02 Kalakalude Kalithottil - IT@School€¦ · A[ym]Iklmbn 82 ae-bmfw {]iv\m-`n-ap-Jo-I-cWw $
Transcript of 02 Kalakalude Kalithottil - IT@School€¦ · A[ym]Iklmbn 82 ae-bmfw {]iv\m-`n-ap-Jo-I-cWw $
Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4
77ae-bmfw
Ie-I-fpsS Ifn-sØm-´n¬
sshhn-[y-am¿∂ Ie-IƒsIm≠v kº-∂-amWv tIc-fw. \rØw,
\rXyw, KoXw, hmZyw XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS ]mc-º-cyw-sIm≠v tIcfw CX-
c-tZ-i-ßsf AXn-i-bn-∏n-°p-∂p. Ah-bn¬ ]eXpw C∂v \mtim-∑p-J-
am-Wv. Ie-I-fpsS Bkzm-Z-\hpw ]cn-io-e-\hpw klr-Z-bXzw hf¿Øp-
Ibpw lrZbm-ep-°-fm-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. kmaq-ly-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ CS-
s]-Sp-∂-Xn\pw ]iv\-ßsf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw D≈ sshIm-
cnI k∂≤X hf¿Øm-\p≈ Hcp hgn Iem-kzm-Z-\amWv. ¢m n-°epw
\mtSm-Sn-bp-amb \ΩpsS Iem-]-]-©-sØ-°p-dn®v kmam-\y-amb Ah-
t_m[w P\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw AXp-hgn \ΩpsS kmwkv°m-cn-I-Ø-\n-a-
sb-°p-dn®pw AXns‚ kzX¥ hnIm-k-sØ-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ [mcW hnI-
kn-∏n-°m\pw Cu bqWn-‰nse ]mT- m-K-ß-fn-eqsS Ign-b-Ww. \ΩpsS
\mSns‚ al-Ømb Iem-]m-c-ºcyw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ XpS-°sa∂
coXn-bn¬ Ip©≥ºym-cpsS lnUnw-_-h[w Xp≈-ense `oas‚ Ipkr-
XnIƒ F∂ Ihn-Xm- m-Kw, Hmtcm ]tZ-isØbpw X\-Xmb Iem-cq-]-
ß-fpsS At\z-j-W-Øn-te°p \bn-°m-\p-X-Ip∂ DØ-c-tI-c-f-Ønse
sXøwIe-sb-°p-dn®p ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ ]pd-∏mSv F∂ hnh-c-Ww,
]kn≤ sXøw Iem-Im-c-\mb sImS°mSv IÆ≥s]-cp-h-Æms‚ Nne-
ºn´ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ F∂ Bfl-I-Y-bnse BSn-sØ-ø-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p-≈
`mKw F∂n-h-bmWv Cu bqWn-‰n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ihn-X,
hnh-cWw, Bfl-I-Y, hnhn[ Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ, ]m´p-Iƒ F∂nh hmbn®v
hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂-Xn-eqsSbpw cN-\m-]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw tIc-
f-Øn\v al-Ømb Iem-]m-c-º-cy-ap-s≠∂pw Ah- kwc£n-°-s∏-tS-
≠-Xm-sW∂pw Ip´n-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-b-s´.
2
A[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]Iklmbn
78 ae-bmfw
`oas‚ Ipkr-Xn-Iƒ
Ip©≥ \ºym-cpsS kp]kn-≤-amb lnUnw-_-h[w Xp≈¬°-Y-
bnse Hcp `mK-am-Wn-Xv. lkvXn-\-]p-c-Øn¬ hmgp∂ [rX-cm-jvS-a-lm-
cm-Pm-hn-t\mSv a°-fmb Zptcym-[-\m-Zn-Iƒ ]mfi-h-∑m-cn¬ alm-]-cm-
I-an-bmb `oa-tk-\-s\-°p-dn®v ]cmXn ]d-bp-∂-XmWv Imhy-k-µ¿`w.
""A—\p Rß-fn-ep-s≈mcp I\n-hXp
Xp—-a-Xm-hm-s\-¥-h-Imiw?
Ip¥o-kp-X-cn¬-°q-dp-≠m-hm˛
s\s¥mcp _‘-aXpw tIƒt°-Ww.''
F∂p-]-d-™p-sIm≠v Ip´n- o-as‚ Ipkr-Xn-Iƒ Hmtcm∂mbn hnh-
cn-°p-∂p. Xp≈-ens‚ enJnXkmln-Xy-cq-]-amb Xp≈¬∏m´v ]cn-N-b-
s∏-Sp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Ie-IƒsIm≠v A\p-Kr-lo-X-amb tIc-f-sØ-°p-
dn®pw Ip´n-I-fn¬ Bi-b-cq-]o-I-cWw \S-°p∂ Xc-Øn-emWv ]T-\-]-
h¿Ø-\-߃ Hcp-t°-≠-Xv. H∏w \sΩ Nncn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Nn¥n-∏n-°p-
Ibpw sNøp-∂ \ºym-cpsS Xp≈¬∏m-´p-IfpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ
Is≠Øn hni-I-e\w sNøm\pw Ip´n-Iƒ°p km[n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
Xp≈¬°r-Xn-Ifnse tIc-fob ]cn-k-cw, efn-X- m-j, temtIm-‡n-Iƒ
F∂n-hbpw Cuc-Sn-I-fnse i_vZ`w-Kn, hcn-Iƒ°n-W-ßp∂ ]Z-߃,
Ah-bpsS Xmfw F∂nh Dƒs°m≠v Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ \n¿an-
°p-∂-Xn\pw Cu Ihn-Xm-≤ym-]-\-Øn-eqsS e£y-an-Sp-∂p.
Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4
79ae-bmfw
]iv\ taJe: kmwkv°m-cn-I-Ø-\n-a-sb-°p-dn®pw AXns‚ kzX¥ hnIm-k-sØ-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ [mc-W-bn-√m-bva.
$ tIc-f-Øn\v al-
Ømb Hcp Iem]m-c-
º-cy-ap-≠v.
$ CuWw, Xmfw,
Bibw F∂nh
Dƒs°m-≠v `mhm-fl-
I-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-
°p-tºm-gmWv Ihn-X-
Iƒ Akzm-Zy--
ambnØocp-∂-Xv.
$ hy‡n-I-fpsS cq]w,
`mhw, kz`mhw
F∂nh hkvXp-\n-
jvT-ambn ]d-bp-∂-
XmWv hy‡n-hn-h-c-
Ww.
$ ]cn-Nn-X-amb Iem-cq-
]-ß-fpsS kqN-\-
Iƒ e`n-°p∂
tNmZy-߃ \n¿an-
°p-∂p.
$ NnX-ßfpw kqN-\-
Ifpw Xmc-Xayw
sNbvXv _‘w
Is≠Øn ka¿Yn-
°p-∂p.
$ Xp≈¬∏m´v CuW-
Ønepw Xmf-Ønepw
kwL-ambn ]mSn
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.
$ IhnX hni-I-e\w
sNbvXv NnX-hp-ambn
Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv
]´nI-Iƒ Xbm-dm°n
tImUo-I-cn®v
hy‡n hnh-cWw
Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.
$ h¿°vjo‰v
$ ]Z-kq-cy≥
$ Bem-]\w
$ \ºym-cpsS `oa≥ ˛
]´nI
$ \ºym-cpsS `oa≥ ˛
hnh-cWw
$ hnh-cWw ˛ ]c-
kv]cw tN¿∂p
\n¬°p∂ Bi-
b߃, cq]w,
kz`mhw F∂nh
tZymXn-∏n-°m\pX-
Ip∂ ]Z-߃, hmIy-
߃, ]tbm-K-߃
F∂n-h-bpsS sXc-
s™-Sp-∏v.
Bib-߃ ]In-b-Ifpw
Ign -hp-Ifpw
]I-Sn -X-cq]w hne-bn-cp-ج
$ Xp≈¬°-hnX \sΩ
ckn-∏n-°p-∂-tXm-
sSm∏w Nn¥n-∏n-°p-
Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
$ Ihn-X-bnse Bi-
bw, A¿∞-`w-Kn,
i_vZ-`wKn F∂nh
Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv
Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v
Fgp-Xp-∂-Xv.
$ Ihn-X-bpsS Bi-bw,
Bi-bsØ ]Im-in-
∏n-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn®
hcn-Iƒ, hcn-Iƒ°n-
W-ßnb ]Z-ß-fpsS
sXc-s™-Sp∏v
F∂nh hni-I-e\w
sNbvXpw kam-\-amb
Ihn-X-Iƒ, A\p-`-h-
߃ F∂n-hsb
_‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-bpw
Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn-∏p-
Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.
$ i_vZ-`wKn ˛ N¿®m-
°p-dn∏v
$ ]cn-lm-k-i-c-߃ ˛
h¿°vjo-‰v.
$ Xmc-X-ay-°p-dn∏v
$ Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn-∏v.
$ Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v˛
Ihn-X-bpsS i_vZ-
`wKn, A¿Y-`wKn
F∂nh hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-
´p-≠v.
kam\ Ihn-X-I-fp-
ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn
]d-™n- p-≠v.
kz¥w \nco-£-W-ß-
fp-≠v.
A[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]Iklmbn
80 ae-bmfw
dnthgvkv Iznkv
c≠p-t]¿ A`n-ap-J-ambn Ccn-°p-Ibpw kZ- n-ep-≈-h¿ i≤m-]q¿∆w ho£n-°p-Ibpw
sNøp∂ Hcp Iznkv t]mKm-am-Wn-Xv. Hcp Ip´n Ah-\n-jvS-s∏´ Hcp Iem-cq-]-sØ-°p-dn®v a\-
n¬ hnNm-cn-°-s´.
t\cn´v DØcw e`n-°mØ A©v tNmZy-ß-fn-eqsS e`n-°p∂ DØcw hni-I-e\w sNbvXv
Ip´n a\- n¬ hnNm-cn® Iem-cq-]-Øns‚ t]cv Iznkv \S-Øp-∂-bmƒ ]d-b-Ww. DØcw icn-
bm-sW-¶n¬ ASpØ Ip´nsb hnfn®v a’cw XpS-cp-∂p. DØcw sX‰m-sW-¶n¬ kZ- n\v
DØcw \evIm--\p≈ Ah-k-c-ap-≠m-Ipw.
DØcw icn-b-s√-¶n¬ Ip´n°v as‰mcp Ip´nsb hnfn®v Ifn-Xp-S-cmw. ]c-am-h[n 5 t]¿s°-
¶nepw Dugw e`n-®m¬ a’cw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°mw.
DZm: A[ym-]-I\pw Ip´nbpw A`n-ap-J-ambn thZn-bn¬. ¢mknse a‰p-Ip- n-Iƒ ImWn-I-fmbn
Ccn°p-∂p.
A[ym-]-I≥ : tIc-f-Ønse ]kn-≤-amb Iem-cq-]-amtWm?
Ip´n : AsX
A[ym-]-I≥ : hmZym-]-I-c-W-߃ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dpt≠m?
Ip´n : D≠v.
A[ym-]-I≥ : ]m´v Dt≠m?
Ip´n : D≠v.
A[ym-]-I≥ : FX IYm-]m-X-߃ tÃPn¬ D≠mIpw?
Ip´n : H∂n-e-[nIw
A[ym-]-I≥ : ssIapZIƒ, Nph-Sp-Iƒ F∂nh D]-tbm-Kn-®mtWm IY-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂Xv?
Ip´n : AsX.
A[ym-]-I≥ : Xm¶ƒ hnNm-cn-®Xv tIc-f-Ønse ]kn-≤-amb Iem-cq-]-amb IY-I-fn-bmWv.
CXp-t]mse Ip´n-Iƒ I≠ Iem-cq-]-ß-fpsS A\p- hwh®p-sIm≠v B Ie-sb-°p-dn®v
tNmZy-߃ \n¿an-°m-hp∂ ]h¿Ø-\-߃ \evIp-∂-Xn\v CØcw ]h¿Ø-\-߃ ]tbm-P-
\-s∏-Sp-Ømw. A©p ]h¿Ø\w Ign-™m¬ hnP-bn-bm-Ip∂ Ip´nsb A\p-tam-Zn-°mw.
tamUyqƒ H∂v
Bibw : $ tIc-f-Øn\v al-Ømb Hcp Iem-]m-c-º-cy-ap-≠v.
$ CuWw, Xmfw, Bibw F∂nh Dƒs°m≠v `mhm-fl-I-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-tºm-gmWv Ihn-X-Iƒ AkzmZy-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xv.
