017 appendices
description
Transcript of 017 appendices
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
APPENDICES
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
APPENDICES
APPENDICES A: Projects Failure Reasons And Recommendations
APPENDICES B: Ladies Medical Colleges Project (Case Study)
APPENDICES C: Questionnaire
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Failure Reasons Recommendations Category
Contract duration is too short caused by:
- Unrealistic timeframe from client
- Poor or lack of planning (Estimating
and scheduling)
- Early involvement of all stakeholders
- Establish a comprehensive planning process
- Promoting a win-win culture between project
stakeholders
Project Related
Disputes between stakeholders caused by:
- Poor or lack of proper procurement
procedures
- Lack of stakeholders involvement
- Unrealistic terms and conditions
- Outdated contractual agreements
- A win – lose culture between
stakeholders
- Ineffective delay penalties
- Establish a comprehensive project
procurement process
- Involve stakeholders as early as possible
- Establish a clear project governance system
- Dynamic contractual agreements matching
real-time business environment
- Promoting a win-win culture between project
stakeholders
- Clear and agreed contractual terms and
conditions
Project Related
Inadequate definition of customer acceptance
criteria for final deliverable caused by:
- lack or poor customer acceptance
criteria for deliverables
- Poor scoping
- Poor requirement gathering
- Not involving customers and users at
early project planning stages
- Not involving customers and users in
decision making process during project
lifecycle
- Assuring customer and user agreement to
customer acceptance criteria at initial stages of
the project and during project lifecycle
- Establish a comprehensive scoping process
- Establish a comprehensive requirement
gathering process
- Involving customers and users in planning
process
- Including customers and users in project
decision making process (be part of project
board)
Project Related
APPENDICES A: Projects Failure Reasons And Recommendations:
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Incorrect type of contracts (Turnkey,
construction only,…) caused by:
- Budget limitations
- Poor planning
- Lack of identification of different
solutions
- Inappropriate contractors
- Poor understanding of business
requirements
- Poor understanding of desired business
outcomes and benefits by project
stakeholders
- Establish a comprehensive procurement
process
- Establish a comprehensive planning process
- Establishing a process of exploring current and
available solutions in marketplace
- Establish a comprehensive supplier
management process
- Involving customers and users in planning and
decision making
- Establish a comprehensive scoping process
- Educating project stakeholders that projects
exist to serve business objectives rather than
project outputs
Project Related
Type of project bidding and award
(negotiation, lowest bidder) caused by:
- Focusing on financial aspects only
- Inexperienced tendering committees
- Lack of formal bid management process
- Understanding business value and the weight
of financial factor in the bidding process
- Appointing experienced and knowledgeable
committee members
- Establishing a comprehensive bid management
process
Project Related
Late or delay in payments by owner caused
by:
- Poorly managed project cash flow
- Poor invoicing process
- Poor sign-off process due to high
bureaucracy
- Lack of accountability
- Establish a comprehensive financial
management process
- Establish and communicate a comprehensive
procurement process
- Establish governance system to enforce
accountability
Ow
ner Related
Delay to hand-over work site to the
contractor by the owner caused by:
- Poor planning
- Poor prioritization
- Poor site preparation
- Establish planning process
- Clear identify the work dependencies
- Site preparation shall be a stage of project
management
Ow
ner Related
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Change orders by owner during construction
caused by:
- Poor understanding business
requirements
- Poor scoping
- Poor planning
- Lack of change control
- Unmanaged scope creep
- Establish Clear Business Case
- Establish Scoping Process
- Establish Planning process
- Establish enforced change control process
- No changes without formal authorization
Ow
