02a - LTE Overview
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Transcript of 02a - LTE Overview
LTE Overview
latest material underhttps://sharenet-ims.inside.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/Open/362836894
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 2
Re-use of• Sites and
infrastructure• Backhauling• Frequency bands
Key benefits for operators and end-user
User experience ARPU
Scalable bandwidthLow cost per Mbyte
Investment Protection
3G HSPA HSPAevo LTE …
Cost per Mbyte Optimized spectrum usage
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
900 MHz
900 or1800 MHz GSM
or
GSM UMTS
LTE
HSPA HSPA LTEevo
Throughput Latency
Lower Costs, Scalability
HSPA HSPA LTEevo
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 3
Content
LTE/SAE Technology Overview
Standardization & Industry forums
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 4
Standardization & Industry forums
• NGMN Ltd. • LTE/SAE Trial Initiative • 3GPP
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 5
NGMN Ltd. Consortium
MISSION
Operator community view on requirement in the decade beyond 2010.
VISION
• Provide a platform for innovation
• Target architecture will be an optimized Packet Switched (PS) network architecture
• Address key issues that underpin the success of mobile industry: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), interworking of different technologies (early interoperability tests), ...
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 6
NGMN Ltd. status (as of 6/2009)
19 ngmn Members:
35 ngmn Sponsors:
3 ngmn Advisors:
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 7
Requirements as stated by NGMN (NGMN_WP_Version3_0)
• Seamless Mobility• Low Latency• High Spectral Efficiency• High E2E Throughput• Quality of Service• Security• Integrated Network• Inter-working• Simplicity• Low Total Cost of Ownership• High Reliability
Industry Liaisons - NGMN Ltd.
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 8
LSTI (LTE-SAE Trial Initiative)- joint test bed for LTE worldwide
http://lstiforum.org/
Friendly customer trials
PR
2007 2008 2009 2010
Public Relation work
InteroperabilityIODT
IOT
Trials
Test of basic functions
Proof of Concept
• Nokia Siemens Networks drives LSTI
Test of OFDM Air Interface
LSTI initiatives goals/objectives
• drive industrialization of 3GPP LTE/SAE technology
• demonstrate feasibility and capabilities of 3GPP LTE-SAE technology under real world conditions. Indoor & outdoor tests
• accelerate development of 3GPP specification and stimulate LTE/SAE ecosystem
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 9
Roadmap for LSTI in general
IOTIODT TrialsProof of Conceptpartially
compliantCompliant
over key subset Compliant Compliant+form factor UE
Vendor + test UE
or UE partner Vendor +
UE partner pairsMultiple Partners Vendors and UE
Operator + Vendor +UE partner
Towards standards compliancy and commercial conditions
Applications
EPC
NSN RA LTE Business Development
NSN drives LSTI organization• Founding member of LSTI• Permanent Board member• Head of Program Office• Leading LSTI Legal Body• One of the main contributor• Active in all Working Programs
LSTI Press Release on February 5th, 2008
Telecom Industry Group Sees Soaring Speeds for LTE Mobile BroadbandLTE/SAE Trial Initiative Shows LTE Development is on Track and the Ecosystem
is Broadening
BARCELONA, February 5, 2008 – The LTE/SAE Trial Initiative (LSTI) has completed a secondround of LTE tests which show that the technology is on track to bring super-fast wireless
broadband capabilities to the mass market. LSTI, which consists of companies from across theglobal telecom industry, has verified that LTE is capable of achieving the high speed downloads
and fast network response times necessary to give a true broadband experience on mobiledevices.
….The latest laboratory and early field tests on prototype LTE systems have confirmed that baseline
devices can achieve download speeds exceeding 100 Mbps, and high performance systemsusing 4x4 MIMO antennas can push this to beyond 300Mbps.
……“These latest test results show that LTE development is striding confidently forward, with
prototype systems comfortably meeting the performance targets set out by the 3GPP standards,”said Doug Wolff, general manager of LTE, Nortel, LSTI Member.
