI
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2525No carrier is detected in the incoming message.Group signal - Logical OR for:-LINK_ LOST No input data stream at the optical receiver -SYNC_LOST The clocksynchronization is lost-C37 ERROR. Error at the C37.94 fiberoptic receiver (Faultyformat)
Status10NOCARR
Asymmetric delay (Setting in echo mode or measured with GPS timing.)
Setting/GPSms
-0,5 msAsymDelay
1313Detected error in incomingmessage in remote end
Status10Ybit
No of received messages, %Status
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2626Low signal level in the receive linkStatus10LOWLEVEL
N.A*21Link error, differential protection blocked. Analogue values are substituted with zero.
Status10SUBSTITU*
N.A*20Error in GPS synchronization at remote end
Status10REMGPSER*
1818Error in received messages at remote end
Status10REMCOMFAIL
N.A*17Error in echo timing synchronizationStatus10SYNCERR*
N.A*16Transmission delay error, > 40 msStatus10TRDELERR*
1515CRC-error in incoming message Status10CRCERROR
2323Incorrect length for the incoming message
Status10LNGTHERR
1414Incoming message from a non-valid address
Status10ADRERR
2424No start and stop flags in the incoming message
Status10NOMESS
SMTCRB
SMTCRM
ExplanationSpec.Faulty(Example)
Normal (Example)
Signal name
RED 670, Fault tracing on the HMI
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Check Clock synchronization configuration master/slaveSelected channel 1-4 with yellow LEDs normally LED 1= channel 1 (1-12)
RA Remote Alarm. Red LED -Ybit =Yellow Alarm bit in the IEEE C37.94 protocol.
LA Local Alarm. Red LED error in the received IEEE C37.94 protocol LOS Loss Of Signal. Yellow Alarm bit in the outgoing IEEE C37.94 protocol.
ERR Internal Error. Red LED ( also not allowed setting of jumpers)LF Link Fiber. Green LED. C0rrect IEEE C37.94 frames, LT Link Green LED. Receives G.703 codir 64kbit/s protocol.correctlyRxF Receive data on Fiber. Green LED. Receives data in IEEE C37.94 format. RxT Receive data on Twisted pair/G.703 codir.. Green LED Receives data in
G.703 codir protocol.
RED 670, Fault tracing on 21-216
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Normal configuration; External clock, HEX-switch is on position 0
RED 670, Fault tracing on 21-219
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The LEDs to the left of fiber optic ports are indicators for Channel 0.The LEDs to the right of fiber optic ports are indicators for Channel 1.
RA Remote Alarm. Red LED -Ybit =Yellow Alarm bit in the IEEE C37.94 protocol.
LA Local Alarm. Red LED error in the received IEEE C37.94 protocol LOS Loss Of Signal. Yellow Alarm bit in the outgoing IEEE C37.94 protocol
St Status. Red LED when outgoing data on fiber has AIS-conditionLI Link Fiber. Green LED for correct IEEE C37.94 frames. Flashes for low power.TxD Received E1data sent on IEEE C37.94. Yellow LED for data in IEEE C37.94 format.RxD Receive IEEE C37.94 data on fiber. Yellow LED for data in IEEE C37.94 protocol.
RED 670, Fault tracing on 21-219
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RED 670, Fault tracing by loop-back tests
RED 670
RED 670 21-216 21-216PDHPDH*
LOCAL REMOTE
Test 1SDH SDH
Test 3Test 2 Test 4 Test 7Test 5 Test 6Fiberoptic or galvanic loop-back
* PDH Mux = 21-219 (no 21-216)
Test 1 Rx-TxTest 2, test 3, test 6, test 7 ; Rx+ to Tx +, Rx- to Tx-Test 4, test 5 Rx-Tx
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Loop back test sequence.Set the local relay and the remote relay with the same address
Setting of the Line Differential Communication module- LDCM- general settings
- communication- LDCM communication
-LDCM (slot no)- CRM(no) or CRB(No) for the 670 series
Terminal No [ ]Remote terminal No same [ ]
- Echo Synchronization On or Off- GPS synchronization Off or On- Commsync Master or slave*
The synchronization method shall in principal be the same in the loop-back tests as in actual service. However, there must always be one master clock in the loop under test.
RED 670, Fault tracing by loop-back tests
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RegionalOffice
ControlCentre
Head-quarter
Substation
Power Plant
RED 670, Requirement on Telecom Networks for Utilities
B 78
030
E (1
1.98
)
Back BoneDigital Network
ISDN
DATAISDN
Access
Access
STM-1STM-4
HDSL 2Mbit/S
8 Mbit/s
Access
Access
copper wire
STM-1
Access
- OPGW- ADSS- burried
Access
Access
Access
ETL ETL
PLC - Link
RT
RT
Access
8 Mbit/s
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The communication requirements are based on echo timing.
Bit Error Rate (BER) according to ITU-T G.821, G.826 and G.828
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Synchronization in SDH systems with G703 E1
According to ITU-T G.803, G.810-13
One master clock for the actual network
The actual port Synchronized to the SDH system clock at 2048 kbit
Synchronization; bit synchronized, synchronized mapping
Maximum clock deviation
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RED 670 with echo synchronization of differential clock (without GPS clock)
Both channels must have the same route with maximum asymmetry of
0,2-1.0 ms, depending on set sensitivity of the differential protection.
A fixed asymmetry can be compensated. Setting of asymmetric delay
in built in HMI or the parameter setting tool PST in PCM 600.
RED 670 with GPS clock
Independent of asymmetry.
RED 670, Requirement on Telecom Networks for Utilities
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RED670
RED670
Telecom Network
Can we send protection signals via the cloud of telecom networks with
satisfactory security and dependability ?
RED 670, Telecom Networks for Utilities