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Engineering H191

Engineering Fundamentals and Laboratory I

Lecture 02

Graphics: The Language of Design

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Objectives

Understanding graphics as a communication tool

Technical sketching

Projections

Orthographic Pictorial

Sketching hints

Lettering

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How Would You Describe This?

In teams of two, describe using only words

How effective is this approach?

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Freehand sketches

Instrument drawings

Computer drawings and models

Three Basic Types of Technical Drawings

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Introduction to Projections

Present 3-D objects with 2-D media

Two Basic Categories

Orthographic Pictorial

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Axonometric

Oblique Perspective

Projections: Four Basic Types

Orthographic

Projections

Pictorials

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Orthographic Projections

Collection of 2D drawings

Accurately represent object

Technical Graphics - Chapter 3

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Orthographic Projection

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Defining the Six

Principal Views

orOrthographic

Views

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Which Views to Present?

General Guidelines

Pick a Front View that is most descriptive ofobject

Normally the longest dimension is chosen asthe width (or depth)

Most common combination of views is to use:Front, Top, and Side View

Views other than the Principal Views are calledAuxiliary Views (see section 3.15 in theTechnical Graphics text)

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Conventional Orthographic Views

Height

Depth

Width

Front View

Top View

RightSide

View

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Hidden Lines

represent features that cannotbe seen in the current view

Centerlines

represent symmetry and mark thecenter of circles, the axes of cylinders, and the

axes of symmetrical parts, such as bolts

Hidden and Center Lines in Orthographic

Projections Object Lines represent visible features for an

object

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For Example:

1. Visible

2. Hidden

3. Center

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Front View

Right Side

View

Top View

Creating the Orthographic Projection Sketch

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Step 1 Lightly Block Three Views

Use very

light lines

for drawingin the

construction

lines

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Step 2 Lightly Block Major Features

Use very light

lines fordrawing in the

construction

lines

Holes

Arcs Cutouts

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Step 3 Refine and Locate Features

in All Views

Use very

light lines for

drawing in

the

construction

lines

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Step 4 Add Final Lines

Use very

light lines for

drawing in

the

construction

lines

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Completed Sketch

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Add Another View

Sketch the left side view of the object

Compare your view with the others at your table

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Add Another View

Does yours look something like this?

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Lettering Notes

Lettering Guidelines

See Technical Graphics: Chapter 1

Lettering Styles

Shape of characters

Order of drawing strokes of character

Character Uniformity Spacing

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Lettering Vertical Gothic Font

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Sketching Tips: General

Relax and draw in a direction comfortable to you

Mark end points of the lines to be sketched and

draw between them

Draw long lines as a series of short ones

Use grid paper when available

Follow sketching and text conventions

Do NOT use a straight edge to draw lines!

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Sketching Tips: Construction Lines

Use construction lines

Begin by drawing bounding boxes with

construction lines

Make construction lines much lighter and thinnerthan finished lines

Identify the major features and overall

dimensions

Leave construction lines on the sketch

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Sketching Tips: Miscellaneous

Do not shade the drawingthis is not pencil

sketching

Title information is required

Keep views aligned (very important)

Include centerlines on isometrics

Avoid labels on the sketch

Construct neat circles change page orientation

if needed

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Today's Assignment

Drawing 1:

Blocks of each kind of which you will sketch willbe handed out at each table.

Drawing 2:

Lettering assignment handed out in class.

An additional copy will be in your course packet

from Uniprint Cut out patterns and glue or tape together to make

three dimensional solids for visualization practice