02 Interaction Materials Environments
description
Transcript of 02 Interaction Materials Environments
![Page 1: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TOS-QM
Sheet: 1
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
The Spacecraft Environment The Spacecraft Environment The Spacecraft Environment The Spacecraft Environment and Materials Interactionand Materials Interactionand Materials Interactionand Materials Interaction
Marc Van EesbeekHead Materials Physics and Chemistry Section
![Page 2: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 2
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Introduction
On-ground Environment
Launch Environment
Space Environment
![Page 3: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 3
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
On- Ground
Temperature
Humidity
Atmosphere
Biological
Transport loads
Test
![Page 4: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 4
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Launch and Ascent
Vibrations
Accelerations
Shocks
Thermal flux
Lightening impact
Rain
Birds0
1
2
3
4
5
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Time (s)
1/2 separation2/3 separation
Solid Boosters burn outLiquid Booster burn out
3rd stage Cut Off
![Page 5: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 5
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
In Flight
e -, p +, X-ray, hνννν
Micrometeoroid
Cosmic raysDebris
temperatureVacuumRadiationSpace DebrisMicrometeoritesAtomic Oxygen
![Page 6: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 6
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
![Page 7: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 7
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
![Page 8: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 8
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
NUMEROUS PROBLEMSMAINLY DIMENSIONAL STABILITY
AND LUBRICATION
CHANGE IN OPERATIONALPROPERTIES OF
MATERIALS
OUTGASSINGVACUUM
GAS CLOUD
PERTURBATION OFMEASUREMENTS
NUMEROUS PROBLEMSESPECIALLY ON
SCIENTIFIC SATELLITES
CORONA
ARC
ELECTRICALPROBLEMS
CONDENSATION
MODIFICATION THERMO-OPTICAL
PROPERTIES
MODIFICATION RADIATIONEFFECTS
MODIFICATION ELECTRICALPROPERTIES
THERMALPROBLEMS
ELECTRICALPROBLEMS
( SEE “RADIATION”)
( SEE“TEMPERATURE”)
Space Environment Effects : Vacuum
![Page 9: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 9
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Pressure as function of height
Altitude(Km)
Pressure(mbar)
KineticTemperature(K)
Gaseous Density(particles/cm3)
Composition
Sea Level 1013 ~300 2.5x1019 78%N2,21%O2,1%Ar
30 10 ~173 4x1017 N2,O2,Ar200 10-6 ~1200 1010 N2,O,O2,O+
800 10-9 ~1300 106 O,He,O+,H6500 10-13 103 H+,H,He+
22000 <10-13 101-102 85% H+, 15%He2+
![Page 10: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 10
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
NUMEROUS PROBLEMSMAINLY DIMENSIONAL STABILITY
AND LUBRICATION
CHANGE IN OPERATIONALPROPERTIES OF
MATERIALS
OUTGASSINGVACUUM
GAS CLOUD
PERTURBATION OFMEASUREMENTS
NUMEROUS PROBLEMSESPECIALLY ON
SCIENTIFIC SATELLITES
CORONA
ARC
ELECTRICALPROBLEMS
CONDENSATION
MODIFICATION THERMO-OPTICAL
PROPERTIES
MODIFICATION RADIATIONEFFECTS
MODIFICATION ELECTRICALPROPERTIES
THERMALPROBLEMS
ELECTRICALPROBLEMS
( SEE “RADIATION”)
( SEE“TEMPERATURE”)
Space Environment Effects : Vacuum
![Page 11: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 11
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
![Page 12: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 12
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
![Page 13: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 13
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
![Page 14: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 14
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
![Page 15: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 15
