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BadmintonSpecial Olympics

Coaching Guide

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BADMINTON COACHING GUIDE

Planning a Badminton Training & Competition Season

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........................Season ..........n Training Se........................ns ............................................................................................................................................

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Season

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Special Oly

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first and mosthe motivatio

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5

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ete�’s needs?

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goals to complete aeach athlete

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9

g Guide Season

petition. Please

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10

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Essent Each traielement session.

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11

g Guide Season

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ing Session

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13

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of s not a head

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14

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llowing quest

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t of the strateels. Competitur schedule a

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25

g Guide Season

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27

g Guide Season

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Teaching Badminton Skills

29 Special Olympics Badminton Coaching Guide - February 2014

Special Olympics Badminton Coaching Guide Teaching Badminton Skills

Table of Contents The Warm Up ...................................................................................................................................................................... 30 The Cool Down................................................................................................................................................................... 32 Dynamic Stretching ........................................................................................................................................................... 33 Safety Concerns ................................................................................................................................................................. 36 Teaching Badminton Skills .............................................................................................................................................. 38 Teaching Strategies and Drills ........................................................................................................................................ 62 Sample Workout ................................................................................................................................................................ 65 Modifications and Adaptations ...................................................................................................................................... 66 Mental Preparation and Training ................................................................................................................................... 66 Cross Training in Badminton ........................................................................................................................................... 67 Home Training Program ................................................................................................................................................... 68

Special Olympics Badminton Coaching Guide - February 2014 30

Special Olympics Badminton Coaching GuideTeaching Badminton Skills

The Warm Up A warm up period is the first part of every badminton training session or preparation for competition. Badminton is a power game that requires quick and powerful movement in all directions in order to return the shuttlecock to the opponents�’ side of the court.

The warm up starts slowly and gradually involves all muscles and body parts. In addition to preparing the athlete mentally, warming up also has physiological benefits. It helps the athlete focus and prepare for the training that is about to begin.

The importance of a warm up prior to exercise cannot be overstressed. Warming up raises the body temperature and prepares the muscles, nervous system, tendons, ligaments, and the cardiovascular system for upcoming stretches and exercises. The chances of injury are greatly reduced by increasing muscle elasticity.

Warming Up:

Raises body temperature

Increases metabolic rate

Increases heart and respiratory rate

Prepares the muscles and nervous system for exercise

The warm up is tailored to the activity to follow. Warm ups consist of active motion leading up to more vigorous motion to elevate heart, respiratory and metabolic rates. The total warm up period takes at least 25 minutes and immediately precedes the training or competition. A warm up period will include the following basic sequence and components.

Activity Purpose Time (minimum) Slow aerobic walk/ fast walk/ run

Heat muscles 5 minutes

Stretching Increase range of movement 10 minutes

Event Specific Drills Coordination preparation for training/competition

10 minutes

Aerobic Warm-Up The aerobic warm-up includes very light activities such as walking, light jogging, walking while doing arm circles, and jumping jacks.

Walking

Walking is the first exercise of an athlete�’s routine. Athletes begin warming the muscles by walking slowly for 3-5 minutes. This circulates the blood through all the muscles, thus providing them greater flexibility for stretching. The sole objective of the warm up is to circulate the blood and warm the muscles in preparation for more strenuous activity.



Running

Running is the next exercise in an athlete�’s routine. Athletes begin warming the muscles by running slowly for 3-5 minutes. This circulates the blood through all the muscles, thus providing them greater flexibility for stretching. The run starts out slowly, and then gradually increases in speed; however, the athlete never reaches even 50 percent of their maximum effort by the end of the run. Remember, the sole objective of this phase of the warm up is circulating the blood and warming the muscles in preparation for more strenuous activity.

Stretching Dynamic stretching is one of the most critical parts of the Warm Up and an athlete�’s performance. A more flexible muscle is a stronger and healthier muscle. A stronger and healthier muscle responds better to exercise and activities and helps prevent injury.

Please refer to the Stretching section for more in depth information.

Event Specific Drills Drills are activities designed to teach sport skills. Progressions of learning start at a low ability level, advance to an intermediate level, and finally, reach a high ability level. Encourage each athlete to advance to their highest possible level. Drills can be combined with the warm-up and lead into specific skill development.

