03 16-2012-exploration pp 2
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Transcript of 03 16-2012-exploration pp 2
EQ: How has mankind’s need to explore led to our current view
of the solar system?
Warm Up – Page 160
• Copy today’s date and EQ: How has mankind’s need to explore led to our current view of the solar system?
• What do you know about how our views of the solar system have evolved since humans first gazed up at the stars?
• Imagine you live 5,000 years ago. When you look up at the night sky, what do you think about what you see?
Our First Views of the Universe
• Egyptians – need a way to predict the annual flooding of the Nile River
• Studied the star Sirius and noticed it was in the morning sky every spring shortly before the flooding began
Our First Views of the Universe
• Mayans – developed a calendar that was centuries before their time
• Observed the solstices
Our First Views of the Universe
• Stonehenge–Built in several stages–We don’t know who built it or exactly
why–It does have connections to the
summer and winter solstices
Our First Views of the Solar System: Reflect
• M: Restate the reason why Egyptians' exploration of the night sky was important.
• I: Which of the three ancient societies would you have preferred to explore the sky with? Why?
• U: What are the similarities in the explorations of the people who built Stonehenge and the Mayans?
• S: Imagine you are looking up at the stars in 3,000 B.C. How can you explore them?
Beginning to Make Sense of the Universe
• Greeks observed the planets.–Called them wandering stars–Were aware of 5 planets – Mercury,
Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn
Beginning to Make Sense of the Universe
• Aristotle–Placed the earth at the center of the
solar system surrounded by 55 crystalline spheres – GEOCENTRISM–Earth did not move at all–Everything revolved around the Earth
Beginning to Make Sense of the Universe
• Ptolemy–Refined geocentric model of the solar
system–Epicycles – smaller circles around large
circles to help explain planetary motion–Messy way to explain the movement
of planets
Epicycles
• Used to explain retrograde rotation – the apparent backward movement of planets
Beginning to Make Sense of the Universe: Reflect
• M: Summarize the contributions of Aristotle and Ptolemy to our understanding of the solar system.
• I: How would you feel if I told you the Earth really is the center of the solar system?
• U: Contrast Aristotle and Ptolemy’s discoveries about the solar system.
• S: Design a NASA mission patch dedicated to studying geocentrism.
Ticket in the Door
• On the index card, write/draw one of your two reflection responses from yesterday.
• Put if it is in response to the first (#1) or second ( #2) reflection.
• Don’t put your name.• Hold it up for me to pick up when you are
done.
The Revolution Begins
• Copernicus–Published Revolutionibus Orbium
Coelestium (On the Revolution of the Celestial Orbs) the year he died–Math based –Introduced the heliocentrism – the sun
is the center of the solar system
Copernican Solar System
The Revolution Begins
• Brahe – recorded many detailed astronomical observations – one of the first to make such detailed records
• Kepler – used Brahe’s date to develop his laws of planetary motion – planets orbit in ellipses
The Revolution Begins
• Galileo – first person to use a telescope to explore the
night sky; he became an expert at building refracting telescopes–Discovered evidence for heliocentrism• Jupiter – four moons that revolved around
it – not Earth• Venus – goes through phases like the
moon• Sun – has spots and rotates
The Revolution Begins
• Newton–Developed a new kind of telescope to explore
with – reflector–Wrote the Three Laws of Motion to explain
the movements of the planets– Planets are kept in orbit around the sun by• Inertia – objects in motion stay in motion• Gravity – force of attraction between
objects
The Revolution Begins: Reflect
• M: What do you think were the two most important discoveries made by these astronomers?
• I: Galileo’s findings were rejected the Catholic Church. How would you feel if you were Galileo?
• U: If everyone around you believes in a geocentric universe, hypothesize what their reactions would be when you explain heliocentrism to them.
• S: What would it be like to live on Jupiter and watch four moons orbit around your planet? What explorations would you conduct?
Our Growing Solar System
• Our continued need to explore has helped us learn more about the solar system and our views have changed over time because of that
Our Growing Solar System
• Uranus – discovered in 1781 by William Herschel using a telescope
• Ceres – discovered in 1801; started a big debate that led to the creation of the asteroid catergory
• Neptune – discovered in 1846 using a telscope
Our Growing Solar System
• Pluto – discovered in 1930 by Clyde Tombaugh
• Kuiper Belt – discovered in 1992 • As our tools become more advanced,
we continue to explore and learn about our solar system
Our Growing Solar System: Reflection
• M: What explorations led to Ceres no longer being considered a planet?
• I: If you were in charge of deciding where our next unmanned space probe will go in the solar system, where would you send it?
• U: Draw parallels between Ceres’ demotion from planet to asteroid and Pluto’s demotion from planet to dwarf planet.
• S: Imagine your patient observations night after night lead to the discovery of a new planet. How would you announce your discovery to the world?
Organize the Exploration!
• Create an illustrated timeline using a medium of your choice to organize the explorations that led to our current understanding of the solar system.