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Space Environment Effect : Radiation
NUMEROUS PROBLEMSPARTICULARLY ON
SCIENTIFIC SATELLITES
PERTURBATION OFMEASUREMENTS
MODIFICATION OF THE ELECTRICALCHARGE STATE/ SURFACE CHARGINGINCREASED
OUTGASSING
MODIFICATION ATMOLECULAR LEVEL
MODIFICATIONTHERMO-OPTICAL
PROPERTIES
THERMAL PROBLEMS
RADIATION(VV, PROTONS,ELECTRONS)
INCREASED SENSITIVITY
MODIFICATION MECHANICALPROPERTIES
BREAKDOWN ELECTRICALPROBLEMS
FRACTURES (THINSTRUCTURES UNDER
STRESS)
(SEE “VACUUM”)
( SEE “TEMPERATURE” )
( SEE “ATOX” )
![Page 16: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 16
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
High Energy Solar Flux
Type Wavelength(nm)
Average Flux(W/m2)
Worst CaseFlux (W/m2)
Near UV 180-400 118 177
UV <180 2.3x10-2 4.6x10-2
FUV 100-150 7.5x10-3 1.5x10-2
EUV 10-100 2x10-3 4x10-3
X-rays 1-10 5x10-5 1x10-4
Flare X-rays 0.1-1 1x10-4 1x10-3
![Page 17: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 17
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Particle Radiation
Orbit Fluence [J.m-2. Year-1] Absorbed Dose in 4 µm Al(Gy.year-1)
Electrons Protons Total Electrons Protons TotalMIR;LEO;350;
51,6;C4.6x102 11 4.7x102 6.4x102 1.5x101 6.6x102
ISS;LEO;426;51.6;C
8.6x102 36 9.0x102 1.2x103 4.8x101 1.2x103
GEO;35790;0;C
9.8x105 3.8x104 1x106 5.4x105 8.3x106 8.8x106
GLON;19100;64.9;C
8.3x105 2.6x105 1.1x106 3.8x105 2x106 2.4x106
HEO;500-39660;65;E
4.9x105 6.8x104 5.6x105 2.6x105 3.1x105 5.7x105
POL;LEO;600;97;C
2.3x103 1x102 2.4x103 2.5x103 3.0x102 2.8x103
![Page 18: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 18
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Charged Particles Environment
Radiation Source Nature Energy Flux(part.cm-2s-1)
Characteristics Remarks
Galactic CosmicRays
Protons (~90%)α(He-nucleus) &Heavy Ions (10%)
10-2 GeV-1010 GeV 2-5 Least Significant formaterials
Solar Wind Protons (96%)α and O-ionsElectrons
~ 1KeV~ 1 KeV~20-40 eV
p+ 2.108 at 1A.U. - Neutral plasma- Low energy restricts hazards
to surface
No influence oncircumterrestrial orbits ataltitudes<6.6 RE
Solar CosmicEvents (Flares)
Protons (95%)Heavy Ions
1-100 MeV(below 10 MeVspectrum ~E-1..2,beyond ~E-5)
Precise predictionof solar activitycannot be made
- E and N particles varies byevents
- Omnidirectional isotropic
Trapped Radiation1.Inner Belts (1.2-3.2 RE)
2.Outer Belts(3-7 RE)
Protons andelectrons
Protons andelectrons
Ep+ < 30 MeV (90%)Ee- < 5MeV (90%)
All Ep+<1MeV
p+ 5.105 E>1 MeVe- 2.107 E>.5MeV
p+ 109 E>10KeVe- 5.2.107 e-5xE
with E in MeV
- Omnidirectional Isotropic- Flux varies with magnetic
latitude- Spectra are very variable
with solar activity (GEO)- Fluxes not entirely
symmetric in Longitude(SAA for protons)
- Most important for orbitsat altitude <6.6 RE
- High E protons in innerbelts only- Atomic displacements arepossible at LEO in SAA
Aurora Electrons andprotons
e- 2KeV<E<20 KeVp+ 80<E<800 KeV
e- 1010 duringstormsp+ <107
- Observed between 65o and70o N and S magneticlatitude at altitudes between100 and 1000 km
- Very much time dependent
![Page 19: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 19
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Space Environment Effect : Radiation
NUMEROUS PROBLEMSPARTICULARLY ON
SCIENTIFIC SATELLITES
PERTURBATION OFMEASUREMENTS
MODIFICATION OF THE ELECTRICALCHARGE STATE/ SURFACE CHARGINGINCREASED
OUTGASSING
MODIFICATION ATMOLECULAR LEVEL
MODIFICATIONTHERMO-OPTICAL
PROPERTIES
THERMAL PROBLEMS
RADIATION(VV, PROTONS,ELECTRONS)
INCREASED SENSITIVITY
MODIFICATION MECHANICALPROPERTIES
BREAKDOWN ELECTRICALPROBLEMS
FRACTURES (THINSTRUCTURES UNDER
STRESS)
(SEE “VACUUM”)
( SEE “TEMPERATURE” )
( SEE “ATOX” )
![Page 20: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 20
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
White paints
Coating ααααs initial ∆α∆α∆α∆αs after 1100e.s.h.