ner Related
Poor communication and coordination by
owner and other parties
- Establish Communication Strategy
- Clear understanding of stakeholders
Ow
ner
Related
Delayed project works caused by:
- Late in revising and approving design
documents by owner
- Delay in approving shop drawings and
sample materials
- Poor communication and coordination
by owner and other parties
- Slowness in decision making process by
owner
- Suspension of work by owner
- Enforcement of management controls
- Establish planning process
- Enforce contractual terms on owner
- Defined and agreed authorization process
- Establish communication strategy
Ow
ner Related
Conflicts between joint-ownership of the
project caused by:
- Unclear roles and responsibilities
- Lack agreed understating between joint-
ownership
- Early user involvement during project
initiation
- Clear understanding of stakeholders
responsibilities
- Clear delegation between accountability and
responsibility
- Defined Role descriptions
Ow
ner Related
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Dis-encouragement for contractors to
improve project constraints (Time, Scope
and Cost) caused by:
- Unavailability of incentives for
contractor for finishing ahead of
schedule, less cost and better scope
- Lack of understanding of the
improvement advantage
- Establish a win-win environment between
project stakeholders
- Encourage ownership of activities between
stakeholders
- Establish an ongoing awareness about
continual improvement
Ow
ner Related
Difficulties in financing project by contractor
caused by:
- Project scope larger than to be handled
by the contractor
- Failing to acquire finance from banks
due to lack of guarantees
- No or limited advanced payments from
project owner
- Poor financial management
- Establish a strong transparent contractor
evaluation process
- Establish procurement process
- Establish contract management process
- Owners shall establish a realistic cash flow
policies
- Establish Financial management
Contractor R
elated
Conflicts in sub-contractors schedule in
execution of project caused by:
- Poor scheduling by both main and sub-
contractor
- Poor planning by both main and sub-
contractors
- Poor prioritization by both main and
sub-contractors
- Lack of communication between main
and sub-contractors
- Lack of coordination between main and
sub-contractor
- Establish planning process
- Enforce adoption of project management
methodologies by contractors and sub-
contractors
- Ensuring Prioritization is made based on need
and not financial compensation
- Establish a requirement gathering process
- Establish Communication Strategy
- Enforce transparency between stakeholders
Contractor R
elated
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Rework due to errors during construction
caused by:
- Poor planning
- Poor specification within product
descriptions
- Incompetent workforce
- Low quality material
- Rushing work due to unrealistic
scheduling
- Rushing work for faster payments
- Poor quality control
- Lack of accountability
- Establish planning process
- Establish project scoping process
- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly
undertake training to increase competence
- Establish a quality process
- Ensure all project roles have defined role
descriptions and these are agreed between
relevant parties
Contractor R
elated
Conflicts between contractor and
stakeholders caused by:
- Poor site management and supervision
by contractor
- Poor communication and coordination
by contractor with stakeholders
- Ineffective planning and scheduling of
project by contractor
- Improper construction methods
implemented by contractor
- Delays in sub-contractors work
- Inadequate contractors work
- Frequent change of sub-contractors
because of their inefficient work
- Poor qualification of the contractors
technical staff
- Control project through management by
exception
- Establish Communication Strategy
- Clear understanding of stakeholders
- Establish planning process
- Establish project scoping process
- Establish a strong transparent contractor
evaluation process
- Establish procurement process
- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly
undertake training to increase competence
Contractor R
elated
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Late site mobilization caused by:
- Incompetent contractor
- Government related reasons (labor visa,
work permits, ..)