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 12
Standardization3GPP Rel 8 LTE/SAE specifications finalized
First release of LTE/SAE specifications (3GPP Rel 8) finalized E03/2009• Stable implementation base reached (for FDD and TDD) by 03/2009
Final EPC spec for first implementation by 05/2009
SA 3 Security aspects
SA 5 Charging aspectsOAM aspects
FF
Overall SAE Work PlanStatus: 04/2009
SA2
2007 2008 2009Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar
CT 3 aspects TR/TS
Specifications
CT1
CT 3
CT 4
Jun
F: Freezing
TR 29.804 on maintenance mode, work shifted to TS work
F
FCT 1 aspects TR/TS
Specifications
CT 4 aspects TR/TS
Specifications
TR 29.803 on maintenance mode, work shifted to TS work
FF
F
Exceptions to be completedCorrections based on stage 3 work completed end of March 2009
TR24.801 on maintenance mode, work shifted to TS work CAT F corrections
still foreseen
CAT F corrections still foreseen
CAT F corrections still foreseen
F
RAN1
2007 2008 2009Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar
Layer 1
Layer 2
UE eNB Tx/RxRRM core
PAA
AA
RAN2
RAN4
RRC
Jun
P
Common env.Signaling
RAN5RF Tx/Rx/Per Req.
AA
eNB Test
P F
FF AF
L1&TransportP
AA
RAN3S1/X2 AP
P FF AF
FF
ARRM Test
FF
ARF RRM A
A: ApprovalP: Pre-Functional FreezingF: Functional FreezingAF: ASN.1 Freezing
Overall LTE Work Plan: Common finalization dates for FDD and TDD
Test specificationCore radio specifications
Status: 04/2009
3GPP Rel.8, March 2009 as basis for commercial launch [radio & terminals]EPC topics finalized within May 2009 [radio & core]
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 13
Summary – Trends & Drivers
Traffic
Revenue
• Strong industry momentum
• Advanced ecosystem
• Global standard completed (3GPP Rel.8, March 2009) for first commercial LTE implementations
• Traffic & Revenue disconnected
• Offloading from legacy needed
• 5 billion connected in 2015
• 3GPP technology mainstream
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 14
LTE/SAE Technology Overview
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 15
AccessFlat Overall Architecture
• 2-node architecture• IP routable transport architecture
Improved Radio Principles• peak data rates [Mbps ] 173 DL , 58 UL • Scalable BW: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz• Short latency: 10 – 20 ms
New Core Architecture• Simplified Protocol Stack• Simple, more efficient QoS• UMTS backward compatible security
LTE / SAE introduces the mechanism to fulfill the requirements of a next generation mobile network
Access Core Control
LTE BTS (eNodeB)
MMESAE-GW
IMS HLR/HSS
RF Modulation:• OFDMA in DL• SC-FDMA in UL
Basic Concepts / Architecture
MME
S-GW and P-GW
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 16
Key architectural concept.Flat and cost effective Mobile Network
Access Core Control
W-CDMA BTSRNC
IMS HLR/HSS
2G BTS BSCMSCMGW
SGSN GGSN
LTE BTS (eNodeB)
MGW
MMESAE-GW
• New air I/F providing higher data throughputs• LTE provides flexibility for spectrum re-farming
and new spectrum• LTE can operate in a number of different
frequency bands
• Simplified, flat network architecture based on IP reduces operators’ cost per bit significantly
• Interworking with legacy systems is an integral part of service continuity
• Re-use of existing equipment as much as possible
Improved flexible radio technology Simpler architecture for reduced OPEX
GSM/EDGE/
UMTS/HSPA
LTE / SAE
Radio Access technology overview
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 18
TDMA FDMA CDMA OFDMA
f f
f
t
f
tcode
s
f
f
t
f
t
f
• Time Division • Frequency Division • Code Division • Frequency Division• Orthogonal subcarriers
Multiple Access Methods
User 1 User 2 User 3 User ..