Skills are taught and reinforced through repetition of a small segment of the skill to be performed. Many times, the actions are exaggerated in order to strengthen the muscles that perform the skill. Each coaching session should take the athlete through the entire progression so that he/she is exposed to all of the skills that make up an event.

Specific Warm Up Activities Specific warm up activities for badminton include the following:

1. Slow backwards jog 2. Heel walk while rotating arms 3. Toe walk while rotating shoulders 4. Knee-to chest walk 5. Heel-to-butt walk



The Cool Down The cool down is as important as the warm up, however it is often ignored. Stopping an activity abruptly may cause pooling of the blood and slow the removal of waste products in the athlete's body. It may also cause cramps, soreness, and other problems for Special Olympics athletes. The cool down gradually reduces the body temperature and heart rate and speeds the recovery process before the next training session or competitive experience.

The cool down is also a good time for the coach and athlete to talk about the session or competition.

Activity Purpose Time (minimum) Slow aerobic jog Lowers body temperature

Gradually lowers heart rate

5 minutes

Light stretching Removes waste from muscles 5 minutes

Stretching should be part of the cool down. It is vital after training and prevents the athlete�’s body from becoming tense. It also aids in recovery after training. Stretching prevents injuries and helps make the athlete�’s muscles long and elastic.



Dynamic Stretching Flexibility is critical to an athlete�’s optimal performance in both training and competition. Flexibility is achieved through stretching. Stretching follows an easy aerobic jog at the start of a training session or competition.

Dynamic stretching raises the body temperature by practicing movements associated with a specific sport or workout. It is a series of active muscle movements that allow the athlete to work their muscles but are not held in an end position. Dynamic stretching is critical to an athlete�’s performance and prepares their body for the upcoming activity. It also helps accomplish the following:

Increase power

Improve flexibility

Increase an athlete�’s range of motion

Dynamic stretching is different from ballistic stretching (when a bouncing motion is used to maximize a stretch). Ballistic stretching can be dangerous and result in stretching a muscle too far. This can cause injuries. Dynamic stretching uses controlled leg and arm movements to gently explore a range of motion. It does not stretch the muscles beyond their limits.

Some athletes, like those with Down syndrome, may have low muscle tone that makes them appear more flexible. Be careful to not allow these athletes to stretch beyond a normal, safe range.

Dynamic stretching should be performed after the warm-up and before the practice/training session or competition. The types of movements completed during stretching will depend on the workout for that day. Following are examples of dynamic stretches for badminton. For each movement start out using small movements for the first several repetitions, then slowly increase the range of motion.

Gluteus Maximus Dynamic Stretch

Begin by grabbing the right knee with both hands and pulling it up towards the chest. Do not lock the left knee. Release the right knee and take a big step forward with the right leg. Then lift the left knee with both hands and repeat the same movement.

Leg Swing

This dynamic stretch loosens up the hamstrings. Begin by standing square with a straight posture. March forward by slowing raising/swinging your left leg forward to touch your outstretched left hand while keeping your leg as straight as possible. Step forward and then repeat with your right leg and right hand. Repeat 15 times.



Forward Lunge Stretch

Step forward while bringing one knee up to your chest. Lift onto your toes while you pull the knee into your chest. Stretch the leg forward into a lunge as you place your foot back on the floor. Repeat with the other leg. Repeat 15 times.

Twisting Lower Back Stretch

Stand with your legs wider than shoulder width apart. Bend forward and down, touching your left hand to your right foot while reaching your right hand up over your head. Then twist from your core while still bending over, to touch your right hand to your left foot while swinging your left hand up high over your head. Your head should turn as you swing. Repeat 15 times.



Dynamic Stretching �– Quick Reference Guidelines

Start Relaxed

Do not begin until athletes are relaxed and muscles are warm

Be Systematic

Start at the top of body and work your way down

Progress from General to Specific

Start general, then move into event-specific exercises

Easy Stretching before Developmental

Make slow, progressive stretches

Do not bounce or jerk to stretch farther

Use Variety

Make it fun. Use different exercises to work the same muscles

Breathe Naturally

Do not hold your breath, stay calm and relaxed

Allow for Individual Differences

Athletes start and progress at different levels

Stretch Regularly

Always include time for warm-up and cool-down



Safety Concerns As a coach, you should advise the athlete to eat a healthy balanced diet throughout their training, but it is also important for you to be aware of several conditions that pose a health risk to the athlete.