- Limited access to worksite due reasons
out of contractor control
- No site mobilization process and
procedures
- Poor planning (specific mobilization
plan)
- Poor machinery management
(allocation and reallocation of
machinery)
- Establish a strong transparent contractor
evaluation process
- Establish procurement process
- Clear understanding of stakeholders
- Establish Communication Strategy
- Establish planning process
- Establish project scoping process
- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly
undertake training to increase competence
Contractor R
elated
Delayed project work caused by:
- Delayed inspection and testing by
consultant
- Late in reviewing and approving
construction documents by consultant
- Conflicts between consultant and
design engineer
- Inadequate experience of consultant
- Enforcement of management controls
- Establish planning process
- Enforce contractual terms on consultant
- Defined and agreed authorization process
- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly
undertake training to increase competence
Consultant R
elated
Delay in approving major changes in the
scope of work by consultant caused by:
- Poor construction documents
- Inflexibility (rigidity) of consultant
- Poor communication and coordination
between consultant and stakeholders
- Inadequate experience of consultant
- Establish planning process
- Establish Communication Strategy
- Establish a strong transparent contractor
evaluation process
- Establish procurement process
- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly
undertake training to increase competence
Consultant R
elated
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Mistakes and discrepancies in design
documents caused by:
- Delays in producing design
construction documents
- Unclear and inadequate details in
drawings
- Complexity of project design
- Insufficient data collection and survey
before design
- Misunderstanding of owners
requirements by design engineer
- Inadequate design-team experience
- Using outdated engineering design
software
- Incompatible design technologies
- Establish planning process
- Enforcement of management controls
- Establish project scoping process
- Clear identify the work dependencies
- Establish a requirement gathering process
- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly
undertake training to increase competence
- Use of latest technology
- Establish standardization and Technology
compatibility
Design R
elated
Delay in material delivery caused by:
- Shortage of construction materials in
market
- Changes in material types and
specifications during construction
- Damage of stored material while they
are needed urgently
- Delay in manufacturing special building
materials
- Late procurement of materials
- Late in selection of finishing materials
due to availability of many types in
market
- Establish planning (Resource and Material
Planning)
- Establish Change control
- Establish a requirement gathering process
- Ensuring adequate Storage facilities
Material R
elated
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Delay to project work caused by:
- Equipment breakdowns
- Shortage of equipment
- Low level of equipment-operators skill
- Low productivity and efficiency of
equipment
- Lack of high-technology mechanical
equipment
- Establishing a standard requirement and
specifications and maintenance procedures for
work equipment
- Establish Planning
- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly
undertake training to increase competence
Equipment R
elated
Delay to project work caused by:
- Shortage of labors
- Unqualified workforce
- Wage base selection of labor
- Nationality of labors
- Low productivity level of labors
- Personal conflicts among labors
- Accidents during construction
- Need for proper estimation and coordination
for the work force needed by MOL and other
government agencies
- Enforce a standard wage policy based on skills
and qualifications
- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly
undertake training to increase competence
- Educate contractors about average labor
productivity output
- Establish a strong HR process within project
team
- Establishing occupational health and safety
policies and procedures
Labor Related
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Project work could be delayed by external
factors outside the control of project such as:
- Effects of subsurface conditions (e.g.,
soil, high water table, etc.)
- Delay in obtaining permits from
municipality
- Environmental effect on construction
activities (temperature, rain,
sandstorms,..)
- Lack or shortage of utilities in site (such
as, water, electricity, telephone, etc.)
- Effect of social and cultural factors
- Traffic control and restriction
- Changes in government regulations and
laws
- Ensure environmental factors are considered at
early stages of planning
- Owners must be accountable for pre-project
regulatory and environmental requirements.
- Ensure utility factors are considered at early
stages of planning
- Consider site access and security policies
during planning
- Establish security management process
- Establish an ongoing awareness of any
potential changes to government regulations
and laws and communicate these to all project
stakeholders
External
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
APPENDICES B: Ladies Medical Colleges Project
(Case Study)
لمملكة العربية السعودية باموقع منطقة القصيم تق��ع منطق��ة القص��يم في ش��مال المنطق��ة الوس��طى من المملك��ة العربي��ة
رض���ري ع�اً، ودائ�( شرق44ْ -َ 54ْ و41َ -�30ول )ط�السعودية ، بين خط�ي د المنطقة من الشمال منطقة������������االً ويح���������ْ ( شم27َ -15ْ و24َ -25)
حائ��ل ومن الجن��وب والش��رق منطق��ة الري��اض ومن الغ��رب منطق��ة المدين��ة متها اإلدارية مدينة بريدة وهي من أكبر وأهم الم��دن في�����������المنورة وعاص
المنطقة الوسطي شمال مدينة الرياض.