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 19
Results of multipath fading
Reflections and multipath-fadingresult in large variationsof frequency response
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 20
Downlink - OFDMSubchannels / Tones (each 15 kHz)
time
1 TTI= 1ms
1 PRB (Physical Resource Block) = 12 Subcarriers = 180 kHz
1 PRB = 2 Slots = 2 * 0.5 ms
1.4 MHz = 72 Tones 20 MHz = 1200 TonesUser 1
User 2
User 3
User ..
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 21
OFDMA and Channel aware scheduler is key for high spectral efficiency of LTE
– OFDMA => no-intracell interference between UE‘s– DL FDPS (Frequency Dependent Packet Scheduling)
Spectral efficiency gain of approx. 40% for wide bandwidth allocation (20 MHz) vs. WCDMA/HSPA [where always the full channel bandwidth is used]▪ Radio link conditions are known from subband-CQIs reports
(with certain frequency resolution)▪ Optimum radio resources per UE determined by eNB (scheduler)▪ Smallest allocation size (Resource Block Group) depends on the system bandwidth
(see 3GPP 36.213, Chapter 7.1.6)
Frequency
Resource Block Group
Transmission on non-faded bandwidth parts
Carrier bandwidth
Frequency dependent fading signal
• CQI assisted scheduling (FDPS) improves spectral efficiency in LTE over WCDMA, also for high load scenarios
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 22
Uplink – Single Carrier FDMA
SC-FDMA: PRB‘s are grouped to bring down Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR)> better power efficiency at the terminal
1.4 MHz = 72 Tones 20 MHz = 1200 Tones
Subchannels / Tones (each 15 kHz)
time
1 TTI= 1ms
1 PRB (Physical Resource Block) = 12 Subcarriers = 180 kHz
1 PRB = 2 Slots = 2 * 0.5 ms
User 1
User 2
User 3
User ..
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 23
downli
nk
OFMD Downlink & SC-FDMA Uplink - TDD Timing
SC-FDMA: PRB‘s are grouped to bring down Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR)> better power efficiency at the terminal
1.4 MHz = 72 Tones 20 MHz = 1200 Tones
Subchannels / Tones (each 15 kHz)
time
1 TTI= 1ms
1 PRB (Physical Resource Block) = 12 Subcarriers = 180 kHz
1 PRB = 2 Slots = 2 * 0.5 ms
User 1
User 2
User 3
User ..
uplin
k
downli
nk
Special subframe containing guard period (switching from DL -> UL)
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 24
The Beauties of LTE
Channel only changes amplitude and phase of subcarriers
Fast Link Adaptation
due to channel
behaviour
Short TTI = 1 msTransmission time interval
Advanced Scheduling Time & Freq. (Frequency
Selective Scheduling)
TX RX
Tx RxMIMO
Channel
DL: OFDMA
UL: SC-FDMA
scalable
HARQ: Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
64QAMModulation
1
2
21NACK ACK
Rx Buffer
Combined decoding
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 25
LTE Radio principles
• Power efficient uplink increasing battery lifetime• Improved cell edge performance by low peak to average ratio• Reduced Terminal complexity
Uplink:
SC-FDMA
• Enabling peak cell data rates of 173 Mbps DL and 58 Mbps in UL *
• Scalable bandwidth: 1.4 / 3 / 5 / 10 /15 / 20 MHz also allows deployment in lower frequency bands (rural coverage, refarming)
• Short latency: 10 – 20 ms **
• Improved spectral efficiency• Reduced interference• Very well suited for MIMO
* At 20 MHz bandwidth, FDD, 2 Tx, 2 Rx, DL MIMO, PHY layer gross bit rate ** roundtrip ping delay (server near RAN)
Downlink:
OFDMA
Subchannels / Tones (each 15 kHz)
time
1 TTI= 1ms
1 PRB (Physical Resource Block)= 12 Subcarriers = 180 kHz
1 PRB = 2 Slots= 2 * 0.5 ms
User 1User 2User 3User ..