$ hy‡n-I-fpsS cq]w, mhw, kz`mhw F∂nh hkvXp-\n-jvT-ambn ]d-bp-∂-XmWvhy‡n hnh-c-Ww.
Icp-tX≠ kma-Kn-Iƒ: $ h¿°vjo-‰p-Iƒ (Iem-kq-N-\-Iƒ, ]cn-lm-k-i-c-߃)
$ hmb-\m-km-aKn (IYm-k-µ¿`w)
]Xo-£nX kabw : $ 6 aWn-°q¿
Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4
81ae-bmfw
Is≠-Ømw, tbmPn-∏n-°mw.
]mT-]p-kvX-I-Ønse t]Pv 29se ""Ie-I-fpsS Ifn-sØm- n¬' F∂ `mKsØ NnX-߃
Ip´n-Iƒ hy‡n-K-X-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-°-s´. XpS¿∂v NnX-ßfpw kqN-\-Ifpw XΩn¬ _‘w
Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn\v Xmsg-s°m-SpØ h¿°vjo‰v \¬Ip-∂p.
Ip´n-Iƒ h¿°vjo‰v hy‡n-K-X-ambn ]qcn-∏n-°p∂p. Adn-bm-hp-∂-h-bpsS t]cv Fgp-Xn-b-
h-bv°p-Itbm A√m-Øh Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-
Itbm sNbvXm¬ aXn. ]qcn-∏n® h¿°pjo-‰p-
I-fp-ambn Kq∏n¬ N¿®bv°p ]s¶-Sp-°-s´. t]c-
dn-bm-Ø-h, kqN-\-I-fn¬ \n∂p Is≠-Øn-b-
h, Is≠-Øm-Øh Ch ]c-kv]cw ]¶p-sh®v
h¿°vjo‰v ]q¿W-am-°m≥ Ah-kcw \evIp-∂p.
Kq∏n¬ \n∂v Hcmƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. a‰p
Kq∏p-Iƒ°v A`n-]mbw ]d-bp-hm\pw hn´p-t]m-
bh Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°m\pw Ah-kcw \evtI-≠-
Xp-≠v. Kq∏-h-X-c-W-Øn-eqsS Nm¿´n¬ Fgp-
Xnb h¿°vjo‰v ]qcn-∏n-°p-∂p.
81ae-bmfw
]T-\-sØ-fnhv ˛ h¿°vjo‰v
hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂Xv Fß-s\-sb-√mw?
$ Kq∏n¬ \n∂v a‰p-≈-h-cpsS \n¿t±-i-߃
A\p-k-cn®v Bh-iy-amb Iq´n-t®¿°-ep-
Iƒ \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.
$ a‰p-Kq-∏p-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ hn´p-
t]m-bh FSpØp ]d-bp∂p/ sX‰p-Iƒ
Nq≠n-°-Wn-°p-∂p.
$ ¢mkn¬ tImUo-I-cn® h¿°vjo-‰n¬
\n∂v Bh-iy-am-bh Iq´n-t®¿Øv Xs‚
h¿°vjo‰v hn]p-eo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.
aW-hm- n-s∏-Æns\ AWn-bn-s®m-cp°nthZn°p \Sp-hn-en-cp-Øp-∂p.
t\ms°Sm \ΩpsS am¿t§-In-S-°p∂a¿°Sm \ob-ßp-am-dn-°n-Sm-»Tm
kvIqƒ Item-’-h-th-Zn-I-fn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-dp-≠v.s]m°-ap≈ Hcp \ne-hn-f°v IØn-®p-h-bv°pw.kvXoIƒ amX-amWv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I. cwK-hn-Xm-\tamXnc-»o-etbm Bh-iy-an-√.
hmZyw, kwKo-Xw, \rØw, A`n-\bw F∂nh H∂n®ptN¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.
BZn-hm-kn-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ D≈ Hcp Iemcq]w
hS-°≥ tIc-f-Øn¬ amX-ap-≈-Xv.
h¿°vjo‰v
A[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]Iklmbn
82 ae-bmfw
]iv\m-`n-ap-Jo-I-cWw
Cu t]Pn\v "Ie-I-fpsS Ifn-sØm- n¬' F∂p t]cp-h-cm≥ Imc-W-sa-¥m-bn-cn°pw? Ie-
I-fpsS Ifn-sØm- n¬ F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv GXn-s\-bmWv?
kzX¥ ]Xn-I-c-W-߃ ªm°vt_m¿Un¬/ Nm¿´n¬ tcJ--s∏-Sp-Ømw.
]Z-kq-cy≥
Iesb Adn-bm≥ Fs¥m-s°-
bmWp am¿§-߃? ¢mkvX-e-Øn¬
N¿®-bn-eqsS ]Z-kq-cy≥ \n¿an-°mw.
]Z-kq-cy≥ ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb tijw ]m´p-I-fn-eqsS Fß-s\-sb√mw Iesb a\- n-em-
°mw F∂ tNmZy-ap-b¿Ømw. GsX√mw Ie-Iƒ°v ]m´p-I-fp-≠v? s]mXp-N¿®bpw enÃnwKpw.
$ H∏\
$ am¿Kw Ifn
$ Xp≈¬
$ IY-Ifn
$
Xp≈¬∏m-´n-te°v (]mTm-h-X-c-Ww)
Ip´n-Iƒ Xp≈¬∏m´v hmbn®v Kq∏p-I-fmbn CuWw, Xmfw, Bibw F∂nh Dƒs°m≠v
`mhm-fl-I-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]mY-anI Ah-X-c-W-Øn-\p-tijw Ah-X-cWw H∂p-IqSn
sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb N¿®-Iƒ Bhmw.
N¿®m-tNm-Zy-߃
$ AhXcn-∏n-®-h-bn¬ G‰hpw A\p-tbm-Py-amb Xmfw GXmWv?
$ Bibw IqSp-X¬ a\- n-em-°p-∂Xv GXp Kq∏ns‚ Ah-X-c-W-Øn¬ \n∂mWv?
$ Ihn-X-sNm-√p-tºmƒ Fs¥-¶nepw t\cn¬-°m-Wp-∂-Xp-t]mse tXm∂p-∂p-t≠m? Ds≠-
¶n¬ F¥v? GXp Kq∏v ]mSn-b-t∏mƒ?
ct≠m aqt∂m Ip´n-Iƒ H∂p-IqSn sa®-s∏-SpØn Be-]n® tijw A[ym-]-I≥ `mhm-fl-
I-ambn ]mSn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. Ip´n-Iƒ°p G‰p-]m-Sp-I-bp-am-hmw.
IY-I-fn -eqsS
sFXn-ly-ß-fn -eqsS
Nph-Sp -I-fn -eqsS
Iem-Im-c-∑m-cn -eqsS
]m´p-I-fn -eqsSIesb
Adn-bm≥
thjßfn-eqsS
Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4
83ae-bmfw
$ Cu Ihn-X-bn-eqsS Ip©≥ \ºym¿
`oas\ \ap°p ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-Ø-cp-
∂Xv Fß-s\-sb-√m-amWv? Ip´n-I-fpsS
kzX- ¥-] -Xn -I -c -W-߃ ªm°v
t_m¿Un¬/ Nm¿´n¬ Bib q]-S-am-Xr-
I-bn¬ AS-bm-f-s∏-SpØmw.
hnhn[ Kq∏p-Iƒ Is≠-Ønb ]bm-k-
ap≈ ]Z-߃, ]tbm-K-߃ F∂nh ¢mkvXe
Nm¿´n¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ømw. XpS¿∂v Hmtcm
Kq∏pw IhnX Bib Kl-W-Øn-\p-X-Ip∂
hn[-Øn¬ H∂mw hcnbpw c≠mw-h-cnbpw
XΩn¬ tN¿Øp hmbn-t°≠ coXn-bn¬ IhnX
hmbn-°s´. AXn-\p-tijw ho≠pw ]bm-k-
ap≈ ]Z-ß-fpsS/ ]tbm-K-ß-fpsS A¿Y-߃
amXw hni-Zo-I-cn°mw. XpS¿∂v IYm-k-µ¿`w
hmb-\m-km-aKn Hmtcm Kq∏n\pw \¬Imw.
s]mÆ-Ø-Sn -b≥
sNºnse tNmdv
apgp -h≥ Xn∂p-∂-h≥
`oa≥
Cub-h-k-c-Øn¬ Ihn-X-bnse `oas\ ]cn-N-
b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ°p≈ ]bm-k-
ßsf Ipdn®v Hcp eLp N¿®-bm-Imw.
Kq∏n¬ ]bm-k-߃ Ipdn-°-s´.
$ GsX√mw ]Z-ß-fpsS A¿Y-amWv ]bm-
k-ambn tXm∂p-∂Xv?
$ hÆ≥hmg-bpsS hf¿®˛ s]mÆ-Ø-Sn-
b≥ Cu c≠p ]tbm-K-߃ XΩn-ep≈
_‘-sa-¥mWv? CXp-t]mse at‰-sX-
¶nepw ]tbm-K-ß-fpsS A¿Yw Xncn-®-dn-
bm-Ø-Xmbn Dt≠m?
$ BZy-h-cn-bn-sebpw c≠mw hcn-bn-sebpw
GsX√mw ]Z-ß-fmWv tN¿Øp hmbn-
t°-≠Xv?
$ IÆ-dn-bmØ ]nXmhv ˛ ChnsS IY-sb-
°p-dn®v IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-߃ Bh-iy-
ambn hcp-∂nt√?
$ `oa-s\-°p-dn®v Ihn-X-bn¬\n∂p e`n-°p-
∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ a‰p hnh-c-߃ Bh-iy-
ant√? (IYbpw IYm-]m-Xhpw Adn-bm-Xn-
cn-°¬)
hmb-\m-km-aKn
alm- m-c-X-Ønse G‰hpw ][m-\-s∏´ Hcp `mK-amWv Iuc-hcpw ]mfi-hcpw XΩn-
ep≈ IY-Iƒ. lkvXn-\-]p-c-Ønse hnNn-X-ho-cys‚ ]pX-∑m-cm-bn-cp∂p [rX-cm-jvScpw
]mfip-hpw. [rX-cm-jvS¿ P∑\m ImgvN-bn√m-Ø-h-\m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ [rX-cm-jvS-a-
lm-cm-Pmhv cmP- -c-W-Im-cy-߃ ]mfip-hn-s\-bmWv G¬]n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. [rX-cm-jvS¿°v
\qdv B¨Ip- n-Ifpw Hcp s]¨Ip- n-bp-amWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Ch¿ Iuc-h-∑m¿ F∂
t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏- p. ]mfip ]pX-∑m-cmWv ]mfi-h-∑m¿. Ah¿ A©p-t]-cmWv D≠m-
bn-cp-∂-Xv. Ah-cn¬ alm-]-cm-I-an-bm-bn-cp-∂p oa-tk-\≥. Ip´n-°m-eØv Iuc-hcpw ]mfi-
hcpw lkvXn-\-]p-cn-bn¬ Ign-™n-cp∂ ka-bØv Iuc-h¿°v ]mfi-h-∑m-tcmSv Akq-
bbpw hntZz-jhpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]mfi-h-∑m-sc√mw i‡n-im-en-Ifpw _p≤n-am-∑m-cp-am-
bn-cp-∂p. Iuc-h-tcmSv sIm®p Ipkr-Xn-Iƒ ImWn-°pI `oa-tk-\s‚ Hcp hnt\m-Z-am-bn-
cp-∂p. `oas‚ i‡nbpw Btcm-Kyhpw I≠v `b-ap≈hcm-bn-cp∂p [rX-cm-jvS-]p-X-∑m-
cmb Zptcym-[-\\pw a‰pw. F∂m¬ [rX-cm-jvS¿°v Iuc-h-∑m-tcmSpw ]mfi-h-∑m-tcmSpw
A°m-eØv hfsc hm’-ey-am-bn-cp-∂p.
A[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]Iklmbn
84 ae-bmfw
\ºym-cpsS `oa≥
hmb-\m-km-a-Knbpw Ihn-Xbpw tN¿Øp
hmbn-®p-sIm≠v ]mT-`m-K-Ønse \ºym-cpsS
`oa≥ F∂ ]´nI hy‡n-K-X-ambn Ip´n-Iƒ
]q¿Øn-bm-°-s´. ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb ]´nI
Kq∏n¬ ]¶p-sh-bv°-s´. Bh-iy-amb Iq´n-
t®¿°-ep-Iƒ, t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ F∂nh D≠m°n
s]mXp Ah-X-c-W-Øn\v Xøm-sd-Sp-°-s´.
s]mXp Ah-X-c-W-Øn-eqsS ¢mkn¬ \ºym-
cpsS `oa≥ ˛ ]´nI cq]-s∏-Sp-∂p. H∏w ]mT-
Ønse oas‚ NnX-Øn\p tbmPn® ]Zy- mKw
Hmtcm Kq∏pw FSpØp sNm√p-Ibpamhmw.
hnh-cWw Xbm-dm-°mw.