Dehydration Dehydration is the loss of water and salts essential for normal body function. The basic premise behind dehydration is an inadequate intake of fluids resulting in the body losing more fluid than it takes in. The fluid/salt balance needed to maintain healthy cells and tissues can be seriously disrupted with dehydration. Dehydration can occur in as little at 30 minutes of exercise, especially in hot weather. The body relies on sweating to dissipate the heat generated from working muscles. Sweating also helps to maintain the athlete�’s core body temperature. Allowing the core body temperature to be maintained within a safe range is a key element in preventing heat related injuries which may initially be caused by dehydration. The amount of sweating necessary to sustain heat loss during vigorous exercise inevitably will lead to dehydration unless adequate fluids are ingested. Dehydration will diminish an athlete�’s performance and can lead to death if not corrected. Dehydration is one of the most common factors for heat related sickness such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Both heat exhaustion and heat stroke cause numerous deaths each year. The most serious consequence of dehydration is impaired heat dissipation which can elevate the core body temperature to dangerously high levels resulting in heat exhaustion and potentially fatal heat stroke. Strenuous activity requires adequate fluid/electrolyte replacement or dehydration will occur. Excessive sweating due to climactic conditions and/or intensity of exercise can rapidly dehydrate individuals if corrective measures aren�’t taken. Vomiting, diarrhea, fever, diuretics, illness, a variety of medications such as anti-inflammatories, low fitness levels, sleep deprivation, lack of heat acclimatization, staying in the sun too long, not drinking enough fluids, alcohol and caffeine can all be contributing factors to dehydration. Athletes are at risk for dehydration for any activity lasting longer than 30 minutes. Without proper hydration, the body can quickly lose water and other essential elements running the risk of kidney problems or even death. Children, due to their smaller stature are at an increased risk of developing dehydration. For all athletes, once dehydration starts, the deterioration can be quick.



Signs and Symptoms for Dehydration

Headache Dizziness Confusion Clumsiness Excessive sweating Thirst (this is not a good indicator; usually when the thirst mechanism is activated, dehydration has

already occurred) Dark-colored urine Cramps Reddened skin Weak irregular rapid heart rate Low blood pressure General weakness Feeling cold Rapid and shallow breathing

Steps to Prevent Dehydration

Drink before, during, and after exercise Wear proper clothing for the temperature Be heat acclimatized Avoid certain medications

The best preventative measure to ward off the possibility of becoming dehydrated is to stay hydrated. A good indicator of hydration is the output of large volumes of clear, dilute urine.

Heat Exhaustion Heat exhaustion is characterized by an increase in core body temperature and heart rate. People with heat exhaustion may also exhibit fatigue, weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea (sometimes vomiting), and muscle cramps.

Heat Stroke Heat stroke is characterized by a very high core body temperature, reddened skin and the absence of sweating. Heat stroke is the most dangerous of the heat injuries and can cause a stroke and death if not corrected.



Teaching Badminton Skills The game of badminton is a wonderful sport that requires hand-eye coordination, striking skills, and quick movements with changes of direction in pursuit of the shuttlecock. The following basic skills are vital to the sport:

Grip It is important to start by holding the racket with the correct grip. This enables the athlete to develop sound hitting techniques that will transfer into successful game play. Beginners often grip the racket, as they would hold a frying pan. This is incorrect. In this position, the racket face is parallel to the floor and the V formed between the index finger and thumb is on the top of the racket. Beginners also have difficulty judging the relationship of the head of the racket to the shuttle. Intermediate players are aware of the correct grip and demonstrate a correct shake hands grip position. Intermediate players will consistently be able to hit the shuttle up to themselves 10-20 times in a row. Following are the steps to teaching the Handshake Grip:

1. Hold the racket shaft with the non-dominant hand 2. Place the palm of the dominant hand on the stings of the racket and slide the hand down to the

handle position in a shake hands-like grip 3. Separate the index finger slightly from the rest of the fingers in a trigger-like position 4. The thumb and index finger should form a V at the top of the racket with the head of the racket

perpendicular to the floor (like a chopping wood position) This grip is the basic grip for both the forehand and backhand grip. The main variation to this grip is the movement of the thumb upward along the backside of the racket for backhand strokes.