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
القصيم لجامعة العام الموقع
بمن بريدة مدينة من الغرب إلى الجامعة مقر /�������يقع المدينة بريدة طريق على المليدة طقةعن �������المن ويبعد حوال ����������ورة بعد ���ك 20ي �����ها وعلى مطار 4م شمال كم
وتح.�������القص األراض ������يم به جه �������يط من والم�������زارع الفض������اء الشم ���������ي ال�������ةج ��������والغ من أما الجن ����������رب وي ����������هة أرامكو شركة مس����تودعات فتق������ع قع���������وب
الج معس ��������على الطريق من اآلخر من �������������انب وم��طار الوط����ني الحرس طقة��������كريم. �����������القص
مستودعات شركةأرامكو
مزارع
مطار أقليم
ي
معسكرالحرسالوطن
ي
الجامعة
الكتلةالعمرانية لمدينة
إلىعنيزة
إلى المدينةالمنورة
إلىالزلفى
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
القصيم لجامعة العام الموقع
ال موقع مساحة حوالي ���������تبلغ يعادل 780جامعة ما أي 2م 7.800.000هكتار
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
نشاء محمع الكليات الصحية للطالبات بجامعة القصيمإ : اسم المشروع
عناصر المشروع :
كلية العلوم الطبية التطبيقية ............... طالبة-كلية طب األسنان ............ طالبة -كلية الصيدلة ..................... طالبة -كلية التمريض .............. طالبات -
\إسم اإلستشاري : مكتب رمز لإلستشارات الهندسية
....................ريالة : قيمة المشروع حسب خطاب الترسي
مدة المشروع :................
إسم المقاول:.......................................
الموقع العام لمجمع الكليات الصحية للطالبات
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
كلية الصيدلة ............... طالبة
لكل م�����������نها .2م�������ن ثالثة ادوار بمساحة ........... مكلية الصيدلة يتكون مبنى
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
كلية العلوم الطبية التطبقية ............... طالبة
لك��ل2م���������ن ثالث��ة ادوار بمس��احة ........... مكلية العلوم الطبية التطبقيDDة يتكون مبنى م�����������نها .
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
كلية التمريض ............... طالبة
لكل م�����������نها .2م�������ن ثالثة ادوار بمساحة ........... مكلية التمريض يتكون مبنى
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
كلية طب األسنان ............... طالبة
لكل م�����������نها .2م�������ن ثالثة ادوار بمساحة ........... مكلية طب األسنان يتكون مبنى
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
APPENDICES C: Questionnaire
أ ساليب جمع و تحليل المعلومات
أساليب جمع المعلوماتDATA GATHERING METHODS
مالحظة التغييرات الماديةOBSERVING PHYSICAL TRACES
و هي تعتمد على المالحظة المنظمة للبيئة المادية للعثور على آثار استخدام المكان سواء كانت هذه اآلثار متعمدة أو غير متعمدة. و من خالل هذه المالحظات يمكن تفسير كافة التغيرات التي تطرأ على المكان نتيجة
االستخدام و ما هي القرارات التي اتخذها المصمم و كيفية استخدام األفرادللمكان و كيف يقابل التصميم احتياجاتهم و ثقافتهم و متطلباتهم
معرفة كيف يستخدم األفراد المكان و يغيرون فيه أهدافها:
بسيطة – غير مؤثرة على استخدام المكان أو األفراد – غير مميزاتها: مكلفة – ال تتأثر بوجود الباحث
دياجرامات توضيحية – رسومات و اسكتشات – صور و أدواتها: ساليدز – حصر أعداد و كميات
نتائج االستخدام – تعديالت – تعبيرات اهتماماتها:
مراقبة استخدام الزوار لكراسي االنتظار بأحد المستشفيات مثال:
OBSERVING ENVIRONMENTAL مالحظة السلوكيات البيئية BEHAVIOR
و هي تعتمد على المراقبة المنظمة لألفراد أو الجماعات أثناء استخدامهم للمكان و ما يفعلونه و كيف تتفاعل األنشطة الفراغية و كيف يؤثرون على