C\n "\ºym-cpsS `oa≥' F∂ ]´n-I, Ihn-X, NnXw, hmb-\m-km-aKn F∂nh D]-tbm-
Kn®v `oas\ hnh-cn-s®-gp-X-s´. Ip´n-Iƒ hy‡n-K-X-ambn Xbm-dm°n Kq∏n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n®v
sa®-s∏´ hnh-cWw Is≠-Ø-s´. Ah-X-c-W-Øn\p apºpXs∂ sa®-s∏- Xv Is≠-Ønb
hn[w Hmtcm Kq∏pw ]d-bp-∂p. Kq∏ns‚ sXc-s™-Sp-∏ns‚ ]Inb hni-Z-am-°m-\p-X-Ip∂
N¿®m-tNm-Zy-߃ Bh-iy-m\pk-cWw D∂bn-t°≠nhcp-at√m.
]T-\-sØ-fnhv ˛ \ºym-cpsS `oa≥ (]´n-I)
Fßs\ hne-bn-cpØmw?
$ `oas‚ cq]w, `£-W-°ºw, `oa≥ a‰p-≈-hsc
`b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv F∂o taJ-e-I-fn¬\n∂v
Bh-iy-ambh Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.
$ Kq∏n¬ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS \n¿t±-i-߃ A\p-k-
cn®v Bh-iy-amb Iq´n-t®¿°-ep-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn-
´p-≠v.
$ N¿®-bn¬ Xs‚ hnj-b-Øn-te°v a‰p-≈-h-
cpsS i≤ £Wn-°p-∂p-≠v.
$ sX‰p-Iƒ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p-≠v.
$ Ah-X-cW ka-bØv a‰p Kq∏p-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-
∏n-®-h-bn¬ hn´p-t]m-bh FSpØp ]d-bp-
∂p≠v.
$
Hcn-°¬ [rX-cmjvS alm-cm-Pm-hn-t\mSv a°-fmb Zptcym-[-\\pw a‰pw ]mfi-h-∑m-
cn¬ alm-]-cm-I-an-bmb `oa-tk-\-s\-°p-dn®v ]cmXn]d-bp-∂-XmWv Cu Ihn-Xm- mKw
""A—\p Rß-fn-ep-s≈mcp I\n-hXp
Xp—-a-Xm-hm-s\-¥-h-Imiw?
Ip¥o-kp-Xcn¬°qdp-≠m-hm˛
s\s¥mcp _‘-aXpw tIƒt°Ww?''
F∂p ]d-™p-sIm≠v Ip´n- o-as‚ Ipkr-Xn-Iƒ Hmtcm-∂mbn hnh-cn-°p-∂p.
$ \s√mcp hnh-c-W-Øn\v Fs¥√mw KpW-߃ D≠m-bn-
cn°pw?
$ "Hcp sh≈-s∏m-°-Øns‚ Hm¿Ω' F∂ ]mT-Øn¬ a‰p-≈-
h-cpsS hnh-cWw \n߃ ]cn-tim-[n®v A`n-]mbw ]d-™-
sX-ßs\?
$ `oa-tk-\s\ t\cn¬°m-Wp-∂-Xp-t]mse tXm∂n-∏n-°p-amdv
D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ hmIy-am-Xr-I-Iƒ ]tXyIw FSpØp
]d-bmtam?
Ah-X-c-W-Øn\p tijw So®¿ th¿j≥ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.
Ip´n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS hnh-cWw sa®-s∏-SpØn FgpXn Ah-X-cn-
∏n-°-s´.
Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4
85ae-bmfw
Xmf-an´p ]mSmw.
]mT-]p-kvX-I-Ønse t]Pv 33 se Xmf-an- p-]mSmw Ip´n-Iƒ kwL-ambn ]mSn Ah-X-cn-∏n-
°-s´. am¿KwIfn, H∏-\, Z^v, Xncp-hm-Xnc XpS-ßnb Iem-cq--]-ß-fpsS ]m´p-Iƒ tiJ-cn®v
Xmf-an- p-]mSn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°-Ww.
thj-hn-[m\w
]mT-]p-kvX-I-Ønse t]Pv 31 se ioX-¶≥ Xp≈-ens‚ thj-hn-[m\w Aev]- mKw Nm¿´n¬
FgpXn ¢mkn¬ ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p. Ip´n-Iƒ C\nbpw th≠ Iq´n-t®¿°-ep-Iƒ hmIy-ß-
fmbn \n¿t±-in-°-s´. At∏mƒ Bi-b-Øns‚
XpS¿®-In- -Ø-°-hn[w Ah Nm¿´n¬ Dƒs∏-
SpØmw.
Cu thjsØ hnh-cn-s®-gp-Xm≥ C\n
Fs¥ms° Iq´n-t®¿t°-≠-Xp≠v? Ip´n-Iƒ
NnXw t\m°n \n¿t±-in-°-s´. s]mXp-N¿®-bn-
eqsS FUn‰v sNbvXv Iq´n-t®¿Øv Nm¿´n¬ FgpXnhbv°mw.
$ sh≈-ØpWn \of-Øn¬ Xp∂n-t®¿Øp sRmdn-™p-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.
$ Imep-Iƒ Nen-∏n-°p-∂p.
$ ssI apZ-Iƒ Im´p-∂p.
$ Imen¬ I®-aWn AWn-™n- p-≠v.
$
XpS¿∂v t]Pv 33 se Ad-_-\-ap´v F∂ Iem-
cq-]-Øns‚ D]-I-cWw thj-hn-[m\w XpS-ßnbh
Ip´n-Iƒ hnh-cn-s®-gpXn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°s´.
thj-°m-c≥ a™s∏m-Sn-sIm≠v apJw
an\p°nbn´p-≠m-hpw. IÆpw ]pcn-Ihpw
hmen-s´-gp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Np≠n¬ Nmbw
tX®n-cn-°p-∂p. Ipcp-tØm-e-sIm-≠p≈ B`-
c-W-߃ AWn-™n-´p-≠v. ....................................
...........................................................................................
...........................................................................................
...........................................................................................
...........................................................................................
A[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]Iklmbn
86 ae-bmfw
kn.Un ]Z¿i\w/ Xp≈¬ Ah-X-cWw
Xp≈-ens‚ kn.Un ¢m nse Ip´n-Iƒ°mbn ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-I. hnZym-e-b-ß-fn¬ kwL-Sn-
∏n-°p∂ Hm´≥Xp-≈¬, kao-]-Øp≈ D¬kh-߃, ¢_p-I-fpsS hm¿jn-I-߃ F∂n-h-tbm-
S-\p-_-‘n-®p≈ Xp≈¬ ]Z¿i\w Ch Ds≠-¶n¬ ]tXyIw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ømhp∂-XmWv.
kn.Un ]Z¿i-\-Øn\p tijw hni-I-e\ tNmZy-ß-fm-Imw.
Cu Iem-cq]w \n߃°n-jvS-amtbm?
Cu Ie-bpsS GXp ]tXy-I-X-bmWv \nßsf G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ BI¿jn--®Xv?
Xp≈¬°m-c≥ ImWn-Isf Nq≠n-°m´n ]mSn A`n-\-bn-°p-∂Xv \nßsf Cu Ie-tbmSv
IqSp-X¬ ASp-∏n-°p-∂pt≠m?
Ipdn-°p-sIm-≈p∂ Fs¥ms° ]cn-lm-k-߃ CXn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂p?
Xp≈¬°-hn-X-bpsS ][m-\-s∏´ ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?
i_vZ-`wKn Is≠-ج
Sn._n-bn¬ \¬Inb i_vZ- wKn Is≠-Øm-\p≈ `mK-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ hy‡n-K-X-ambn ]cn-
tim-[n-°-p∂p. hcn-I-fn¬ Bh¿Øn®p hcp∂ A£-c-߃ Is≠-Øp-∂p. CXv Xp≈¬°-hn-
X-bpsS i_vZ- w-Knsb FX-amXw klm-bn-°p-∂p-sh∂v Kq∏n¬ N¿® sNøp-∂p. Kq∏n¬
]T\w \S-°p-∂-Xn\v Bh-iy-amb Nne tNmZy-߃ Nm¿´n¬ FgpXn ]Z¿in-∏n-°mw.
Bi-b-Øn\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb hcn-Iƒ Xs∂-bmtWm?
hcn-Iƒ°nW-ßp∂ ]Z-߃ Xs∂-bmtWm?
""D≈-Øn¬ b-ta-dp-I-aqew sh≈-Øn¬ Nne¿ NmSn-sbm-
fn®p'' ˛ Cu hcn-I-fn¬ D≈-Øn¬ F∂ ]Z-Øn-\p-]-
Icw as‰-s¥-¶n-ep-am-bm¬ AXv Xp≈¬∏m´ns‚
`wKnsb Fß-s\-bmWv _m[n°pI?
XpS¿∂v KW-]Xn∏mX¬ F∂ Xp≈¬∏m´v (hmb-\m-
km-a-Kn) Kq∏n\v \¬Ip-∂p.
KW-]Xn ]mX¬
Ip©≥ \ºymcpsS Xp≈¬I-
Y-bnse Hcp `mK-am-Wn-Xv. alm-
[-\n-I\pw Al-¶m-cn-bp-amb
Ipt_-c≥ Hcp Znhkw
KW]Xn°v hbdp \ndsb
DuWp-sIm-Sp-°m≥ BK-ln®v
Xs‚ sIm´m-c-Øn-te°v £Wn-
®p. hni-∏p-am-dn Hcp t\cw
]mhw \nd-®p-Æs´ F∂p hnNm-
cn-®mWv Ipt_-c≥ Cu
kmlkw sNbvX-Xv. B Al-
¶m-c-Øn\v Ip´n-s°m-º≥
]Icw ho´nb IY-bm-Wn-Xv.
tamUyqƒ c≠v
Bibw : $ Xp≈¬°-hnX \sΩ ckn-∏n-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Nn¥n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
$ Ihn-X-bnse Bi-bw, A¿∞-`w-Kn, i_vZ-`wKn F∂nh Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bmWvBkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v Fgp-Xp-∂-Xv.
Icp-tX≠ kma-Kn-Iƒ: $ \ºymcpw Xp≈¬∏m´pw (hmb-\m-km-a-Kn)
$ KW-]Xn ∏mX¬ (Xp≈¬∏m-´v)
$ kn.Un Iƒ˛ Hm´≥Xp-≈¬, hnhn[ Iem-cq-]-߃
$ kzbw hne-bn-cp-ج Sqfp-Iƒ.
]Xo-£nX kabw : $ 6 aWn°q¿
Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4
87ae-bmfw
hmb-\m-km-aKn
KW-]-Xn-∏mX¬
Ce-bpsSbcnsI ]e-I-bp-an´p
hen-sbmcp KW-\m-Y-s\-bp-an-cpØn
\s√mcp tNmdpw IZ-fo-Kp-fhpw
\dp-s\-øo-h-I-sbms° hnf-ºn.
AsºmSp KWn-]Xn X∂p-sS-a-Sn-bn¬
Ipº-sbm-Xp-°o-´qWp XpSßn
QSnXn hnf-ºn\ hn`-h-a-sX√mw
QS QS-s\∂artXØp Ign-®p.
tImcnI sh®-h¿ h´n-sb-SpØm
t®mdp-Iƒ sIm≠p hnfºp XpSßn
N -a-sXm∂p ]I¿∂Xp I≠-h¿
h´-f-amip Ncn®p hnf-ºn.
Xpºn-°-chpw s]m°n-∏-cn-sNmSp
hº≥hmb ]nf¿∂phimbn!
tNmd-sXm-Spßn Idn-b-sXm-Spßn
hoc≥ [\-]-Xn-sbm∂p \Sp-ßn.
shs®mcp tNmdpw Idn-I-fp-sa√mw
sIm‰p KtW-i≥ sIm‰p Ign®p
Ipe-b-sX-SpØp IpS™p ]g-߃
Ipe-bpsS IqsS-b-sXm-s°-sbm-Sp-ßn.
]®-°mbpw ]∏-Shpw ]e
]®-t°m-∏p-I-sfm-s°-sbm-Sp-ßn
ssXc-sXm-Spßn tamc-sXm-Sp-ßn
sskzcw Ipw -hpsams°-Øo¿∂p.
