02 ICAM-In Germany Bianca Schlegel

8/3/2019 02 ICAM-In Germany Bianca Schlegel

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Integrated Coastal AreaManagement

Experiences and lessons learnt fromGermany

Bianca SchlegelTechnical Advisor

Management of Natural Resources in theCoastal Zone of Soc Trang Province


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Study tour with

Vietnamesedelegates

Northern Germany,

July 2011


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Urban Flood Management

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Elbe is a very dynamicestuary which isvulnerable toanthropogenic influences

- Tidal influences- Floodings- Harbour- Estuary Management


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Urban Flood Management

3 types of flood protection:

Dykes and walls

Construction on dwelling mounds

Individual site protection

Some residential areas are allowed to be flooded,here specific solutions for infrastructure are needed

Public flood protection is financed by the city andthe state

Private protection measures have to be paid bythose who want to settle in the endangered areas

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Picture: http://www.ibbsn.de/refer.html


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Tidal Elbe concept

Fairway deepening for ships led to

increased tidal pumping - biggest challenge now

Ecosystem functions are endangered

Concept for sustainable sediment managementand development of tidal Elbe (2006)

Engineering measures Retention areas

Improved sediment management

Only works as participatory process!

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Dyke construction & Drainage

More than 800 years of experiences with dykeconstructions have led to improved dyke designs

Dykes form an artificial barrier and requiretechnical solutions of the drainage

Secure discharge is of great importancefor flood protection and agriculture

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Individual Coastal Protection

Hallig: small, undyked island in the North Sea

Flooded regularly during stormy weather

Houses built on small dwelling mounds (Warften)


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Individual Coastal Protection

Dynamic equilibrium of sedimentation and sealevel rise (ca. 4-5 mm/year)

Currently Halligen are adapting in natural way

Future sea level rise requires adaptation

5 Halligen:

UNESCO biosphere reserve

due to unique characteristiclandscape, surrounding

ecosystem and culture

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BeachManagement

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- Connected to the

mainland by theHindenburgdamm

- Construction led tomorphodynamic changes

and to- significant losses of landat the southern spit of theisland


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Beach Management

Several measures tried and failed

Ca. 1880: Groins

Increased erosion at other places

1960: Tetrapods

Too heavy for soft sand

Since 1970: sand nourishments Sand is now only put in locations

where it is needed

Soft, close to nature solution

High costs justified by the high

income generated from tourism sector29.11.2011


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Governance of coastal protection

State and communities have their own tasks andresponsibilities

State tasks: 100% financed by state

Shared tasks: can be financed up to 90% by state

Maintenance tasks: 100% financed by communities

Advisory Board Integrated Coastal Protection

Led by the Ministry with participation ofcommunities, mayors, nature conservationists etc.

Meetings twice per year

The states ears are opened to the needs of the

local communities

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Governance of coastal protection

New master plan currently developed to integrateall aspects

(Coastal) Land use planning

Economic activities/ Tourism

Disaster prevention

Nature conservation

Wadden Sea is World Heritage Site

Good example for combination of coastal andenvironmental protection

Regional and (inter)national cooperation can beareas of conflict

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Managing the OffshoreZone

Central Command for Maritime Emergencies

Is responsible for planning, training and

implementation of maritime emergency measures Shares responsibilities with neighbouring countries

in quick response zones (no diplomatic channels)

Can access equipment and staff of partners

Has overall coordination and operational control,even if borders are crossed until situation is cleared

Works autonomously, not subject to any directivesin case of operations

Has clear legal foundation

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Managing the Offshore Zone

Offshore wind energy represents a direct andeconomical usage of coastal zone

Over 20 years of experiences with offshore windenergy in North Sea and Baltic Sea

Consistent and strong winds provide betterconditions than on land

New methods are tested constantly

Environmental impacts have to be considered(e.g. acoustic noise that disturbs marine mammals)

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Key lessons learnt

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Individualsolutions

needed

Large-

scalesolutions

Individualadaptedsolutions

Localcharacteristicsand

requirements

There is no single solution forthe whole coast


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Key lessons learnt

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Sustainable ICAM requires

Consideration of future

scenarios in todays planning

Participation ofmany stakeholders

for decisions

Consideration ofcomplex processes

and interactions

Dealing withuncertainties

Interdisciplinaryand cross-border

consensus


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Thank you for your attention!

29 11 2011

Questions?

02 ICAM-In Germany Bianca Schlegel

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