m anc

OPE COUEGE

or OLLAND, MICHIGAN

78th ANNIVERSARY - 20 Htye OUege, H«IUB4, MkklgU March l l f 1966

Pledge Period Shortened

S L C Regulates 'Hell Night'

WILSON WINNERS—Alan Cole (second from left), winner of Hope's only Woodrow Wflson fellowship this year, gathers with Hope students who received honorable mention. The others are (from left to right): Richard Wolters, Richard Wepfer, Darlene Bentz, Elga Rusins, and John Elfring.

Hope Has a Wilson Winner;

Four Get Honorable Mention Alan G. Cole, senior mathemat-

ics major at Hope, won a Wood-row Wilson Fellowship, according to word received yesterday from the Foundation. ' ' I t is a very high honor for both student and school," reported the Foundation, " to be one of the 1,408 seniors selected from 11,000 nominated students."

A gradaute of Fremont High School, Cole plans to go into col-lege teaching following graduate school. He has been named an-nually to the Dean's list and is a member of the Blue Key Frater-nity, and Delta Phi Alpha, the German Honor Society.

Other Hope students named to the Honorable Mention List a re :

Darlene Bentz, Albany, N. Y.; and Richard W. Wepfer, South Haven, both in mathemat ics ; Elga Rusins. New Brunswick, N. J . , Richard M. Wolters, Bethesda, Maryland, both in Philosophy; and John A Elfring, Holland, in com-parat ive l i terature.

Purpose of the Fellowships is to discover new potential teach-ers for the nation's colleges and universities. There have been 12,998 Fellows since 1945. One-third of these are women and over 90 per cent are majors in the hu-manities and social sciences. Hope had four Fellows in 1963; six Fel-lows in 1964; and three in 1965.

By George Arwady

Although retaining the basic out-line of the Inter-Fraternity Coun-cil Statement on Initiations adopt-ed in 1964, the Student Life Com-mittee voted Wednesday to add several regulations regarding in-formal initiation and the length of the pledge period.

The committee moved that in-formal initiation, better known as "hell n igh t" "shall consist of no more than 24 hours and may be divided up as the fraternit ies see fit, but that a f ra te rn i ty must in-form the IFC a day ahead when informal initiation procedure will take place ." This period will be subject to inspection by the EFC and infractions of the regulations will be punished according to the provisions of the 1964 s tatement .

The motion on the length of the pledge period approved by the committee stated that the "period would s tar t when bids are accep-ted and shall last for six full school weeks exclusive of all official va-cations and tha t informal initia-tion shall be included in this six week period."

The previous procedure was a semester long pledge period with informal initiation taking place be-tween semesters . This was not only an inconvenience to both pledges and actives, but also was

a greater detr iment to the initi-ate 's academic work. In addition, according to IFC president J a m e s Klein, the longer period "begged violation" of the initiation state-ment.

Remaining in effect is the pol-icy prohibiting "ha ra s smen t of pledges including such activities as calisthentics, rides, paddling, burlap, wearing underwear or less, inducement of nausea and paint-ing of pledges."

Not yet eliminated, however, is the basic problem facing any set of initiation regulations—that of implementation. Members of the committee noted that neither ini-tiates or members are willing to tell of infractions made by their own fraternity. The presence of faculty members or actives of other fraternit ies is also undesir-able, since the traditional nature of the initiation makes it a pri-vate affair . As Wes Michaelson stated, " the IFC cannot really en-

force its regulations." Klein agreed that, in the final analysis, enforcement is " the responsibility of the individual f ra te rn i ty . " Be-yond this, the SLC was unable to devise a new system of enforce-ment.

Chairman Dr. Arthur Jentz said that the fraterni ty initiation prob-lem would be an "ongoing con-cern" of the SLC. Studies will be made of how the problem is dealt with on other campuses in an at-tempt to find a better solution for Hope.

The reassessment of initiation procedures and regulations has fo-cused campus attention on the problem. Disagreement on the question of the aims and goals of hell week is found within the indi-vidual fraterni t ies . The action by the SLC has not permanently re-solved this debate.

In the meant ime, Dean Thomas Carey suggested that a meeting

(Continued on Page 2)

Cornell Will Discuss Education for Leaders

Two Bills to Assist Private Colleges Are Introduced in State Legislature

Two bills to aid private colleges and their students have been in-troduced into the Michigan legis-lature and are being supported by all private colleges in Michigan, according to Henry Steffens, Hope CoUege t reasurer .

One bill is aimed at assisting needy students attending private colleges in the state of Michigan. The proposal would grant up to $500 in one academic year for res-idents of Michigan attending col-leges where the tuition is more than $200 per semester . The amount of the grant would vary from $50 per semester for students whose parents ' income is $9,000-$10,000 to $250 to those whose par-ents make less than $2,000 a year.

The other bill would offer to match the funds being provided by the federal government for buildings to be used for the teach-

ing of modern foreign languages, physical and natural science and math and physics. This provision would maike it possible for a school to construct a building while pro-viding as little as one-third of the cost.

The scholarship bill listed 13 co-sponsors from both political parties. Contacted by the anchor, Governor Romney's Director of Legislative Relations Lucille Kap-linger stated that the governor has not yet taken a position on the bill but that he will be consid-ering it in the near future. Sen-ator Hal Volkema of Holland re-fused to commit himself on the specific bill in question, but did state, "I t can be demonstrated that such a measure can educate students for half the cost in a public college, so from that point of view alone it is almost wrong

to oppose such a plan " State Representative J a m e s Farnsworth, who represents Holland, had not yet studied the bill but said he plans to give it serious consider-ation.

Supporters of the bill argue that it is a good way to take the pres-sure off the large, state-supported universities by allowing many stu-dents to attend private colleges. They will be able to select the college of their choice, rathei ' than being limited to low-price public schools for financial rea-sons alone.

It provides aid to the students of private colleges, rather than the colleges themselves. Thus the academic requirement for assist-ance is acceptance in a private college.

Dr. Douglas Cornell, physicist and president of Mackinac City College, will be the assembly speaker next Tuesday, at 10:30 a.m. in Dimnent Memorial Chap-el. A luncheon will be held at noon in Phelps Conference Room. Interested students may sign up in Dean Vander Lugt's office.

As a physicist. Dr. Cornell is concerned about the value judg-ments which science and technol-ogy will be forcing upon America 's leadership. The nature of these challenges and how our future leaders must be trained in order to meet them will be the subject of Dr. Cornell's speech on Tues-day, "Education for Responsible Leadership."

Mackinac City College, now in its first year, is supported by the Moral Rearmament Assn., an or-ganization seeking world peace and claiming to have been involved in the solution of the Suez crisis as well as other international prob-lems. Hope's Dr. William Van-der Lugt when visiting Mackinac City College this summer noted " the tremendous enthusiasm for their cause" on the part of the M.R.A.

Books about the M.R.A. available

in Western Theological Seminary Library are "The Mystery of Mor-al R e a r m a m e n t " by Tom Driburg, "Tomorrow Could Be Too La te" by Peter Howard, and "Remaking the World" by the founder of M.R.A., Frank Buchman.

C. DOUGLAS CORNELL

Dutch Treat Week Provides Agony and Ecstasy for BMOC

/ • ' '

Ring'Hng. 'For me?'

V 'Hello, this !• Ham' 'Zelda who?' 'Sorry, I have to wash my goldfish/ 'WHEW! Are you kidding me?'

Pag* 2 Hope College anchor March 11, 196*

:

\

Calvin Housemother:

immorality Surges at Hope'

PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT—The present All-College Sing fratern-ity trophy holders, the Emrsonian Fraternity, practice in preparation for this year's sing to be held March 19 at 8 p.m. in the Civic Center. Sorority winner, Delta Phi, along with all the other Greeks have been preparing for this year's event for the past few weeks.

By Pat Canfleld

Hope was host to a special guest speaker this week, Mrs. I r m a Van Schwartz, a housemother from Cal-vin College. Mrs. Van Schwartz attended Calvin and received her D.HM. (doctor of housemothery) f rom the Moody Bible Institute in Chicago.

Mrs. Van Schwartz, a world-re-nowned authority, gave a talk at the Tuesday assembly period titled "Campus Immorality Darkens our Doorsteps." In her speech, Mrs. Van Schwartz said that she found the students' behavior on Friday and Saturday nights in front of the girls' dorms deplorable. She also stated that she found the students' behavior on Monday through Thurs-day nights in front of the girl's dorms deplorable. When asked to comment, she said, "I find the student's behavior in front of the girls' dorms deplorable."

'Mrs. Van Schwartz, her voice barely audible at times, sipoke of

witnessing actual displays of pas-sion in the entranceway of a dorm. She commented, "There they were, this evil boy and wicked girl, ac-tually holding hands and smiling at each other—right there where ev-eryone could see! He almost, you'll pardon the expression, kissed her but thank heaven 1 was on the scene. I rushed over and separ-ated them immediately. In the scuffle that ensued, the girl lost her new diamond ring but I con-sidered that a very just punish-ment for her wrongdoing. After all as Calvin once said, "God moves in mysterious ways.' "

"Firs t ," she explained, " there should be a campus vice squad, operated by the students themsel-ves, who would go around breaking up clutching couples and reporting any other couples they find direct-ly to the nearest housemother. "Secondly, I would recommend the installation of red telephones at strategic points on campus so that civic-minded students could report

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any misconduct they witness di-rectly to the vice squad. "Thirdly, I would suggest a system of fines, similar to the excellent system us-ed by your own Kollen Hall, so that appropriate punishment could be meted out to the offenders. The amount of the fines would be de-termined by the graveness of the misdeamenor committed and would range from $12.50 for holding hands or nuzzling ea r lobes to $100 for F rench kissing. The fines collected would be used for some worth-while purpose, such as distribut-ing religious t racts to all the fra-ternity houses or to pay for hold-ing special prayer meetings in the smoker.

Mrs. Van Schwartz went on to say that these programs had al-ready been initiated at Calvin, •where they had been very success-ful in alleviating the problem of im-morality. She stated, "Why in 1964, the vice squad at Calvin, aptly named the Scarlet Lettermen, col-lected over $3,000 in fines while the present 1966 total is only $1.20. I can not understand why Hope has been so tardy in adopting this tremendous program, especially when perversion is so prevelant among people of Dutch back-ground."

Mrs. Van Schwartz concluded her speech by singing Calvin's alma mater , "Jesus wants me for a sunbeam."

By popular demand, Mrs. Van Schwartz will re turn to Hope's cam-pus in two weeks to hold several seminars for those interested in becoming members of a Hope vice squad and to speak at a tea. The topic of her speech will be, "The Growing Problem of the Cough Drop as it Effects Campus Im-moral i ty."

SLC Changes Pledge Rules

(Continued f rom pa.ge 1) of all members of the cur ren t pledge classes be held at which the IFC would explain their r ights and the regulations concerning ini-tiation as they presently stand.

In other business, the SLC voted to table the ma t t e r of establishing a 2.0 grade point as a minimum average to remain active in a f ra-ternity. A study will be made of the effect of f ra terni ty activities on grade points and the results of this investigation will determine whether the mat te r will again be discussed.

B O O T E R Y

Open Every Day 'Til 5:30 p.m. (Including Wed.)

Mon. and Fri. 111! 9 p.m.

ram THIRST

March 11, 1966 Hope College anchor Page 3

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• .

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Centennial Lecture Series Presents Dr. Morette Rider

A FOREIGN VIP—Bob Donia (left) answers a question posed by Yugoslavia newspaper editor Mihan

Buslach (right) and translated by his U.S. State Department guide, Michael Petrovich during Mr. Bus-

lach's visit to Hope College last weekend.

Role of Yugoslav Paper as Critic, Social Agent Explained by Editor

"Music, Man's Commentary on F a c t s and Feel ings" will be the title of the lecture given by Dr. Morette Rider next Tuesday at 7:30 p .m. in Winants Auditorium as pa r t of the Centennial Lecture Series on Educat ion. Dr. Rider has been di-rec tor of instrumental music at Hope since 1947. He received his Bachelor of Music degree at the University of Michigan in 1947, and his Ph.D. at Columbia University in 1955. He has also studied at L 'Ecole Monteux, Berkshire Music Center , University of Pennsylvania and the University of Rochester.

Dr. Rider has published articles in a number of musical journals including "Rehearsa l Techniques" in the " Ins t rumenta l i s t , " 1962, and "Television for Education in the MSBOA Journal, 1962. He has re-ceived two Time - Life Grants for television series in 1962 and in 1964. Dr. Rider is currently pres-ident of the American String Teachers Assn. and chairman of the Michigan Council of the Arts-Music Committee. He is also on the national board of the National School Orchestra Assn. In addition Dr. Rider is an honorary m e m b e r of the Michigan School Band and Orchestra Assn., a member of the American Symphony Orchestra League and a member of the Inter-

DR. MORETTE RIDER

national Society for Music Educa-tion.

Dr. Marcus Bioch L-Hy P R E S I D E N T

Eastern Magical Sociaty P.O. Box 11 8

New York 9, N.Y.

By Bob Donia Mihan Beslach is chief editor

of Vjesnig, daily newspaper in Zagreb, Yugoslavia, and the third largest daily in the country. He is being given a tour of the U.S. ar-ranged by the State Department , and his i t inerary included a stop at Hope College last Saturday, March 5. Mr. Beslach viewed the campus , visited several fraternity par t ies and also met with faculty. This interview was conducted through Mr. Michael Pearovich, his escort and translator .

anchor: Mr. Beslach, what percent-age of the news printed by your newspaper is f rom Tanjug , the official Yugoslav news agency?

Beslach: In a Vjesnik newspaper this actually takes only about 20 percent of the space. The rest comes f rom the newspaper itself,

anchor: What is the total number of Tan jug repor ters in foreign cap-itals?

Beslach: About 80.

anchor: How m a n y foreign report-e r s does Vjesnik itself have?

Beslach: We have seven corres-pondents in foreign capitals and 15 whom we share with some other newspapers.

anchor: How is Tanjug financed? Is there any subsidy f rom the fed-eral government or any other unit of government? Beslach: Tan jug is actually sup-ported entirely by its own sales. It sells its own services to local newspapers. anchor: Does this mean that a newspaper may represent an in-terest group within the country? Beslach: Yes. It is quite natural that papers are not independent financially. They are very much under the influence of the man or group of men who finance it and inevitably influence the paper, anchor: To what extent is the newspaper in today's Yugoslavia a critic, a social agent? Beslach: In this regard the ambi-tions of every newspaper in Yugo-slavia are enormous. However, the limit to which they can realize this ambition is in direct relation to their ability to portray the news and write about it. The newspapers are independent in the sense that

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they can write as much as they want about certain problems in the society. anchor: Is it possible that a news-paper might criticize the socialist underpinnings of the society? Beslach: In this regard the news-paper plays a very important part . While there is considerable criti-cism of the society, it is not di-rected against the socialist features but against the antisocialist fea-tures. You have many examples where the different people think differently on the s a m e subject.

However, you cannot accuse an-other because he doesn't think in a socialistic way. There a re basic features or tenets of socialism, such as social ownership and attitudes toward persons. However, within that f ramework you can have many different solutions to the problems.

In conclusion, it is very imper-ative that you have f ree discussion and critiques of many features in such a system in order to improve the socialist system. That aspect of public discussion is actually very developed in Yugoslavia.

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THIS SUNDAY

Morning Worship 9:30 A.M. — 11:00 A.M.

SERMON: "The Protestant Confessional"

Guest Miniiter—Rev. Glen Peterman, Preaching

NOPE STUDENTS ARE CORDIALLY WELCOME

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Page 4 Hope College anchor March 11, 1966

Dutch Treat Trauma

I j j . . ; ; •

; K m it ii • • • it it

'Woll, — uh, — ge«, t i t , it tu re wat nict of you to come to too me today. '

anchor editorials

Coming Events FRIDAY, MARCH 11

UCA Film, "Parable ," PM 118, 4 p.m.

"Circus U.S.A.," Phelps Hall, 8:30 p.m.

SATURDAY, MARCH 12 SCA Film, "Parable ," ^Chapel, 8

p.m. "Dogpatch Deal," Carnegie Corn-

fields, 8:30 p.m. to 12:30 a.m. Knickerbocker Informal, "Cas-

cade," G.R., 8 p.m. to midnight. SUNDAY, MARCH 13

SCA Film. "Parable ," Chapel, 8:30 p.m.

MONDAY, MARCH 14 Winter Sports Banquet, 6:30 p.m. Frosh Sing Rehearsal, Winants,

6:15 p m . Dr. R. Schroder, Winants, 8 p.m.

TUESDAY, MARCH 15 Centennial Lecture, Winants, 7:30

p.m. Frosh Sing Rehearsal, Winants,

6:15 p.m. All-College Assembly, Dr. Cornell,

Chapel, 10:30 a.m. Senior Recital, Ritsema-Leestma,

Snow, 8:15 p .m. WEDNESDAY, MARCH 16

SCA, Chapel, 9:20 to 10 p.m. W.A.G., 8 p.m. IFC, Winants, 6:45 to 9:45 p.m.

THURSDAY, MARCH 17 St. Patrick's Day, everywhere, all

day Frosh Sing Rehearsal, Winants,

6:15 p.m. Community Concert, Indianapolis

Symphony Orchestra, Civic Cen-ter.

anchor OUANO, MICHtOAN

Published weekly during the college year except iwcation, holiday and exam-

ination periods by and for the students of Hope College, Holland. Michigan,

under the authority of the Student Senate Publications Board.

Entered as second class matter at the post office of Holland, Michigan. 49423, at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 110) of Act of Congress, Oct. 3, 1917, and authorized Oct. 19, 1917.

Subscription: $5 per year. Printed: leeland Record. Iceland, Michigan. Member: Associated Collegiate Press, Michigan Collegiate Press Assn. Office: Ground Floor of Graves Hall. Phone: 369-2122.