Grip Drills Shuttle Balance Drill Place a shuttle lying sideways on the strings of the racket and balance it in a stationary position while performing all types of locomotor movements (walk, job, hop, skip, and jump). The handshake grip should be maintained at all times. Partner Tag Drill Play a partner tag game while balancing the shuttle on the racket. For safety, partners should be limted to half of a court.



Toss and Catch Drill With the non-dominant hand, attempt to toss the shuttle and catch it on the racket. Attempt to catch the shuttle on the forehand and backhand side of the racket. Toss the shuttle so that you have to move to catch it on both sides of the racket. Try to catch 10 in a row.

Common Grip Errors

Error Drill/Test Reference

Difficulty judging the relationship of the head of the racket to the shuttle

Toss and Catch Drill

Teaching Tips

1. Give the athletes many opportunities to hold the shuttle on the racket and toss the shuttle to

themselves. It is excellent hand-eye coordination practice and allows you to check grips. 2. If learning the grip is extremely difficult for some athletes, consider using a 10-16 cm (4-6 inch)

foam ball and/or using a shorter length racket.



Skill Progression: Grip

Your Athlete Can: Never Sometimes Often

Hold the racket with the proper handshake grip

Correctly judge the relationship of the head of the racket to the shuttle

Toss the shuttle and catch it on the racket

Catch the shuttle on the forehand and backhand sides of the racket

Totals

Basic Underhand Strokes (Ups to Self) The underhand stroke is vital to the game of badminton since all rallies being with an underhand motion. In many instances, it is easier to learn the underhand motion before teaching athletes how to serve. Beginners may have difficulty judging where the shuttle is relative to the face of the racket. Intermediate players will be relatively successful hitting consistently to themselves.



Underhand Forehand Stroke The steps for teaching the basic underhand forehand stroke are as follows:

1. Place the shuttle on the racket to get a feel for how far out from the body the hitting position is located.

2. With the racket leg forward, toss the shuttle up. Keep the racket leg forward to simulate correct foot position with underhand strokes during game play. The opposite foot forward position is correct for forehand underhand serving technique.

3. Swing the racket back behind your body and then forward to a flat contact position. 4. Follow through so the racket hand finishes up by the opposite ear and the racket head points

straight behind you. Try and make the racket swish.

Underhand Backhand Stroke The steps for teaching the basic underhand backhand stroke are as follows:

1. Place the shuttle on the racket to get a feel for how far out from the body the hitting position is located.

2. With the racket leg forward, toss the shuttle up in the air. 3. Swing the racket back behind the opposite side of your body and then forward to a flat contact

position. 4. Follow through so the racket hand finishes on the racket hand side with the racket pointing

upward. Try to make the racket swish.

Basic Underhand Stroke Drills Solo Ups

1. Place a shuttle on the strings of the racket and hit it straight up repeatedly. 2. Start low and gradually increase the height of the hits. 3. Try to perform on the forehand side and the backhand side of the racket. 4. Attempt to get 10 ups in a row from each side of the racket. 5. Attempt to get 10 ups in a row while alternating forehand and backhand hits.



Partner Ups

1. While facing a partner 3-5 meters (10-16 feet) apart, one partner begins hitting the shuttle up. 2. Alternately, both partners hit ups trying to achieve as many consecutive hits as possible. 3. An excellent partner challenge is 25 consecutive hits. Start with 10 as a goal and work from there.

Common Underhand Stroke Errors


Difficulty judging where the shuttle is relative to the face of the racket.

Solo Ups

Teaching Tips

1. Athletes should be reminded to watch the shuttle all the way into the racket and use a smooth

relaxed swing motion. 2. For both the forehand and backhand underhand strokes, the follow-through should end on the

opposite side from where the stroke began.

Skill Progression: Underhand Strokes


Judge where the shuttle is relative to the face of the racket

Perform a correct underhand forehand stroke

Perform a correct underhand backhand stroke

Totals



Low Short Serves The short serve is effective for starting either a singles or a doubles rally. It has similar mechanics to that of the underhand stroke but must be served cross-court to the diagonal service box. Beginners may have difficulty timing the drop and hit sequence. Intermediate players will be able to consistently strike the shuttle during this drop and hit timing sequence.