Subchannels / Tones (each 15 kHz)
time
1 TTI= 1ms
1 PRB (Physical Resource Block)= 12 Subcarriers = 180 kHz
1 PRB = 2 Slots= 2 * 0.5 ms
User 1User 2User 3User ..
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 26
MIMO Technology Overview
Several antenna technologies are summarized under the term MIMO (Multiple Input /Multiple output):
• Single user DL MIMO• DL MIMO - transmit diversity• DL MIMO - spatial Multiplexing
• Multi-user MIMO
• Virtual MIMO (UL MIMO)
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 27
DL single user MIMO – with 2 antennas
DL MIMO – Transmit diversity
Enhanced cell edge performance,capacity increase
• 2 TX antennas• SFBC (space frequency block codes)• Single stream (code word)
DL MIMO – Spatial multiplexing
Two code words (A+B) are transmitted in parallel to one UE which doublesthe peak rate.
A
B
Doubles the peak rate at good channelquality (near BTS)
• 2 TX antennas• Spatial multiplexing with two code words
Dynamic selection between• Spatial multiplexing with two code words (UE near the BTS)• Transmit diversity with one code word (UE far away from BTS to improve link budget/
SNIR)
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 29
UL multi user MIMO (virtual MIMO)
• In uplink, multi-stream transmission from single UE is not supported.• So called virtual MIMO or UL MU-MIMO is used instead
Increased cell throughput by multi user diversity gains– single Tx antennas at UEs– Two users are scheduled to use the same resource so the base station
receives multi-stream transmission
UE B data stream
UE A data stream
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 30
1.4 MHz
3.0 MHz
5 MHz
10 MHz
20 MHz
FFT size
128
256
512
1024
2048
Bandwidth
Narrow spectrum refarming(providing good coverage
in lower spectrum allocations)
High data rates(typically on new spectrum allocation)
LTE Bandwidth Scalability
• LTE provides scalable bandwidth 1.4 – 20 MHz using different number of subcarriers and different FFT size
• Large bandwidth provides high data rates • Small bandwidth allows simpler spectrum refarming,e.g. 850 MHz,900
MHz
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 31
LTE Downlink and Uplink Peak Bit Rates
• LTE-bandwidth is selected via SW mode in Flexi System and RF Modules
Downlink [Mbit/s per cell]
Uplink [Mbit/s per cell]
Modulation MIMO usageQPSK Single stream 1.0 2.7 4.4 8.8 13.0 17.616QAM Single stream 2.8 7.0 11.4 22.9 35.2 46.9
Modulation MIMO usage
QPSK Single stream 0.9 2.3 4.0 8.0 11.8 15.816QAM Single stream 1.9 5.0 8.0 16.4 24.5 32.964QAM Single stream 4.4 11.1 18.3 36.7 55.1 75.464QAM 2x2 MIMO 8.8 22.2 36.7 73.7 110.1 149.8
1.4 MHz 3.0 MHz 5.0 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHzResource blocks 6 15 25 50 75 100LTE cell bandwidth
1.4 MHz 3.0 MHz 5.0 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHzResource blocks 6 15 25 50 75 100LTE cell bandwidth
DL: 2x2–MIMO: 64QAM => 150 Mbps in 20 MHz, 73Mbps in 10 MHzUL: Single-stream Tx:16QAM => 47 Mbps in 20 MHz, 23Mbps in 10 MHz
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 32
LTE UE Categories• All categories support 20 MHz, 64QAM downlink and receive antenna
diversity
• Categories 2-4 expected in the first phase with bit rates up to 150 Mbps
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5
10/5 Mbps 50/25 Mbps 100/50 Mbps 150/50 Mbps 300/75 MbpsPeak rate DL/UL
20 MHzRF bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz
64QAMModulation DL 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM
16QAMModulation UL 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 16QAM
YesRx diversity Yes YesYes Yes
OptionalMIMO DL 2x2 4x42x2 2x2
Core Technology overview
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 34
How to streamline core networkto meet future requirements?
