Occupational disease

Occupational diseaseConcept Anoccupational diseaseis any chronic ailment that occurs as a result of work or occupational activity. It is an aspect ofoccupational safety and health. An occupational disease is typically identified when it is shown that it is more prevalent in a given body of workers than in the general population, or in other worker populations. Thefirst such disease to be recognized,squamous-cell carcinomaof thescrotum, was identified inchimney sweepboys bySir Percival Pottin 1775. Occupational hazards that are of a traumatic nature (such as falls by roofers) are not considered to be occupational diseases.

Under the law ofworkers' compensationin many jurisdictions, there is a presumption that specific disease are caused by the worker being in the work environment and the burden is on the employer or insurer to show that the disease came about from another cause. Diseases compensated by national workers compensation authorities are often termed occupational diseases. However, many countries do not offer compensations for certain diseases like musculoskeletal disorders caused by work (e.g. in Norway). Therefore the term work-related diseases is utilized to describe diseases of occupational origin. This term however would then include both compensable and non-compensable diseases that have occupational origins.

LIST OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

1.Acute and chronic intoxications with chemical substances and their sequels2.Metallic fever3.Pneumoconioses

1.silicosis2.coal workers pneumoconiosis3.pneumoconiosis associated with tuberculosis4.welders pneumoconiosis5.asbestosis and other pneumoconioses due to silicates6.pneumoconiosis due to talc7.graphite fibrosis8.pneumoconioses due to metal dusts

4.Diseases of pleura or pericardium induced by asbestos dust

1.diffuse thickening of pleura2.diffuse plaques of pleura or pericardium3.pleural exudate

5.Chronic obstructive bronchitis which causes airflow limitation (FEV1 < 60% of predicted value) induced by exposure to dusts and irritant gases, if an excess of TLV was documented within the last 10 years in at least 30% measurements of occupational exposure6.Bronchial asthma7.Extrinsic allergic alveolitis:1.acute or sub-acute form2.chronic form

8.Acute general allergic reactions9.Byssinosis10.Berylliosis11.Lung diseases induced by hard metals dust12.Allergic rhinitis13.Oedematous laryngitis induced by allergy14.Nasal septum perforation induced by irritant and corrosive agents15.Chronic voice disorders due to excessive vocal effort lasting at least 15 years:1.hard vocal nodules2.secondary hypertrophic changes of vocal folds3.paresis of internal muscles of larynx with fusiform insufficiency of glottis and persistent hoarseness

16.Diseases caused by ionizing radiation:

1.acute generalised radiation sickness as a consequence of whole body, or greater part of body, irradiation2.acute radiation sickness of the type of inflammatory or inflammatory-necrotic changes of skin or subcutaneous tissue3.chronic dermatitis due to radiation4.chronic lesion of bone marrow5.cataract due to radiation

17.Malignant neoplasms induced by human carcinogens present in work environment:

1.lung cancer, bronchus cancer2.pleural or peritoneal mesothelioma3.neoplasms of haematopoietic system4.skin cancer5.bladder cancer6.malignant neoplasms of liver7.larynx cancer8.malignant neoplasms of nose and accessory sinuses9.malignant neoplasms for which the probability of induction by radiation is greater than 10%

18.Skin diseases:

1.allergic contact dermatitis2.irritant contact dermatitis3.oil acne, chloroacne, coal tar acne of diffuse nature4.candida infections: hand intertrigo, nail dystrophy with paronychia due to working conditions5.dermatophyte infections due to contact with biological material from animals6.contact urticaria7.occupational photodermatoses

19.Chronic diseases of locomotor system related to the way the job is performed:

1.tendovaginitis2.bursitis3.chronic lesion of meniscus due to the job performed in kneel or squat position4.periarticular inflammation of shoulder joint5.epicondylitis of shoulder bone6.fatigue-induced bone fracture

20.Chronic diseases of peripheral nervous system related to the way the job is performed

1.carpal tunnel syndrome2.groove of ulnar nerve syndrome3.Guyoni tunnel syndrome4.common fibular nerve lesion in persons working in squat position

21.Bilateral permanent noise-induced hearing loss of cochlear or sensoneural type, amounting to at least 45 dB in better ear as a pure tone average for 1, 2 and 3 kHz audiometric frequencies22.Wibration syndrome1.vibratory angioneuropathy2.osteoarticular form3.mixed form: angioneuropathy and osteoarticular disorders

23. Diseases induced by work under increased atmospheric pressure

1.decompression sickness2.barotrauma3.sequels of compressed air breathing

24. Diseases induced by high or low temperature of environment

1.heat stroke and its sequels2.heat exhaustion and its sequels3.frostbites

25. Diseases of visual system induced by physical, chemical or biological agents:

1.allergic conjunctivitis2.acute conjunctivitis induced by ultraviolet radiation3.epidemic viral conjunctivitis or keratitis4.keratopathy induced by irritant agents5.cataract induced by infrared or long-wave ultraviolet radiation6.central retinal and choroidal degeneration induced by short-wave infrared radiation or visible radiation of blue spectrum

26.Infectious and parasitic diseases or their sequels