Editor John M. Mulder Managing Editor Paul Verduin News Editor Neal Sobania

Board of Editors

Editorial Assistants .. Randy Miller, Robert Donia

Features Joyce Pollitt Pat Canfield

Sfyorts Glenn Gnuwens Business Jark Knrh Ady>^rfating Boh Srhrorder Critiques Barbara Kouw Copy Ellen Burger

Mary Hnhk'n Pmnf Tfhh\ Cnnk'in Columnists Gordon Korsange

Rob Werge SoddJ Nanry Aumann

Exchange Dick Shiels Secretary Lynn Archambeau Copy readers Margo Hakken

Harriet Heersrhap Zelda Skaplang

Headlines Jim Pohl Cartoonist Murk Menning Photographers Dirk Angstadt

Corliss Nelson Reporters

George Arwady, Darlene Bentz Paul Bleau, Kitty Davis, Linda Den Besten, Marian Grfiner, Tom Hilde-brandt,. Linda Kloote, Rich Hos-ier, Donna Leech, Glen I.ooman, Marty Luther. John Renwirk. Mike O'Rinrdan. Mary Schakel. Bob Son-

neveldt, Bettie Verwey, Bill Wichers.

On Corrections SOMETIMES, WITH FEAR IN OUR

hear t s , we v e n t u r e o u t of o u r cave he re in t h e b a s e m e n t of Graves to see w h a t

the l igh t m a y reveal . Usua l ly this is a r a t h e r t r a u m a t i c e x p e r i e n c e because it des t roys o ld beliefs a n d p re jud ices . O u r r ecen t e x c u r s i o n to P h e l p s H a l l this week was n o excep t ion .

W e h a d always bel ieved tha t the food b e i n g served in the d i n i n g hal l t he re be-longed in the same category as all t h ings bad—the Pi l l , f inal exams, U. S. policy in V i e t n a m , etc. W e fel t t h a t the service was like the G r e a t Society: slow in c o m i n g a n d ineffect ive w h e n it a r r ived . H o w e v e r , in the sp i r i t of P res iden t Johnson a n d of all g rea t m e n w h o have seen the l igh t of t r u t h a n d w h o have c h a n g e d the i r m i n d s , we wish to register a cor rec t ion . W e c a n n o t a l low t h e slings a n d arrows of o u t r a g e o u s abuse wh ich we have d i rec ted a t the S la ter F o o d Service to be o u r final word on the a l l - i m p o r t a n t sub-ject of "col lege f eed ing . "

Sla ter Food Service has i m p r o v e d its

p r e p a r a t i o n of food a n d its service to such a degree t h a t when we saw it, we, well, it was l ike h e a r i n g tha t t h e Blue Key h a d lowered its prices. W c a r r ived at Phe lp s w h e r e the re

was a smal l l ine w h i c h m o v e d qu ick ly . W e saw the choices of f o o d a n d to o u r astonish-m e n t , n o t u n a t u r n o v e r s or mys tery mea t . H a n d s t r e m b l i n g , we r u s h e d fo r the coffee, d r a f t e d a cup , a n d m i r a c u l o u s l y , t h e r e was

n o oil slick.

ACTUALLY, WE MUST CONFESS that we c a n n o t test ify fo r the q u a l i t y of the food wh ich we h a d on o u r trays. T h e

shock of t h a t in i t i a l e x p e r i e n c e was so severe t ha t we c o u l d on ly m a k e a few a t t e m p t s at fork ra is ing. P e r h a p s the mos t a s ton i sh ing p a r t of this e n t i r e d i sp lay of c u l i n a r y ar t i s t ry was w h e n o n e of the Sla ter m a n a g e r s wa lked u p to us a n d asked us if we were e n j o y i n g o u r mea l . T o t h i n k , we t h o u g h t , t h a t he is c o n c e r n e d a b o u t o u r d iges t ive t ract . W e lef t satisfied, filled w i t h the w a r m t h of his conce rn .

A n d so we c a n n o t let the c r i t ic i sms which we have d i r e c t e d aga ins t o u r g o o d f o o d service go u n a n s w e r e d . W e have seen Sla ter Food

Service a n d say t h a t it is good . I t has j o ined the r a n k s of all t h ings g o o d — m o t h e r h o o d , Skiles, D u t c h T r e a t Weeks , P h e l p s porch , the Sen io r H o n o r s H o u s e , e tc . W e s t a n d cor rec ted

by the l ight of t r u t h too yet.

On Educational Aid TW O B I L L S P R O l O S I N G s u p p o r t fo r

M i c h i g a n p r iva t e i ilegcs, recent ly in-t r o d u c e d in t h e legis la ture , deserve t h e

s u p p o r t of all H o p e a lumi . i , facul ty a n d stu-dents .

O n e p roposed bil l w o u l d offer s t u d e n t s a g rea t e r o p p o r t u n i t y to a t t e n d the college of the i r choice ; at the same t ime it p rov ides more e d u c a t i o n for M i c h i g a n s t u d e n t s at re-duced cost to the s ta te .

T h e second bi l l is a p l a n to m a t c h fed-eral ass is tance for b u i l d i n g new a c a d e m i c faci l i t ies a n d will m a k e a pos i t ive c o n t r i b u -t ion to t h e e n r o l l m e n t p o t e n t i a l of Michi-gan p r i v a t e colleges.

T h e bil ls arc n o t a cure-al l , fo r they will no t r e m o v e or d i m i n i s h the respons ib i l i ty of f r i ends of small p r i v a t e colleges to c o n t i n u e the i r s u p p o r t for these i n s t i t u t i ons . If by some u n f o r t u n a t e c a l cu l a t i on the effor t to s u p p o r t p r iva t e colleges were to be r e d u c e d , those schools w o u l d be forced to raise t he i r t u i t i ons a n d the ne t gain to p r e sen t a n d per-

spect ive col lege s t u d e n t s w o u l d be ni l . I t is

t h e r e f o r e jus t as essent ia l as b e f o r e t ha t sup-por t f r o m p r i v a t e sources for p r i v a t e colleges c o n t i n u e a n d increase if this u n i q u e f o r m of va lue -o r i en t ed e d u c a t i o n is to r e m a i n in ex-istence.

DESPITE T H I S QUALIFICATION, however , a d v a n t a g e s p r o v i d e d by the leg is la t ion a re c lear . A s t u d e n t , w i th

h e l p f r o m the school a n d s u p p l e m e n t a r y work income , wil l be ab l e to see the financial l igh t

of day so t h a t he can choose t h e type of inti-m a t e a n d f r i e n d l y a m o s p h e r e w h i c h the pri-vate college in M i c h i g a n offers in con t ra s t to the mu l t ive r s i t i e s wh ich d o m i n a t e so m u c h

ot e d u c a t i o n today . A n d the leg is la ture is r ecogn iz ing the vast p r o b l e m s faced by t h e p r i v a t e col lege in ra i s ing f u n d s fo r new aca-d e m i c faci l i t ies .

T h e e d u c a t i o n a l , financial a n d pe r sona l benef i t s of these bills a re clear. S u p p o r t i n g t h e m s h o u l d be the social r espons ib i l i ty of all f r i e n d s a n d m e m b e r s of the H o p e com-m u n i t y .

On Sidewalks

V

March 11, 1966 Hope College anchor Page 5

Report From Washington

FEGE

By Arnle Fege

It became evident as we observ-ed the governmental processes in Washington, D.C., last semester that the influence of the legislature has been gradually declining and that the pressures of the president and executive branch have 'been in-creasing.

Throughout the year of 1965 the power and influence of the Admin-istration was felt as it never was felt during the Eisenhower or Ken-nedy administrations. In most a-reas, both domestic and foreign, the legislature experienced the heavy hand of the Administration. In only two proposals, that of modifying the 14(b) clause of the Taft-Hart-ley Law and that of home-rule for Washington, D.C., was the Admin-istration seriously set back.

The man behind the powerful ex-ecutive agency, of course, was the tireless and highly political Lyn-don Baines Johnson. Observing the most influencial and dominant man in Washington was an experience in itself. At the same time, his manipulation of legislators was in-credible.

A major factor in the success of Administration policies was the decline and decrease of Republican members of the House and Senate. Members of both parties were duly concerned. In a seminar with Sen-ator George McGovern (D.,S.D.), McGovern stated that "the present conditions of a large Democratic majority in both the House and the Senate is unhealthy." He advocat-ed a "strong and active two-party system."

It is interesting to note, however,

Students Contrast Political LBJ Image With Lingering 'Kennedy Mystique'

that the Democrats are not as un-ified as appears on the surface. The conservative Southern Demo-crats have been a poblem to the Democratic Liberals both on the floor and in the committee room. There has also been cross-voting on the part of the Republicans, es-pecially in the House.

If any generalization can be made, the most accurate would be to state that many of the Adminis-tration policies have been passed, not necessarily because Congress has acted as a "rubber s t a m p " Congress, but rather because those Administration proposals have been popular and the Congress-men have felt a need for such legislation.

By John Simons

There is a peculiar, perhaps even wistful, s tate of mind which has pervaded the ranks of the fed-eral bureaucracy. Although its 2.2 million members now work under President Lyndon Johnson, many still seek guidance in the image and words of the late John F. Kennedy. Here was a man who in his life became an inspiration to those who sought to help the people through government and who in his death became a symbol of hope for the future.

That Lyndon Johnson lacks the Kennedy "myst ique" is more than evident. The President is, on the one hand, better equipped to get the legislation he wants from Con gress, but, on the other hand, he has fared much less spectacularly in the implementation of bills al-ready passed. Several key figures have quit the Administration be-cause they found themselves dif-fering in opinion with the Pres-ident. Not all of these are holdovers from Kennedy's term of office.

What is it, then, which makes Lyndon Johnson only an "ade-quate" administrator? Our views on this subject are a reflection of private interviews which we had with members of the bureaucracy during our six months in Washing-ton. First of all, the President is not a patient man; he prefers quick, often ostentatious, action to a well-planned scheme. Because of this, bureau heads, who know their job much better than the President in the first place, are often pressured into useless schemes to appease an uninformed public.

mtm

John F. Kennedy

Another poinled criticism lies in the character of the President-Johnson is not only impatient; he is a temperamental , hard-to-criticize administrative leader. He resents the fact that he cannot command the bureaucracy to ac-tion and expect immediate results. Giving orders on the Senate floor and making demands of a com-plex as huge as the administra-tive branch are two very different areas; the latter requires a subtle-ty of influence, infinite patience and willingness to give in on oc-casion to achieve results. The bit-ter dispute over the raising of federal reserve rates provides an example of President Johnson's intransigence, even though in this case, he could not remove Fed-eral Reserve Board Chairman Wil-

SIMONS

lian McChesney Martin. As is by now apparent, both

the character of the President, have been vitally affected by the growth of our national govern-ment. Each has had to adjust to a changed role. Congress no longer serves primarily as an ini-tiator of legislation. Rather , it gives bills a thorough investiga-tion and determines how much money is going to be spent. Its role as critic has also increased. The bureaucracy, on the other hand, has greatly increased in size and power. It has become, in effect, the "fourth branch of government ," working in areas of specialization so complex and of-ten so minute that neither Congress nor the President can do more than give broad policy objectives.

It was this intimate understand-ing of federal government and how it really works on an every, day, practical basis, how it has changed so radically from its textbook definitions, which proved to be the most important aspect of the Washington Semester pro-gram. When government is taken out of the abstract and shown in its vitality, as we witnessed it in Washington, it becomes a fas-cinating area of study. The spe-cial speakers, interviews, films and books which were made avail-able to us as students of the pro-gram further enriched our stay in the Capitol.

The beauty and excitement of the city, combined with the educa-tional experience which the se-mester offers, provide a fantastic opportunity for self-enrichment to students of history and political science.

Dear Editor . . .

Readers Examine Campus and Social Issues I would like to enlarge the view

of rescue missions presented in Nelson Murphy's article about his experiences in Chicago. I admire and applaud what he did but it would be misleading to think of rescue mission^ only in terms of his experience.

Rescue missions have been the servants of people on skid row long before enthusiasm for inner-city ministry, now current in the church, began. For 12 years I worked in one of these missions in Los Angeles. I saw the love and dedication of its staff as it pro-vided meals for the hungry, beds for the weary, council for the de-pressed, jobs for the unemployed, medical aid for the sick and Jesus Christ for all. The Pacific Garden Mission in Chicago was recently cited in an article in the Amer-ican Medical Journal for its out-standing medical clinic. The good work of the Bowery Mission in New York, sponsored by the Chris-tian Herald, is well known. And many others, like these, are God's instruments of rescue to rehabil-i tate and redeem men. The roster of each man converted under the preaching of a "windy evangelis t" is long and impressive.

It would be most unfortunate if your readers formed a life-long

impression of rescue missions from this one, brief, negative ex-perience. There is a lot more to the story than that, believe me. Anyone who seeks to do inner-ci.y work seeks a most noble task, but if it is to bear eternal fruit, as well as temporary fruit, it must be truthful to to the gospel which is a message of preparation for the next life as well as help for this life.

I direct this letter at a specific point in order to focus attention on a larger problem. In at tempts to help mankind here and now, there is a strong influence to allow no room for such matters as salva-tion from sin and guilt, the final judgment of Christ and the fact of an eternal heaven and hell. Helping a man make his way in this life without telling him the way to heaven is as false as show-ing him the way to heaven without helping him make his way here. The genius of the gospel lies in the fact that it is not an "ei ther , o r " but a "both, and" proposition.

Dr. Bernard Brunsting Pastor, Firs t Reformed Church Holland, Michigan

We would like to make use of your information medium in order that we might heap praises where

praises are due. Chaperoning 65 high school students for four days does not seem to be too popular a job for anyone, but af ter visit-ing Hope's campus on the weekend of Feb. 19-21 we are eager to go through the ordeal again.

This alarming feeling would not be stirring within us had it not been for the wonderful students of Hope and their spontaneous con-tribution of time, energy and privacy which made that week-end so successful. Hope is the talk of many high schools in oui area, and the students who made the trip are the envy of those who did not.

Wherever our wards went they were given such fine t reatment , whether it was in Phelps' dining hall, touring the campus, visiting classes or just drinking in the at-mosphere of the area. We were amazed when the fraternities in-vited the students in a f te r the game; such hospitality was so un-necessary, especially since it broke into the rushing season. The FOCUS group at Hope Church was so gracious Sunday evening in en-tertaining the group, and the bas-ketball team put on such a great performance against Alma.

Specific instances around the

campus on Monday were notice-able when a Hope student went out of his way to lend a hand to our kids, who were somewhat be-wildered by it all. So many nice things happened to them, and us.

What really counted, though, was the total attitude of the whole campus for exhibiting such a su-perb, genuinely friendly feeling to-ward us. This was so noticeable, and so appreciated by all. Hope has always been tops in our minds, and your showing helped raise this rating even higher. You showed the people from New York what Hope really is, and they were most impressed. Thank you, one and all.

Sincerely, Mrs. Clara LaseUe Mr. David Brower Mr. and Mrs. Gordon Meeusen

We as occupants of Voorhees Hall would like to register a com-plaint and put before the student body a few questions that need some answers desperately!

Recently, the buildings on cam-pus have been inspected for rea-sons of improvement and protect-ive measures. The first of these was Voorhees Hall (the one on the corner of College and Tenth St.

- ivy-covered in summer and pi-geon laden all year round). It was discovered that the building was in dire need of new wiring and various other improvements. vVi'.h bare wires and open outlets, there is an ever-present danger of fire.

There is no means of fire escape and we believe thai some measure should be taken. Why should we become martyrs just to prove a point to the Board of Trustees? We are thinking not only of our-selves but of any future occupants of Voorhees Hall. We believe that if nothing else, the occupants of the second and third floors should be supplied with ropes or some other means of escape. The build-ing is old and well dried out and would burn like a match stick.

Because we are taking in more students every year and any efforts to improve this building are ob-viously wasted in time and money spent, we place before the student body the possibility of building a new dorm in its place. It is all well and good to have an "historic landmark" on campus but why must it be a fire trap?

Fearfully, Diana Williams Marcia Mizevitz

(Continued on Page

The Best of Peanuts Repimled hy permission oj the Chicago Tribune

P E A N U T S WHAT$THI$? \ THAT LITTLE

RED-HAlReD 6iRL DROPPED HER

PENCIL...

GEE...|T'6 60T TEETH MARKS ALL O^ER IT...

5HE NIBBLES ON HER PENCIL...

cr SHE'S HUMAN!

J-2.5-

Page • Hope College anchor March 11, 1966

I' i i r u 11 \ l o m ^

Spectre O NDL: A Sinister

Editor's note: A 1958 graduate of Calvin College, Donald A. Gel-land earned his M.A. from Mich-igan State University in 1960 and joined the Hope faculty in 1963.

By Donald A. Clelland Prefactory note: I have written

the following piece in response to a request from the editors of the anchor for an explication of the meaning of the phrase "New Dem-ocratic Left." I was selected for this task because I have volun-teered to act as faculty sponsor for a new club which has chosen to designate itself by this title. Since I already have been accused of "organizing" this group, I wish to make it quite clear at the outset that I am not its originator or policy-maker, but its advisor (a distinction which should be par-ticularly appreciated by all those supporters of U.S. military policy in Vietnam) and that the opinions here expressed are mine alone. The members of the new campus organization will arrive at their own varied conclusions by means of democratic discussion.)

Spectre Haunting Hope A spectre is haunting Hope

College — the spectre of the New Democratic Left. This object of great dread is, of course, not u-nique to this campus, for in the past few years it has arisen to disturb the dreams of establishmentarians (especially political and educa-tional bureaucrats) across the whole land. If for no other reason than that it has disturbed the in-tellectual slumber of the SO's, I regard the movement as a good thing.

That a spirit of intellectual ennui and social apathy still dominates this campus, however, I take as self-evident. As proof I need only mention the fact that I, and not some student, am writing this state-ment: and that a disproportionate amount of the minimal controversy stirred in these pages has resulted from articles written by faculty members.

But what, then, is this spirit of the new democratic Left that so disturbs so many? In order to answer this question we must first examine the nature of the "old" Left. Having done so, we may well

conclude that the "new" Left is not new at all. Nevertheless, even a forceful application of the prin-ciples of the old left by* a vig-orous minority (like a forceful application of true Christianity) would be a new thing at Hope College.