Provide all services over a single networking technology
Meet the capacity requirements
Cost efficiencyrequired
Streamline network architecture
FR
ATM IP
E1/T1
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 35
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
PCRFHSS
User planeControl plane
AAA
LTE Radio Access Network
MME
ServingGW
PDNGW
IMS
Services in Packet Data Network
Internet
Operatorservices
CompanyintranetseNode-B
3GPP Rel 8 network architecture:Evolved Packet Core (simplified)
SAE-GW
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 36
Cost efficiency in the key dimensions to meet future core network needs
Evolved Packet Core elements optimized according
to their roles in 3GPP R8:
MME:Mobility
management
S-GW and P-GW:Broadband connectivity
Policy Enforcement
Transaction andsignaling capacityto support mobility
Throughput capacity to support
data services’ growth
Packet processingcapacity to support
real-time services
All-IP
MME
Subscribers Transactions
S-GW / P-GW
Throughput: pps and Mbit/sSignalling
Scalability is keyfor core network
efficiency
ATCA platform performance is superior to router based platforms.
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 37
Core Technology Overview
• Mobility Management Entity– C-Plane Part– Session & Mobility management– Idle mode mobility management– Paging– AAA Proxy
• Serving Gateway– User plane anchor for mobility between the
2G/3G access system and the LTE access system.
– Resides in visited network in roaming cases– Lawful Interception
• Packet Data Network Gateway – Gateway towards Internet/Intranets– User plane anchor for mobility between 3GPP
and non-3GPP access systems (HA).– Charging Support– Policy and Charging Enforcement (PCEF) *)
– Packet Filtering– Lawful Interception
HLR/HSS(AAA)
PCRF
SAE-GW: System Architecture Evolution Gateway= S-GW + PDN-GW
*) PCRF: Policy and Charging Rules Function communicates withPCEF (Policy and Charging Enforcement Function withinPDN SAE GW)
PDN GW
MME
Serving GW
PDN
IMS
PCEF
SAE-GW
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 38
Mobility
HLR/HSS(AAA)
IMSOperator Servicesx
DNS: Domain Name Server GTP: GPRS Tunnel Protocol MIP: Mobile IP SGSN*: upgraded 2G/3G SGSN ( LTE capable)
UE IdentifierGlobal IP Address
MME
Serving GW
DNS
SGSN*2G/3G BTS
RNC/BSC
eNode B
I-WLANCDMA2000WiMAX…
PDN GW (HA)
ePDG for I-WLANPDSN for CDMA2000ASN-GW for WiMAX
…….
Service LayerAccess IndependentGlobal Mobility
Access Specific Local Mobility
UE Global IP PoA
UE 3GPP IP PoA
BS
GTP
GTP
MIP
Internet / Corporate Services
GTP
(FA)
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 39
Network-centric QoS scheme
• Substantially optimized Bearer handling compared to 3G networks
• Single scalar label (QCI) is a pointer to a set of QoS parameters
• Network-centric QoS scheme reduces complexity of UE implementations
– Always on default EPS beareravailable after initial access
– Further dedicated EPS bearersetup on network request(e.g. for VoIP calls)
– Does not require support from terminal application clients or device operating system
Traffic priority handling
Traffic class
Transfer delayDelivery orderMax SDU size
Delivery of erroneous SDUs
SDU error rate
Residual BER
Guaranteed bit rate
Max. bit rate
ARP
QoSAware
QCI
Guaranteed bit rate
Max. bit rate
ARP
Non-QoSAware
Aggregate max. bit rate (AMBR)
QCI... QoS control identifierARP… Allocation/Retention priority
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 40
05
101520253035404550
GSM EFR GSMAMR
GSMDFCA
WCDMACS voice5.9 kbps
HSPAVoIP/CS12.2 kbps
HSPA CS5.9 kbps
LTE VoIP12.2 kbps
Use
r per
MH
z
Excellent Voice Spectral Efficiency in LTE Evolution from GSM to LTE
15 x more users per MHz with LTE than with GSM EFR!