D∏pw apfIpw N∏pw Nn∏pw
£n]w KW-]-Xn-b-∏Sn Xn∂p.
A[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]Iklmbn
88 ae-bmfw
hmb-\m-km-aKn
Ip©≥ \ºymcpw Xp≈¬∏m´pw
\ºym¿ Ah-X-cn-∏n® Xp≈-ens‚ D¤-hsØ∏‰n ]kn-≤-amb Hcp IY-
bp-≠v. Aºe-∏pg t£XØn¬ D’-h-Øn\v IqØp \S-Øp∂ ]Xn-hp-
≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]s≠ms° IqØp \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂Xp NmIym≥amcm-bn-cp-
∂p. IqØn\p AI-º-Sn-bmbn angmhp sIm´n-bn-cp-∂Xv \ºym¿amcpw.
Hcn-°¬ Aº-e-∏pg t£X-Øn¬ NmIym¿IqØp \S-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
IqØn\p angmhp sIm´n-s°m-≠n-cp∂ Ip©≥ \ºym¿ CSbv°v Aev]-
sam-∂p-d-ßn-t∏m-bn. kztX ]cn-lm-k-N-Xp-c-\mb NmIym¿, \ºymsc IW-
°‰p ]cnlkn-®p. A]-am-\n-X-\mb \ºym¿ NmIym-tcmSp ]Icw ho´m≥
\n›-bn-®p. ]nt‰-Zn-hkw NmIym¿IqØp XpS-ßnb ka-bØp \ºym¿
AXn-\-S-Øp-Xs∂ ]pXn-sbmcp thj-hn-[m-\-tØm-Sp-IqSn ck-I-c-am-sbmcp
Iem-hn-cp-s∂m-cp-°n.
""\m´n¬ ]`p-°sf I≠m-e-dn-bmØ
Im´n¬°n-S-°p∂ aqfn-°p-cßp \o''
F∂pw a‰pw ]mSn-Øp-≈p∂ \ºym-cpsS ]pXnb Ifn-Im-Wm≥ NmIym-
cpsS ap∂n-en-cp∂ ImWn-Iƒ HmSn-°q-Sn. Xs‚ Iem-]-I-S-\-Øn\p ImgvN-
°m-cn-√msX NmIym¿ Cfn-`y-\m-bn-t∏m-bn. ]m©m-en-bpsS BKl-a-\p-
k-cn®v oa-tk-\≥ Ieym-W-ku-K-‘nIw tXSn-t∏mb IY-bmWp \ºym¿
]mSn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv. Cu IY ]n∂oSv Ieym-WkuK‘nIw Xp≈¬
F∂ t]cn¬ ]kn-≤-am-bn. CXn\p ]pdta kya-¥-Iw, IncmXw, k`m-]-
thiw, tLmj-bmX XpS-ßnb [mcmfw Xp≈¬∏m- p-Iƒ At±lw Fgp-
Xn-bn-´p-≠v.
]d-b≥, ioX-¶≥,- Hm- ≥ F∂n-ßs\ Xp≈¬ aq∂p--hn-[-ap-≠v. ]Xn-™-
a- n¬ ]mSn A`n-\-bn-°p-∂-XmWv ]d-b≥Xp-≈¬. Iptd-°qSn apdp-Inb
Xmf-Øn-emWv ioX-¶≥ Xp≈¬ \S-Øp-∂-Xv. IqSp-X¬ thK-Øn¬ ]mSn
A`n-\-bn-°p-∂Xv Hm´≥ Xp≈-emWv Gsd ]Nm-c-Øn-ep-≈-Xv.
Ip©≥ \ºymcpsS Xp≈¬∏m´pIƒ F√m-h-tcbpw Hcpt]mse ckn-∏n-
°p-∂-h-bm-Wv. Bfp-I-fpsS [\-tam-lw, s]mß-®w, `ocp-Xzw,- A-e-kX,
kzm¿∞-X, aZy-]m\w XpS-ßnb Zp¿Kp-W-ßsf At±lw Xs‚ Xp≈¬∏m-
´p-I-fn-eqsS ]cn-l-kn-®n-´p-≠v.
Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4
89ae-bmfw
Ihn-X-bnse CjvS-h-cn-Iƒ
KW-]-Xn-]m-X¬ F∂ Ihn-X-bnse CjvS-s∏´ hcn-Iƒ Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw FSpØp ]dbs´.
""Ipe-b-sX-SpØp IpS™p ]g-߃
Ipe-bpsS IqsS-b-sXms°sbmSpßn''
Cu hcn-I-fn¬ A£-c-ßfpw ]Z-ßfpw Bh¿Øn®p hcp-∂Xv I≠nt√. CØ-c-Øn¬
Ihn-Xm- m-KØv Bh¿Øn®p hcp∂ A£-c-ßfpw ]Z-ßfpw FSpØp ]d-b-s´.
Xmc-Xayw sNømw
`oas‚ Ipkr-Xn-Iƒ, KW-]-Xn-]m-X¬ F∂nh Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv c≠nepw s]mXp-hmbn
ImWp∂ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Hmtcm Kq∏pw Is≠Ø-s´.
$ i_vZ`wKn
$ Bi-bkmayX
$ cq]-h¿W\
$
]cn-lm-k-i-c-߃
\ºym-cpsS IrXn-I-fn¬ \sΩ Nncn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Nn¥n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Fs¥√mw
khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Is≠Ømw? t]Pv 88 ¬ \¬Inbncn-°p∂ hmb-\m-km-aKn IqSn hmbn®v
Ip´n-Iƒ kzX-¥-ambn ]Xn-I-cn-°s´.
]´n-I-]q-cn-∏n-°¬
Sn._n bnse ]cn-lmkic-߃ ]´nI hy‡n-K-X-ambn ]qcn-∏n®v Kq∏n¬ N¿® sNø-s´.
Bh-iy-amb Iq´n-t®¿°-ep-Iƒ, Bi-b-hy-‡X F∂nh D≠m°n Kq∏v s]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-
cn-∏n-°p-∂p. XpS¿∂v ¢mkn¬ s]mXp-hmbn ]cn-lm-k-i-c-߃ Nm¿´v cq]-s∏-Sp∂p.
Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v
`oas‚ Ipkr-Xn-Iƒ F∂ Xp≈¬∏m´v \sΩ Nncn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Nn¥n-∏n-°pIbpw sNøp-
∂pt≠m? Ihn-X-sb-°p-dn®v Ip´n-Iƒ Hcp Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°-s´. Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-
tºmƒ ]T-\-]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Ip´n-Iƒ t\csØ Xbm-dm-°nb Dev]-∂-߃ D]-tbm-
Kn-°p-∂p≠v F∂v Dd∏p hcp-Øp-a-t√m.
$ \ºym-cpsS `oa≥ ˛ hnh-c-Ww, ]´nI,
$ Ip©≥ \ºymcpw Xp≈¬∏m´pw ˛ hmb-\m-km-a-Kn.
$ ]cn-lm-k-i-c-߃ ˛ ]´nI
$ i_vZ- wKn Is≠-Ønb N¿®m-°p-dn∏v.
$
A[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]Iklmbn
90 ae-bmfw
hy‡n-K-X-ambn Xbm-dm-°nb Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v Kq∏n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n®v sa®-s∏- Xv Is≠-
Øp-∂p. sa®s∏- Xv Is≠-Ønb ]Inb tNmZy-ß-fn-eqsS hni-Z-am-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
A£-cm-h¿Ø-\w, i_vZ- wKn F∂o khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ IqSp-X¬ hni-Z-am°n Ah-X-cn-
∏n®Xv BcpsS cN-\-bn-emWv?
`oa-s\ Ihn h¿Wn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xns\°pdn®v kz¥w A`n-]mbw BcpsS cN-\-bn-emWv
hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv?
io¿j-Ihpw Ihn-Xbpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w kqNn-∏n-®n- pt≠m?
]cn-lm-k-i-c-߃ F∂ ]´n-I, KW-]Xn ]mX¬ F∂ IhnX Ch-bnse khn-ti-j-X-
Iƒ _‘-s∏-SpØn ]d-™n- pt≠m?
tNmZy-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p-≈- N¿®
Ign -™m¬ -H∂pIqSn cN\
]p\:∏cntim-[n-°m-\p≈ Ah-kcw
Kq∏p-Iƒ°p \evImw. XpS¿∂v
Ah-X-c-W-Øn-\p-tijw Ip´n-Iƒ
kqN-I-߃h®v kvtIm¿ \evIn
A`n - ]mbw ]d -b -s´. So®¿
th¿j≥ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xn-\p-tijw
Ip´n-Iƒ cN-\-Iƒ sa®-s∏-SpØn
Fgp-Xp-∂p.
Ad_\-ap´v
ap…oß-fpsS CS-bn¬ ]Nm-c-ap≈ Hcp Iem-cq-]-amWv Ad-_-\-ap- v. Ad_\ F∂
hmtZym-]-I-cWw ssIsIm≠v ap´n-bmWv Ifn-°p-∂-Xv. Xmf-]-tbm--K-Øn-\mWv Ad-_\
D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. ac-®´ sIm≠mWv Ad-_\ \n¿an-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ac-®- bv°v H∂c
NmsW-¶nepw hnkvXm-c-ap-≠m-I-Ww. A©v Ct©mfw hoXnbpw ImWpw. tXmep-sIm-≠mWv
ac-®- -s]m-Xn-bp-∂-Xv. B´n≥tXmtem aqcn-°p- s‚ tXmtem CXn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. ]nØ-
f-hmdv sIm≠v Inep-°-ßfpw sI´pw.
ss_Øns‚ CuW-Øn\v A\p-k-cn®v CS-tØm´pw he-tØm´pw Nm™v sIm≠m-Wv
Ifn-°p-∂-Xv. ]Xn™ Ne-\-ß-tfmsS XpSßn ItaW thKX IqSpw. Ifn°m¿ ssIØ≠,
aq°v tXmƒ, XpS-ßnb ico-c-`m-K-ß-fn¬ ap´nbpw X´nbpw i_vZ-ap-≠m-Ipw. Bim≥
ss_Øp sNm√n-s°m-Sp-°p-∂Xv Ifn-°m¿ G‰p-]m-Spw.
]T-\-sØ-fnhv ˛ Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v
Dev]-∂tØmsSm∏w ]T-\-]-Inb hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\v
Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ kqN-I-߃ h®v A[ym-]-I\v \nco-£n-
°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
$ t\csØ \n¿an® ]T\ Dev]-∂-߃ d^¿ sNøp-
∂p-≠v.
$ sa®-s∏-´Xv Is≠-Ønb hn[w hn-i-Z-am-°p∂p≠v.
$ So®¿ th¿j-\n¬ \n∂v A\p-tbm-Py-amb Bibw,
\nco-£-W߃ F∂nh kzoI--cn-®n-´p-≠v.
$ Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn-∏ns‚ kzbw hne-bn-cp-ج hkvXp-
\n-jvT-ambn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.
Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4
91ae-bmfw
bqWn‰v BapJ t]Pnse NnX-߃
]pen -°fn
sXøw
tamln-\n -bm´w
IY-Ifn
am∂m≥ IqØv
]d-b≥ ]qXw
H∏\
Xp≈¬
A[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]Iklmbn
92 ae-bmfw
\º¿ kqN-I-߃ ]q¿Æ-ambn `mKn-I-ambn
1 BI¿j-I-amb XpS°w,
XpS¿® Ah-km\w
F∂n-h-bp-≠v.
2 ssZ¿Lyw IqSnb hmIy-
ß-fnepw eLp-hm-Iy-ß-
fnepw Fgp-Xm≥ Ign-bp-
∂p-≠v.
3 hyXykvX ]Z-߃,
hnti-j-W-߃, ]tbm-
K-߃ F∂nh D]-tbm-
Kn-®n-´p-≠v.
4 Bibw a\- n-em-Ip-∂p-
s≠∂v a‰p-≈-h¿ ]Xn-
I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.
kzbw hne-bn-cp-ج ˛ Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v
Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4
93ae-bmfw
a∂m≥ IqØv
a∂m-∑m-cpsS CS-bn¬ ]Nm-c-ap≈ A\p-jvTm\ Iem-cq-]-amWv a∂m≥Iq-Øv. CSp°n Pn√-
bnse h\-ta-J-e-bn¬ Pohn-°p∂ BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-amWv a∂m≥. a∂m≥ IqØn\v ""Imem-
hq´v'' F∂ t]cp-≠v. hnf-sh-Sp-∏p-ambn _‘-ap≈ Hcp Iem-cq-]-am-Wn-Xv. tImhn-es‚bpw
IÆ-In-bp-sSbpw IY-bmWv CXnse ]ta-bw.