"Left" Defined

The term "Lef t" in politics has, to many Americans (especially those of superstitious bent), many threatening and malign connota-tions. And rightfully so. The Latin word for "left hand" is "sinister." Those on the Left have always been, and wish to be, sinister and threatening to all those with graveyards to defend. Traditionally, the democratic Left has stood for social reform as against defense of the status quo; for a more egalitarian as against a more hier-archical society; for greater par-ticipation by all in the making of all decisions which shape one's life as against rule by an elite; for the "have-nots" as against the "haves." The democratic Left thus includes both liberals (in the 20th century American usage of the term) and democratic socialists.

Not Communist

I have repeatedly used the term "democratic" in describing the Leftist position which I wish to defend. Despite the fact that a minority of the current "New Left-ists" are unwilling to differentiate between the democratic and total-itarian Left (communism), and despite the fact that vast numbers of Americans are proud to admit that they cannot distinguish be-tween totalitarian communism and in the hard and often dangerous democratic socialism "on the map." the two hold less in common than. say. Norman Thomas and William Buckley.

The Leftist tradition can be trac-ed as far back as the Old Testa--ment. but in its modern form it developed as a response to the injustices of the Industrial Rev-olution. The "New Lef t" of the 60's can, I believe, be viewed as a response to the inequities of the technological and social revolution through which we are living to-day, the Bureaucratic Revolution.

F O C U

COLLEGE

GROUP S

Dr. M u i l e n b u r g , v i s i t ing professor of Re l ig ion , will give

ins ight i n t o the book " T h e Secular C i ty , " by H a r v e y Cox.

His c o m m e n t s will c en t e r a r o u n d this book ' s p rovoca t ive

t h e m e a n d i m p o r t a n t t h o u g h t of its a u t h o r . I t s h o u l d

p rove to be a n i n t e r e s t i ng discussion as Dr . M u i l e n b e r g is

a n exce l l en t speaker , d iscuss ing a t op ic w o r t h every stu-

den t ' s a t t e n t i o n !

Don't Forget:

Sunday, March 13—7:00 P.M. at Hope Church

Dr. Muilenberg with comments on

"The Secular City"

Al l Are Invited

The student of the 60's finds him-self boxed in an organizational world, surrounded by racial injus-tices and inequalities of opportun-ity. and forced to submit to the hypocrisy and "higher ipimoral-ity" of elite decision-makers who narrowly limit his liife chances and choices. To rephrase Marx (again), the history of present generations weighs like a nightmare on the brains of the living.

Revolt Coming An unplanned technological and

social revolution is taking place before our blindered eyes. In the words of Michael Harrington, the question "is not whether there will be a revolution, but whether there will be revolutionaries to direct it, consciously and democratically." The members of the "New Left" wish to be included among thosoe revolutionaries. With Paul Good-man they declare: "The society I live in is mine." Thus the New Leftist asks and demands greater participation in the making of de-cisions which shape the structure of his society and the direction of his life. The "new" Left shares with the "old" a concern for social reform, equality, democratic par-ticipation and identification with the outcasts of society. It is dis-tinquished from the old Left in a positive manner by its greater em-iphasis on morality and its greater willingness to participate octively work of social reform (for example the Negro voter registration drive of SNCC>. Moreover, it wishes to rid itelf of much of the 19th cen-tury ideological baggage of the old Left. The new democratic Left stands outside the two major par-ties because it refused to accept the Johnsonian equation—that the Great Society equals the Great Consensus—a myth which hides a conservative, non-democratic, elit-ist conception of politics.

The new democratic Left de-clares: Outsiders of Americ unite— you have nothing to lose but the bonds of your enslavement to the organization fantasy.

MARY LEESTMA EVONNE TAYLOR RITSEMA

Seniors Yvonne Ritsema,

Mary Leestma Give Recital Mary Alyce Leestma, contralto,

and Evonne Taylor Ritsema, pian-ist. will present their senior recital next Tuesday, at 8:30 p.m. in Snow Auditorium.

Gloria Mooi will be the accom-panist for Miss Leestma who will open the program with the aria "Si. tra i ceppi" from "Berenice" by Handel. Following the aria will be two selections by Scarlatti "Se Florindo e fedele" and "Le Vio-lette" and Secchi's "Lungi dal Caro Bene."

Mrs. Ritsema will play Bach's "Sinfonia in E Major ," Debussy's "Danseuses de Delphes" from "Preludes, Book 1," and Liszt's "Etude in D-flat Major ."

Then Miss Leestma will sing four songs by Brahm, "Sapphische Ode." "Sonntag," "Wie Melodien zieht es mi r" and "Vergebliches Standchen." She will also sing "The Star" by Rogers, "On a Screen" (from "Water Colors") and "The Odalisque" by Carpenter, and "The Lilac Tree" by Gartlan.

Mrs. Ritsema will conclude the program with a performance of Brahm's "Sonata in F-sharp Min-or, Op 2" in four movements.

Miss Leestma, a student of Miss Morrison, is a member of the Chap-el Choir, president of Kappa Delta Chi sorority and president of the

Panhellenic Board. She teaches 13 private piano pupils in Holland. Af-ter graduation she will be teach-ing elementary school in Yorba Linda. Calif.

Mrs. Ritsema, a student of Mr. Aschbrenner. is a member of the Chapel Choir, and was a member of Kappa Chi and a cheerleader. After graduation she will teach music in the elementary grades in Holland.

APO Announce Rush Events

The spring rush of the Nu Beta chapter of Alpha Phi Omega, na-tional service fraternity, will begin Monday. The activities are as fol-lows:

March 14—9 p.m.—Coffee hour, Snow Auditorium.

March 16—7 p.m.—Literary meet-ing, Rev. Hillegonds speaking on "The Clergy and the Soldiers," Phelps Conference Room.

March 18—After concert — Cof-fee Hour.

According to John Zavachy, rush chairman, all men are invited to rush, including members and pled-ges of social faternities. He em-phasized the goal of the fraternity as service to campus, community, nation and self.

Readers Speak Out

Dear Editor . . . (Continued from Page 4)

While it is encouraging to see Hope professors receive grants for special projects, I cannot help question the rationale behind the $18,165 grant given to Professor Clelland. From what I understand, Poverty Program money is being used to study poverty. Now doesn't this seem a little need-less—to be spending the money in this way? Why not use it for the poverty stricken people, if it is Poverty Program money?

I was under the impression that the Poverty Program money was to help the poor, not to help peo-ple study the poor. It seems to me that some how these extras of the program could be cut down a little, if not a lot. I just hope

that after all of the grants are given out there will be SOME money left to help the poor!

Nancy Rajsky

Hope is supposedly a Christian college, and in most aspects it is, but there exists on Hope's cam-pus a group of students who put themselves above their peers and expect the other students to ac-cept their opinions as being the only acceptable ones in existence. In this group are those who have condemned the New Democratic Left as a communist-front organi-zation or as an ultra-radical group of students which has nothing bet-ter to do than criticize.

These "r ighteous" people have

"PARABLE" An Outstanding Film to Be Shown

TODAY at 4 P.M. in P.M. 118—Rev. Hille-gonds will lead following discus-sion.

SATURDAY at 8 P.M. in Dimnent Chapel -—Dr. Jentz will lead following discussion.

SUNDAY at 8:30 P.M. in Dimnent Chapel —Reverend Clark will lead fol-lowing discussion.

condemned a group that has not even been completely organized as an official Hope College group. How can any person condemn a group withou' even knowing what the group will do? Are Hope Col-lege students so omniscient that they can set themselves up as judges? "Judge not, that you be not judged." Having been taken from Matthew 7:1, this quotation does not lose its meaning by be-ing taken ou4 of context because Matthew 7:2-5 is a parable which concerns judging other people.

To those who know nothing of the N.D.L., I would like to invite them +o a meeting. At least, if they still do not like the N.D.L., they will know what it stands for. If they do like our pla'form, then they can join.

May I add that the above is a personal opinion and does not nec-essarily represent the views of other N.D.L. members.

Robert Welch

We, as a group, have received a great deal of information on the purposes and goals of the trip to impoverished areas planned for spring vacation by the Social Con-cerns Committee of the Student Senate to observe the social and economic problems there. There are many students on campus who are uncertain as to what these purposes are. Therefore we would like to have the Social Concerns Committee clarify their goals for the benefit of the students.

New Democratic Left

March 11, 1966 Hope College anchor Page 7

Senate Downs Honor Code; Kletz Committee Reports,

The meeting of the Student

Senate Tuesday night began with

discussion of an honor code. Un-

der the proposal, students and

professors could leave an exam

room at will, the only requirement

being the signing of an oath.

Any violations would be reported by the students themselves. Al-though Dean William Vander Lugt and President VanderWerf favored at least par ts of the code, there was student opposition to it, and a motion by Dave de Velder oppos-ing the code was seconded and passed Rplurtance to accuse fel-low students was a major cause of the defeat of the proposal.

The Elections Committee rec-ommended tftat election of stu-dent senate president and class presidents be held a week later than scheduled so as not to inter-fere with symphonette and choir tours. A motion to this effect was passed.

Thte Kletz Com^jittee reported that V h a d requested a color tele-vision, an AM-FM radio and a clock and recommended that "tippsy tables" be tightened.

Business Manager William Wil-son said that the television would be impractical because the stu-dents could not care for it prop-erly, "which proves that commu-nism could never work in Amer-ica." The radio, he continued, would be installed if the frater-ities and sororities paid for it, and added that he would investigate the tightening of the tables.

When asked about fireproofing the Kletz so that students could smoke, he remarked that the un-dertaking would involve changing the entire interior of Van Raalte Hall, which would be infinitely more expensive than tearing it down. The subject was immedi-ately dropped. He did not, how-ever, rule out the possibility of adding the clock.

I he Channeliii«x

Homage to the Snow By Rob Werfe

Before we leap into the puddle-wonderful spring, I wish to see the snow still lying about on the ground. Usually where the con-crete walk curves not-so-efficiently into the chapel or out of the chapel, he whiteness waits long to be melted. It is not even seem-ingly enough to let someone slip it round into a ball to go whizzing at some too obviously profound head.

Still, snow served us well this winter. The night before the pos-sibly impossible physics test, try-ing not to study and yet trying not to feel guilty because you were sure that someone somewhere was studying and the wisdomed prof curves exams like an off key car-ousel, on that cold brain night when the facts became figures floating off the page, on that dark night of words, charts, graphs

and pepsi-bottles reaching in a pile skyward—then it snowed. And the flakes rained like unto forty days if not nights ending and it seemed to make the world whole or was it that you fell asleep and dreamed never of the dawning questions but only of this still night's snowing.

Too. for the day-dreaming in the ruined class rooms, the snow made you wish you could escape so easy, just by falling over and over. And so you, trying to count the numberless numb sounds drift-ing down, didn't hear the verbal questions asked and so fell by the grade's wayside and that must be why you were C'd in that course instead of B'd. It snowed too on that night of the Grand Rapids pre-filmed festival and you could not go so you walked up and down the floundering sidewalks kicking

o

A Quick Look at Campus News New Enrollment

Enrollment this semester has dropped from last semester 's high of 1706 to 1665. The men again outnumber the women, 882 to 783.

Students lost through transfer or January graduation have been partially compensated for by 76 new students who enrolled this semester. Of these 76 new stu-dents, three are from foreign countries: Ruby Beatson from Burma, Jackie Pham Thi Dung from Viet Nam and Timothy Tam from Indonesia. This brings the total of foreign students now on campus to a total of 41.

Several students have returned from foreign study: Robert Donia from Yugoslavia, Karen Ward from Beirut, Lebanon, and Fay Heines, Janet Arnon and Linda Dykstra from Bogota, Columbia. John Simons and Arnold Fege have just completed a semester 's work in Washington, D.C., where Patr ick Price and Marilyn Hoff-man have just begun their studies.

Harpsichord Fund Hope CoUege recently received

a gift of $2,700 from the De )Witt Foundation of Zeeland for the purchase of a harpsichord. Ramer Schutze, one of the world's finest builders of musical instruments, has been asked to build the instru-ment. Delivery of the custom-built Schutze harpsichord is ex-pected within the year.

The instrument will be a two-manual one, patterned after a 17th century Flemish model and will have a walnut finish. The harp-sichords presently used by the college for recitals are not c o l l i e -owned; they belong to J ames Tal-lis who teaches harpsichord in tne music department.

Indianapolis Symphony The Indianapolis Symphony Or-

chestra under the direction of Izler Solomon will present the final concert in the Community Concert Series Thursday at 8:15 p m at the Holland Civic Center.

Founded in 1930, the Symphony presents more than 100 concerts annually, many of them on tour of the United States. In November

'65 it made its second appearance in Carnegie Hall. The orchestra 's youth program is one of the most extensive in the nation.

Mr. Solomon, whom the New York World-Telegram described as "one of the elect of the American podium . . . a firebrand . . . a first-class conductor," has been di-rector of the orchestra since 1956. Before that he headed symphony orchestras in Columbus, Buffalo, Lansing and New Orleans. From 1956 to 1961 he served as musical director of the Aspen, Colorado. Music Festival.

Peace Corps Visitor Charles Farmer will be on

Hope's campus next Monday and Tuesday to interview students in-terested in the activities of the Peace Corps.

Mr. Farmer is a returned volun-teer from Nepal, where he spent two years.

His project concentrated on de-veloping interest in a number of small-scale construction projects and involving the people in some of the political problems of the nation. He calls his two years with the Peace Corps in Nepal 44. . . the most rewarding experi-ence I have ever had."

Choral Reading Robert Wegter's public recital

class is presenting the choral reading "Christ in the Concrete City," for civic groups and churches in Holland and Grand Rapids. Any sorority or fraternity interested in the program for a literary meeting should contact Mr. Wegter.

IRC Spring Banquet Dr. Jackson Bailey, coordinator

of international studies for the Great Lakes Colleges Assn. and specialist on modern Japanese history, will address the spring banquet of the Hope College In-ternational Relations Club at 7

HOLLAND EX 4-8597

^I/wnJv Quxth/w

YA\CA

p.m. Tuesday in Phelps Confer-ence Room. He will speak on the topic, " Japan ' s Reaction to the U. S. Position in Vietnam."

Dr. Bailey is also scheduled to answer questions in a discussion of GLCA programs for overseas study in the Kletz at 4 p.m. Tues-day.

Tickets for the banquet are 25 cents for boarders and $1.50 for non-boarders.

Protestant Monk Brother Jacques, a monk from

the Protestant religious commu-nity of Taize, France, will visit Hope College next Tuesday and Wednesday. Brother Jacques will be leading morning chapel serv-ices and Wednesday vespers.

The Taise community, which is the only monastic order in the Re-formed tradition, is considered the most important Protestant com-munity of this century.

Dutch Treat Week Hope's annual Dutch Treat Week

will be climaxed this week-end by the Circus U.S.A., a variety show sponsored by the junior class, and by Dogpatch Deal, a dance sponsored by the sopho-more class.

"Under the big top" will be the Shady Hollow Singers, Phil Rau-werdink, Ken Walz, and a circus band.

Popcorn, peanuts, candy and soda pop will be sold. A side show, complete with bearded lady, snake charmer, and strong man will begin at 8:15 p.m. Ad-mission for the event is fifty cents per person.

Saturday night's dance will be held in "Carnegie Cornfields" from 8:30 p.m. to 12:30 p.m. Those attending will be wearing dogpatch costumes and will dance to the music of the Dyno-Vybe 475. Special guest, Marrying Sam, will marry the girl and guy vho were married most often in

ZEELAND 9 EAST 10th St.

the Pine Grove this afternoon. The price of admission is $0.98 per couple, and $0.73 stag.

Last Monday night 15 fraternity men and three freshmen tapped the resources of the Bachelor Bank amid squeals of delight from the girls.

Evening Lit Course

An evening course at Hope Col-lege was begun on Feb. 21 to study the development of Ameri-can values revealed in American literature from our colonial ori-gins to the present.

Sponsored by the Louis and Helen Padnos Communitv Educa-tion Fund and the College, the seminar, "American Literature and the American Dream," di-rected by Joan E. Mueler, assit-ant professor of English.

Under discussion are Haw-thorne's ' 'The Scarlet Let ter ," F. Scott Fitzgerald's "The Great Gatsby," Thoreau's "Walden," Clemens' "Adventures of Huckle-berry Finn" and others.

at drifts until you realized your shoes were wet-soaked and you laughed for no reason more than your unreasoned self. And the wind blowing its weight into your face on the way to the dungeoned Kletz and the coffee finally throw, ing itself down the throat was, for the first time in all your remem-brance, good.

Again this snow hid from eyes the monotonies of sprawled brick dorms, and the backs of downtown storied buildings. It hid the lawn all evenly spread and we, all of you and I, could walk strong on the back of the earth, leaving the walks for janitors and secretaries. Not worrying about heeling the mud or breaking blades of the campus property's grass, we can be late to class across it, because— we knew—the ground was frozen. Oh. those too-many steps we thus saved and the freedom of it all.

There would be more in the mornings than when we last, turn-ing off the electricity, saw. It would smother up about the ankles as the 7:55 procession weaved through the whiteness to hear the Word and several t imes we almost fell, but instead only our books dropped. And we cursed, very loudly, but really didn't care for they were library books al-ready half-read and, like our-selves, half-old.

And the snow gave us excuses for not going to meetings, for not going to class, for getting colds and sneezing and getting svm-pathy, and for getting back to the dorm late. "But Mrs. B., we goi lost in a snowstorm," and up her house-mother's evebrows arched. You could watch grammar-schooled kids having snowball fights with no more care but that they knew they had to be home before dark.

So it was good, I think, this now-ending winter. The ground comes through brown, almost bud-ding, life a million or so per square inch of earth. And a warm air swings casually around Graves and soon, very soon, we can sit on the steps of Graves looking pine-groveward and not thinking of anvthing but the good, true and beautiful. But now. in this last worded moment, wish some snow in the hand and sling it singing toward that same sun.

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Dependable Jewelers for Over a Quarter Century

6 West Eighth Street

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y CORDIALLY INVITES HOPE STUDENTS

TO JOIN IN HAVING FUN THE Y's WAY

Life Saving

Recreational Swimming

Senior Leaders Club

Preient thii ad and receive a 50% discount on our

regular $10.00 Adult fee.