Performance Overview
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 42
LTE/SAEHSPA Evo
(step2)HSPA Evo
(step1)HSDPA/
HSUPA
I-HSPA (NSN system concept)
Overview of 3GPP Evolution
Rel. 6 Rel. 7 Rel. 8
DL
Theo
retic
al P
eak
Rat
e(u
ncod
ed(C
R=1
) gro
ss b
ite ra
te)
326
UL
Mbps/cell • 64 QAM or MIMO
I-HSPA• Flat architecture• Handover support• Higher # of RNC IDs
• 64 QAM + MIMO
1) HSPA capacity values normalized to 4 carriers (2 * 20MHz in total)
2) Single carrier
LTE values according to Nokia and Nokia Siemens Network simulations for NGMN performance evaluation report V1.3 (macro cell, full buffer, 500m ISD, pedestrian speed)
40 – 60 ms
• 4x4 MIMO• 64 QAM UL
• 2x2 MIMO• 16 QAM UL
25 – 35 ms
~25 ms
2)
DLUL
5,7 11,511,5
42
173
14,4
28
58
84
4x6,5
36
4x2,5
4x6,5
61
4x2
18
4x1,54x2
24
10 – 20 ms
Ave
rage
Cap
acity
1 )
RTT Round Trip Time
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 43
Round Trip Time (RTT: ms)
3GPP Rel. 6 3GPP Rel. 7 3GPP Rel. 8
HSDPA/HSUPA HSPA Evo (step1) HSPA Evo (step2)
• High speed DL/UL
• 16 QAM• HARQ• 10/2 ms TTI
• Direct Tunnel• 64 QAM (exor)• MIMO• Flat architecture• Handover support• Higher # of RNC IDs
• 64 QAM+MIMO• OFDM based • SC-FDMA in UL• Dynamic LA• Flat architecture• IP backhauling
LTE/SAE2x2 MIMO
UL:16 QAM
Performance: Overview of 3GPP Evolution
I-HSPA (Nokia Siemens Networks system concept)
1) Uncoded (CR=1) gross bit rate at air I/F 3) single carrier2) HSPA capacity values normalized to 4 carriers (2 * 20MHz in total), LTE capacity
according to Nokia and Nokia Siemens Network simulations for NGMN performance evaluation report V1.3 (macro cell, full buffer, 500m ISD, pedestrian speed)
Average capacity (Mbps/cell) 2)
DL: 4 * 2.5 UL: 4 * 1.5
40-60
DL: 36UL: 18
10-20
DL: 4 * 6.5 UL: 4 * 2
25-3525
DL: 4 * 6.5 UL: 4 * 2
25-3525
DL: 61UL: 24
10-20
3GPP Rel. 9LTE/SAE
4x4 MIMO (Rel8)UL:16 QAM (Rel8)
• SON enhancements• Emergency Call• Positioning support• Home eNB (Femto)• MBMS (tbd)
Peak data rates (Mbps) 1)
DL: 14.4UL: 5.7
DL: 173 UL: 58 DL: 42
UL: 11.5 DL: 28 UL: 11.5
DL: 326 UL: 84 3)
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 44
VoIP capacity *
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
HSPA R6 LTE FDD
Cal
ls/M
Hz/
Cel
l
DownlinkUplink
* LTE values according to Nokia and Nokia Siemens Network simulations for NGMN performance evaluation report V1.3 (macro cell, full buffer, 500m ISD, pedestrian speed)
** Server near RAN
Comparison of Throughput and LatencyLTE shows excellent performance
Latency (Rountrip delay) **
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
LTE
HSPAevo(Rel 8)
HSPA Rel6
GSM/EDGE
ms
DSL (~20 - 50 ms, depending on operator)
Latency (Rountrip delay) **
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
LTE
HSPAevo(Rel 8)
HSPA Rel6
GSM/EDGE
ms
DSL (~20 - 50 ms, depending on operator)
Average cell throughput (macro cell, 2*20MHz or equivalent) *
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
HSPA R6 HSPAevo Rel8
LTE (2x2/1x2 MIMO)
LTE (4x4/1x4 MIMO)
Mbp
s/ce
ll
DownlinkUplink
4 carriers,each 2x5MHz
1 carrier,2x20MHz
1 carrier,2x20MHz
4 carriers,each 2x5MHz
Max. peak data rate *
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
HSPA R6 HSPAevo(2x2 MIMO/64QAM)
LTE (2x2 MIMO/16QAM)
LTE(4x4 MIMO/64QAM)
Mbp
s
2x5MHz2x5MHz
2x20MHz
2x20MHzDownlink(uncoded)
Uplink(uncoded)
Downlink(coded)
Uplink(coded)
Max. peak data rate *
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
HSPA R6 HSPAevo(2x2 MIMO/64QAM)