∆α∆α∆α∆αs after 1100e.s.h. + e- +p+
PSB 0.135 0.025 0.20
SG120FD 0.2 0.042 0.145
PSBN 0.16 0.010 0.11
SG121FD 0.154 0.011 0.078
PCBE 0.23 0.003 0.063
PCBZ 0.19 0.03 0.17
Z93P 0.136 0.025 0.094
S13GP6N 0.20 0.021 0.193
![Page 21: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 21
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
SSM and Flexible Solar Reflectors (RSF)
Material ααααs∆α∆α∆α∆αs after 1100
e.s.h. UV∆α∆α∆α∆αs after 1100
e.s.h. UV + e- +p+
RSF-R on Al 0.126 - 0.003 0.06
RSF-F on Al 0.132 -0.007 0.058
RSF-F C on Al 0.137 0.002 0.07
SSM FEP 125µµµµm /Ag 0.07 0.01 0.03
SSM FEP 25µµµµm 0.153 .025 0.04
MAPATOX K 0.42 0.009 0.026
![Page 22: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 22
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Effect contamination on Solar Absorption
![Page 23: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 23
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Solar Absorptance in Flight Data
![Page 24: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 24
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Effect of Radiation on Tensile strength of Mylar
![Page 25: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 25
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Radiation Sensitivity of Polymers
PTFE
FEPFilled Siloxanes
Unfilled Siloxanes
Polyimides
Nylon
Polyurethane
PolyethyleneMinor Noticeable Significant
Absorbed dose (Gy)105 106 107
![Page 26: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 26
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
![Page 27: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 27
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
![Page 28: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 28
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Space Environment Effects : Temperature
(SEE “VACUUM” )
INCREASED OUTGASSING
MOLECULARDEGRADATION
HIGH
CYCLING
LOW
INCREASEDCONDENSATION
TEMPERATURE
MODIFICATIONELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
MODIFICATIONMECHANICAL PROPERTIES
THERMALMECHANICAL
FATIGUE
DEGRADATION OF OPERATIONALPROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
DEBONDING
FRACTURES/CRACKS
LOSS OF PROTECTIVECOATING
MODIFICATION CHARGESTATE
( SEE “VACUUM”)
EMBRITTLEMENT
(SEE “ATOX”)
(SEE“RADIATIONS”)
![Page 29: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 29
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Equilibrium surface temperaturesMercury, Venus, Earth orbits
Surface Temperature (sun facing)
-1 00 .0 0
0 .0 0
1 00 .0 0
2 00 .0 0
3 00 .0 0
4 00 .0 0
5 00 .0 0
0 .05 0 .15 0 .2 5 0 .3 5 0 .4 5 0 .5 5 0 .6 5 0 .7 5 0 .85 0 .95
Alpha/Epsilon ratio
[deg
C]
T celsius 1AU T celsius 0.47 AU Mercury ap
T celsius 0.31 AU Mercury per T celsius 0.72 Venus
![Page 30: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 30
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Thermo-0ptical Properties of Coatings
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Thermo optical comparison
MetalOSRFEPKaptonBlack PaintWhite Paint
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
εH
αs
![Page 31: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 31
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Space Environment Effects : Temperature
(SEE “VACUUM” )
INCREASED OUTGASSING
MOLECULARDEGRADATION
HIGH
CYCLING
LOW
INCREASEDCONDENSATION
TEMPERATURE
MODIFICATIONELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
MODIFICATIONMECHANICAL PROPERTIES
THERMALMECHANICAL
FATIGUE
DEGRADATION OF OPERATIONALPROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
DEBONDING
FRACTURES/CRACKS
LOSS OF PROTECTIVECOATING
MODIFICATION CHARGESTATE
( SEE “VACUUM”)
EMBRITTLEMENT
(SEE “ATOX”)
(SEE“RADIATIONS”)
![Page 32: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 32
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Nov 1995
![Page 33: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 33
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
FEP/VDA Pristine