]pen-Ifn
arK-ß-fpsS \ndw ]qinbpw cq]-߃ AWn™pw sIm≠p≈ Ifn ]e cmPy-ß-fnepw
]Nm-c-Øn-ep-≠v. \mbm´v \S-Øn-bn-cp∂ BZna a\p-jys‚ hnt\m-Z-am-bn- p-thWw CXns\
ImWm≥, a≤y-tI-c-f-Øn¬ ]pen-°-fn-sb∂pw sX°≥ Pn√-I-fn¬ ISp-h-Ifn F∂pw t]cn-
ep≈ Iem-cq-]-߃ CØ-c-Øn-ep-≈-h-bmWv. Xriq-cn¬ HmW-°m-eØmWv ]pen-°fn Ah-
X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
the-Ifn
a≤y Xncp-hnXmwIqdnse A\p-jvTm\]c-amb Btbm-[-\-I-e-bmWv the-I-fn. Aº-e-∏pg
AYhm sNº-I-t»-cn-bn-emWv the-Ifn cq]w sIm≠Xv F∂p hniz-kn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. alm-
`m-cX bp≤-Øn-s‚tbm tZhm-kp-cbp≤-Øn-s‚tbm k¶-ev]-amWv CXns‚ ]n∂n-se-∂mWv
hniz-kw. Aº-Xn-tesd Bfp-Iƒ ]s¶-Sp-°pw. Ifn-kLw ]cn-Nbpw Npcn-Ibpw G¥n Ac-
bn¬ I®tbm ]´tbm [cn-®n-cn-°pw. IsÆ-gpXn Nµ-\-°p-dnbpw sXmSpw.
]qX\pw Xndbpw
]me-°mSpw Np‰nepw ]Nm-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp Iem-cq-]w.
A[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]Iklmbn
94 ae-bmfw
]pd-∏mSv
tIc-f-Ønse \mS≥I-e-I-fn¬ ]ap-J-amsbmcp ÿm\w DØ-c-tI-
c-f-Ønse sXø-߃°p≠v. sshc-Pm-X≥ sXø-Øns‚ hnh-c-Ww,
sImS°m v IÆ≥ s]cp-h-Æms‚ Nne-ºn´ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ F∂ BflIYm
`mK-w ]S-b-Wn-∏m- nse Nne-h-cn-Iƒ, apSn-tb-‰ns\°pdn-®p≈ Ipdn-∏v,
\mS≥ Ie-I-fpsS NnX-߃ F∂nhbmWv Cu bqWn-‰n¬ Hcp-°nb
hn -h-߃. Hmtcm ]tZ-iØpw X\-Xmb Iem-cq-]-ß-fp≠v F∂ Bi-
b-cq-]o-I-cWw \S-°p-∂-Xn-\-\p-tbm-Py-amb hn[-Øn-emWv ]T\
]h¿Ø-\-߃ hn\-y-kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
\mS≥I-e-I-fpsS kn.-Un-Iƒ, hnh-c-Ww, Npa¿ ]XnI F∂nh ]cn-
tim-[n®v ]mtZ-inI sshhn[yw Dƒs°m≠v N¿®-sN-øm\pw Bfl-I-
Ym- mKw hmbn®v ]mtZ-inI Pohn-X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏- -hbmWv \mS≥
Ie-Iƒ F∂p Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw Ip´n-Iƒ°p Ign-bWw. CXn¬ \evInb
Npa¿ ]XnI hni-I-e\w sNøm\pw Xs‚ ]tZ-isØ \mS≥I-em-cq-
]-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ NnX-߃, hm¿Ø-Iƒ, teJ-\- m-K-߃, Ihn-
Xm-i-I-e-߃ F∂nh ]cn-tim-[n®v BI¿j-Wo-b-amb coXn-bn¬ Npa¿
]XnI Xbm-dm-°m\pw Ip´n-Iƒ°p Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°-Ww.
Xs‚ ]tZ-isØ \mS≥I-e-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ IY-Iƒ Adn-bm\pw
At\-z-jn-°m\pw t]cW \evIp-∂-Xn\v CXn¬ \¬Inb sXøw IY-
Iƒ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. AtXm-sSm∏w hnhn[ Bfl-I-Y-mcq-]-߃
]cn-tim-[n®v kzm\p- -h-ßsf Bfl-I-Y-mcq-]-Øn¬ Bhn-jv°-cn-°m-
\p≈ tijn hf¿Øm\pw Cu ]mT-Øn-eqsS e£-y-an-Sp-∂p≠v.
94 ae-bmfw
Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4
95ae-bmfw
]iv\ taJe: kmwkv°m-cn-I-Ø-\n-a-sb-°p-dn®pw AXns‚ kzX¥hnIm-k-sØ-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ [mc-W-bn-√m-bva.
$ ]Zß-fpsS ]´nI
$ hmI-y-ß-fpS enÃv
$ imh-y-hm-b\
$ hnh-cWw
imhy hmb\
$ `mhw kv^pcn-°p∂
hn[w th≠-\n¿Ø-
ep-Iƒ, Db¿®
XmgvN-Iƒ D≠v.
$ ]Z-߃ tN¿Øp
hmbn-°p-∂p.
$ Nn”-ß-fpsS kqN-\-
Iƒ°-\p-k-cn®v
hmbn-°p-∂p.
hnh-cWw
$ NSp-eX \evIp∂
hmI-y-]-tbm-K-߃.
]I-Sn -X-cq]w hne-bn-cp-ج
$ IY
$ ]m´v
$ Npa¿ ]Xw
$ Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ
Npa¿ ]Xw
$ BI¿j-I-amb
te- -Hu´v
$ D≈-S° kar-≤-amWv
$ hmb\m IuXpIw
D≠m-°p-∂p.
$ Hmtcm ]tZ-iØpw
X\-Xmb Iem-cq-]-
ß-fp-≠v.
$ hnh-c-W-Øn-eqsS
kw -h-ß-sfbpw
Zriy-ß-sfbpw t\cn-
°m-Wp-∂-t]mse
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥
Ign-bp-∂p. X’-abw
\S-°p∂ Imc-y-߃
t]mse tXm∂n-
∏n°p∂ hmI-y-߃
Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-tºm-
gmWv hnh-c-W-Øn\v
NSp-eX h¿≤n-°p-
∂Xv.
$ \mS≥ Ie-I -fpsS
hnh-cW `mK-߃
hmbn®p kn.-Un-Iƒ
I≠pw sImfm-jp-Iƒ
]cn-tim-[n®pw ]mtZ-
inI sshhn-[yw N¿®-
sN-øp -Ibpw Xs‚
]tZ-isØ \mS≥
Iem-cq-]-ß-fpsS hnh-
cWw Xbm -dm -°p -
Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
Bib-߃]In-b-Ifpw
Ign -hp-Ifpw
$ ]mtZ-inI Iem-cq-]-
ß-fpsS DZv`-hw,
NcnXw F∂nh
]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂
]m´p-Iƒ, IY-Iƒ,
sFXn-l-y-߃
F∂nh \ne-hn-ep-≠v.
$ At\-z-jn®v Is≠-
Øn-bXpw tiJ-cn-®-
Xp-amb hnh-c-
ßsfbpw hyh-lmc
cq]-ß-sfbpw
BI¿j-I-amb coXn-
bn¬ Iao-I-cn®v
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-
\p≈ Hcp am¿K-
amWv Nph¿]XnI
$ hnhn[ Npa¿]Xn-I-
Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n®v
D≈-S-°w, BI¿j-
Wo-bX F∂nh
hni-I-e\w sNbvXv
At\zjn®p Is≠-
Øn-bXpw tiJ-cn-®-
Xp-amb hnh-c-
ßsfbpw hyh--lm-c-
cq-]-ß-sfbpw
BI¿j-I-amb coXn-
bn¬ Iao-I-cn®v
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.
$ Bfl-I-Y $ Bfl-I-Y
$ Ah-X-cW ssien
BI¿j-I-am-Wv.
$ a\- n¬ X´p∂
A\p-`-h-ß-fn-eq∂n
\n∂p sIm≠v Xbm-
dm-°n.
$ `mjm-]-c-amb anIhv
$ ]mtZ-inI Pohn-X-hp-
ambn _‘-s∏-´-h-
bmWv \mS≥I-e-Iƒ.
$ kz¥w Pohn-X-
Ønse A\p-`-h-߃
a‰p-≈-h¿°p ckw
]I¿∂p hn⁄m\
]Z-amb coXn-bn¬
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv
Bfl-I-Y-bpsS
]tX-y-I-X-bmWv
$ hy-X-ykvXßfmb
Bfl-IYm `mK-߃
hmbn®v Ah-X-c-W -
ssi-en-bnse sshhn-
[yw, `mj, B\p-Im-
enI Pohn-X-ß-fpsS
]Xn-^-e\w F∂nh
hni-I-e\w sNbvXp
Bfl-I-Y-\ß-fpsS
Dd-hn-S-߃ Is≠-
Øp-I-bpw Bfl-I-Y-
Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p-
Ibpw sNøp∂p.
A[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]Iklmbn
96 ae-bmfw
\mSns‚ kz¥w (TB)
tIc-f-Øns‚ Iem-cq]߃ sImfmjv Bbn NnXo-I-cn-®Xv ¢m n¬ ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.
(I-Y-I-fn, Xp≈¬, tamln-\n-bm- w, am¿§wIfn, H∏\ XpS-ßnbhpsS NnX-߃, Iesb kw_-
‘n-®p≈ ]m´p-Iƒ, tIc-f-I-em-a-fi-e-Øns‚ NnXw F∂n-h tIcfØns‚ Iem q]S amXr-
I-bn¬ Xøm-dm-°n-b-Xv).
tIc-f-Øn¬ Gsd Bk-zm-Z-y-amb Iem-cq-]-ß-sf-°p-dn®v \mw a\- n-em-°n-bt√m. F∂m¬
\nß-fpsS Pn√-sb-°p-dn®v Cßs\ Hcp sImfmjv \n¿an-°-W-sa-∂n-cn-°-s´. F¶n¬ \nßfpsS
]tZ-i-Øns‚ km∂n-≤-y-a-dn-bm≥ Fs¥-√m-am-bn-cn°pw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-I.
$
$
$
CØcw Ie-Iƒ IY-Ifn, tamln-\n-bm´w, Xp≈¬ F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂pw Fß-s\-bmWv
hy-X-ym-k-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂Xv? Ip´n-Iƒ Dulw ]d-b-s´.
hnh-c-W-Øn-te-°v (]mT-hm-b\)
Ip´n-Iƒ hy-‡n-K-X-ambn ]mT`mKw hmbn-°p-∂p. Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Xs∂ Gsd BI¿jn®
`mK-߃, a\- n-emb Imcy-߃, C\nbpw a\- n-em-ImØ `mK-߃, ]Z-߃ apX-em-bh
Is≠-Ønb tijw Ah Kq∏n¬ ]¶p-h-bv°-s´. Kq∏ns‚ ]Xn-\n[n s]mXp-N¿®-bnepw
]s¶-Sp-°-s´.
sXø-Øns‚ ]Z-߃
sXø-Øns‚ ]Z-߃ (TB) hy-‡n-K-X-ambn enÃv sNøp-∂p. Ah Kq∏n¬ tImUo-I-cn®v
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. kmµ¿`n-I-ambn Ahbv°p tXm∂p∂ A¿Y-ßfpw Ah¿ ]d-b-s´. XpS¿∂v
N¿® sNbvXv [mc-W-bm-°mw.
Fs¥√mw ]Z-߃ D≠mImw?
$ Dcn-bm-SpI
$ Acn-sb-dn-s™-Xn-tc‰p
$ ImemwKw hbv°¬
$ AS-bmfw sImSp-°p-I.
tamUyqƒ H∂v
Bibw : $ Hmtcm ]tZ-iØpw X\-Xm-b-I-em-cq-]-ß-fp-≠v.
$ X’-abw \S-°p∂ Imc-y-߃ t]mse tXm∂n-°p∂ hmI-y-߃ Xbm-dm°nDƒs∏-Sp-Øp-tºm-gmWv hnh-c-W-Øn\v anIhv h¿≤n-°p-∂-Xv.
kma-Kn-Iƒ : $ tIc-f-Øns‚ Iem-cq]߃ (sIm-fm-jv)
$ kzbw hne-bn-cp-ج Sq-fp-Iƒ
]Xo-£nX kabw : $ 4 aWn-°q¿
Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4
97ae-bmfw
$ sXøm´w
$ AWn-bdtØm‰w
$ tXm‰w sNm√¬
$ Du\w IqSm-Xo´v X°-hÆw
$
$
imhy hmb\
]mT- m-KsØ kw -h-ßfpw Zri-y-ßfpw t\cn¬ ImWp-∂-Xp-t]mse hmbn-®-h-X-cn-∏n-°m≥
Ah-kcw \evIp-∂p. Hmtcm Kq∏nepw AwK-߃ imhyhm-b\ \SØn \√-hm-b-\-°m-cs\
Is≠-Øp-∂p. Kq∏n¬ \n∂v Is≠-Ønb hmb-\-°m-c≥ ¢mkn¬ hmbn®hX-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.