The STUDENT CHURCH

Dimnent Memorial Chapel

This Sunday at 10:45 A.M.

Dr. James Muilenberg, Preaching

O

Page s Hope College anchor March 1966

J. V.'s Find Key to Success In Balance and Teamwork

CLARE VAN WIEREN

CARL WALTERS , / ' - V h

FLOYD BRADY

ROY ANKER

Four Dutchmen Get MIAA Honors: Van Wieren, Brady, Anker, Walters

Hope Senior Clare Van Wieren and Sophomore Floyd Brady have been named to the 1966 All-MIAA basketball team. The first team also includes Bill DeHorn, Calvin; J im Peters , Kalamazoo; and Gor-don Lofts, Olivet-

Van Wieren is the only mem-ber of the first team who was on last year ' s first team. Roy Anker is the only representative of the Hope squad on the AU-MIAA sec-ond eam. Ed Douma and Kim Campbell of Calvin along with Mark Garre t t of Adrian and Tom Crawford of Kalamazoo complete the second team.

Honorable mention was awarded to Carl Walters, who was unable to complete the season due to a knee injury.

Four Hopites Win Oratory Awards at DIT

Four Hope College students re-ceived awards in the Michigan Oratorical Peace Contest held Fri-day and Saturday at the Detroit Institute of Technology.

Miss Bemice Van Engen, a Hope senior, placed first in the women's division of oratory, speaking on

"A Casual Approach to War." This is the fourth consecutive year that Hope College has cap-tured a first in state oratoriral division of the contest. In 1963, Paul Swets won first In oratory; in 1964 Jim Korf took a first; and in 1965, Jacob Ngwa captured first.

Along with Miss Van Engen's first prize award of fifteen dollars, the sponsor, the Kniyhts of Pyth-ias Grand Lodge of Michigan, awarded three third prize awards of five dollars each to Thomas Hildebrandt, a Hope freshman, who was third in the men's ora-tory, Darlene Hansen, a junior at Hope, who placed third in wom-en's ex tempore speech, and Ja-cob Ngwa, Hope senior who tied for third in the men's extempore speech.

Dr. Willis Schrier, chairman of Hope's Speech Department, was the coach of the oratorical divi-sion, and M. Harold Mikle coached the ex tempore speakers.

The All-MIAA Most Valuable Player Award recipient for this year will be selected from among senior Clare Van Wieren, Hope; senior Jim Peters , Kalamazoo; senior Mark Garret t , Adrian; sen-

The Hope College women's bas-ketball team, coached by Daughn Schipper, won four of its seven contests to give them a winning season.

The team was captained by sophomore De^ VanderVlucht, while f reshman Shirley Nevins led the team in scoring for the season by collecting 58 points.

Carrie VanWieren, who seems to be following in her brother Clare's footsteps, scored 48 points in three games last semester , for an average of 16 points per game. Carrie did not play second semes-ter .

Defense, a big factor in many of their victories, was led by Linda and Shirley Lawrence. Also put-ting in good defensive performanc-es were f reshman Jean Anderson

ior Ed Douma. Calvin; sophomore Gordon Lofts, Olivet; sophomore Rick Warmbold and f reshman Ed Stevens, Albion. Each of these players has been selected MVP of his resepctive team.

and sophomore Sue VanWyk. The starting forward positions were alternated among f reshmen J an Sebens, Margo Hakken and Deb-bie Delp.

Giving the team strength from the bench were sophomore Melissa Parker , junior Nancy Alexander and f reshman Laura Hammon.

The team was victorious over Kalamazoo, Western Michigan, and Olivet, while falling in defeat to Calvin and Goshen.

Women's Basketball Scores

Hope 35 Calvin 49 Hope 20 Goshen 53 Hope 42 Kalamazoo 27 Hope 31 West Mich. 18 Hope 47 Kalamazoo 31 Hope 51 Olivet 8 Hope 27 Calvin 42

By Mike O'Riordan Cal Beltman, Denny Bobeldyke,

Rick Bruggers, Bob Essink, Dale Grit, John Leenhouts, Dave Oeg-ema, Lloyd Schout, Dave Utzinger and Bruce Van Huis may be unfa-miliar names to fans of Hope Col-lege basketball. These young men iplayed on Hope's unsung junior varsity basketball team, which compiled an 11-5 record this season.

When these men tried out for the team this year, all had widely varied backgrounds. Most of them played high school ball, some play-ed recreation ball, and others church league. Coach Darrel Sied-entop known as "Seid" by the boys, attests to this fact as he states, "Another par t of my job is to take our freshmen, who have come from various high school experi-ences and, through practices and a 16-game schedule, introduce them to the individual offensive and defensive techniques and team patterns that we like to use in our varsity program.

"Our freshmen this year probab-ly had more high school experience than any group we have had in recent years . The starting five in our first games was the best starting five that I have had since taking over the junior varsity in 1960." It is an extremely difficult job to mold a group of players into a cohesive unit. Coach Sied-entop deserves a great amount of credit for developing such a fine ball club.

Varsity coach Russ DeVette will agree wholeheartedly on this point. Coach DeVette points out that during the season, he brought four members of the junior varsity team up to the varsity. But the team played very good basketball despite the fact that their forces were depleted. Coach Siedentop contributes, "During the middle of the season, we lost 40 points a game when Schout and Beltman

no longer played with us, but others stepped into the vacancies created by the losses and turned in outstanding performances. John Leenhouts, Rick Bruggers, and Dave Oegema were the most out-standing examples, but there were games when the tide was turned by Dennv Bobeldyke, Dale Grit or Bob Essink.

The scorebook bears out Coach Siedentop's last point. Almost every man scored over 20 points in one game or another to become the high scorer for that game. "We got outstanding scoring from Lloyd Schout during the first third of the season, f rom Cal Beltman during the middle of the season, and f rom Bruce Van Huis at the end of the schedule," he comment-ed.

However, other members of the team were not fa r behind in the battle for scoring honors. This indicates the importance of good teamwork and unselfishness. Be-hind these combined scoring ef-forts, the JV's, after splitting their first four games, caught fire and gained the victory in nine of their next 10 ballgames. Five of these games had 90 plus point totals, a very high average.

All the players a re now looking forward to next season when they hope to make the varsity team. Coach DeVette stated that there are openings on his squad for any-one who is capable of filling them.

Beltman, Van Huis, Utzinger, and Leenhouts have the best chance of gaining a promotion since three of the four have had experience on the varsity. How-ever. f reshman boys often make a transition between the f reshman and sophomore years. Some im-prove greatly, while others feel that they have not imnroved enough to make the grade and withdraw.

Girls' Basketball Team Has 4-3 Winning Season

YOU WERE ON MY MIND—The "Thought and Soul" sound of the

We Five will come alive at the Civic Center on Friday, March 18, at

8:30 p.m. A Student Entertainment Series ticket may be exchanged

for a seat 15 rows back from the front of the auditorium. Balcony

tickets are being sold at $1.75 and the first 15 rows for $2.00 The $1.50

from the Entertainment Series ticket may be applied to one of the

other tickets if the student wishes to pay the difference. Tickets

will be sold in Van Raalte all next week.

Basketball Statistics

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Van Wieren, F 22 202 397

Brady. G 22 146 307

Anker, C 22 91 168

Potter, F 22 73 181

Walters, G 15 69 155

Klein, G 21 21 53

Rypma, G 8 19 59

Pelon, G-F 10 18 49

Beltman, G 14 16 37

Utzinger, G 12 6 15

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scrubbed denims "Competition slripel"

colored sneakers

Levi Sta-Prest "Ban-Ion"

THINK SPRING swim suits "wet-look"

windbreakers and jackets

Jarman shoes Paisley shirts

OF HOLLAND

(14-16 Wost Eighth Street)

USE YOUR COLLEGE CREDIT CARD

Your Guide to Some Jobs That Need Doing - In Asia, Africa, Latin America SEE PAGE 6

BUSINESS AS U S U A L - L y n d a Wilson, Brewster, Wash. (Univ. of Washington) returned to work as reading instructor at a lepro-sarium near Santo Domingo after last year's coup in the Dominican Republic. At height of f ight ing she worked as hospital orderly along with many other Peace Corpsmen. Volunteers were recog-nized and given safe passage by both sides dur ing the fighting.

THE INDIVIDUAL

Iconoclasts: Trees Do

Not A Forest Create In an e r a of the n o n - u n i v e r s i t y , (he P e a c e C o r p s ha s the n o n -

V o l u n t e e r . T he " i m a g e " V o l u n t e e r s e e m s to exis t on ly in t he m i n d

of t he p u b l i c ; P e a c e C o r p s m e n f ind s u c h c o n s e n s u s m i s l e a d i n g if no t

m y t h o l o g i c a l . W h a t a V o l u n t e e r d o e s a n d w h a t o v e r s e a s e x p e r i e n c e

d o e s to h i m a r e wide ly v a r y i n g a n d c o m p l e t e l y ind iv idua l m a t t e r s .

It is i m p o s s i b l e to say "this is w h a t it 's l ike . " A t bes t , a d e s c r i p t i o n

of the P e a c e C o r p s Fo res t c o m e s f r o m a c o l l e c t i o n of v i e w p o i n t s

f r o m the i n d i v i d u a l V o l u n t e e r T r e e s :

WHAT'S ON

THE INSIDE TRAINING: The m a k i n g of a Vol-

u n t e e r — t h e target is rele-

vancy.

See Page 3

Q&A: Most asked q u e s t i o n s

a b o u t Peace Corps se lec t ion ,

t r a i n i ng . Page 8

1966 T R A I N I N G PROGRAMS: A

d i rec to ry of Overseas open-

ings in 46 na t ions . Page 6

TRADITION: 'They Laughed When

We Sat Down at the Wor l d to

Play ' Page 2

WHAT'S IT LIKE?: Vo lun tee rs

desc r i be some of t he prob-

lems they face in A f r i ca , Far

East and L a t i n A m e r i c a n as-

s i g n m e n t s . Pages 4, 5

IMPACT: Can Peace Corps e f fec -

t i veness be measured? Some

s c i e n t i s t s have t r ied . Page 3

EDUCATION: The Peace Corps

t r i es to m e l t a F reud ian ice

cap . Page 2

"I claim wc joined the Peace Corps because it represented a new

form of act ion . . . a belief in the dignity and worth of individual human beings against all that would

oppress t h e m ; a fai th that the right decisions a re those that people make for themselves ; that only the people

can identify the problems that are basic for them, and that the only lasting solut ions are those that peo-

ple work out for themselves ."

— G e o r g e Johnson , Pr ince ton , 1959,

T a n z a n i a

"It 's my world and I am responsi-

ble fo r it and there fore I wanted to become involved — Not just to sit behind a desk in the states, make money and go skiing on weekends ."

—Bill Cull , Universi ty of Cal i for -nia at Berkeley, 1963, Malays ia

" I 'm sure that my goals — those first t hough t s — have changed at

least fifty t imes. I say changed, but

I mean sh i f ted , or grown, or 'ma-tured ' . . . modified by realism over-coming idealism. Exper ience , adap-

tat ion. and real izat ion h a m m e r away high flown ideals and occasional ly

shat ter t hem. It becomes a feat to concen t r a t e on existing. But ideals really don't get lost . . . they turn up when an awful ly bad kid finally shapes up or an insolent teenage girl hugs you and says

' thanks. ' If I'm still here next year, it will be because there is a challenge, a reason ."

—Carol Fineran, Southeastern Col-lege, 1964, Venezuela

"I live in a picturesque b a m b o o mat house I built myself . I buy my water f r o m a picturesque boy

Turn to Page 5

PEACE CORPS WDRLD: l»HR FIFTH BMIHOAY Brash Idea for Waging Peace Comes of Age

Derided in its infancy as a fut i le

a t tempt at in ternat ional goodwill , the Peace C o r p s observes its f if th b i r thday this spring as an estab-lished force fo r world change that

has succeeded beyond the d reams of many of its suppor ters .

Tes t imonia ls to the increasing potency of its globe-circling opera-

tions come in a variety of ways, a m o n g t h e m :

• Once ridiculed by de t rac tors as "Kennedy ' s Kiddie Corps . " the

brash young organiza t ion has be-come the most widely copied organi-zation of its kind in the world. Thir ty na t ions in Europe . Lat in Amer ica . Asia and Af r i ca have created Internat iona! or nat ional voluntary service agencies modeled a f te r the Peace Corps .

• About 10,200 Volunteers are now at work in 46 emerging na-tions. and the demand for them has long exceeded the supply. As a re-sult. the requests of more than 20 nat ions for Volunteers have had to be turned down .

Ano the r measure of its effective-

ness is that the Peace Corps , which struggled in its early years to prove that Amer i cans could live abroad without supermarke t s , is now talk-ing about nat ion-bui lding.

Na t ion-Bui ld ing in Af r i ca

This concept is seen most readily in Afr ica , where in six na t ions more than one-half of all high-school teachers with college degrees are

Peace C o r p s Volunteers . In Nigeria

one out of three s tudents — or more than 50.000 a year — are taught by Volunteers . In Malawi the work of fewer than 200 Volunteer

teachers has enabled the government to t r ip 'e secondary school enroll-ment f rom 2.500 to 7.600.

In Lat in Amer ica . Volunteers are br inging a significant number of people into a real re la t ionship with their own governments fo r the first time. A Peace C o r p s educat ional tel-evision project in C o l o m b i a is mak-ing a deep impact on remote areas and. in the process, revolut ionizing that nat ion 's public educat ion sys-tem.

In Chi le , a credit union movement

Q \

J k\,M

57 VARIETIES OF L A N G U A G E - A French instructor at Putney, Vt. gives Guinea-bound trainee a cr i t ique dur ing lab session. Peace

Corps is now the country's biggest consumer of foreign language materials. Some 10,000 trainees received up to 300 hours each of instruct ion dur ing past year in one or more of 57 languages, some of which have not yet been formal ized in text books.

spurred by Volunteer efforts is, ac-cording to one observer , "b looming like wildflowers." Modera te interest

loans are now available fo r the first t ime in many areas there .

Peace C o r p s health p rograms are mak ing life longer and more enjoy-able for large numbers of peoples in the developing wor ld . While

nurses and public heal th workers have been at tracted to Peace C o r p s service f r o m the beginning, doc tors have always been in short supply.

Doctor ' s Project

A b reak th rough came in the sum-mer of 1965. when 17 doctors were t ra ined as a g roup in N o r t h Ca ro -lina and assigned to posts in seven nat ions ot Asia and A t n c a . it was

the largest group of Vo lun tee r doc-tors ever trained together fo r service overseas . The Peace Corps , in an unpreceden ted move, al lowed them to take a long their dependents . Ulti-mate ly . Peace Corps Direc tor Sar-gent Shriver says, the agency 's overseas medical p rog ram should in-clude "at least 500 doc tors . "

But as the Peace C o r p s enters its sixth year , it appears that the agency may have its most impor t an t effects

on the Uni ted States itself — effects t ransmi t ted through the re turned Volunteer .

18,000 Returned Volun tee r s

In a letter to a f r i end , a f o r m e r Peace C o r p s m a n once wro te : " T h e thing about the Peace Corps is tha t it doesn' t end fo r you a f te r two years ." In expressing a desire f o r cont inued service and involvement , this Volun tee r was speaking fo r

most re turned Peace C o r p s m e n .

As of January 1. 1966, more than 18.000 persons had received Peace C o r p s training and more than 6.000

had succesful ly completed two years of service as Volunteers . It is esti-mated that this n u m b e r will reach 50.000 by 1970 and 200,000 by 1980.

Al ready the effect of re turned

Volun teers is being felt in the na-tion's W a r on Pover ty . More than 100 of them current ly are engaged

in the U.S. Office of Economic Op-por tuni ty anti-poverty p rog ram.

P C V Role Misunde r s tood

Despite the good showing, the

role of the Volun tee r overseas is o f t en misunders tood . This is due in part to the fac t tha t the role is unique, whether the Volun tee r is working in c o m m u n i t y deve lopment in Lat in Amer ica or teaching sixth-graders in Afr ica .

Overseas the Volun tee r has loyal-ties both to his host count ry and to the Uni ted States. He is a spokes-man fo r America and yet quite in-dependen t . He works on his own;

Turn to Page 4

EARLY SUPPORTER —Pres ident Johnson, seen here welcoming Volunteers at White House ceremony, was first chairman of Peace Corps National Advisory Counci l (post now held by Vice President Humphrey) .Wi th President above are, from left, Californ-ians Maureen Orth, Piedmont (UC, Berkeley), and Sam Farr, Carmel (Wil lamette Univ.), who serve in Colombia, and Brenda Brown, Balt imore, Md. (Morgan State College). Miss Brown returned from Phi l ipp ines to jo in unique Peace Corps teaching project at Cardozo High School in Washington, D. C. Miss Orth helped bu i ld a school in Medel l in, Colombia. Citizens named the school after her and held a fiesta in her honor.

NEW DIRECTOR — Jack Hood Vaughn, r ight, w i th Sargent Shriver whom he replaced as Peace Corps Director in January. Vaughn, 45, organized first Peace Corps programs in Lat in America in 1961, was named Ambassador to Panama in 1964 and last year became Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs. He has taught at Universi t ies of Michigan, and Pennsylvania and at Johns Hopkins, jo ined USIA in 1949 and served ten years as a foreign aid executive in Afr ica and South America before jo in ing Peace Corps. His f irst-hand knowledge of Latin countr ies began dur ing col lege vacat ion when he worked his way through Mexico as a fighter, appearing, in 26 pro bouts.

TRADITION: 'They Laughed When We Sat Down at the World' At 2 a .m. on October 14. 1960,

on the steps of the University of Michigan 's Student Union Building in Ann A r b o r , history's l ightning struck sparks that were to become visible a round the world.

Today an engraved plaque on a

f ron t wall of the building calls at ten-tion to the fact that at that t ime and place John F. Kennedy first publicly ment ioned the idea of a Peace C o r p s and defined its aims.

