0125262011 Abdulhamid Al Mansour
-
Upload
sarah-el-akkad -
Category
Technology
-
view
1.142 -
download
1
description
Transcript of 0125262011 Abdulhamid Al Mansour
Challenges Facing District Cooling Industry in the Arabian Gulf Countries
presented to:
Kuwait District Cooling Summit25&26 January 2011
Abdulhamid AlmansourAbdulhamid Almansourdi b ddi b dSaudi TabreedSaudi Tabreed
CONTENTS
I. Current Challenges Facing GCC Countries In Meeting A/C
CONTENTS
Demand
II How Can District Cooling Mitigates The ChallengesII. How Can District Cooling Mitigates The Challenges
III. Introduction To District Cooling
IV. Outsourcing Governmental A/C Projects
V. DC Provider responsibilities
Dr. Tawfik A. Khoja3
I. Current Challenges Facing GCC countries in meeting A/C demand
Meeting escalated Electricity Peak demand
meeting A/C demand
70% of power generated consumed in A/C
Summer/winter power fluctuation
Low electricity tariff Low electricity tariff
Cooling Water shortage
Environmental concerns
L k f A/C l i l ti Lack of A/C legislations
Poor management of existing systems
New civic structures expansions
Increasing local fuel demand
Electricity Generation Comparison for The Six GCC Countries (Twh)The Six GCC Countries (Twh)
II. How Can District Cooling Mitigate The Challenges
District Cooling Optimization Benefits
40% less power demand0% ess po e de a d
Creates a flatter demand curve
Diversity Factor.
Higher load factor
Smaller Distribution Network Infrastructure
Provides the opportunity to co‐ordinate and phase start‐up
Help reduce long term capital costs and hence the cost Help reduce long term capital costs and hence the cost of generation.
II. How Can District Cooling Mitigate The Challenges
2 . 2
District Cooling Power optimization
1. 71. 8
2 . 2
0 . 9 59
D i st r i c t C o o l i n g A i r c o o l e d S p l i t Wi n d o w
Comparison of Energy consumptions (KWH/TR)p gy p ( / )
C i Of E C ti
II. How Can District Cooling Mitigate The Challenges
DESCRIPTION STAND ALONE DISTRICT COOLING
l
Comparison Of Energy Consumptions
Voltage LV MV
Use 2 KW/TR 1 KW/TR
Utilization 50% 120%
Connected Load 2 KW/ TR 0.95 KW/TR
Power Factor 0.8‐0.85 0.95
Peak Load Unshaved Shaved
Customers for Power Company
Multiple Singlep y
Equipment Used Commercial Industrial
II. How Can District Cooling Mitigate The Challenges
II. How Can District Cooling Mitigate The Challenges
Thermal Storage
Certified 40 - 49 Points
II. How Can District Cooling Mitigate The Challenges
Thermal Storage Reduces Required Capacity And Electricity Costs But Higher Capex
Energy Consumption
Stored energy released
Actual production of chilled water with thermal storage = electricity usage
Chilled water or iceChilled water or ice created and stored
during off peak hours
Midnight 6am Noon 6pm Midnight
II. How Can District Cooling Mitigate The Challenges
Environment
II. How Can District Cooling Mitigate The Challenges
II. How Can District Cooling Mitigate The Challenges
CO2 Total Emissions From Consumption Of Fossil Fuel For GCC Countries
III. Why is District Cooling Environmentally friendly?
District Cooling helps the environment by increasing energy District Cooling helps the environment by increasing energyefficiency and reducing environmental emissions including airpollution, the greenhouse gas (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2) andozone‐destroying refrigerants.
Most Middle Eastern governments are parties to the UnitedNations Framework Convention on Climate Change. With mostcountries in the region having extremely high GHG emissions percountries in the region having extremely high GHG emissions percapita, this issue will become increasingly important forgovernment policy.
District Cooling can reduce annual CO2 emissions by about 1 ton District Cooling can reduce annual CO2 emissions by about 1 tonfor every ton of district cooling refrigeration demand served.
III. Why is District Cooling Environmentally friendly?
RefrigerantsRefrigerants
Varity of options available to replace CFC’s and HCFC’s
Most widely accepted replacement is a family of refrigerants known as HFC’s (Hydro fluorocarbons),HFC‐134a
Regulated under the Kyoto Protocol which specifies reduction targets for emission
IV. INTRODUCTION TO DISTRICT COOLING (D.C.)
Industry History
There are over 6,000 commercial district energy systems (heatingand/or cooling) operating in North America, including allAmerican military bases and some 2,000 universities and colleges
The district energy industry has grown in the USA, Europe and The district energy industry has grown in the USA, Europe andAsia into a widely recognized, cost effective and environmentallyfriendly method of providing heating or cooling
Japan has seen a four fold growth over the last decade Denmark Japan has seen a four‐fold growth over the last decade, Denmarkfills nearly half of its heating requirements through district energysystems, and the UK has highlighted district energy as part of itsstrategy to reduce CFC emissionsstrategy to reduce CFC emissions
Famous landmarks, with district‐cooling systems include thePetronas Towers (Kuala Lumpur), the Pentagon (Washington) andL D f (P i )La Defence (Paris)