Hmtcm Kq∏pw kqN-I-߃ h®v hne-bn-cpØp kvtIm¿ \evIp-∂p. kqN-I-߃ N¿®-bn-eqsS
cq]-s∏-Sp-ØWw.
\s√m-cp-hn-h-cWw
hnh-c-W-Øn¬ \n∂v Zri-y-
ßfpw kw -h-ßfpw a‰pw
t\cn¬°mWp-∂-Xp-t]mse Ah-
X-cn-∏n-°p∂ hmI-y-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ
hy-‡n-K-X-ambn Fgp-Xp-∂p.
XpS¿∂v Kq-∏n¬ A]KYn°p∂p.
Is≠Ønb Hmtcm hmI-yhpw hnh-c-W-Øn\p \evIp∂ sa®-߃ Kq∏n¬ hni-I-e\w
sNø-s´.
kqN-I-߃
1 `mhw kv^pcn-°p∂ hn[w th≠ \n¿Ø-ep-I-tfmsSbpw
Db¿®- Xm-gvN-I-tfmsSbpw hmbn-°p-∂p. 4/3/2/1
2. D®m-cW ip≤n-tbm-Sp-IqSn hmbn-°p-∂p. 4/3/2/1
3. Bibw hy-‡-am-Ip∂ hn[-Øn¬ ]Z-ßsf Iq´nt®¿Øv
hmbn-°p-∂p. 4/3/2/1
4. Nn”-ß-fpsS kqN-\-Iƒ°\p-k-cn®v hmbn-°p-∂p. 4/3/2/1
GsXms° hmI-y -߃ Dƒs∏-Smw.
$ AXm, Bbn-c-am-bncw IÆp-Iƒ sXøsØ
t\cn¬ Z¿in-°p-hm≥ ImØp \nev°p-I-bm-Wv.
$ Imhns‚ Xncp-ap‰w. \nc-∂p-\n∂v hmZyw apg-
°p∂ sN≠-°m¿.
$ sabvIp-ep-°n-s°m-≠p≈ NphSp-Iƒs°m∏w
sN≠bpsS Xmfhpw amdp∂p.
$ sXøw Ac-ßn-te°v DW-cp-∂p.
$ Hcp \nanjw. aq∂p IXn-\m-sh-Sn-Iƒ apgßn.
$ ]oT-Øn¬ \n∂pw NmSn-bn-d-ßnb sXøw
an∂¬ thK-Øn-ep≈ Hm´-Øn¬ ssI°p
In´p∂hsc ]cn-N-sIm≠v hoin ASn-°p∂p.
A[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]Iklmbn
98 ae-bmfw
hni-I-e\ tNmZ-y-߃
sXøsØ t\cn´v ImWp-hm≥ At\Iw t]¿ h∂n- p≠v F∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw ""AXm, Bbn-c-
am-bncw IÆp-Iƒ sXøsØ t\cn¬ Z¿in-°p-hm≥ ImØp \nev°p-I-bmWv F∂p-]-d-bp-
tºmƒ F¥psa®-amWv hnh-c-W-Øn-\p-≠m-Ip-∂Xv?
sXøw ]pd-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ Iq´-sh-Sn -Iƒ apgßn F∂ \o≠ hmIyw kw`-hsØ
t\cn¬°mWp-∂-Xp-t]mse tXm∂n-°m≥ Fß-s\-bm-Wv hnh-c-W- m-KØv ]d™n-cn-°p-
∂Xv?
Fs‚ ]tZ-isØ Iem-cq]w
Kq∏v hni-I-e-\-Øn-\p-tijw Hmtcm hmI-y-Øns‚bpw anIhv Kq∏p-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-
∂p. XpS¿∂v CØcw anI-hp-Iƒ ]Xn- -en-°p∂ coXn-bn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS ]tZ-isØ
CjvS-s∏´ Hcp Iem-cq-]sØ hnh-cn-s®-gp-X-s´. Kq∏n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n®v N¿®-sNbvXv sa®-s∏´
hnh-cWw Is≠-Ømw. XpS¿∂v ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. A[-ym-]-I≥ Xbm-dm-°nb hnh-
cWw ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. Kq∏p-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xn¬ FsX-¶nepw H∂v Nm¿´ns-e-
gpXn ¢mkn¬ ]Z¿in-∏n®v A[ym-]-Is‚ hnh-c-W-hp-ambn Xmc-X-ayw sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ N¿®-
Iƒ \S°Ww. AXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ taJ-e-I-fn¬ Ip´n-I-fp-ambn N¿®-
sNbvXv cN\ sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ ]tNm-Z-\-ap-≠m-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
$ Bi-b-]-c-amb sa®-s∏-Sp-ج
$ hmI-y-\n¿am-W-]-c-amb sa®-s∏-Sp-ج
$ ]Z-]-c-amb sX‰p-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn-°¬
$ A£-c-sØ-‰p-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn-°¬
ta¬∏-d™ Hmtcm taJ-e-bnepw Nm¿´n¬ ]Z¿in-∏n® hnh-cW `mK-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-
am°n N¿®-mtNm-Z-y-ß-fn-eqsS Xs‚ cN-\-bnse sX‰p-Iƒ kzbw Is≠-Øm\pw Ah ]cn-l-
cn-°m-\p-ap≈ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
Cßs\ L´w L -ambn Nm¿´n¬ ]Z¿in-∏n® hnh-cWw (Kq∏ns‚ )sa-®-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-
tijw Hmtcm Ip´nbpw Ah≥ Xbm-dm-°nb hnh-c-Ww CtX coXn-bn¬ am‰ns-b-gp-X-s´. Xbm-
dm-°nb hnh-cWw Npa¿am-kn-I-bn-te°p k÷am-°p-Ibpw thWw.
kzbw hne-bn-cp-ج
Hcp shf-f-s∏m-°-Øns‚ Hm¿Ω, oas‚ Ipkr-Xn-Iƒ, ]pd-∏mSv F∂o ]mT- m-K-ß-fn-embn
bYm-Iaw A\p- h hnh-c-Ww, hy‡n hnh-c-Ww, Zri-y-hn-h-c-Ww, F∂n-ßs\ Ip´n-Iƒ Xbm-
dm-°n-bn- p-≠-t√m. CXnse hy-X-y-kvX-Xbpw hf¿®bpw hne-bn-cp-Øm≥ Ah-¿°v Ah-k-c-
sam-cp-°mw.
HmtcmcpØcpw Ah-c-h-cpsS aq∂p hnh-c-W-ßfpw H∂p-IqSn ]cn-tim-[n®v ASpØ t]Pn¬
\¬In-bn- p≈ kzbw hne-bn-cp-ج Sqƒ ]qcn-∏n-°-s´.
Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4
99ae-bmfw
Bfl-I-Y-bn-te°v
\ap°v B\-µhpw Bizm-khpw ]I-cp∂ \ΩpsS \m´nse Ie-Iƒ anI® coXn-bn¬ Ah-
X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Bsc-√m-amWv? Ip´n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS ]tZ-isØ ]ikvX Iem-Im-c-∑m-cpsS
t]cpw Ah-cpsS taJ-ebpw ]d-b-s´. AØcw Iem-Im-c-∑m-sc°p-dn®p IqSp-X-se-¥-dnbmw?
eLp-N¿® \S-Øp-∂p. XpS¿∂v ]mT-Ønse Bfl-I-Ym- mKw Ip´n-Iƒ hmbn-°-s´. CØcw
Bfl-IYm `mK-߃, hm¿Ø-Iƒ, A`n-ap-J-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ F∂nh tiJ-cn-°m≥ Ip´n-I-tfmSv
Bh-iy-s∏-Smw.
\º¿ Fs‚ hnh-cWw ]q¿Æ-ambn `mKn-I-ambn hf-sc-°p-dhv
1 kw -h-ßsf ap∂n¬°m-Wp-∂Xp
t]mse tXm∂n-°p∂ hmI-y-ß-fmbn
F\n°v Fgp-Xm≥ Ign-™n- p-≠v.
2 Fs‚ hnh-c-W-Øn\v \√ XpS-°hpw
HSp-°-hp-ap-≠v.
3 Hcp hmI-y-Øns‚ XpS¿®-sb-t∂mWw
ASpØ hmIyw Fgp-Xp-hm≥
Ign™n´p≠v.
4 Fgp-Øn\v \√ hrØnbpw shSn-∏p-ap-≠v.
5 hy-X-ykvX hmI-y-am-Xr-I-Iƒ, sshhn-[y-
am¿∂ ]Z-߃ F∂nh D]-tbm-Kn-®p-
´p≠v.
Npa¿]-XnI hni-I--e\w
sSIvÃv _p°nse Npa¿]-XnI Kq∏n¬ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂p. kma-Kn-Iƒ ]´n-I-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p.
$ Iem-cq-]-ß-fpsS NnX-߃
$ Iem-cq-]-ß-fpsS ]m´p-Iƒ
$ Iem-cq-]-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ
$ NnX-߃
tamUyqƒ c≠v
Bibw : $ ]mtZ-inI Iem-cq-]-ß-fpsS DZv`hw, N-cnXw F∂nh ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ ]m´p-Iƒ, IY-Iƒ, sFXn-l-y-߃ F∂nh \ne-hn-ep≠v.
$ At\-z-jn®v Is≠-Øn-bXpw tiJ-cn-®Xpamb hnh-c-ßsfbpw hyh-lm-c-cq-]-ß-sfbpw BI¿j-I-amb coXnbn¬ Iao-I-cn®v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcpam¿K-amWv Npa¿]Xn-I.
Icp-tX≠ kma-Kn-Iƒ: $ Npa¿]XnI ˛ amXr-I-Iƒ
$ sXø-°-Y-Iƒ ˛ hmb\m kmaKn
$ kzbw hne-bn-cp-ج Sqfp-Iƒ
]Xo-£nX ka-bw : $ 4 aWn-°q¿
A[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]Iklmbn
100 ae-bmfw
Hmtcm Kq∏pw Is≠-Ønb Imc-y-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. _n_n-bn¬ enÃp sNøp-∂p.
XpS¿∂v \s√mcp Npa¿ ]XnI Xbm-dm-°-W-sa-¶n¬ Fs¥m-s°-bmImw F∂p Kq∏p-Iƒ
\n¿t±-in-°-s´.
$ sFXn-l-y-߃
$ Iem--I-c-∑m-cpsS t^mt´m˛ Ipdn∏v
$ ad-bp∂ Iem-cq-]-߃ ˛ Ipdn∏v
$ Iem-Im-c-∑m-cp-am-bp≈ A`n-ap-J-°p-dn∏v
$ Npa¿am-kn-I-bpsS io¿jIw
$ Iem-Im-cs‚ Bfl-I-Ym- m-K-߃
$ hm¿Ø-Iƒ
$
$
Xs‚ ]tZ-is-Ø Iem-cq-]-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Hmtcm Kq∏pw tiJ-cn® kma-Kn-Ifpw ]mT- m-K-
Øn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-b-t∏mƒ Xbm-dm-°nb hnh-cWw XpS-ßnb cN-\-I-fpw enÃp sNø-s´.
Ah- ti-J-cn-°m≥ Npa-X-e-Iƒ hoXn®p \evI-s´.
IY-b-dnbmw
sshc-Pm-X≥ sXø-Øns‚bpw BSn-sØ-ø-߃°p ]n∂n-sebpw IY-Iƒ ]mT- m-KØp
\n∂v ]cn-N-b-s∏- Xv hn]q-eo-I-cn-°m≥ hmb-\m-km-aKn \evIp-∂p. (t]Pv 101) CXp-t]mse
Ah-c-h-cpsS ]tZ-i-Øp≈ Hcp \mS≥I-em-cq-]-Øns‚ IY tiJ-cn®v ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-
°p-∂p.
Npa¿]-XnI \n¿amWw
Hmtcm Kq∏pw tiJ-cn-®h Kq∏n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®v Npa¿]-Xn-I-bn-te°v Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm-hp-
∂h sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂p.
hy-X-ykvX Npa¿]XnI-Iƒ tiJ-cn®Xv Kq∏n¬ ]cn-tim-[-\-bv°mbn \evIp-∂p.