Kennedy , then nearing the end of his successful candidacy for Presi-dent . had just flown into Michigan f r o m N e w York . As his motorcade made its way f rom the a i rpor t to Ann A r b o r , it became evident that a large crowd of s tudents had waited up to see and hear h im. The ca ravan was greeted at the university by an audience est imated at 10.000.

Speaking ex temporaneous ly f r o m the steps of the Student Union .

Kennedy asked: " H o w many of you are willing to

spend 10 years in Afr ica or Lat in Amer ica or Asia working for the U.S. and working for f r e e d o m ? How many of you ( w h o ) are going to be doctors are willing to spend your days in G h a n a ? . . . On your willing-

ness to do that , not merely to serve one or two years in the service, but on your willingness to cont r ibute part of your life to this count ry . I think, will depend the answer whether we as a f ree society can compe te . "

Impetus for the fo rma t ion of a

W HERE Af 2 OO * m ON OCTOBER 14 l«)bO.

JOHN FITZGERALD KENNEDY F1RSI DEFINED I HE

PEACE CORPS HE STOOD AT THE PLACE MARKED

BY THE MEDALLION AND WAS CHEERED BY A LARCF

AND ENTHUSIASTIC STUDENT AUDIENCE FOR I HE

HOPE AND PROMISE HIS IDEA CAVE THE WOHID

JFK PLAQUE AT M I C H I G A N

Lightning Sparks at 2 a.m.

nat ional , secular organiza t ion of volunteers devoted to overseas serv-ice came f r o m several quar te rs .

Vice President Huber t H. H u m p h -rey. then a sena tor f rom Minneso ta , had given the idea an early boo^t by submit t ing a Peace C o r p s bill in the summer of 1960. But it was not until a speech in San Francisco dur-ing the waning days of the presiden-tial campaign — N o v e m b e r 2. 1960 — that John F. Kennedy sounded

the note that reverberated th rough the Amer ican mind.

Kennedy 's campaign pledge to

send " the best Amer icans we can get to speak f o r our count ry a b r o a d " caused an ins tantaneous stir across the nat ion. Mail cascaded into Washington . One of the first things

the new President Kennedy did a f t e r taking office was to direct his bro ther - in- law Sargent Shriver to de te rmine whether fore ign govern-ments were interested in receiving Volunteers .

Organiza t iona l work went ahead quickly a f t e r reports came back f r o m Asia and Af r ica that Volun-teers. in surprisingly large number s , would be welcome. T h e Peace C o r p s was established by Execut ive O r d e r on March 1, 1961.

The idea was not wi thout its critics. As one agency execut ive puts it, "They laughed when we sat down at the world to play . . ." And like the f a m e d advert ising slogan about the man who surprised one and all with his new found ta lent at the piano, some of the Peace C o r p s most vocal critics became avid boosters .

Final legislation provid ing fo r a p e r m a n e n t o rgan iza t ion was signed by President Kennedy on Sep tember 22. 1961.

The legislation app rop r i a t ed $32

million to run the agency in its first full fiscal yea r—Ju ly 1, 1961. t h rough June 30. 1962 (the budget is now

$115 m i l l i o n ) . At the same t ime Congress added to the basic Peace C o r p s Act these three goa ls :

1. T o help the people of develop-ing nat ions meet their needs fo r t ra ined m a n p o w e r .

2. T o help p r o m o t e a be t te r un-ders tand ing of other peoples on the part of the Amer ican people.

3. T o help p r o m o t e a bet ter un-ders tand ing of the Amer i can people

on the par t of the peoples served. In mid-1961 Lyndon B. Johnson ,

then Vice President , was named the first cha i rman of the Peace C o r p s Na t iona l Advisory Counc i l , which is made up of ou t s tand ing A m e r i c a n s who meet twice a year to review Peace C o r p s p rograms and policies. He held the post until J a n u a r y 26. 1965. when he n a m e d Vice Presi-dent H u m p h r e y as his successor on

the counci l , assuring cont inued Ad-minis t ra t ion support of the Peace Corps .

On Augus t 30, 1961, the first g roup of Volunteers to go ab road arrived in G h a n a . At the end of

A r VICE P R E S I D E N T H U M P H R E Y

Submitted First PC Bill

1961 there were 614 Vo lun tee r s in 13 countr ies .

In some nat ions , the arr iv ing Vol-un teers were greeted with shouts of " G o home, Yankees . " Such t aun t s

usually have been replaced by the request , "Send us some m o r e Peace C o r p s Volun teers . "

In nat ions long cynical abou t the mot ives of the great world powers , the Peace C o r p s a p p r o a d i was re-f resh ing .

By June 1%2 , more than 1,000 Volun teers were at work in 15 coun -tries, and nearly 3,000 were in t ra in-

ing. Agreemen t s fo r Volun tee r s had been reached with 37 count r ies .

By June 30. 1963, there were about 4,000 Volun tee r s overseas in more than 40 countr ies , with an-o the r 2,000 in t ra ining. A year later more than 6,000 were at work over -seas and a n o t h e r 4 ,000 were in t ra in ing. In three years the Peace C o r p s had evolved f r o m a p romis ing

idea to a cons iderab le fo rce fo r assistance and incentive in 44 devel-op ing countr ies .

In some nat ions the Peace C o r p s has been responsible f o r the very changes tha t now require it to ex-pand even f u r t h e r . In o thers , na tu ra l evolut ion has enlarged Peace C o r p s responsibil i t ies. T h e C o r p s now has

m o r e than 12,000 Volun tee r s . T o meet its g rowing responsibil i t ies, it hopes to have about 15,000 by the end of the year.

T h e wait ing list of na t ions re-quest ing Vo lun tee r s now exceeds 20.

EDUCATION: How to Melt Freud's Ice Cap place outs ide the college campus , in Many ingredients of these pro-radically unfami l ia r env i ronments : g rams have a l ready been success-slums or rural areas or Job C o r p s fully demons t ra ted ;

camps , or in other cu l tures such as • at the Peace Corps ' own train-Puer to Rico, or in the foreign coun- ing centers in Puer to Rico and the tries themselves . Virgin Islands;

Program Enlarged for '66

What we found wrong with a lot of early Peace C o r p s training, based

on repor ts f r o m returned Volun-teers, was that it conta ined " too many lectures, too much one-way

instruct ion and too little direct exper ience ."

Tha t s ta tement by Harr is Wof -ford . Peace C o r p s Associate Di-rector for Planning, Evaluat ion and Research, marks the main thrust of a new Educa t ion Task Force.

It's purpose: to make Peace C o r p s t ra ining more like the overseas real-

ity and less like a mere extension of c lassroom educat ion.

" F r e e d o m and responsibility are what Volun tee r s generally find over-

seas," notes Wofford . who heads the Task Force . "But for some of the most uns t ruc tured jobs in the world we have put together some of the most s t ruc tured t ra ining p rograms . "

He says Freud ' s description of chi ld- rear ing has applied to much of Peace C o r p s training: " W e train them for the tropics and send them to the polar ice cap ."

The Educa t ion Task Force is de-signing new 1966 p rog rams that will concen t ra te on star t ing proc-

esses of learning that will con-tinue overseas, instead of trying to cram facts into Volunteers ' heads dur ing stateside classroom sessions.

The Task Force has r e c o m m e n d e d that even m o r e of the t ra ining take

Junior Year The Peace Corps is expanding its

training p rog ram for college juniors .

Jules Pagano , Peace Corps t ra ining opera t ions d i rec tor , has announced that 1,000 juniors will begin the Advance Tra in ing P rog ram this summer .

The p rog ram enables f u tu r e Vol-unteers to integrate Peace C o r p s training and their senior year of college, with benefits on both sides. "It gives us 15 months to prepare the Volun tee r for his ass ignment in-stead of the normal th ree . " Pagano said.

The A T P was begun in the sum-mer of 1964. when 200 college juniors entered training f o r assign-

ments that began in Sep tember 1965.

They t ra ined the first s u m m e r at United States universit ies, cont inued their p repara t ion independent ly 'dur-ing their senior year of school and

comple ted training in special field p r o g r a m s the s u m m e r of 1965.

The Peace Corps has a loan fund for A T P enrol lees to he ' p cover the loss of income otherwise gained f rom s u m m e r e m p l o y m e n t . T ra inees may bor row up to $600 at low interest rates to pay expenses du r ing their final year in school .

A T P was developed as a solut ion to the increasing difficulty of pre-par ing Volun tee rs fo r cer ta in assign-ments . Some Peace C o r p s Volun-

teers must learn two languages to

handle their work effectively, such

as teachers bound f o r French-speak-

ing Af r i ca where var ious A f r i c a n

languages are spoken as well as the

official French.

Some A T P enrol lees t ra ined fo r

West A f r i c a at D a r t m o u t h Col lege

in the s u m m e r of 1964. T h e next

s u m m e r they t ra ined in Quebec

Province, C a n a d a , where they lived

with French-speak ing famil ies and

pract ice- taught F rench-speak ing stu-

dents.

Jun io r s qualified to en te r A T P

next s u m m e r will t rain f o r assign-

ments in 16 countr ies .

• in an exper imen ta l p r o g r a m at St. John ' s Col lege at Annapo l i s

where the semina r was the ma in f o r m of ins t ruct ion and field exper-ience was provided t h rough six

weeks on kibbutzim in Israel;

• in a p rog ram at the Univers i ty of Wisconsin largely designed and

run by f o r m e r Volun tee r s f r o m India.

T h e Peace Corps ' new Advance Tra in ing p r o g r a m is a special area for innovat ion . (See s tory at left .)

Ano the r idea p r o m o t e d by the Task Force is tha t of accredi ta t ion of Peace C o r p s service as par t of a university educa t ion .

Five-year B. A. p rograms , which include two years of Peace C o r p s service, have been instituted at the Univers i ty of Wes te rn Mich igan and Francon ia (N. H.) College. Cred i t towards a mas te r ' s degree in educat ion is be ing given by Michi-gan State Univers i ty to Volun tee r s who teach in Niger ia , and the Uni-versity of Missour i will give credit t owards a mas te r ' s degree in com-muni ty deve lopment fo r Volun tee rs in Peru .

MAKING OF A PCV Field Experience Supplements Classroom Training

Eight y o u n g h ikers ga ined na-

t iona l a t t e n t i o n the ha rd way shor t ly

b e f o r e C h r i s t m a s . 1965. in a way

that a c c i d e n t a l l y spo t l igh ted the ef -

f ec t iveness of Peace C o r p s V o l u n -

teer ( P C V ) select ion and t r a in ing .

T h e e ight t r a inees r e a p e d h e a d -

lines hy ge t t i ng lost in the M a n z a n o

M o u n t a i n s of cen t ra l N e w M e x i c o .

But. as l a te r s tories were to r epo r t ,

they kept their h e a d s and g o o d

h u m o r .

I .ate in the fifth day of a s ched-

uled f o u r - d a y hike in s u b - f r e e z i n g

w e a t h e r , t hey were f o u n d none the

worse f o r w e a r in rugged m o u n t a i n -

side t e r r a i n . A c c o r d i n g to Dr . D a v i d

Benede t t i . h e a d of the Peace C o r p s

t r a in ing c e n t e r at the Un ive r s i t y of

N e w M e x i c o , they had bea ten the

e l e m e n t s because " these a re br igh t

and r e s o u r c e f u l p e o p l e . "

T h e t r a inees , f o u r m e n and f o u r

w o m e n , w e r e the ob jec t of a m a s -

sive o n e d a y and night air and

g r o u n d s e a r c h as ra in and s n o w

hid their t rai l on a t r a in ing h ike

f r o m Be len . N . M . . to M a n z a n o . a

deser t t o w n sou theas t of A l b u -

q u e r q u e .

" W e w e r e d i s a p p o i n t e d . W e

w a n t e d to get to the o t h e r side of

the m o u n t a i n so b a d l y . " sighed J a n e

W h i t m o r e . 25. a f t e r she and the

o t h e r t r a i n e e s were f inal ly s ighted

by a s e a r c h par ty .

" W e ( . o p r d W i t h I t "

" T h e p u r p o s e of the hike was

to see h o w we would react u n d e r

s t ress ." she said. "Wel l , we c o p e d

with it. At night we sat a r o u n d

the fire a n d sang C h r i s t m a s ca ro l s .

A n d the s cene ry was just b e a u t i f u l . "

F r o m th i s h e a d s - u p a t t i t ude , it is

easy to see how these c a n d i d a t e s f o r

a Peace C o r p s pro jec t in Ch i l e w e r e

invited to t ra in ing , the last s top

b e f o r e go ing ove r seas .

If a P e a c e C o r p s app l i can t m a k e s

it t h r o u g h the p r e l i m i n a r y selec-

t ion process , he is invi ted to a 13-

week t r a in ing p r o g r a m at o n e of

m o r e t h a n 100 A m e r i c a n un ivers i t i e s

or co l leges where his special Peace

C o r p s c u r r i c u l u m will inc lude:

• L a n g u a g e t ra in ing — total " i m -

m e r s i o n " m an intensive p r o g r a m of

u p to 3 0 0 h o u r s that l eads to e a r l y

c o n v e r s a t i o n a l abi l i ty . P r ev ious

k n o w l e d g e of the l a n g u a g e is not

a r e q u i r e m e n t .

• T e c h n i c a l s tudies — skills n e e d e d

f o r the type of work he will per-

f o r m .

• A r e a s tud ies — b a c k g r o u n d in the

cu l tu re in which he will w o r k .

• A m e r i c a n s tudies — r e f r e s h e r

c o u r s e s in U. S. h i s to ry , g e o g r a p h y ,

ins t i tu t ions .

• W o r l d a f fa i r s — b a c k g r o u n d in

c u r r e n t even ts .

• Hea l t h — t ra in ing in which the

V o l u n t e e r learns to pro tec t h imse l f

a n d a lso aqu i res e d u c a t i o n a l tech-

n iques to i m p r o v e hea l th c o n d i t i o n s

in the host c o u n t r y .

V o l u n t e e r s whose a s s i g n m e n t s

ove r seas call f o r s t r e n u o u s phys ica l

c o n d i t i o n i n g a re g iven a d d i t i o n a l

t r a in ing f o r o u t d o o r living w h i c h

m a y i n c l u d e hiking, r o c k - c l i m b i n g ,

s w i m m i n g and m a p read ing . P r o -

ficiency in these ac t iv i t ies , h o w e v e r ,

is not r e q u i r e d . Whi l e such t r a in -

ing was r e c o m m e n d e d f o r f u t u r e

c o m m u n i t y d e v e l o p m e n t w o r k e r s in

the m o u n t a i n s of Ch i l e , f o r e x a m p l e .

it w o u l d not necessar i ly be r e q u i r e d

fo r s o m e o n e p l ann ing to teach Eng-

lish in an u r b a n se t t ing.

K a t e d By P e e r *

T h e se lec t ion process c o n t i n u e s

t h r o u g h o u t t ra in ing . E a c h t r a inee

rece ives a t h o r o u g h med ica l check-

up. a psychia t r ic s c r e e n i n g and a

ful l b a c k g r o u n d inves t iga t ion . He is

j u d g e d by each of his i n s t r u c t o r s

a n d ra ted by his peers .

O n the basis of all ava i l ab l e in-

f o r m a t i o n . the overa l l su i tabi l i ty of

each t r a inee is con t i nua l l y e v a l u a t e d

d u r i n g t r a in ing and at the end of the

t r a i n i n g pe r iod . A b o u t t h r ee out

of f o u r t r a inees a re sworn in as

P e a c e C o r p s V o l u n t e e r s .

" In the beg inn ing , t r a i n i n g was

p r e p a r a t i o n fo r Peace C o r p s se rv ice ;

n o w it is a part of Peace C o r p s

s e rv i ce . " says Ju les P a g a n o . ac t ing

d i r e c t o r of the Divis ion of U n i v e r -

sity R e l a t i o n s and T r a i n i n g .

" L e a r n e d T h r o u g h E x p e r i e n r e "

" W e used to try to c r a m peop le

with as m u c h i n f o r m a t i o n as pos-

s ib le . plus all the l anguage and

phys ica l t r a in ing we cou ld m a n a g e ,

and h o p e the e x p o s u r e w o u l d pre-

pa r e t h e m f o r the i r serv ice ove r sea s .

W e l ea rned t h r o u g h e x p e r i e n c e that

this was not e n o u g h . T h e t rans i -

t ion b e t w e e n p r e p a r a t i o n and a c t u a l

d o i n g was not a d e q u a t e — some-

t imes not even re leven t .

" A s a resul t , we have tr ied to

i n t e g r a t e all the c o m p o n e n t s of the

t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m in to rea l - l i fe ex-

pe r i ences in the field, based on the

needs of specif ic p ro j ec t s and coun -

t r i e s . " P a g a n o e x p l a i n e d . " T h e

t r a i n i n g per iod has been e x p a n d e d

to 13 w e e k s with at least t h r ee

.F .*• 9Wa ' I'M

:=

L O S T AND F O U N D — F o u r of e i g h t t r a i n e e s lost b r i e f l y in New M e x i c o

m o u n t a i n s wa lk back to c a m p . H ike ' s p u r p o s e was to see how g r o u p

w o u l d react u n d e r s t ress. "We c o p e d , " sa id Jane W h i t m o r e , s e c o n d f r o m

le f t , of M a n h a s s e t , N. Y. ( A m e r i c a n Univ . ) . W i t h her are, f r o m le f t , L i n d a

Wes t , Hurs t , Texas (Un iv . of Texas a n d S M U ) ; Judy Johnson , P leasan t -

v i l l e , N. Y, ( S w a r t h m o r e Co l lege) ; and Sue S e l b m , St. Paul (Un iv . of

M i n n e s o t a ) .

of those weeks devo ted to a c t u a l

field a s s i g n m e n t s such as work -

ing in the s l u m s of N e w York

or P u e r t o Rico , p rac t ice t e a c h i n g

on Indian r e s e r v a t i o n s o r d o i n g

c o m m u n i t y d e v e l o p m e n t in the Vi r -

gin I s l ands . "

A n o t h e r c h a n g e in the t r a i n i n g

p r o g r a m is g r e a t e r c o n c e r n with the

total l ea rn ing p roces s , he said.