IV. INTRODUCTION TO DISTRICT COOLING (D.C.)
How District Cooling works
District Cooling is a utility which provides chilled water to
customers buildings boundary via a metered and
controlled processcontrolled process
The customer still has to do the internal building A/c work
which constitutes of internal distribution piping, air side
system & controls
IV. INTRODUCTION TO DISTRICT COOLING (D.C.)
IV. INTRODUCTION TO DISTRICT COOLING (D.C.)
IV. INTRODUCTION TO DISTRICT COOLING (D.C.)
District Cooling In The World
IV. INTRODUCTION TO DISTRICT COOLING (D.C.)District Cooling In The WorldDistrict Cooling In The World
Khalidiya Mall
Grand Mosque
IV. INTRODUCTION TO DISTRICT COOLING (D.C.)District Cooling In UAE
IV. INTRODUCTION TO DISTRICT COOLING (D.C.)
District Cooling in Qatar (67000 TR)District Cooling in Qatar (67000 TR)
IV. INTRODUCTION TO DISTRICT COOLING (D.C.)
Di t i t C li I Th W ld
(PETRONAS Malaysia)
District Cooling In The World
IV. INTRODUCTION TO DISTRICT COOLING (D.C.)District Cooling In The World
(Singapore)
District Cooling In The World
IV. INTRODUCTION TO DISTRICT COOLING (D.C.)District Cooling In The World
(Tokyo, Japan)
IV. INTRODUCTION TO DISTRICT COOLING (D.C.)District Cooling In The World
(C i l Di t i t C li I USA)
1960s 1970s 1980sHartford Minneapolis TrentonPittsburgh Commerce City Dade County
1990sIndianapolisClevelandi Chi
2000s *New OrleansMontreal
l d
(Commercial District Cooling In USA)
g y yCentury City Nashville New HavenSan Antonio Brookline Nassau CountyOmaha Oklahoma CityWauwatosa San DiegoLos Angeles Tulsa
Trigen‐ChicagoBaltimoreWindsorHoustonHarrisburg
OrlandoDetroitLas VegasTampaSudbury
Los Angeles Tulsa gCincinnatiKansas CityTorontoMiamiYoungstown
yAkronPhoenixPortlandHonoluluMarkham
YoungstownSt. PaulUTT ‐ ChicagoAtlantic CityDenver
MarkhamDes MoinesAustinWilmington
Boston * Includes systems in development
IV. INTRODUCTION TO DISTRICT COOLING (D.C.)
District Cooling In The Worldg
(USA, Harvard and MIT Universities)
IV. INTRODUCTION TO DISTRICT COOLING (D.C.)
District Cooling In The Worldg
(USA, Harvard and MIT Universities)
IV. INTRODUCTION TO DISTRICT COOLING (D.C.)
Valuable Space Savingp g
Without DC With DC
A Dubai Hotel Parking roof top
The view from the Suites & Rooms
Shangri-la Parking Roof Top
The view from Shangri-la’s Suites & Rooms
V. OUTSOURCING GOVERNMENTAL A/C PROJECTS
Governments Benefits
25% Reduction in Capacity Requirements
Reduced Capital Investment
15‐20% Savings in Annual Operating expenses
Reduced Depreciation & Replacement Cost Reduced Depreciation & Replacement Cost
Higher reliability
Long Term Trouble Free Service
Less administrative tasks
New job opportunities for the nationals
V. OUTSOURCING GOVERNMENTAL A/C PROJECTS
How can Governments promote DC
developing Governments Tenders based on EPCO PPPBOOdeveloping Governments Tenders based on EPCO,PPP,BOO
Facilitation of Permits of piping network ,right of ways
Priorities in energy supply &rates (electricity ,fuel)
Developing A/C codes to stipulate efficiencies parameters
Project finance( lending )by Government financial institutions
Adopting electricity variable rates (day/night, ummer/winter)
Leasing Government lands whenever possible
Access to cooling water i e STP effluent Sea water and drainage Access to cooling water i.e. STP effluent ,Sea water and drainage
Incentives to D.C. subscribers
V. DC PROVIDER RESPONSIBILITIES
Investment in Capital to build Plant and Infra‐structure
M h D i d C i f F ili i Manages the Design and Construction of Facilities to meetcustomers requirements
Specialized Operators and Technicians to Monitor andMaintain Equipment Ensuring 24 Hour Service
Back‐up System that Allows uninterrupted Routine Upkeepand Repairand Repair
Assumes all risk
Illustrate a proven Track Record (20+ Operating Plants)p ( p g )
V. DC PROVIDER RESPONSIBILITIES
Partnership approaches
A Clients Invitation through: RFP/IFPA. Clients Invitation through: RFP/IFP
B. Form of agreements: BOO/BOOT/EPCO/Service agreement
C. Compensations: Connection fees/Capacity fees/Usage fees
D. Agreements Term: 20‐25 years in averageg y g
FIELD PIPE LAYING PROCESS
Thank You