VDA layer at BOL
14 days aged at 200 °C 44.9 days aged at 200 °C TC –100 °C/+100 °C
![Page 34: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 34
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
FEP/VDA 14 days at 200C
![Page 35: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 35
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
FEP/VDA 6400 cycles between –100/+100
![Page 36: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 36
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
![Page 37: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 37
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
![Page 38: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 38
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
ATOMICOXYGEN(ATOX)
OXIDATION
OXIDE LAYER
BREAKAGE
EROSION
PROTECTION
CONTAMINATIONCLOUD
GENERATION OFPARTICLES
DEGRADATIONMECHANICALPROPERTIES
CHANGE INTHERMO-OPTICAL
PROPERTIES
MASS LOSS
TEXTURE CHANGE
ELIMINATION OFCONTAMINANTS
PROPERTYRECOVERY
RUPTURE/DEFORMATION
( SEE “TEMPERATURE” )
Space Environment Effects : Atomic Oxygen
![Page 39: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 39
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Neutral Composition during Medium Solar Activity
1
100
104
106
108
1010
1012
1014
1016
1018
1020
200 400 600 800 1000
N /m3
km
Ar
02
N2
N
OHeH
![Page 40: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 40
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
O- density
108
1010
1012
1014
1016
1018
1020
200 400 600 800 1000
O (N/m3)
km
High Solar Activity
Medium Solar Activity
Low Solar Activity
![Page 41: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 41
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
ATOMICOXYGEN(ATOX)
OXIDATION
OXIDE LAYER
BREAKAGE
EROSION
PROTECTION
CONTAMINATIONCLOUD
GENERATION OFPARTICLES
DEGRADATIONMECHANICALPROPERTIES
CHANGE INTHERMO-OPTICAL
PROPERTIES
MASS LOSS
TEXTURE CHANGE
ELIMINATION OFCONTAMINANTS
PROPERTYRECOVERY
RUPTURE/DEFORMATION
( SEE “TEMPERATURE” )
Space Environment Effects : Atomic Oxygen
![Page 42: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 42
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Silver interconnector flown on Eureca. The silver is oxidised. Silver loss: 1 micron per 1021
atoms
![Page 43: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 43
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
![Page 44: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 44
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
HIGHVELOCITYPARTICLE IMPACT CRATERING
THROUGHHOLE
CHANGE INTHERMOOPTICAL
PROPERTIES
CONDUCTIVEPATH
LOSS OFMATERIAL
INTEGRITY/CRACK
INITIATION
EXPOSURE OFUNDERLAYER
NUMEROUS PROBLEMSPARTICULARLY
EMBRITTLEMENT/LEAK
ELECTRICALPROBLEMS
DEBRISCONTAMINATION
CLOUD
( SEE “ATOX”)
( SEE“TEMPERATURE”)
Space Environment Effects : Micrometeoroids & Debris
![Page 45: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 45
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
![Page 46: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 46
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Cumulative number of impacts in ISS Orbit
10-12
10-10
10-8
10-6
10-4
0.01
1
100
10000
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
N debrisN meteoroidsN total
Number m-2 year-1
Diameter (cm)
h = 400 km, inclination = 51.6o,year 2000
![Page 47: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 47
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Cumulative number of impacts in Polar Orbit
10-12
10-10
10-8
10-6
10-4
0.01
1
100
10000
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
N debris
N meteoroids
N total
Number m-2 year-1
Diameter (cm)
h = 800 km, inclination i = 98o
![Page 48: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 48
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Cumulative number of impacts in GEO
10-10
10-8
10-6
0.0001
0.01
1
100
104
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
N debrisN meteoroidsN total
Diameter(cm)