Forehand Short Serve Following are steps for teaching the forehand short serve:

1. Stand slightly sideways with the opposite foot of the racket hand forward. 2. Holding the cork of the shuttle with the non-racket hand held across the body and the racket held

back behind the body in a cocked position, drop the shuttle. 3. Swing the racket forward into the contact point that is slightly to the outside of the forward foot. 4. After the racket and shuttle make contact, follow-through will continue toward the opposite side

of the body, but not very far.



Backhand Short Serve

Following are steps for teaching the backhand short serve:

1. The player stands parallel to the net with the feet shoulder width apart. 2. Hold the skirt of the shuttle with the arm in a fixed and slightly bent position at approximately

waist height. 3. Place the racket across the body at a downward angle also in a fixed position. 4. Drop the shuttle and push the racket forward into the shuttle. 5. Follow-through is very minimal due to the light force required.

Low Short Serve Drills Short Serve Target Drill

1. Identify a target area from the short service line plus one foot. 2. Players attempt to practice both forehand and backhand short serves into this space. 3. Use 5 out of 10 as the initial goal. 4. Increase the standard as skills improve.

�“T�” Target Drill

1. Identify the target area that is 30 square cm (1 square foot) using the center line and the short service line as two sides of this square.

2. Initially, the goal would be to hit this target 5 out of 10 times. 3. Increase the standard as skills improve.

Common Low Short Serve Errors


Difficulty timing the drop and hit sequence

Short Serve Target Drill

Teaching Tips

1. Serving can be frustrating for some athletes. Be positive and patient. 2. Allow athletes to experiment and choose which serve (forehand or backhand) they like best.



Skill Progression: Low Short Serves


Time the drop and hit sequence

Properly perform a forehand short serve

Properly perform a backhand short serve

Totals

Ready Position Getting into a proper ready position is essential to maximizing player performance. Beginners will have a tendency to stand with the racket held down below their waist and to stand in a position where their legs are mostly straight. Intermediate to advanced players demonstrate a consistent ready position with the racket held above waist level and their legs and trunk in a flexed position. When teaching the ready position, demonstrate the proper ready position for serving, receiving a serve, and just prior to the opponent returning the shuttle in play situations.

Ready Position Drills Practice correct ready positions with all skill drills and play situations.

Common Ready Position Errors

Error Correction

Standing with the racket held down below the waist

Practice correct positioning with the racket held above waist level

Standing with legs mostly straight

Practice correct positioning with legs flexed



Teaching Tip

Use humor and positive reinforcement to continually remind athletes about the importance of a good ready position.

Skill Progression: Ready Position


Demonstrate the proper ready position for serving

Demonstrate the proper ready position for receiving a serve and just prior to the opponent returning the shuttle in play

Totals

Serve Returns Players must be able to return serves to successfully enjoy game play. Both short and long serve returns are important. Beginners will have difficulty making consistent contact with a served shuttle. Intermediate players will be able to consistently strike the shuttle and return it to the opponent�’s side of the court. Following are the steps for teaching serve returns:

1. The player should stand slightly sideways with the opposite foot of the racket hand forward. 2. As soon as the serve makes contact with the shuttle, the receiver should move in the direction of

the hit. 3. If the shuttle is struck overhead in the net area, simply teach athletes to push forward in the

direction of the shuttle. Adjust how hard the shuttle is stuck to vary the distance of the return and adjust the angle of the racket face to alter the hitting direction.

4. If the shuttle is struck overhead in the back court, execute the appropriate overhead stroke of choice.



Serve Return Drills Short Serve Return Target

1. Identify six target areas as shown in the diagram below. The targets should be large to being with (approximately 1 square meter).

2. Reduce the size of the targets as skills improve. 3. Increase the size of the targets if limited success is evident. 4. One partner serves while the other partner attempts to return the serve into the six different

targets. 5. Athletes should try to hit one target several times before moving to the next target. 6. After a 40-60 percent success rates with most of the targets, challenge the athletes to hit a

different target after each practice serve to judge control.

Target Areas Long Serve Return Target Use the same target drill as the short serve return target drill previously described for use with clear, drop, and smash returns.



Common Serve Return Error


Difficulty making consistent contact with a served shuttle

Short Serve Return Target and Long Serve Return Target

Teaching Tips

1. Serve and serve-return practice should be part of every practice session. If players and doubles teams cannot get the shuttle into play, playing success becomes very difficult. Insert serve/serve return practice at random intervals during practice sessions to allow for rest from vigorous drills.