]kvXpX Npa¿ ]XnI ]cn-tim-[n®v AXns‚
BI¿j-Wo-b-X-sb-°p-dn®v tNmZ-y-ß-fn-eqsS N¿®
\S-Øp-∂p.
XpS¿∂v Hmtcm Kq∏pw Ah-cpsS Npa¿ ]Xw
D≠m-°-s´. kqN-I-߃h®v hne-bn-cpØn Kq∏p-
Iƒ ]c-kv]cw A`n-]mbw ]d-bp-∂p.
N¿®m tNmZ-y-߃Cu Npa¿]Xw BI¿j-I-amtWm?
Fß-s\-sb-√m-aWv BI¿j-I-am-Ip-
∂Xv?
io¿jIw hmb\m IuXpIw DW¿Øp-
∂-XmtWm?
Npa¿]-Xn-I-bn¬ Gsd ]m[m-\-y-
tØmsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-®Xv GXmWv?
F¥p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°mw?
Npa¿ ]XnI ]Z¿i-\-Øn\v FX-
tØmfw A\p-tbm-P-y-amWv?
Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4
101ae-bmfw
sshc-Pm-X≥
Z£-bm-K-I-Y-bnse hoc- -Z≥ Xs∂-bmWv sshc-Pm-X-\mbpw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. kXo-tZ-hnsb A—-\mb Z£≥ bmK-im-e-bn¬ \n∂v B´n-∏p-d-Øm-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. A-]-am\wkln-°m-\m-hmsX kXo-tZhn bmKm-·n-bn¬ NmSn-a-cn-®p. hnh-c-a-dn™ inh≥ tIm]w sIm≠vPz-en-®p. At∏mƒ inhs‚ s\‰n-°-Æn¬ \n∂v Hcp DK-aq¿Øn Dd-™p-Nm-Sn. Z£-t\bpwIq -scbpw hI-h-cp-Ønb B DK-aq¿Ø-bmWv hoc- -Z≥ AYhm sshc-Pm-X≥. sshc-Øn¬\n∂v P\n-®-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°mw, sshc-Pm-X≥ F∂ t]¿ h∂Xv (ssh-cw˛ iXp-X, tZjyw;PmX≥˛ P\n-®-h≥)
tIc-f-Øns‚ hS-°p- m-KØv ]≠v "A≈Skz-cq]w' F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp cmP-hw-i-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A≈Sw \mSv `cn®v apSn®p sIm≠n-cp∂ F´v Zpjv]- p-°-∑m-cn¬ \n∂v ]S-sh´ncmPyw ]nSn-®-S-°m≥ kmaq-Xn-cn-t°m-temØp \n∂p h∂ hoc-tbm-≤m-°-fm-bn-cp∂p t£X-]m-e≥, sshc-Pm-X≥, th -bvs°m-cp-a-I≥ F∂n-h¿. A≈Sw \m´nse At≈m≥, a∂≥XpS-ßnb Al-¶m-cn-Ifmb \mSp-hm-gn-Isf h[n®v cmPysØ c£-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-tijw sshc-Pm-X≥ sNdp-h-Øq¿ Xd-bnse X≠-I-\Øv \mb-∑m-cpsS NßmØw thW-sa∂p IcpXnAtßm- p-Xn-cn-®p. AhnsS ]kn-≤-am-sbmcp Xd-hm- n¬ AXn-Yn-bmbn sNs∂-Øn. ]n∂oSvB Xd-hmSv sshc-PmXt£X-ambn F∂mWp IY.
BSnsØøw
DØ-c- tI-c-f-Øn¬ hÆm≥ kaq-Zm-b-Øn¬s]- -h¿ hoSp-Iƒ tXmdpw sN∂v ]mSn-bm-Sn-h-cp-∂ Hcp H‰-t°me \rØ-amWv BSn-bm- w. AXn\ptbmPn® ]m´m-Ip-∂p BSn-∏m- v. sIm√wtXmdpw BSn AYhm I¿°n-S-I-amkw ]Xn-\mdmw \mƒsXm´v amkm-h-km-\w-h-sc-bmWvBSn-bm- -Øns‚ Imew. AXn-\m-emWv BSn-∏m- v, BSn-bm´w F∂n-ßs\ t]cp-Iƒ h∂-Xv.
Hcp Ip´n-bpsS apJØv NpI∏pw a™bpw Nmb-sa-gpXn, IÆp-Iƒ°p-ajnbn´v, Xe-bn¬ Hcp `wKn-bp≈ sNdp-In-co-S-a-Wn-™v ssIØ-≠-I-fn¬ hf-Ifpw amdn¬ h¿W-®- bpwame-Ifpw [cn®v ISpØ \nd-Øn-ep≈ DS-bm-Sbpw AWn-™-XmWv BSn-bpsS thjw. HcpapXn¿∂ hÆm≥ sN≠-ap´n Xmf-Øn¬ ]mSp-∂p. BSn-s-Ø-øw c≠p-aq-∂-Sn-sh®p aptºm´pw]ntºm´pw ]Xps° BSp-∂p. ]m´ns‚ X˛ X˛ XX˛ F∂ Xmf-Øn-s\m-ØmWv \rØwhbv°p-∂-Xv.
BSn-∏m- ns‚ IY A¿÷p-\≥ ]c-ta-i-z-c-t\mSv ]mip]-XmkvXw hmßnb IY-Xs∂.ITn\ X] p sNøp∂ A¿÷p-\s\ thS thjw [cn® inh\pw thS-Øn-bpsS cq]w[cn® ]m¿∆-Xn-tZ-hnbpw ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ ]co-£n-°p-∂p. thS\pw A¿÷p-\\pw XΩn¬X¿°hpw HSp-hn¬ bp≤-hp-ap-≠m-Ip-∂p. ]cm-Pn-X-\mb A¿÷p-\≥ inhs\ ]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw Ah-km\w thS≥ Xs‚ inh- -K-hm≥ Xs∂-sb∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw kt¥m-jn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Aßs\ Xs‚ ‡-\n¬ Xr]vX-\mb inh≥ A¿÷p-\\v ]mip-]-XmkvXw\evIp-∂p.
thS≥ sXøw
F√mh¿jhpw I¿°n-SI kwI-a-Zn-hkw apX¬ GXm≠v B amkw apgp-h\pw DØ-c-tI-c-f-Ønse `h-\-ß-fn¬ "ae-b-∑m¿' \S-Øn-h-cp∂ H‰-t°m-e-\r-Ø-amWv thS≥ B´w.Hcp Ip´nsb sNdn-sbmcp Inco-S-hpw, DSp-Øp-sI- pw, apJ-sØ-gpØpw sIm≠v AWn-bn-s®m-cp-°n-b-XmWv thS≥ thjw. Ah-t\m-sSm∏w c≠p-aq∂p apXn¿∂ kvXo]p-cp-j-∑m-cpw ]mSp-hm\pw sN-≠-Xmfw ]nSn-°m\pw D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. ho´p-ap-‰sØØnbm¬ c≠p-aq-∂p-X-hWsN≠-sb- H-®-s∏-Sp-Øpw, thS≥ h∂n- p-s≠∂dnbn-°m≥. ]Sn-™m-‰-bn¬ Hcp \ne-hn-f°vIØn®p Ign-™m¬ B´w Bcw- n°pw. he-tØm´pw CS-tØm´pw sNcn™p c≠p-\m-eSn]nt∂m´pw apt∂m´pw \oßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°pI amX-amWv B´ kº-Zm-bw. B Ah-k-c-Øn¬]tX-yIw Xmf-Øn¬ ]mSp∂ ]m´mWv thS≥ ]m´v. BSn-sØ-ø-Øns‚ IY-X-s∂-bmWvthS≥ sXø-Øn-\pw.
A[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]Iklmbn
102 ae-bmfw
Ip´n-Isf hnhn[ Kq∏p-I-fm°n Hmtcm Kq∏n\pw aq∂p hy-X-ykvX Bfl-IYm`mK-߃
\evIp-∂p.
1. Nne-ºn´ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ (TB)
2. Fs‚ Ip´n-°mew (Km-‘n-Pn)
3. Fgp-Øn-\p-h-®-tijw (Cw.-Fw.-F-kv)
hmbn® Bfl-I-Y-I-fn¬ \n∂pw CjvS-s∏´ kµ¿ -߃ Hmtcm Kq∏pw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.
Bfl-I-Ym- mKw hmbn-®-t∏mƒ \nß-fn-ep-≠mb Hm¿Ω-Iƒ Fs¥√mw?
AXnse A\p-`-h-ßfpambn _‘-s∏´ Fs¥-¶nepw A\p-`-h-߃ \n߃°p-≠m-bn-
´pt≠m?
Bfl-I-Ym- mKw \nß-fn-ep-≠m-°nb kt¥mjw/k¶Sw Fs¥√mw?
]mT-]p-kvX-I-Ønse
Bfl-I-Y-bn¬ \n∂v
\n߃ ]cn-N-b-s∏´
Iem-cq-]w GXmWv?
Cu Iem-cq-]-w
A∂sØ P\-ß-fpsS
Pohn-X-co-Xn-bp-ambn
_‘-s∏´ Fs¥√mw
kqN-\-Iƒ \ap°p
\evIp-∂p≠v?
]´n-I-bnse kqN-\-Iƒ
Ip´n-Iƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-s®-gpXn
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. XpS¿∂v
]ivkvXcpw apXn¿∂hcp-
amb Bƒ°m¿°p amX-
tamUyqƒ aq∂v
Bibw : $ ]mtZ-inI Pohn-X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-h-bmWv \mS≥I-e-Iƒ.
$ kz¥w Pohn-X-Ønse A\p-`-h-߃ a‰p-≈-h¿°v ckw ]Icpwhn[w hn⁄m-\-]-Z-amb coXn-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Bfl-I-Y-bpsS ]tX-y-IXbmWv.
Icp-tX≠ kma-Kn-Iƒ: $ Bfl-IYm mK-߃, hmb-\m-km-aKn
]Xo-£nX kabw : $ 6 aWn-°q¿
]´nI ]qcn-∏n-°mw.
Nne-ºn´ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ ˛ Bfl-I-Ym-`mKw
F\n°p \evIp∂ At\-z-jW kqN-\-Iƒ
$ ZmcnZyw:˛ I¿°n-S-I-am-k-Øn¬ ]s≠ms° Xmgv∂ PmXn-bn-
ep-≈-h¿ hfsc Zmcn-Zyw A\p-`-hn-®n-cp-∂p. ...................................
............................................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
$ aq∏v Ign-°p-I:˛ .........................................................................................
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$ P\-ß-fpsS hni-zmkw:˛ .........................................................................
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Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4
103ae-bmfw
amtWm kz¥w Pohn-X-IY ]d-bm-\p-≈Xv? \ap-t°m-tcm-cp-Ø¿°p-ap≈ Pohn-Xm-\p- -h-߃
a‰p-≈-h-cp-ambn ]¶p-h-bv°p-∂Xv ck-I-c-at√? AXn\p km[n-°nt√? F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ tNmZy-
ß-fn-eqsS Bfl-I-Ym-c-N\ F∂ ]iv\w Ip´n-Iƒ°p-ap-ºmsI Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw.
BflI-Y-\-ß-fpsS hmNn-Im-h-X-cWw
kz¥w Nn¥-Iƒ, hnIm-c-߃, A\p- -h-߃ F∂nh hmNn-I-ambn Hgp-t°msS Kq∏n¬
]d™hX-cn-∏n-°¬.
Kq∏n¬ Hcp Ip´n Ah‚ ad-°m-\m-hmØ Hc-\p- hw hmNn-I-ambn ]d-™-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.
a‰p Ip´n-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n® A\p- -h-Øns‚/kµ¿ -Øns‚ D≈-S-°w, ]d™ coXn, AXn-\p-
]-tbm-Kn® `mj F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v hne-bn-cpØn A`n-]mbw ]d-b-s´.
$ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-h-bn¬ \n߃°n-jvS-ambntØm∂n-b-sX¥v?
$ CjvSs∏-Sm-Ø-Xpt≠m?
$ hcp-Øm-hp∂ am‰-߃ Fs¥√mw?
kz¥w IY-]-d-bp-tºmƒ
TB bn¬ Ip´n-I-fpsS BflIYm- m-K-ß-fpsS XpS°w Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw hmbn®p t\m°-s´.
hne-bn-cpØn A`n-]m-bw ]d-bWw.
$ Rm≥ ]d-bp∂p F∂ coXn-bn¬ XpS-ßn-bXv GXmWv?