Number m-2 year-1
h = 35786 km, inclination i= 0.5o
![Page 49: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 49
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
HIGHVELOCITYPARTICLE IMPACT CRATERING
THROUGHHOLE
CHANGE INTHERMOOPTICAL
PROPERTIES
CONDUCTIVEPATH
LOSS OFMATERIAL
INTEGRITY/CRACK
INITIATION
EXPOSURE OFUNDERLAYER
NUMEROUS PROBLEMSPARTICULARLY
EMBRITTLEMENT/LEAK
ELECTRICALPROBLEMS
DEBRISCONTAMINATION
CLOUD
( SEE “ATOX”)
( SEE“TEMPERATURE”)
Space Environment Effects : Micrometeoroids & Debris
![Page 50: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 50
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
![Page 51: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 51
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
![Page 52: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 52
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
![Page 53: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 53
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
![Page 54: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 54
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
![Page 55: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 55
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
![Page 56: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 56
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Space Environment Effects : Re-entry
RUPTURE
LOSSMECHANICALRESISTANCE
ULTRA-HIGHTEMPERATURE
RE-ENTRYDYNAMICPRESSURE
PLASMA CHEMICAL REACTIONS
EROSION/CORROSION
SURFACE TEXTURECHANGES
LOSS OF MATERIALINTEGRITY
MODIFICATION OFHEAT EXCHANGES
NUMEROUS PROBLEMSPARTICULARLY
EMBRITTLEMENT
THERMALPROBLEMS
![Page 57: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 57
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Inflatable Re-entry Vehicle
Ablative shield
1st inflatable deceleration unit
2nd inflatable deceleration unit
IRDT
![Page 58: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 58
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Re-entry Apollo 8
![Page 59: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 59
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
NUMEROUS PROBLEMS PARTICULARLY
INSULATION/ GASKETING
DEGRADATION OF MATERIAL FUNCTION
OFFGASSING/AGEING/CORROSION
COMBUSTION
BIOLOGICAL GROWTH
SMELL
LIFE SUPPORTING ATMOSPHERE
TOXIC GASES
LOSS OF MATERIAL FUNCTION
TOXINES
AGRESSIONS TO LIFE
CATASTROPHIC FAILURES
DISEASES
DISCOMFORT
Space Environment Effects : Manned Volumes
![Page 60: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 60
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
Conclusions
• During the whole lifetime of a spacecraft, materials are subjected to a large number of different environments, some of which can be very harsh and harmful to the integrity or functionality.
• Earth and space environment experienced by a spacecraft must both be considered during the design process.
• Material selection has to be biased towards the specific needs of space programmes. The environmental factors associated with space have a direct influence on material selection. The application dictates the use of a particular material type.
• Interactions between a material and the different environments to which it is exposed are quite often synergistic and not simply additive; i.e. the sum of both interactions is larger than each of the effects separately.
![Page 61: 02 Interaction Materials Environments](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020112/577cc2fc1a28aba71194ea52/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Materials and Processes DivisionESA/ESTEC/TEC-QM
TEC/QMC 61
The ESA SME Initiative Training Courses
•Materials require evaluation to ensure adequate performance under a variety of combined conditions.
•Tests must be optimised –differentiate between primary and secondary parameters/degradation mechanisms.
•Simulation of these combined environments–Technical limitations–Cost effectiveness/ affordability
Conclusions (cont.)