LTE (2x2 MIMO/16QAM)
LTE(4x4 MIMO/64QAM)
Mbp
s
2x5MHz2x5MHz
2x20MHz
2x20MHzDownlink(uncoded)
Uplink(uncoded)
Downlink(coded)
Uplink(coded)
Downlink(uncoded)
Uplink(uncoded)
Downlink(coded)
Uplink(coded)
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 45
LTE UE Categories• All categories support 20 MHz, 64QAM downlink and receive antenna
diversity• Categories 2-4 expected in the first phase with bit rates up to 150 Mbps
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5
10/5 Mbps 50/25 Mbps 100/50 Mbps 150/50 Mbps 300/75 MbpsPeak rate DL/UL
20 MHzRF bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz
64QAMModulation DL 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM
16QAMModulation UL 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 16QAM
YesRx diversity Yes YesYes Yes
OptionalMIMO DL 2x2 4x42x2 2x2
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 46
Spectral Efficiency Relative to 10 MHz
0 %
20 %
40 %
60 %
80 %
100 %
120 %
1.4 MHz 3 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz
DownlinkUplink
LTE also efficient with small bandwidth
-40% -13% Reference
• LTE maintains high efficiency with bandwidth down to 3.0 MHz, e.g. for low frequency band refarming scenarios
• The differences between bandwidths come from frequency scheduling gain and different overheads
Spectrum Considerations
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 48
Broadband Upgrade Paths - Option 1: HSPA 2100 & 900 MHz, LTE 1800 & 2600 MHz
Flexi BTS allows for maximum flexibility in broadband upgrade path since choice of WCDMA/I-HSPA/LTE is defined by software download
• Early deployment of 4.2 MHz WCDMA with (I-)HSPA at 900 MHz for coverage to indoor and remote
• Early rollout of LTE in 2600 MHz
• Flexible phased re-farming of GSM 1800 MHz and UMTS 2100 MHz according to capacity needs, terminal penetration etc.
• Some GSM 900 and UMTS 2100 persists for legacy and incoming roaming
2.6 GHz
900 MHz
UMTS
GSM
GSM
WCDMA/(I-)HSPA
1800 MHz
2.1 GHz
WCDMA/(I-)HSPA
LTE
LTE
LTE
LTE
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 49
Broadband Upgrade Paths - Option 2: HSPA 2100 MHz, LTE 2600 & 1800 & 900 MHz
Flexi BTS allows for maximum flexibility in broadband upgrade path since choice of WCDMA/I-HSPA/LTE is defined by software download
• Early rollout of LTE in 2600MHz (new frequency band) for capacity
• Flexible phased re-farming of 900MHz for coverage in small steps 1.4/3/5 MHz and 1800MHz as well as 2100MHz over time
• Some GSM 900 and UMTS 2100 persists for legacy and incoming roaming
2.6 GHz
900 MHz
UMTS
GSM
GSM
WCDMA/(I-)HSPA
1800 MHz
2.1 GHz
LTE
LTE
LTE
LTE
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 50
LTE Frequency Variants in 3GPP*Total [MHz]
Extended AWS
824-849
1710-17851850-19101920-1980
2500-2570
1710-1755
880-9151749.9-1784.9
830-840
Uplink [MHz]
869-894
1805-18801930-19902110-2170
2620-2690
2110-2155
925-9601844.9-1879.9
875-885
Downlink [MHz]
1710-1770 2110-21701427.9-1452.9 1475.9-1500.9
1800
2600900
US AWS
UMTS core – 2100 (DoCoMo)US PCS
US 850Japan 800* not used,
new bands (18,19) in Rel.9
Japan 1700
Japan 1500
704-716 734-746777-787 746-756 US upper 700 MHz (Verizon)
US lower 700 MHz (AT&T)
1900-1920
1930-1990 1930-19901850-1910 1850-19102010-2025 2010-2025
1910-1930 1910-1930
1880-1920 1880-19202570-2620 2570-2620
2300-2400 2300-2400
2x25
2x752x602x60
2x70
2x45
2x352x35
2x10
2x602x25
2x102x10
1x20
1x601x601x15
1x20
1x401x50
1x100
12345
789
6*
1011
13...