$ ]c-kv]cw tN¿∂p \nev°p∂ A\p- -h-ß-fmtWm CXn-ep-≈Xv?
$ hmbn-°p-∂-h¿°v B hy‡n, kµ¿`w, A\p- hw F∂nh a\- n¬ sXfn-bp∂ hn[-amtWm
Ch Fgp-Xn-bXv?
$ CXn¬ Ip-Spw-_-]-›m-Ø-e-Øn-eq∂n FgpXnØpS-ßn-bXv BcmWv?
$ sshjvWhv F∂ Ip´n Fß-s\-bmWv XpS-°-an- Xv? (kvIqƒ A\p- hw/ Kma-sØ-°p-dn-
®p≈ hnh-cWw/IpSpw_ ]›m-Ø-ew)
$ \n߃ hmbn-®-Xn¬ a\- n¬ X´nb A\p- -h-ß-fn-eq∂n Fgp-Xn-Øp-S-ßnb Bfl-I-Ym-
`m-K-߃ Dt≠m? Ds≠-¶n¬ FSpØp ImWn-°q.
ta¬kq-Nn-∏n® N¿®m tNmZ-y-ß-fn-eqsS Hmtcm Bfl-I-YbpsSbpw Ah-X-cW ssien-
bn¬ sshhn-[-y-ap-s≠∂v tImUo-I-cn-°mw.
1 IpSpw_ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-eq∂n XpS-ßp-∂-Xv.
2. Kma-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ hnhcW-Øn¬ XpS-ßp-∂-Xv.
3. a\- n¬X´nb A\p- hßfn-eq-∂n-bp-≈-Xv.
4. P\-\-Xo-bXn apX¬ FgpXn XpS-ßp-∂-Xv.
Bfl-I-Y-\-ß-fpsS Dd-hn-S-߃ Is≠-ج
Ip´n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS Bfl-I-Ym-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ Fgp-Xn-Øp-S-ßp-∂-Xn\p aptº Bh-i-y-amb
Bib ]n≥_ew In´p-∂-Xn\v Dd-hn-S-߃ Is≠-Øm≥ N¿®-bn-eqsS t]cn-∏n-°mw.
A[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]Iklmbn
104 ae-bmfw
$ Hmtcm Znh-k-sØbpw kz¥w A\p- -h-߃, Nn¥-Iƒ \mw Ipdn-®p-h-bv°p-∂Xv GXn-
emWv? (U-b-dn) Ub-dn-°p-dn-∏nse GsX-¶nepw Hcp \√ kµ¿ -sa-SpØv Fgp-Xn-Øp-S-ßn-
bmtem?
$ A—-\-Ω-am-cp-sSbpw _‘p-°-fp-sS-bpw a\- n¬ \nß-fpsS Ip´n-°m-eØv \S∂ kw -h-
߃ D≠m-Ipw. Ah¿ ]d-™pX-∂Xv Hm¿a-bn-ept≠m? Fs¥√mw tNmZn-®-dn-bmw?
$ \ΩpsS P\-\-k¿´n- n-°‰v ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Fs¥√mw hnh-c-߃ e`n°pw?
$ \ΩpsS t]mK v dnt∏m¿´n¬ \n∂v Fs¥√mw hnh-c-߃ e`n-°pw?
BXvI-Ym-c-N\
Ip´n-Iƒ hy-‡n-K-X-ambn kz¥w Pohn-X-
Ønse kw -h-߃ a‰p-≈-h¿°v ckhpw Adnhpw
\evIp∂ coXn-bn¬ Fgp-Xn-h-bv°-s´. Kq∏n¬ Ah-
X-cn-∏n®v hne-bn-cp-Øp∂p XpS¿∂v Kq∏n¬ \n∂pw
Hmtcm∂p hoXw ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. So®¿
th¿j≥ Ah-X-c-W-Øn-\p-tijw Bibw, Bi-
b-I-ao-I-c-Ww, hmIy-߃, ]Z-߃ F∂n-h-bn-eq-
∂nb sa®-s∏-Sp-ج \S-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. XpS¿∂v
Hmscm-cp-Øcpw Bfl-IY sa®-s∏-SpØn Fgp-
Xp∂p.
Ip™p-ß-fpsS BflI-Y-\߃
F√m-hcpw Fgp-Xnb Bfl-I-Ym-Ip-dn-∏p-Iƒ
tN¿Øv Ip™p-ß-fpsS Bfl-I-Y-\-߃ ]Xn∏v
]kn-≤o-I-cn-°mw.
Bfl-IY ]cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ
(So®¿°v)
1. Ah-X-cW ssien-bnse sshhn[yw
$ IpSpw_ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-eq-∂n-bp-
≈Xv
$ Kma-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ hnh-c-W-Øn-eq-
∂n-bp-≈-Xv.
$ a\- n¬ X´nb A\p-`-h-ß-fn-eq-∂n-
bp-≈Xv.
$
$
2 `mjm-ssien sXc-s™-Sp-°¬ (anX-
Xzw, kc-k-X, Xoh-hn-Im-c-߃)
3. io¿j-I-ß-fpsS sshhn[yw
4. kz¥w kØv shfn-hm-°p∂ cN-\-Iƒ
5. B\p-Im--enI Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-ß-fpsS
]Xn-^-e\w.
Fgp-Øp-Imcs\ ]cn-N-b-s∏Smw
Imk¿tKmUv Pn√-bnse ]nen-t°mSv Kma-
Ønse sNdp-aq-e-bn-emWv P\\w ˛ 1918 ¬
NnIn’m \n]p-W-\mb Ip´n-bºp aW-°m-S-
\mWv ]nXm-hv. ]pØq¿ kvIqfnepw Icn-h-≈q¿
am\y-Kpcp kvIqfn-ep-ambn \memw-Xcwhsc ]Tn-
s®-¶nepw Pohn-X-Ønse IjvS-∏m-Sp-Iƒ
ImcWw XpS¿]-T-\-Øn\v km[n-®n-√. F¶nepw
_“io tat°m´v am[-h≥ \ºq-Xn-cn-bn¬
\n∂pw kwkvIrXw A`y-kn-°p-hm≥ km[n-®p.
]nXm-hn¬ \n∂pw Bbp¿thZ intcm-aWn
kn.]n. IrjvW≥\m-b-cn¬ \n∂pw e`n®
sshZy-in-£Ww IÆ≥s]-cp-h-Æms\ anI®
Hcp sshZy-\m-°n.
Bdmw hb- n¬ BSn, thS≥ sXø-ß-fpsS
tIme-a-Wn™ IÆ≥ s]cp-h-Æm≥ ]i-kvX-
\m-bXv IXn-h-∂q¿ hoc-\n-eq-sS-bm-Wv. apØ-
∏≥, Xncp-h-∏-\, A¥n-Øn-d, sshc-Pm-X≥,
th´-bvs°mcp aI≥, ]e t]cp-I-fn-ep≈ `K-h-
Xn-am¿ XpSßn AXy¥w sshhn[yw \nd™
sXø-ßsf At±lw sI´n-bm-Sn-bn-´p-≠v. 23˛mw
hb-kn¬, IXn-h-∂q¿ hoc≥ sI´n-bm-Sn-b-Xn\v
]´pw-h-fbpw s]cp-h-Æm≥ ]Z-hn-bpw t\Sn.
tIc-f-kw-Ko-X-\m-SI A°m-Zan Ahm¿Uv,
kuØv Gjym C≥Ãn-‰yq-´ns‚ \¿Ø-I-cXv\w
_lp-aXn F∂nh e`n-®p. 2007 ¬ A¥-cn-®p.
\¿Ø-I-cXv\w sImS°m´v IÆ≥ s]cp-h-Æm≥
Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 4
105ae-bmfw
Fs‚ Ip´n-°mew
sslkvIq-fnse Fs‚ BZy-h¿jw ]cn£m ka-bØp \S∂ Hcp kw`hw
tcJ-s∏SpØm≥ X°-Xm-Wv. hnZym-`ymk C≥kvs]-IvS¿ ]cn-tim-[-\-bv°mbn
FØn-bn-cp-∂p. A£-c-⁄m\w Dt≠m F∂p t\m°m≥ At±lw R߃°v
A©p hm°p-Iƒ X∂p. Ah-bn-sem∂p ""sI‰n¬' Bbn-cp-∂p. Rm\Xp sX‰n-
®p. A[ym]-I≥ Fs‚ ASp-sØØn _qSvkns‚ A‰w sIm≠v AS-bmfw ImWn®v
Fs‚ sX‰p--Xn-cp-Øn-°p-hm≥ ian-®p. ]t£ Rm\Xp i≤n-®n-√. ASp-Øp≈
Ip´n-bpsS t…‰n¬ t\m°n kvs]√nwKv icn-s°-gp-Xp-hm≥ At±lw Bh--iy-s∏-
Sp-sa∂p Nn¥n-°pI F\n-°-km≤y-am-bn-cp-∂p. Fs‚ [mcW tIm∏n-b-Sn-°msX
t\m°m-\mWv At±-l-a-hnsS \nev°p-∂-sX-∂m-bn-cp∂p. Rms\mgnsI F√m Ip´n-
Ifpw kvs]√nwKv sX‰n°msX F√m hm°pw Fgp-Xn-b-Xmbn I≠p.
Rm≥ amXw hnUvVnbmbn. Fs‚ hnUvVnØw t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øn-Ø-cm≥
B A≤ym-]-I≥ ]n∂oSv ian-®p. ]t£ ^e-ap-≠m-bn-√. tIm∏n-bSn F∂ Ie
F\n-s°m-cn-°epw A`y-kn-°m≥ Ign--™n√.
Fs‚ kXym-t\z-jW ]cn-£-W-߃ alm--flm-Km‘n
Fgp-Øn-\p-sh-®-tijw
Hm¿Ω-h-bv°m-dmb Ime-Øn\p apºp-Xs∂ Fs‚ A—≥ acn-®n-cp-∂p. At±-
l-Øns‚ apJ-—m-b-sbm∂pw Fs‚ a\- n¬ ]Xn-™n- n-√. AΩ-bn¬ \n∂pw
a‰p-≈--h-cn¬ \n∂pw tI´n- p-≠mb [mc-Wtb At±lsØ-°p--dn®v F\n-°p-≈q.
AXp-sIm≠v A—-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂psh¶n¬ At±lw sNøp-am-bn-cp∂ Imcy-ß-
fn¬Øs∂ ]eXpw AΩ-bmWv Fs‚ _mey-Im-eØv F\n-°p-th≠n sNbvXXv.
Fs‚ t]cn¬ AS-°m-\m-hmØ kvt\l-amWv AΩbv--°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.
AXn\v ]tXyI Imc-W-hp-ap-≠v. Ah¿ ]k-hn-®p-≠mb BZysØ c≠m¨Ip-
´n-Iƒ ssii-h-Øn¬Øs∂ Nc-a-a-S-™p. ]n∂o-Sp-≠mb Hcp aI-\m-I-s´, km[m-
c-W-bn¬ Ipd™ hf¿® amXta _p≤n-]-c-am-bn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. AXpw
Ign™n´p-≠mb Hcm¨Ip´n-bmWv Rm≥. B ÿnXn°v Fs∂-sb-¶nepw Hcp
\√ Bfm-°m≥ Ah¿ kzm`m-hn-I-ambn BK-ln-®p.
˛C.-Fw.-F-kv.
A[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]IklmbnA[ym]Iklmbn
106 ae-bmfw
d^-d≥kv kma-Kn-Iƒ
$ tIc-f- mjm Km\-߃ Nnd-°¬ Sn. _me-Ir-jvW≥ \mb¿ (tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Zan
]kn-≤o-I-cWw)
$ Nne-ºn´ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ \¿Ø-I-cXv\w sImS-°m v IÆ≥ s]cp-h-Æm≥, Ipcp-t£X ]Im-
i≥.
$ \mS≥I-e-Iƒ ˛ _me-Ir-jvW≥ sImøm¬
$ am∏n-f-t^mIvtem¿ ˛ s]m^. _n.ap-l-ΩZv Al-ΩZv ˛ kabw ]ªn-t°-j≥kv.
$ Ifn-bm- -°-Y-Iƒ ˛ ]ø-∂q¿ Ip™ncm-a≥, Nn¥m-]-ªn-t°-j≥kv
$ tIme-Øp-\m- nse sXøw IY-Iƒ ˛ B¿.-kn. Icn-∏-Øv.
$ sXøw ˛ Fw.hn. hnjvWp-\-ºq-Xn-cn.
$ Ci-ep-IfpsS DZym\w ˛ FUn. tUm. Da¿ Xd-ta¬