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CSC 458C++ Programming

Java vs. C++ - What are the similaritiesand differences?

Information from: * C++ for Java Programmers Weiss

* Wikipedia.com

Dr. Paige H. Meeker

Computer Science

Presbyterian College, Clinton, SC

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Lecture 2

Brief History of C++

High Level Differences Between

C++ and Java Reasons to use C++

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Introduction

Java and C++ look a lot alikesyntactically. Many of the basicconstructs in Java have only minortechnical differences from C++;other Java features (such as OOPsupport for classes) have a similar

look and feel to C++.How did we obtain these languages?

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History of Programming Languages

Since we have had computers, wehave needed a means ofcommunicating with them to obtaindesired results. This necessitatessome sort of language that willallow communication between man

and machine.

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History of Programming Languages

The first forms of language were actuallyphysical motion languages theprogrammer physically moved gears

and/or wires to convey what they wishedthe computer to do.

Programming was accomplished byrewiring the entire system each time a

new calculation was required.

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History of Programming Languages

John von Neumanns ComputingConcepts

Shared-Program Technique

Conditional Control Transfer

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History of Programming Languages

1951: First Compiler (GraceHopper)

First High Level Languages: FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation)

COBOL (COmon Business OrientedLanguage)

LISP (LISt Processing language)

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FORTRAN

Computer Science without FORTRANand COBOL is like birthday cakewithout ketchup and mustard.

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COBOL

Alternative expansions of theCOBOL acronym have beensuggested:

Compiles Only Because Of Luck

Compiles Only By Odd Luck

Completely Obsolete Business Oriented

Language Completely Obsolete Boring Old

Language

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COBOLHello World

IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.Program-Id. Hello-World.

*ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.

*DATA DIVISION.*

PROCEDURE DIVISION.Para1.

DISPLAY "Hello, world.".*

Stop Run.

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LISP

Please don't assume Lisp is only useful forAnimation and Graphics, AI, Bioinformatics,B2B and E-Commerce, Data Mining,EDA/Semiconductor applications, Expert

Systems, Finance, Intelligent Agents,Knowledge Management, Mechanical CAD,Modeling and Simulation, Natural Language,Optimization, Research, Risk Analysis,Scheduling, Telecom, and Web Authoring just

because these are the only things theyhappened to list.

Kent Pitman

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_Pitmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_Pitman

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Algol

Led to:

Pascal

C

C++

Java

First language with a formal

grammar (BNF)

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Pascal

Developed out of necessity for agood teaching language

Combined best features of COBOL,FORTRAN, and Algol

Improved pointers, introduced CASEstatements

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C

Built to be fast and powerful

Hard to read

Many OS built in C (Unix, Windows,MacOS, and Linux)

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C++

C with Classes

Built to maintain speed of C (and

run C programs) and be moreportable

Language of choice in high schoolAP classes

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Java

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Visual Basic

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Perl

Depending on who you ask, Perlstands for:

Practical Extraction and ReportingLanguage

Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister.

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Back to C++

C++ should be viewed as a newlanguage, based largely on C. Itincludes modern constructs tosupport OOP and was influenced byseveral design issues.

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C++ Design Concerns

Intended to be upward compatible with Cas much as possible (i.e. legal Cprograms should be legal C++ programs)

C++ programs should be as fast as Cprograms if they do the same thing.

No one wants to learn a more complicatedlanguage to produce slower code

This means: no runtime bounds checks, nogarbage collection

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C++ Design Concerns

Has continually evolved, firstsupporting classes and inheritance,later adding templates, exceptions,and namespaces

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Java Development

Similar to C++ cosmetically, butdesigners had two main goals Allow the programmer to write the same set of

programs that C++ allows, using simplersyntax

Make it harder for incorrect code to run

Requires compiler to detect many sets oferrors when it first compiles the program andrequiring the Virtual Machine to throw an

exceptions when bad things happen atruntime.

This also enhances security against hacking

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High Level Differences between C++

and Java

Compiled vs. Interpreted Code

Security and Robustness

Multithreading API

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Why learn C++?

C++ is still widely used

Templates

Operator Overloading

STL

Automatic Reclamation of Resources

Conditional Compilation

Distinctions between Accessor and Mutator

Multiple Implementation Inheritance

Space Efficiency Private Inheritance