2. Use serve and serve-return practice at the beginning and end of practices. Include a small group serve/serve return target contest for motivational purposes.

Skill Progression: Serve Returns


Make consistent contact with a served shuttle

Return the shuttle to the opposite side of the court

Totals



Underhand Net Rally The underhand net rally enables athletes to hit soft shots at the net. Beginners have a tendency to hit the shuttle excessively high over the net and also deeper into the court than needed. Intermediate players demonstrate control at keeping the shuttle lower to the net and mostly in front of the service line. Following are steps to teach underhand net rallies:

1. Use a shake hands grip. 2. Always try to contact the shuttle as close to the top of the net as possible. 3. Step forward with the racket leg. 4. Use either a short or no-back-swing stroke to strike the shuttle softly over the net. More back

swing is required the farther away from the net the shuttle is contacted.

Underhand Net Rally Drills Straight Ahead Tossed Shuttle

1. Partners stand across the net from each other. 2. Using one shuttle, one partner tosses the shuttle over the net to his or her partner, who attempts

to return the shuttle with a net drop. Random Tossed Shuttle This drill is the same as the straight ahead tossed shuttle drill, except that the partner who tosses the shuttle can do so over the net anywhere inside the sidelines and in front of the service line. Cooperative Net Rally

1. One partner begins a rally with a short serve. 2. Both partners attempt to hit consecutive underhand net rallies, staying between the net and the

short service line. 3. The rally continues until one partner misses. 4. Establish individual records to chart skill progress.

Competitive Net Rally Game This drill is the same as the cooperative net rally, except that each partner tries to win each rally instead of keeping it alive.



Common Underhand Net Rally Errors


Hitting the shuttle too high Cooperative Net Rally DrillHitting the shuttle too deep into the court

Cooperative Net Rally Drill

Teaching Tip Underhand net rallies can be a lot of fun. Use a blend of practice, cooperative, and competitive net rally drills to add variety and challenge to these skill practice opportunities.

Skill Progression: Underhand Net Rally


Hit the shuttle at the correct height over the net

Hit the shuttle into the proper location on the opponent�’s side of the court (not too deep)

Totals



High Deep Serve High, deep services (also called long serves) are used in both singles and doubles play. The ability to get the shuttle deep is helpful for competitive success. Beginners may have difficulty getting the shuttle much past the middle of the court. Intermediate players can serve the shuttle to a minimum height of approximately 3 meters (10 feet) in the air and consistently hit the shuttle near or beyond the long service line for doubles. Following are steps to teach the high deep serve:

1. Stand in a stride position with the non-racket foot forward. 2. Assume a ready position with the racket back behind the body and the wrist cocked, 3. Hold the shuttle across and in front of the body at waist height with the non-racket hand. 4. As the shuttle is dropped, start a smooth and continuous underhand swing. 5. The racket should contact the shuttle even with the forward foot at approximately knee level. 6. Follow through with the racket both forward and up in the direction of the opposite shoulder.

High Deep Serve Drills Hit the Wall

1. Players stand 1.75-2.5 meters (6-8 feet) from the flat wall and attempt long serves using strong force.

2. Coaches can observe for correct technique in a relatively short period of time. 3. Athletes can execute multiple serves for execution and strength work. 4. A tape line at 1.5 meters (5 feet) is helpful to visualize the net level.

Deep Serve Target Practice

1. Identify a target space in the last 1.5 meters (5 feet) of the court. Players should be challenged to hit seven out of 10 serves into this deep space with a minimum of 3 meters (10 feet) height on each serve.

2. For additional difficulty, place a 60 cm (2 foot) square target in the middle of the deep target area as the best space to aim for.



Common High Deep Serve Error


Difficulty getting the shuttle much past the middle of the court

Deep serve target practice drill

Teaching Tip Deep serves can be difficult to achieve. Be patient. Allow for success by using a shorter length target as the initial goal for athletes who are experiencing difficulty at hitting the shuttle deep when serving.

Skill Progression: High Deep Serve


Get the shuttle past the middle of the court

Totals



Forehand Overhead Clear The forehand overhead clear is probably one of the most important skills of the game after the serve. The ability of a player to keep the opponent deep the backcourt is an extremely valuable skill. Beginners will not use a mature throwing motion during execution of the overhead clear stroke. Also beginners will have extreme difficulty hitting the shuttle past mid-court. Intermediate players will demonstrate several sound throwing mechanics while hitting the overhead clear. They will also have the strength and timing to consistently hit the shuttle to the mid-court area and beyond.