" W e are t r y i n g to m a k e eve ry -

th ing in the p r o g r a m re l evan t to

the Peace C o r p s e x p e r i e n c e . " he

po in t ed out . " T r a i n i n g is now m o r e

g e n e r a l l y e d u c a t i o n a l , r a t h e r t h a n

just ' h o w to. ' M o r e a t t e n t i o n is

be ing paid to a t t i t u d e s and sensi-

t ivi t ies in p r e p a r i n g t r a inees f o r

the i r c ros s -cu l tu ra l e x p e r i e n c e s . "

As the t r a in ing p r o g r a m s b e c o m e

less a c a d e m i c , co l leges a n d univers i -

t ies a re c o o p e r a t i n g en thus i a s t i ca l l y

in p r o v i d i n g the kind of p r e p a r a t i o n

t he P e a c e C o r p s needs , P a g a n o sa id .

" T o do this we a re us ing o f f - c a m p u s

fac i l i t ies re la ted to expec t ed c o u n t r y

e x p e r i e n c e . " D a r t m o u t h t r a i n i n g

p r o g r a m s for F r e n c h - s p e a k i n g Af -

r ica , f o r e x a m p l e , now go on to

Q u e b e c fo r p rac t i ca l field exper i -

e n c e . " (See s tory on J u n i o r Y e a r

P r o g r a m , page 2 . )

A s migh t be e x p e c t e d , this t r an-

s i t ion in t r a in ing p r o c e d u r e s a l so

has j u m p e d the cost of Peace C o r p s

t r a i n i n g f r o m $ 2 , 4 0 0 pe r V o l u n t e e r

to $2 ,700 , P a g a n o said, but he be-

l ieves the resul ts will be w o r t h it.

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IMPACT: Can You Measure PC Effect?

Y O U N G A R T I S A N S — At P i sac in P e r u v i a n Andes , V o l u n t e e r M o l l y He i t of S o u t h e r n P ines , N. C. (Pu rdue )

t e a c h e s c h i l d r e n to sew t h e i r i deas i n t o t a p e s t r i e s w h i c h c a n be so ld to t o u r i s t s who pass t h r o u g h v i l -

lage e n r o u t e to nearby I nca r u m s . P i sac is one of 15 v i l l a g e s in Peru s t u d i e d by C o r n e l l U n i v e r s i t y

a n t h r o p o l o g i s t s in f i r s t s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h on t he i m p a c t of t he Peace Co rps on d e v e l o p i n g n a t i o n s .

D o e s t he Peace C o r p s have a

m e a s u r a b l e effect on a c o u n t r y ?

The first a t t emp t at a n s w e r i n g

that diff icul t ques t ion h a s been m a d e

by a t e a m of a n t h r o p o l o g i s t s f r o m

C o r n e l l U n i v e r s i t y w h o have just

t u rned in t he first scient if ic s tudy of

the i m p a c t of V o l u n t e e r s ass igned to

c o m m u n i t i e s in the P e r u v i a n A n d e s .

T h e r e su l t s of this scientif ic s t udy

fill a 3 2 9 - p a g e repor t which de ta i l s

two yea r s of on - the - spo t r e sea rch in

15 c o m m u n i t i e s w h e r e V o l u n t e e r s

were ac t ive in c o m m u n i t y deve lop -

ment w o r k , us ing as a con t ro l five

o t h e r v i l l ages w h e r e no V o l u n t e e r s

had been ass igned .

G e n e r a l conc lus ion of the s tudy;

Peace C o r p s m e n d o m a k e a d i f fer -

ence . A m o n g the findings is that

Peace C o r p s c o m m u n i t i e s p r o g r e s s e d

at a r a t e s o m e 2.S t imes fas te r t h a n

those c o m m u n i t i e s w i t h o u t V o l u n -

teers .

Peace C o r p s D i r e c t o r Sa rgen t

Sh r ive r v iews the r epo r t as be ing of

"grea t p rac t i ca l and h is tor ica l sig-n i f i cance . "

" F o r t he first t ime we have ob-

ject ive. sc ient i f ic va l ida t ion of the

successes V o l u n t e e r s are reg i s te r ing

in the field of c o m m u n i t y d e v e l o p -

men t . It is h a r d , d e m a n d i n g work in

isolated a r e a s unde r s o m e t i m e s diffi-

cult a n d f r u s t r a t i n g c o n d i t i o n s , but

the r epo r t s h o w s that the V o l u n t e e r s

have b e e n success fu l even b e y o n d

o u r init ial h o p e s . "

S e l f - H e l p P r o g r a m

He sa id tha t a b o u t o n e th i rd of

all V o l u n t e e r s and m o r e than hal f

of the 4 , 0 0 0 now in La t in A m e r i c a ,

are e n g a g e d in c o m m u n i t y deve lop -

m e n t w o r k , i.e., t e a c h i n g d e m o c r a c y

on a c o m m u n i t y level, e n c o u r a g i n g

peop le to work t oge the r to so lve

their o w n p r o b l e m s .

T h e s u b j e c t s were 50 P e a c e

C o r p s m e n . the first V o l u n t e e r s in

the A n d e s . T h e y o p e r a t e d in c o m -

m u n i t i e s loca ted in s p e c t a c u l a r

m o u n t a i n c o u n t r y at e x t r e m e alti-

tudes ( s o m e as high as 13.000 feet ) ,

i nhab i t ed by the Ind i an d e s c e n d -

an t s of t he Inca c iv i l iza t ion, in te r -

spersed in the larger t o w n s and

cit ies by mestizos, P e r u v i a n s of

m i x e d Span i sh and Ind i an b l o o d .

Dr . H e n r y F. D o b y n s . one of the

C o r n e l l r e sea rch t e a m leaders , de-

sc r ib ing the r epor t ' s findings, said

that in t he field of c o m m u n i t y de-

v e ' o p m e n t " resu l t s a re n o r m a l l y

c o m p u t e d over the c o u r s e of dec-

ades . . . these V o l u n t e e r s p r o d u c e d

m e a s u r a b l e resul ts in two y e a r s .

.Some w o u l d cons ide r this p r o g r e s s

i n c r e d i b l e . "

T a l e s of T w o Vi l lages

The s tudy , h o w e v e r , is a h u m a n

as well as a scient if ic d o c u m e n t , and

it r e p o r t s c and id ly on the Peace

C o r p s ' f a i lu res as well as its suc-

cesses.

T h e a u t h o r s (Dr . D o b y n s , D r .

A l l an R. H o l m b e r g . c h a i r m a n of the

C o r n e l l a n t h r o p o l o g y d e p a r t m e n t

and Dr . Paul L. D o u g h t y , now on

the I n d i a n a Un ive r s i t y f a c u l t y ) tell

the s tory of h o w Peace C o r p s m e n

were expe l led f r o m the vi l lage of

V icos by a vote of its I nd i an inhabi -

t an t s . and h o w s o m e of the V o l u n -

tee rs were then specif ical ly asked to

r e tu rn to t he vi l lage.

A l so re la ted is the s tory of the

c o m m u n i t y of C h i j n a y a w h e r e o n e

V o l u n t e e r success fu l ly t r a n s p l a n t e d

an en t i r e Ind ian c o m m u n i t y w h o s e

h o m e s had been lost to f loods .

P e a c e C o r p s Ins t i tu tes C h a n g e s

Resea r ch such as the C o r n e l l /

P e r u repor t is not an exe rc i se

in van i ty as f a r as the P e a c e C o r p s

is c o n c e r n e d . F r a n k M a n k i e w i c z .

La t in A m e r i c a n reg iona l d i r ec to r of

the C o r p s , said t he C o r n e l l t e a m ' s

o b s e r v a t i o n s a n d r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s

r e su l t ed in i m m e d i a t e c h a n g e s in the

P e a c e C o r p s ' o p e r a t i o n s in La t in

A m e r i c a even b e f o r e the i r final re-

po r t w a s c o m p l e t e d .

P r e l i m i n a r y r e p o r t s led to a m a r k -

ed i nc rease in l a n g u a g e t r a in ing , im-

p roved r e l a t i ons b e t w e e n the V o l -

u n t e e r s and P e r u v i a n ins t i tu t ions

wi th wh ich they w o r k e d , and m o d i -

f i ca t ions of the Peace C o r p s ' t r a in -

ing and ove r seas o p e r a t i o n s .

C o m m u n i t y D e v e l o p m e n t P i o n e e r s

M a n k i e w i c z . w h o d e s c r i b e s the

s tudy as a " l a n d m a r k " in c o m m u n i t y

d e v e l o p m e n t r e s e a r c h , po in t s out

tha t the 50 V o l u n t e e r s w h o were

the p r inc ipa l sub jec t s of the s tudy

w e r e a m o n g the first Peace C o r p s

c o m m u n i t y d e v e l o p m e n t w o r k e r s .

" ' I hey o p e r a t e d a lmos t w i thou t prec-

eden t or t e x t b o o k in a diff icul t cul-

t u r e a m o n g p e o p l e to w h o m even

Span i sh w a s an a c q u i r e d l a n g u a g e .

" T h a t they did so well is r e m a r k -

ab l e ; bu t . as i m p o r t a n t l y , we have

b e e n ab le to benef i t f r o m their mis-

t a k e s . "

M a n k i e w i c z said he be l ieves o n e

of the m o s t i m p o r t a n t c o n t r i b u t i o n s

P e a c e C o r p s V o l u n t e e r s such as the

P e r u v i a n g r o u p m a k e is their ro le

as "wi tnesses to the cond i t i on of the

p o o r a m o n g w h o m they live,

p r o m p t i n g the c o m m u n i t y at la rge to

pay a t t en t i on to the needs of the

p o o r . "

A m o n g n u m e r o u s o t h e r conc lu -

s ions of the C o r n e l l r epor t ;

• V o l u n t e e r s f o r m o n e of the m o s t

e f fec t ive c h a n n e l s fo r U.S . assist-

a n c e .

• V o l u n t e e r s a re mos t success fu l

w h e n they w o r k ef fec t ive ly wi th

b o t h local c o m m u n i t y ac t ion o rgan i -

z a t i o n s or o t h e r ins t i tu t ions , such

as A I D . involved in t e chn ica l assist-

ance .

• V o l u n t e e r s c o n t r i b u t e s igni f icant ly

to bas ic long- t e rm s o c i o - e c o n o m i c

d e v e l o p m e n t in the P e r u v i a n A n d e s ,

c r e a t i n g and s t r e n g t h e n i n g o r g a n i z a -

t ions so that t hey can c o n t i n u e to

so lve local p r o b l e m s even a f t e r

the last V o l u n t e e r has d e p a r t e d .

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TEACHING AND HEALING IN THE FAR EAST

ACTING IT OUT —Boy: "Here is the blue pen." Girl: "Please." Ron: "No, it 's ' thank you.' Let's try it again." And again. And again. Ron teaches 40 English classes a week.

THINK TALK — " I try to get my pupi ls to th ink independently."

OFF HOURS — Ron spends much of his free t ime studying Malay and test ing i t in conversation at the

local Kedai (general store) over a glass of th ick coffee. He also goes fishing, does his

own laundry.

' When you Learn to Laugh at the Same Things, Sahah, Malaysia

Sabah lies some 7(K) miles southeas t of Saigon, on the o ther side of the

South Ch ina sea. An island state in Malaysia , it occupies 29.()()() square

miles of nor thern Borneo . Half a million indigenous peoples

called Muru ts . Dusuns , Bruneis. Bajaus and Kedayans live there, as d o 1 ()().()()()

Chinese who fo rm the bulk of the commerc ia l commun i ty . Western civili-

za t ion, blown ashore by the winds of the British Empi re a century ago. main-tains a foothold on the coast. Only re-cently has the interior — protected by m o u n t a i n o u s jungle, leeches, more than 400 species of snake, wild pigs, mon-keys, birds and butterfl ies — begun to buckle under the bul ldozers and books

of the 20th century. Sabah is also the h o m e of 100 Peace

C o r p s Volunteers , a m o n g them Ron Kuhl , a g radua te of the Universi ty of

West Virginia, and Beth Ha lko la , w h o received a B.S. in nurs ing f r o m Michi-

gan State Universi ty . Ron is a t eacher ; Beth is a nurse.

Both work in the interior sealed off f r o m

the coast by the dense jungle of the C r o c k e r Mounta ins T h e i r post, T a m -b u n a n , is a town of 1.000 people. Some 1 ().()()() people f a r m the s u r r o u n d i n g

count rys ide , where the ca re fu l geome-try of the wet rice paddy is d o m i n a n t .

T h a t their work is both difficult and

serious h i v e f u i g h t Ron and Beth not to lake themselves seriously. " Y o u dis-cover what you need anywhere is to be conten t . " Beth said. "It takes t ime, but you learn to c o m m u n i c a t e . W h e n

you learn to laugh at the same things as the people here . . . then you are

h o m e . "

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AFTERNOONS — " I go on h bag and take off across th faces are malaria, tuberculo

ELUSIVE DEFINITION IN LATIN AMERICA

Community Development: Its Name May Be Mud By William Krohley

Recife, Brazil

Sooner or later someone is cer ta in

to puzzle out a fo rma l defini t ion of u r b a n communi ty deve lopment .

Out of his garret and into the sun he'll come bandying his sheet of

convolu ted prose only to be greeted with a recent erasure in Webs ter ' s New Collegiate . Exactly what he'll find where urban c o m m u n i t y devel-o p m e n t once stood is hard to say — perhaps something like "bet ter burg

breed ing" or "coached communi ty c o m m o t i o n " or any one of a thou-sand possible locutions which would

shed an au ra of respectabili ty on an under tak ing whose very na ture sug-gests a lurking, s le ight -of-hand

presence.

In shor t , to define a phrase which

expresses the workings of an idea in the hands of hundreds or per-haps thousands of people is to ig-nore one of its most salient f ea tu res — myster ious happenings — and

c o m m i t it to an o r thodox fa te .

Brasi l ia Te imosa is a barrio of Recife in the nor theas t of Brazil

with a popula t ion of about 10,000.

William Krohley, Hunting-

ton Station, N. Y., received a B. A. in philosophy from the University of Rochester in June,

1964.

One of its perennia l p rob l ems is

the ruin of its roads dur ing the f o u r - m o n t h ra iny season. Dur ing this per iod f r o m May to August

the rain becomes a way of life, o f t en fal l ing cont inuous ly fo r several days . Fishing becomes sporadic , and all

but i ndoor workers are forced to sit and d o little but watch the s teady d o w n p o u r turn the sand and dirt roads into rivers of mud which set-tle in low spots and are chu rned into black muck by traffic.

Jim Lail (Lexington, Ky . ) and I

talked with many of the local citizens about the roads and f o u n d a real desire to get someth ing done . Several i n fo rma l meetings were held to discuss the p rob lem, and it was decided to see what a g r o u p of residents could d o working in con-junct ion with the city gove rnmen t . T h e people were willing to p e r f o r m necessary labor if the gove rnmen t would supply the equ ipment needed.

T h e p lanning took about six

weeks, and wha t started as a small g roup of 10 men tu rned into a

nebu lous affair involving suddenly revived organiza t ions dedica ted to desenvolviment das ruas ( s t ree t de-v e l o p m e n t ) , an unl imited supply of idea men , well-wishers, and skep-

tics, and the p rompt a t ten t ion of an incumben t counci lman runn ing f o r re-elect ion who arr ived with t rucks and work crews and began spread ing sand with a flourish.

Th i s la t ter measu re worked well on the less-travelled streets where

the sand wasn't pushed out of the holes and off the street by traffic,

but the more widely used streets and intersections remained impas-sable. The si tuation worsened daily

as the famil ies living on these streets shovelled away the few remain ing high spots to build d a m s to keep

mud out of their homes .

Somehow the mud had to be dra ined and the par t icu lar stretch

of road leveled and then covered with a packed layer of sand. We worked with some of the famil ies concerned and suggested that they peti t ion the city fo r a small bull-

dozer which could work in the na r row streets. T h e city didn ' t have one.

T h e r e were, of course, a n u m b e r of f i rms in the city which sold just the machine needed. Money was no object ; there wasn ' t any. So

m a y b e we could bo r row a bul ldozer and advert ise some c o m p a n y ' s prod-uct . We thought it was a good idea.

Most of the firms didn ' t .

A f t e r a series of conversa t ions with incredulous sa lesmen which usually ended in he lpfu l d i rect ions

to the offices of nearby compet i to rs , we finally got a mach ine and a dr iver who would come out to Bra-

silia on the first rainless Sunday . T h e men lived on the job site, so gett ing them together was no prob-

lem. But it always rained on Sun-day. One Sunday in mid-June , how-ever, Brasilia Te imosa reposed under c lear skies; it was not ra ining. It was

urban c o m m u n i t y deve lopmen t t ime. F i rs t : dra in the m u d be fo re the

arr ival of the bul ldozer . T h e r e was one fami ly which had a f r o n t yard

large enough to dig a d ra inage pit in. T h e dona da casa ( w o m a n of

the h o u s e ) thought it would be all

right.

T h e hole was dug a long with a t rench to the m u d ; the t rench was

opened and the mud began to flow. Enter don da casa: " W h a t is going on h e r e ? " It was obvious . His yard

was being filled with black mud . He had been away, out of t ouch ; and thus the logic of u r b a n - c o m -muni ty deve lopment was a comple t e

mystery to him. T h e ensuing con-fusion ended the m o m e n t the mud

ceased to flow; what can one say to a ya rd fu l of mud?

T h e project proceeded and was

eventual ly completed as the dozer came to level the road , and the counc i lman came to d u m p two

t ruck loads of sand fo r the worker s to spread and tamp. T h e dra ined

mud dr ied in the sun and was

covered with sand and u r b a n com-

muni ty deve lopment gained ano the r

a d h e r e n t . Sunday c a m e to a close.

T h e workers congra tu la ted them-

selves on a job well done , t he coun-

c i lman busily shook hands , and the

Peace C o r p s Volun tee r s went fo r

a beer .

T h e fo l lowing Sunday , we would

tackle the next stretch of r oad , rain

permi t t ing . It didn' t .

NOW THAT WE ARE 5

Continued from Page I

and if the Peace C o r p s is to suc-

ceed. then he must succeed. In ef-

fect , he is a one -man foreign policy:

an Amer ican speaking for h imself .