بعضهم البعض و كذلك كيف يساعد المكان أو يمنع سلوكيات معينة داخله والتأثيرات الجانبية لتصميم المكان على العالقات بين األفراد و المجموعات
معرفة كيف يتصرف األفراد داخل المكان أهدافها:
مباشرة – ديناميكية متغيرة – تتأثر بوجود الباحث مميزاتها:
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
مراقبات منتظمة – تدوين مالحظات – خرائط سلوكية – صور أدواتها: و أفالم
الفاعل – الفعل – مع من – العالقات بين األفراد – الجو اهتماماتها:المحيط – البيئة
سلوكيات األفراد أثناء استخدام أحد الفراغات مثال:
أجراء مقابالت شخصيةFOCUSED INTERVIEWS
و تعتمد على إلقاء أسئلة بطريقة منظمة لمعرفة أفكار و أحاسيس و أسبابأفعال و معلومات و توقعات مستخدمي المكان و األفراد
معرفة كيف يفكر األفراد داخل المكان فيما يفعلونه و ما أهدافها:حولهم
متعمقة – معرفة األسباب مميزاتها:
أسئلة المقابلة أدواتها:
تعريف الموقف – المشاعر – األفكار – النوايا اهتماماتها:
سلوكيات أسباب إحداث األطفال لتلفيات بالمدارس مثال:
استمارات االستبيانSTANDARDIZED QUESTIONNAIRES
و تستخدم الستكشاف أسباب متكررة بين مجموعة كبيرة من األفراد عن طريق مقارنة إجاباتهم على مجموعة من األسئلة المدونة في استمارة
استبيان. و يمكن إرسال استمارة االستبيان بالبريد أو عن طريق التليفون أوشخصيا عن طريق أشخاص مدربين
معرفة االتجاهات العامة و الفكر الجماعي أهدافها:
شاملة – توضح التفكير العام مميزاتها:
استمارة االستبيان – خرائط – رسومات – صور – العاب أدواتها:
تعريف البيئة المادية – السلوكيات – ردود األفعال – اهتماماتها:التغييرات المتعمدة
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
دراسة تهجير سكان أحد األحياء إلى حي جديد و تأثير ذلك مثال:على انتمائهم و شخصيتهم
ARCHIVES المخطوطات
يتم اللجوء إلى المخطوطات عند عمل دراسة تاريخية لتطور مفهوم معين أو الوقوف على منشأ ظاهرة بعينها. و تشمل المخطوطات الرسومات و
االسكتشات و الكتب القديمة و الجرائد و المجالت و الوثائق الحكومية والملفات اإلدارية
استخدام المعلومات المتاحة لصالح التقييم أهدافها:
استغالل مصادر المعلومات المتاحة مميزاتها:
ملفات تحليلية أدواتها:
الكلمات المكررة – بداية و تطور األحداث اهتماماتها:
ANALYSIS OF DATA أساليب تحليل المعلومات
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS تحليل كمي
يعتمد التحليل الكمي للمعلومات على األخذ في االعتبار عند تصميم خطة البحث الطريقة التي سوف يتم التعامل بها مع المعلومات. و التحليل الكمي
يبدأ من التحليل الكمي البسيط لألعداد و النسب المئوية إلى التحليلباستخدام علم اإلحصاء
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS تحليل كيفي
يعتمد التحليل الكيفي على اكتشاف أنماط محددة لردود األفعال و االستخدام و يعتمد اكتشاف تلك األنماط على تدريب الباحث على اكتشاف تلك األنماط و
متابعتها أثناء البحث.
إعداد خطط األبحاث
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
تتكون خطط أبحاث تقييم المشروعات من األجزاء األساسية التالية
PROBLEM STATEMENTتحديد مشكلة أو نقطة البحث
RESEARCH APPROACHتحديد اتجاه و طريقة البحث للوصول إلى المعلومات AND METHOD
DATA GATHERING TECHNIQUES تحديد أسلوب جمع المعلومات
ANALYSIS OF DATAتحديد أسلوب تحليل المعلومات
نوع النتائج المتوقعة و فائدتها للمخطط و المصمم و متخذي القرارUSEFULNESS OF RESULTS
ويتم استعراض نتائج أبحاث تقييم المشروعات على النحو التالي
PROBLEM STATEMENTالتعريف بمشكلة أو نقطة البحث
RESEARCHشرح اتجاه و طريقة البحث و كيفية الوصول الى المعلومات APPROACH AND METHOD
DATA GATHERING TECHNIQUESشرح أسلوب جمع المعلومات و استعراضها
ANALYSIS OF DATA شرح أسلوب تحليل المعلومات و تصنيفها
CONCLUSIONSنتائج و توصيات البحث للمخطط و المصمم و متخذي القرار AND RESULTS