03 -Intro to Ppties of Petr
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Shell Special Intensive Trai ning Programme Oyeneyin, M.B.O Page 1 of 4 ©Univation 3 INTRODUCT ION TO COMPOSITION, PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF PETROLEUM 3.1 INTRODUCTION. Petroleum may be defined as a naturally occurring complex mixture of hydrocarbons and other constituents which may be either natural gas, crude oil in varying degree of heaviness depending upon their unique composition and prevailing temperature and pressure in their depositional environment. The most popular ones are (a) Paraffins These are saturated hydrocarbons. They are chemically stable and can boast of components like Methane, Wane, propane, etc. (b) Cycloparaffins Otherwise known as Naphthenes, these compounds have a ring structure. Typical examples are Cyclopropanes and Cyclobutanes. (c) Aromatics These are chemically active benzene series of hydrocarbons with the simplest member bei ng Benzene. In addition to hydrocarbons, petroleum does contain numerous other non- hydrocarbons such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide(Sour crude or sour gas) and other complex mixtures of nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen 3.2. LIQUID PETROLEUM Otherwise known as crude oil, the petroleum can be classified according to its API gravity here defined as : API Gravity = 5 . 131 5 . 141 − SG SG = Specific Gravity
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