N o ' ideological Guidelines"

As Peace C o r p s Deputy Director

War ren W. Wiggins says, " W e do

not furnish ideological guidel ines for

Volunteers . The Volunteer is an

Amer ican citizen w h o m we train,

place and supply."

T h e Volunteer overseas may help

build a bridge, teach school or or-

ganize a coopera t ive , impor tan t

tasks in a developing nat ion. But

such work is not the f u n d a m e n t a l

reason why a Volun tee r is sent

ab road .

People in the developing world

are pushed down by malnu t r i t ion ,

poverty, illiteracy and an inability

to take par t in the m a n a g e m e n t of

their own affairs. T h e y need hope,

and that is what the Vo lun tee r is

t ra ined to provide . He does it by

impar t ing the knowledge , skills, at-

t i tudes and values tha t c o m b i n e to

c rea te ability and desire to solve

p rob lems .

Then You 're Home' i

t

MORNINGS —"Somet imes there are 80 mothers squat t ing pat ient ly in the sun under parchment parasols." Beth covers e ight c l in ics in vi l lages surrounding Tambunan. She travels by Land Rover where roads permit; of ten they don't, and she must walk.

SUNDAY AFTERNOON — "We often take walks on Sundays. We compare notes . . . let off steam. Speak American."

me visi ts. I pack my medic ines into a shoulder rice paddies." The predominant diseases Beth

.is, pneumonia and intest inal parasites.

HOME — L i k e Ron, Beth was assigned a clean, modern government house. Tropical sun makes naps dur ing noonday heat

imperative.

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AFRICAN PROBLEM: THE GENERALIST

Undefined Person Meets An Undefined Project By Louis R a p o p o r t

Masinghe, Sierra Leone

Dur ing my ch i ldhood , the thought

occurred to me that I didn ' t know

how to do any th ing . But some-how, my shoelaces a lways got tied, my bed got made , and 1 survived

in this practical wor ld . T h e n I went to the university,

where 1 took subjects like Scandi-

navian l i tera ture , his tory of his-tor ians, mode rn Slavic l i terature,

and phi losophy of l i terature . When 1 joined the Peace Corps ,

I was classified as a "general is t ." As a m a n who could do absolutely no th ing of a pract ical na ture , I was

slightly amazed when I met my fel-low t ra inees for the Peace C o r p s " R . C . A . " p rog ram in Sierra Leone

(I honest ly thought that I would be working with c o m p u t e r s or televi-sion sets be fo re I learned the initials meant " ru ra l c o m m u n i t y ac t ion" ) —

carpen te r s , masons , geologists, an a r ch i t ec t—peop le you read about in books, unrea l people , people w h o

can ( s h u d d e r ) do things. I tried to fake my way by drop-

ping words like " h a m m e r , " "ce-men t , " and " w r e n c h . " But somehow, my clever plan fa i led, and I feared

and t r embled on Selection Eve. But I look like I 'm a very sincere Fr iend

Louis Rapoport, Beverly Hills, Calif., attended the Los

Angeles and Berkeley campuses of the University of California, became a Volunteer in 1964.

of Man , and it's hard to get se-

lected out of the Peace C o r p s if

you ' re sincere. In Sierra Leone , I was given a

road project in Bombali district.

I Kriolized ( a f t e r Kr io , the English-derived lingua franca of the coun-

Continued from Page I

with a b u r r o loaded down with water cans. 1 read and write under

a kerosene lantern , sleep on a cot and cook on a c a m p stove. But

there comes the day when all this suddenly becomes fur ious ly f rus t ra t -ing and you want like crazy just to

get out and go h o m e . "

— T o m Carter, Portland State Col-

lege, Peru

"This is the hardes t thing I 've ever

done . Absolute ly nothing is famil-iar and 1 o f t e n feel totally a lone — the physical difficulties actually help, as they take my mind off myself and

the feeling of suddenly being cut off f r o m the rest of the world. You canno t imagine the gulf between

East and West , and it makes m e laugh now to think that I expected to bridge it with a smile and a

h a n d s h a k e . "

—Patricia MacDermott , Manhattan-ville, Philippines

t ry ) my technical w o r d s — a m m a ,

c 'men t , ' s p a n a — d r o p p e d them ex-pertly and wai ted fo r cheers and

applause f r o m my workers . Mean-while, I read some th ing called, " H o w

to Build a Bridge," and I built one

( I 'm still l a u g h i n g ) .

" O u r original exci tement and en-thusiasm have been somewhat temp-

ered by a year here . We have come to realize that change comes so slowly that progress , if it comes at

all, seems impercept ib le . The eager-ness is replaced by colder ways of looking at the wor ld , and the youth-

ful vigor and ideal ism become hard-ened with a day- to-day job. We can never again become the peo-ple we were b e f o r e we came to

Af r i ca . But then, we would not

want to ."

—Hayward Allen, University of Col-orado, 1960, Ethiopia

" W h a t we need is a phi losophy —

not of high a d v e n t u r e a la C o n r a d or St. Exupery — but of dul lness ; a phi losophy which will sat isfy our

craving f o r accompl i shmen t and a cer ta in nobility whi le we are faced with ted ium, fa t igue and the desire

to sit down and d r e a m . "

—John Hatch, Queens College,

Ivory Coast

When a new Peace C o r p s p rog ram

was p r o p o s e d — c h i e f d o m develop-men t instead of specific cons t ruc t ion

pro jec t s—I was asked to begin a pilot p rogram f o r the N o r t h e r n

Province. T h e director of the C A R E - P e a c e C o r p s rural develop-

"I do not wish to imply that we 'won them over ' ; indeed, I think they won us over in the final an-

alysis. It's just tha t the in t ransigence of our p reconcep t ions of ourselves and o the r s general ly dissolved into

a kind of af fec t ionate confus ion . "

— D a v i d Schickele, Swarthmore, 1958, Nigeria

"This is p robab ly the most beau-

tiful place on ea r th . . . But a f t e r you 've been here a while you find someth ing much more beaut i fu l than

rice paddies and groves of rubbe r trees . . . It is a very basic joy wi th

life tha t I wish I could take back and inject into Amer i ca . "

— D a v i d Roseborongh, University of Tulsa, 1962, Malaysia

" W e are the sons and daugh te r s of Amer i ca . But we are a lso sons and daugh te r s of 1,000 towns and vil-

lages a r o u n d the wor ld ."

—Roger Landrum, Albion College, 1959, Nigeria

ment p rog ram pat ted me on the back ( a f t e r feeding m e ) and told

me to go out and develop a chief-d o m . It's easy to see why I was

chosen for this mission; no one really knows what c o m m u n i t y de-

ve lopment entai ls , and who is bet-ter qualified fo r an undefined proj-ect than an undef ined person?

I packed my bags and moved to

Masingbe , a town of about 2300 people and headqua r t e r s of Kunike C h i e f d o m . Immedia te ly a f t e r my

arr ival , I went to the highest point in the town to survey my new h o m e :

the huts of m u d , watt le , and bur-lap; the f r a g r a n c e of lilac, f rangi-pani, and purple-tassled flowers fill-ing the heavy air — ah, sweet life.

While I was gone my house was

robbed .

In the weeks that fol lowed I worked ha rd , d ropping new words

such as "co-opera t ive ," "social cen-ter ," "adul t educa t ion , " "d ispensary ,"

and so on. I even pretended to know the T e m n e equiva len ts : kaw opaneh, nseth na kawol, karan ka na baki,

nseth nim atui . . .

T h e n u m b e r of projects I have going is r idiculous, and I would

have to be a Renaissance M a n to hand le them all. But 1 have bluffed my way; and my ingenious word-

dropp ing scheme has convinced at least some people tha t I a m pos-

sessed of v i r tue , that I am a t rue "genera l i s t" ( t ha t is to say, general ly good in eve ry th ing ) . And just as my shoelaces got tied, my projects , s o m e h o w , will be completed.

THE INDIVIDUAL: Talk From the Trees

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Directory: '66 Overseas Training Programs Following is a partial and

tentative l ist of training pro-grams for overseas assign-ments scheduled for Summer 1 9 6 6 .

The index at the bottom of the facing page lists, by aca-demic major, those programs requiring specific skil l or educational background.

If your major subject is not listed in the index, refer to the sections describing the areas of the world in which you wish to work.

LATIN AMERICA

Community Development

1 0 1 . COLOMBIA Volunteers will work

th roughout the coun t ry with t rained Colom-bian co-workers in c o m m u n i t y deve lopment teams to assist the C o l o m b i a n Ministry of G o v e r n m e n t , Division of C o m m u n i t y Action. Archi tects and engineers will be versed in c o m m u n i t y act ion, but will work in their professional capaci t ies .

1 0 2 . CHILE Volun tee rs will work with two agencies, the Fundac ion de Viviendas y Asistencia Social and the Agra r i an Re fo rm C o r p o r a t i o n in e i ther the pohlaciones (one step above a s l u m ) or rural aldeas (newly fo rmed rural co lon ie s ) .

1 0 3 . PERU Vo lun tee r s will work closely with governmenta l and private insti tutions claiming interest in the harriadas ( u rban slums resulting f r o m mass migra t ion to the c i t ies) , initiating and implement ing effective c o m m u n i t y organiza t ions .

104 . PERU W o r k i n g with the Nat iona l Agrar ian R e f o r m and Cooperacion Popular, Volunteers will work with mest izo pa t rons to unders tand the campesino ( rura l peasan t ) and prepare the c a m p e s i n o for entry into social and economic life when he gets his own land. Specialists will work with Cooperac ion Pop-ular in pert inent self-help projects.

1 0 5 . HONDURAS Volunteers will work

with a new agency, the Nat ional Insti tute of C o m m u n i t y Deve lopmen t . They will be as-signed to rural mnnicipio having anywhere

f r o m 5-30 villages and will use their special skills in developing both the municipal i ty and the villages. Vo lun tee r s in u rban areas will work largely with the Nat ional Inst i tute of Flousing in low-cost housing units.

Technical and Industrial

Education

106 . CHILE Vo lun tee r s will teach pro-fessional and in-service training courses for laborers , supervisors and ins t ructors in t rade schools, small fac tor ies and polytechnic in-stitutes th roughou t Chi le . Several Volunteers will serve as technic ians in u r b a n slums where small industr ia l shops are p lanned.

1 0 7 . VENEZUELA Working with the Min-

istry of Educa t ion , Volunteers will teach m a n u a l and industr ial arts and h o m e econom-ics in vocat ional and technical schools and secondary schools.

Education

1 0 8 . CHILE Vo lun tee r s will work as as-sistant professors and vocat ional educa tors in their specific fields and will take part in eve-ning classes, s tudy groups, workshops and cul tura l o rgan iza t ions at the university to which they are assigned.

1 0 9 . JAMAICA Vo lun tee r s will assist the Ministr ies of Educa t i on , Agr icu l ture and De-ve lopment and W e l f a r e in communi t i e s t h r o u g h o u t the coun t ry . Depending on back-grounds , they will be associate m e m b e r s of the Univers i ty of West Indies in p re -pr imary schools, will work in greater and more ef-fective ut i l izat ion of educat ional television, will teach in you th camps , o r will work to increase the n u m b e r and effectiveness of co-ops.

1 1 0 . ECUADOR Volunteers will teach their specialty in universities and normal schools in A m b a t o , Guayaqu i l , Loja and Qui to . They , and their co-professors , will be responsible to the Ministry of Educa t ion .

1 1 1 . BRITISH HONDURAS Vo lun tee r s will work through the Ministry of Educa -tion's Office of Social Deve lopment in sec-onda ry schools, p r imary teacher t ra in ing and village deve lopment . Specialists will work in the Depa r tmen t of Public Works or with the Civil Aviat ion Depa r tmen t . Assistance is urgently needed while United Kingdom per-sonnel leave in anticipation of independence .

1 1 2 . COLOMBIA Volun tee rs with science backgrounds will in t roduce new me thods and mater ia l in their specialty to secondary school teachers in training. Engineers will be as-signed to one of fou r universit ies to upgrade engineer ing instruction in the depa r tmen t .

All Volunteers will be responsible to the Ministry of Educat ion.

Physical Education

113 . VENEZUELA Volunteers will work in e lementary , secondary and teacher train-ing insti tutions th roughout the count ry , seek-ing to upgrade physical educat ion in the schools and the su r round ing c o m m u n i t y or communi t i e s .

114 . COSTA RICA Volunteers will work with coun te rpa r t s in secondary school physi-cal educat ion programs, c o m m u n i t y recreat ion p rograms , and will give courses sponsored

by the Ministry of Educa t ion to teachers dur ing the summer vacat ions .

115 . ECUADOR Work ing with the Spor t s Federa t ions in the provinces. Volunteers will work at grass roots levels to encourage con-struct ion of facilities, f o r m a t i o n of spor ts clubs, and camps for the underpr iv i leged, and

will p robably teach physical educat ion in the local secondary schools. T h e y will also help get underway a s t rong new p rog ram of physical educat ion at Cen t ra l Universi ty in Quito.

116 . COLOMBIA Unde r the technical sup-

ervision of the Amer ican Associat ion f o r Heal th . Physical Educa t ion and Recrea t ion and var ious Co lombian agencies. Vo lun tee r s will assist in the expansion and improvement of youth programs, physical educat ion pro-grams . spor ts clubs, etc. th roughout the count ry and will assist in the televising of educa t iona l p rograms in heal th , physical educat ion and recreat ion.

Secretarial

117 . LATIN AMERICA RECIOISAL Vol

unteers , depending upon their profess ional qual i f icat ions, will serve as chief secretaries , office manager s or secretaries to staff m e m -bers in Peace Corps offices in Bolivia, Bra-zil. C o l o m b i a . Costa Rica. Domin ican Re-public. El Salvador . G u a t e m a l a , H o n d u r a s , J ama ica , P a n a m a . Peru or Venezuela .

Food, Agricultural and 4-H

118. COLOMBIA Volunteers will work in rural a reas under the technical direction and supervision of United Nat ions F A O and Co-lombian Nat iona l Inst i tute of Nut r i t ion offi-

cials. T h e y will be concerned with h o m e economics and agricul tural extension ac-tivities.

1 1 9 . EL SALVADOR Volun tee rs will work with local extension agents t h roughou t the count ry to help expand and s t rengthen 4-H

clubs. T h e y will be responsible to the na-tional 4-H supervisor.

1 2 0 . ECUADOR Volunteers will work un-der the adminis t ra t ion of Hei fer Projects , Inc. With Ecuadorean counterpar t s , they will work

with campesinos ( ru ra l peasan t s ) in lower-level agr icul ture and c o m m u n i t y deve lopment p rograms . Veter inar ians will teach at th ree universi t ies; foresters will work on the na-t ional fo res t ry deve lopment plan; and engi-neers will work in rural i rr igat ion and con-s t ruct ion projects.

Cooperatives

1 2 1 . CHILE Volunteers will work with specific fishing co-ops a long the Chi lean coast

in their a rea of specialty. H o m e economis t s will work with fishermen's wives in nut r i t ion , general extension and c o m m u n i t y develop-ment work , complement ing the work of the men in the p rogram.

1 2 2 . PERU Volun tee rs will work with existing co-ops which were hasti ly fo rmed and need educa t ion and guidance if they are not to fail. T h e y will work as t ra iners and coun-selors, teaching people to take responsibili ty fo r the m a n a g e m e n t of their own affairs th rough coopera t ive effor ts .

123 . VENEZUELA Volunteers will assist the Soc io-Economic D e p a r t m e n t of Na t iona l Agrar ian R e f o r m Insti tute ( I A N ) in the ad-minis t ra t ion and m a n a g e m e n t of the agri-cul tural p roduc t ion coopera t ives within the agrar ian r e f o r m set t lements .

124 . VENEZUELA Volunteers , assisting the D e p a r t m e n t of Coopera t ives , will work th roughout the count ry in savings and loan, consumers , t r anspor ta t ion , product ion (agr i -cul ture and ar ts and c r a f t s ) and housing co-operat ives. Area emphas i s will be on Vene-zuela 's cent ra l and western states.

Public and Municipal Administrat ion

125. C H I L E Volunteers and Chi lean Spe-cialists will work in teams under the newly fo rmed Ministry of U r b a n Affairs in pro-vincial cities t h roughou t the coun t ry . T e a m

m e m b e r s will serve as t ra iners and advisors to local g o v e r n m e n t a l officials in all aspects of public and munic ipa l admin i s t r a t ion .

1 2 6 . VENEZUELA Venezuela ' s F o u n d a t i o n

f o r C o m m u n i t y D e v e l o p m e n t and Munic ipa l I m p r o v e m e n t has been pr imar i ly conce rned with u r b a n hous ing projects . Volun tee r s , by s tudying, survey ing and work ing on mu-

nicipal projects in var ious cities, will help them at ta in the diversif icat ion they desire.

Electrif ication

1 2 7 . ECUADOR W o r k i n g under the Ecua-

do rean Inst i tute of Electr i f icat ion, Vo lun tee r s will help p r o m o t e and s tandardize the elec-trification of the coun t ry and help t ra in na t iona ls in cons t ruc t ion , opera t ion and m a i n t e n a n c e of sys tems th roughou t the coun-try. Engineers will design, supervise and help admin i s t ra te the systems.

Educational Television/ Television Literacy

128 . COLOMBIA Volun tee rs will work with the Il l i teracy Section of the Minis t ry of Educa t ion , deve loping l i teracy centers t h roughou t the coun t ry , recrui t ing i l l i terates

Nearly 4,000 Volunteers are now at work in 18 Latin American countries.

Q Elementary and Secondary Education O Nutr i t ion (Home Economics,

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0 Physical Educat ion 0 Law and Publ ic Admin is t rat ion

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0 Rural Community Development 0

Savings and Loan)

0 Urban Community Development o Construct ion

0 Agr icul ture (Crops and Livestock) 0 Mechanics

0 Health (Lab Technicians, Doctors) 0 Performing Arts (Drama, Dance,

Nursing 0

Music, Product ion)

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Rural Community Development

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Healtti (Lab Technicians, Doctors)

Nursing

Nutrition (Home Economics, School Lunch Profram)

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More than 6,500 Peace Corps Volunteers are currently serving in 28 nations of Africa, Near East, South Asia and the Far East

and co-workers, organizing and supervising daily educational television literacy programs and will participate in the follow-up among participants and feedback to the Ministry.