17
33
3534
3637383940
1900-1920
FDD
FDDFDDFDD
FDD
FDD
FDDFDD
FDD
FDDFDD
FDDFDDFDD
TDD
TDDTDDTDD
TDD
TDDTDD
TDD
E-UTRA Band
UMTS Core TDD
2600 TDD
China LTE TDD
UMTS Core TDD
China UMTS TDD
US (TDD alternative to FDD)US (TDD alternative to FDD)US
832-862 791-8212x30(20) FDD EU 800 MHz Digital Dividend
* TS 36.101
Products & Solutions Highlights
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 52
smallest macro BTS in this class(50 liter, <50 kg for 3 sectors BTS)Lowest energy consumption(440W for 3 sector BTS) High output power and high performance (3x60 Watt, 3x120 W with 2x2 MIMO, 20 MHz)Flexible in deployment (fits for every site solution)No additional footprint, low installation costs (no lifting equipment)HW commercially available since Q3/2008Upgradable to LTE by SW only (no additional HW boards required
High performance ATCA industry HW platformBased on field proven and highly reliable SGSN SW (99.999 % availability)Combined MME /SGSN
Nokia Siemens Networks’ LTE solution (1)
Flexi MultimodeBTS
MobilityManage-mentEntity(MME)
Traditional macro BTS
Flexi Multimode BTS
335W
2007 Flexi WCDMA BTS2009 Flexi Multiradio BTS2011 target for new release
440WFlexiMultiradio
510 WFlexi
WCDMA
~1.5…2 kW
1st
Gen.3G
BTSs
Based on typical base station site configuration & typical traffic load1+1+1 @ 20W, 50% load
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 53
Nokia Siemens Networks’ LTE solution (2)SAE Gateway
NetAct as Managementsystem
Nokia Siemens Networks flat network architecture experience
High performance ATCA HW platformHigh throughput (up 480 Gbps)Including GGSN functionalitySophisticated traffic managementPolicy control functions
Investment ProtectionLowest OPEX and CAPEXLowest cost per Megabyte
One management system for all technologies and NE (Radio, Core, GSM, WCDMA, LTE,…)Support of Multivendor IntegrationAll O&M applications for element, network, service management Self Organizing Network (SON)
NetActDomain Manager
Network Management
Itf.-N
NetAct
X2 X2
SON SON
SON
SON
SON
Optimizer
DMother
Vendor
NetActDomain Manager
Network Management
Itf.-N
NetAct
X2X2 X2X2
SON SON
SON
SON
SON
Optimizer
DMother
Vendor
Our SGSN is the first one to support direct tunnelI-HSPA supports similar flat
network architecture as LTE
Nokia Siemens Networks’unique LTE solution guarantees
I-HSPA BTS
I-HSPA BTS
SGSN
GGSN
I-HSPA BTS
I-HSPA BTS
SGSN
GGSN
3G 3.5G iHSPA LTE
Cost per Mbyte
3G 3.5G iHSPA LTE
Cost per Mbyte
NetAct
© Nokia Siemens Networks Confidential – commercially not binding 54