AFRICA Education

2 0 1 . ETHIOPIA Volunteers will teach: English, social studies and vocational sub-jects in Junior Secondary Schools; English, social studies, and math and science in Senior Secondary Schools; and business, law and other subjects at the University Demonstra-tion School.

202 . NIGERIA Volunteers will teach Eng-lish, mathematics , science, geography, French, and industrial arts in secondary schools throughout the country.

2 0 3 . TANZANIA Volunteers will teach his-tory, geography and math/science in sec-ondary schools throughout the country.

2 0 4 . FRENCH SPEAKING AFRICA (Ivory Coast, Senegal, East Cameroon and Togo) Volunteers will teach English as a foreign language, including g rammar , composition, literature and conversation.

Community Development

2 0 5 . ETHIOPIA Volunteers will work in the community centers of seven large Ethio-pian cities. They will aid in the development of effective social welfare programs, such as health education, adult literacy, recreation and handicraf t instruction.

Health

2 0 6 . ETHIOPIA Nurses will organize and conduct training courses for "dressers" (health workers) . Medical Technologists will work with student technicians and college grad-uates who have degrees in science, teaching them techniques of laboratory work. Health Educators will work in two colleges and at four teacher training schools, educating the future teachers and encouraging inclusion of health education material into all science curricula.

NANESA * Community Development

3 0 1 . TURKEY Volunteers will be members of village mobile teams, operated by the Turkish Ministry of Education, through the Technical Education Directorate. These teams move f rom village to village on a regular

• N o r t h A f r i c a , N e a r E a s t a n d S o u t h A s i a

I N D E X Account ing - 103, 109, 122-124, 126, 205, 301-302

Agr i cu l tu ra l Economics — 104-105, 118-120, 123-124

Ag r i cu l t u ra l Educat ion — 104-105, 118 120, 123-124

Agr i cu l tu ra l Eng ineer ing — 104-105, 118-120, 123-124

Agr i cu l tu re (see Agronomy, Animal Husbandry, Agri-cu l tu ra l Economics, Agr i cu l tu ra l Educat ion, Hort i -cu l tu re , Forestry, Pou l t ry , Agr icu l tu ra l Engineer ing, Veter inary Medic ine, Entomology)

A g r o n o m y - 104-105, 118-120, 123-124

Animal Husbandry — 104-105, 118-120, 123-124

A n t h r o p o l o g y - 103-105, 109, 111, 113, 116, 118, 120, 124, 204-205, 303, 306

A rch i tec tu re — 103, 105, 111, 306

Area Regional Studies — 103-105, 109, 111, 113, 116, 118, 120, 124, 204-205, 303, 306

Arts, Fine and App l ied — 201, 205

Ast ronomy (see Physical Sciences)

B io log ica l Sciences — 109-112, 121, 201-203, 304, 401

Business and Commerce — 103, 109, 122-124, 126

Chemical Engineer ing — 1 1 2

C h e m i s t r y - 109-112, 201-203, 304, 401

Chi ld Development — 109, 303

City M a n a g e m e n t — 1 2 5 - 1 2 6

Ci ty P l a n n i n g — 105, 125-126

Civi l Engineer ing — 104-105, 120, 306

C lo th ing and Text i les (see Home Economics)

Commerce (see Business and Commerce)

Counsel ing and Guidance — 103-105, 109, 111, 113, 116, 118, 120, 124, 204-205, 303, 306

E c o n o m i c s - 103, 109, 122-124, 126

E lec t r ica l E n g i n e e r i n g — 105, 111-112, 127, 306

Elementary Educat ion — 109, 111, 303 Engineer ing (see specia l type of engineer ing)

basis, offering courses aimed at uplifting the standard of living by imparting technical skills and self-help programs.

3 0 2 . INDIA Volunteers will work with in-dividual private producers, state poultry farms and cooperative markets to improve feed and poultry production and distribution. They will also work in teaching nutrition and food preservation.

English - 110, 201-202, 304, 401

Entomology - 109, 111, 201-204, 304, 401

Foods and Nut r i t i on (see Home Economics)

Foreign Languages, other than Spanish and French — 103-105, 111, 113, 116, 118-120, 124, 204-205, 301, 303, 305-306

Forestry — 120

French - 202, 204

Geography — 201-203

G e o l o g y - 109, 111 ,201 -203 , 304, 401

Geophysics (see Physical Sciences)

Government (see Pol i t ica l Sciences)

Guidance (see Counsel ing and Guidance)

Heal th Educat ion - 101-105, 205-206, 301, 307

H i s t o r y - 103-105, 109, 111, 113, 116, 118, 120, 124, 2 0 1 , 2 0 3 - 2 0 5 , 3 0 1 , 3 0 3 , 305-306

Home E c o n o m i c s — 104-105, 107, 109, 111, 118-121, 205

H o r t i c u l t u r e - 104-105, 118-120, 123-124

Indus t r ia l Ar ts — 201-202

Indus t r ia l Engineer ing — 112, 201-202

In te rna t iona l Relat ions — 103-105, 109, 111, 113, 116, 118, 120, 124, 204 205, 301, 303, 305-306

J o u r n a l i s m - 103-105, 109, 111, 113, 116, 118, 120, 124, 204-205, 301, 303, 305-306

K indergar ten (see Nursery and K indergar ten Educa-t ion)

L a w — 103, 126, 201

L ibrary Science — 201

L i n g u i s t i c s - 103-105, 109, 111, 113, 116, 118, 120, 124, 204-205, 3 0 1 , 3 0 3 , 305-306

L i t e r a t u r e - 103-105, 109, 111, 113, 116, 118, 120, 124, 204-205, 301, 303, 305-306

Ma themat i cs - 109-112, 201-203, 304, 401

Mechan ica l Engineer ing — 1 0 5 , 1 0 7 , 112, 306

Medica l Technology — 206

Med ic ine — 201

Education

303 . T U R K E Y Volunteers will work in orphanages operated by the Ministries of Health and Education to introduce modern child care and increase community interest in the institutions. Nursery school teachers will be assigned to the Girls ' Technical In-stitutes to introduce new concepts and methods of child care and instruction.

Turn to Page 8. Col. 4

Meta l lu rgy (see Physical Sciences)

Meteoro logy (see Physical Sciences)

M u s i c - 103-105, 109, 111, 113, 116, 118, 120, 124, 204-205, 301, 303, 305-306

Nursery and K indergar ten Educat ion — 109, 303

Nurs ing — 201, 206

Nu t r i t i on (see Home Economics)

Oceanography — 121

P h a r m a c y - 101-105, 109, 111, 201-203, 205, 301, 304, 307

P h i l o s o p h y - 103-105, 109, 111, 113, 116, 118, 120, 124, 204-205, 301, 303, 305 306

Physical Educat ion — 113, 115-116

Physical Sciences — 111, 201

P h y s i c s - 109-112, 201-203, 304, 401

Pol i t ica l S c i e n c e — 103-105, 109, 111, 113, 116, 118, 120, 124, 204-205, 301, 303, 305-306

P o u l t r y - 104-105, 118-120, 123-124

P s y c h o l o g y - 103-105, 109, 111, 113, 116, 118, 120, 124, 204-205, 301, 303, 305-306

Public Adm in i s t r a t i on — 125-126

Public H e a l t h - 101-103, 105, 205-206, 301, 307

Radio and Telev is ion — 128

Recreat ion — 113, 115-116

Sanitary Engineer — 3 0 6

Secondary Educat ion - 109, 111-112, 128, 201-204, 304-305, 4 0 1

Secretar ia l Studies — 1 1 7 , 201

Social W o r k — 103-105, 109, 111, 113, 116, 118, 120, 124, 204-205, 301, 303, 305-306

S o c i o l o g y — 103-105, 109, 113, 116, 118, 120, 124, 126, 204-205, 301, 303, 30S-306

Spanish — dependent on o ther sk i l l s , programs in Lat in Amer ica

S p e e c h - 103-105, 109, 111, 113, 116, 118, 120, 124, 204-205, 301, 303, 305-306

Veter inary Med ic ine — 1 0 4 , 120

Vocat ional Educat ion — 105, 107, 109-111, 202, 301

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Q&A: About Skills, Pay, Qualifications How? Where? When? W h y ?

Peace Corps c a m p u s recrui ters an-swer thousands of quest ions about qualif icat ions, assignments , selection, t raining and a thousand other facets of the p rograms .

Here arc answers to the most f requent ly posed quest ions.

Q. Is (he Peace Corps successful?

A. The best measure of success is the fact that host countr ies ask us back. The response of the 46 countr ies where Volunteers are at work has been overwhelming: Near ly every count ry has requested more Volunteers than are avai lable . Requests hy 20 other nat ions for

Volunteers have had to be turned down for lack of Volunteers to fill t hem.

Q. D o e s a Volunteer have a choice as to where he is sent?

A. Yes. He may indicate prefer-ences on the ques t ionnai re . However , a person 's skills and background are matched with requi rements , and he may not be offered an assignment in his first-choice count ry . And he. in turn, may decline the invitation and request another more to his liking.

Q. T o what extent does a person commi t himself when he fills out an

appl icat ion and takes the test? C a n he change his mind?

A. A person is free to change his mind at any lime. C o m p l e t i n g the applicat ion procedure indicates an interest in the Peace C o r p s to which the agency will respond.

Q. How much do you get paid?

A. Fach Volunter is provided with an a l lowance large enough to

permit him to live at the same level as those with whom he will work .

Each Volunteer also gets a read-justment a l lowance of $75 per month ( b e f o r e taxes) which is given to him at the end of service.

Q. W h a t are (he qual i f icat ions and

s (andards fo r Peace C o r p s service?

A. T h e basic qual i f icat ions are br ief : you must be an Amer i can citi-zen. at least 18 years old, wi thout dependen t s under 18, and avai lable for a two-year term of service. You need not know a language. Most people, for instance, don' t know

Urdu , which we teach you if you ' re headed for West Pakis tan. T h e s t anda rds are quite high. More than 150.000 people have applied for the Peace C o r p s and only about 18.000 have been sent ab road .

Q. H o w long af (er applying do you find ou( if you are accep(ed?

A. You will be notified within six weeks if you are to be invited to join a t ra in ing p rog ram. You

do not actually become a Peace C o r p s Volunteer until you have com-pleted training.

Q. Wha( kinds of skills are needed and wha( jobs a re avai lable?

A. T h e Peace Corps has Volun-teers working at some 300 jobs, in-c luding c o m m u n i t y development , teaching. account ing, recreation, publ ic health, heavy equipment ma in t enance and agricul ture . Your en thus iasm and energy are as impor-tant as your skills, however .

CHANGING DIRECTIONS Mos/ Volunteers Alter Career Plans While Overseas

The Peace C o r p s has a "pro-found effect" on the career choice of Volunteers , says Robert Cal-vert, d i rector of the organiza t ion ' s Ca ree r In fo rma t ion Service.

Studies of the first 5.000 re turned Volunteers show that more than half of them changed their voca-

tional plans while in the Peace Corps . T w o out of three of the Volunteers who entered the Peace Corps with no long-range vocat ional

goals decided on one while overseas, according to the studies.

Par t icular ly significant, Ca lver t

says, has been the shift toward inter-nat ional careers . Only 8 % of the

5,000 Volunteers were interested in long-range careers overseas when they entered the Peace Corps . But

a lmost one- th i rd had this aim when they comple ted service, he says.

Statist ically, the activities of the 5.()()() re tu rned Volunteers are

broken down this way:

• 39r'c have cont inued their educa-tion.

• \ y v ( work for the Federal , state or local government .

• 15% teach either in the United States or a b r o a d .

• 8 % work with a social service agency (more than 100 re turned Volun tee rs are now taking part in

the Office of Economic Oppor tun-itv's War on Poverty; more than 10% of these are serving as VISTA Volunteers) .

• 11% are in business and industry, cither in this count ry or abroad .

T h e remain ing 12% includes many who are traveling be fore s tar t-ing their careers . Some older re-turned Volunteers have ret ired. A number of the women surveyed have

marr ied and forsaken career goals for the role of housewife .

A separa te study of more than 2.()()() re turned Volun teers indicates

that nearly one-third were interested in teaching at all levels. The same study shows that the n u m b e r inter-ested in ca ree rs in government had

doubled — to 20% — since they entered the Peace Corps .

More than 6.000 persons have successful ly completed service as Peace C o r p s Volunteers . It is esti-mated that at least 50.000 will have comple ted service by 1970.

PEACE CORPS AT A GLANCE O n J a n u a r y 1, 1966, the P e a c e C o r p s c o m p r i s e d

m o r e t h a n 1 2 , 0 0 0 V o l u n t e e r s . T h e to ta l i n c l u d e s

m o r e t h a n 1 (),()()() w o r k i n g in 4 6 n a t i o n s of A f r i c a ,

Asia and L a t i n A m e r i c a a n d 2,()()() t r a i n i n g f o r

s e rv ice o v e r s e a s .

• M o r e t h a n 100 co l leges a n d u n i v e r s i t i e s a r e

t r a i n i n g P e a c e C o r p s V o l u n t e e r s .

• I he largest c o n c e n t r a t i o n of V o l u n t e e r s is in

L a t i n A m e r i c a — nea r ly 4 , 0 0 0 .

• 4 1 % of all P e a c e C o r p s V o l u n t e e r s a r e w o m e n .

• I h e r e a r e 5 8 0 m a r r i e d c o u p l e s s e r v i n g in t h e

P e a c e C o r p s . S i n c e the P e a c e C o r p s b e g a n t h e r e

h a v e been 2 7 4 m a r r i a g e s i n v o l v i n g V o l u n t e e r s .

77 c h i l d r e n , i n c l u d i n g o n e set of t w i n s , h a v e

been b o r n to P e a c e C o r p s c o u p l e s a b r o a d .

97 P e a c e C o r p s V o l u n t e e r s a r e b e t w e e n 5 0 a n d

6 0 y e a r s o ld , 100 a r e o l d e r t h a n 6 0 .

8 5 % of all V o l u n t e e r s h a v e co l lege d e g r e e s , a n d

6 , / 2 % h a v e g r a d u a t e d e g r e e s .

Of n e a r l y 5 , 0 0 0 V o l u n t e e r s to c o m p l e t e t w o

yea r s of s e r v i c e a n d r e t u r n t o the U . S. , 3 9 % a r e

c o n t i n u i n g t h e i r e d u c a t i o n .

M o r e t h a n 6 0 co l leges a n d u n i v e r s i t i e s h a v e

e s t a b l i s h e d s o m e 3 0 0 s p e c i a l s c h o l a r s h i p s a n d

f e l l o w s h i p s f o r r e t u r n i n g V o l u n t e e r s .

A b o u t 5 5 % of all V o l u n t e e r s a b r o a d a r e w o r k i n g

in e d u c a t i o n — p r i m a r y , s e c o n d a r y , u n i v e r s i t y ,

phys i ca l , a d u l t a n d v o c a t i o n a l .

w

C O A C H E S C O M M I T T E E : Football coach members of 22-man Fi f th Anniversary Coaches commit tee huddle w i th Director Sargent Shriver to plan recrui t ing of varsity athletes and PE majors for Volunteer programs. They are, f rom left, Robert L. Blackman, Dartmouth; Earl Banks, Morgan State; Pete El l iot t , I l l inois; Darrell Royal, Texas; Shriver, and John Ralston, Stanford. At r ight is Charles Pevey, Louisiana State, representing commit tee member Charles McClendon of LSU.

DRAFT: DEFERMENT

BUT NO EXEMPTIONS

Peace C o r p s service does not fulfill mi l i ta ry obligat ions, al-though Volun tee r s are de fe r red

dur ing their term of service.

While service in the Peace C o r p s has been de te rmined by the Selective Service System to

be in the nat ional interest , a Volun tee r must obta in a defer-ment f r o m his local d r a f t board just as a s tudent does. Immed-iately a f t e r accepting an invi-

tat ion to join the Peace Corps , the prospect ive Vo lun tee r will receive f o r m s to send to his d r a f t b o a r d .

A Peace C o r p s d e f e r m e n t does not exempt a Volun tee r f rom

fu tu re d r a f t requi rements . N o r does it m e a n that he cannot qual i fy f o r fu r the r d e f e r m e n t s

a f t e r comple t ion of service.

M e m b e r s of a rmed forces re-serve uni ts must have com-pleted their active du ty before applying to the Peace Corps . Any remain ing weekly drill or s u m m e r c a m p obl igat ions a f te r

active du ty are pos tponed while a m e m b e r of the reserve is overseas.

DIRECTORY Continued from Page 7

3 0 4 . TVRKFY Volun tee rs will teach English (Turkey ' s second language) in junior and senior high schools in eastern Tu rkey . They will leach between 20-30 hours dur ing the 5 ,/2 day school week.

3 0 5 . IRA!\ Volun tee rs in second-ary schools will work with I ranian coun te rpa r t s to raise the level of English language instruct ions. Those with M A ' s in English will work in colleges and universit ies t ra ining English teachers .

Public Works 3 0 6 . IRAN Volun tee rs will work with the Ministry of Deve lopment and Hous ing in the provinces, in-volved with the const ruct ion of ac-cess roads , village water systems, rural electr if icat ion p rograms , schools and hous ing .

Public Health

3 0 7 . INDIA Volunteers will work in t eams with Indian counte rpar t s ,

t ravel ing f rom village to village, giv-ing in formal classes and demons t ra -

t ions on simple health practices, p roper diets, preservat ion of foods, etc.

FAR EAST Education

4 0 1 . PHILIPPINES Volunteers

will be assigned as co- teachers in e l emen ta ry , secondary or no rmal schools as in-service teacher t rainers . This is a "qua l i ty" p rogram not de-signed to meet a shor tage of man-

power ; par t icular emphas i s will be in the areas of English, ma thema t i c s and science.

Did you s e e t h e end of

Dr . S t r a n g e l o v e ?

p l e a s e j o in t h e P e a c e C o r p s .

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