Following are steps for teaching the forehand overhead clear:

1. Set up to a side to the net hitting position between the baseline and the mid-court position. 2. Point the non-racket hand toward the oncoming shuttle. 3. Push with the back leg forward and upward into the hit. 4. Rotate the trunk and extend the arm leading with the elbow into the hit. 5. Contact the shuttle at full body and arm extension. 6. Follow through to the opposite side of the body.



Forehand Overhead Clear Drills Distance Hits One partner serves a high serve to his/her partner, who attempts to hit the shuttle, using the forehand overhead stroke, as far as possible. A minimum height of 3 meters (10 feet) is suggested. Cooperative Overhead Rally Partners attempt to initiate and maintain consecutive overhead rallies. Clear Battle Partners hit overhead clears as far as possible in an attempt to force their partner to be unable to clear the shuttle back over the net. This drill encourages high and deep hits to help develop strength and timing relative to overhead clears.

Rope Drills Stretch a rope across the court at a height of 3 meters (10 feet) midway between the service line and the baseline (use two additional standards if necessary). This gives the players a visual for how high and deep the serve and clears should be during play.

Common Forehand Overhead Clear Error

Error Correction Drill/Test Reference

Not using a mature throwing motion

N/A Clear Battle Drill

Teaching Tip All overhead stroking patterns should depict a sound overhead throwing motion. If athletes have difficulty throwing an object using a mature overhead throwing pattern, consider allocating some time in practice to play catch with the shuttles to practice good throwing mechanics.

Skill Progression: Forehand Overhead Clear


Use a mature throwing motion

Totals



Forehand Overhead Drop A player who is deep in the court uses the forehand overhead drop. It is a good strategy because it draws the opponent close to the net, which creates open space in the backcourt. Beginners will remain in a square shoulder position to the net instead of turning their shoulder, consistent to a good throwing motion. Intermediate players will demonstrate a good shoulder turn, like the overhead clear, and they will begin to show consistent placement of the drop shot into the front half of the court. Following are steps to teach the forehand overhead drop: Teach the forehand overhead drop the same way the forehand overhead clear is taught, however, the follow-through is shorter, and the position of the racket at contact is slightly behind the contact point for the clear.

Forehand Overhead Drop Drills Bucket of Drops One partner has a large volume of used shuttles that he/she serves one at a time to his/her partner. The partner receiving the serve attempts to hit overhead drop shots into the target area market on the opposite side of the net. A hula-hoop is an excellent visual target and it can be moved to vary the challenge for different skill levels. Keep the Drops Going Partners attempt to maintain an underhand clear (beginning with the serve)/overhead drop shot in a cooperative rally. Players should switch roles frequently.

Common Forehand Overhand Drop Errors


Remaining in a square shoulder position to the net rather than turning the shoulder

Practice correct throwing motion

Keep the Drops Going Drill

Inconsistent placement of the drop shot

N/A Bucket of Drops Drill



Teaching Tip Drop shots can be hit slow or fast. Slow drop shots should land very close to the net, and fast drop shots land somewhere within 1.25 meters (4 feet) from the service line. Both shots can be practiced for variety and skill development needs.

Skill Progression: Forehand Overhand Drop


Perform a correct and consistent throwing motion

Consistently place the drop shot into the front half of the court

Totals

Forehand Overhead Smash The forehand overhead smash should be used to end the point. It is also called a kill shot. It should be used when the opponent is forced to return a shuttle in the mid-court area and/or closer to the net. Occasionally, it should be used nearer the backcourt as an element of surprised. The use of the smash is a good tactic to produce a decisive winner or to create unforced errors. Beginners lack angle and power with this stroke and they have difficulty making consistent contact with the shuttle. Intermediate players begin to develop both consistent power and angle with this stroke. They also begin to develop directional control. Following are steps for teaching the forehand overhead smash: The steps for teaching the forehand overhead smash are similar to those for teaching the forehand overhead clear, however, the position of the racket at contact is slightly farther forward to generate the appropriate smash angle. The angle of the racket face at contact is critical for the three basic shots of badminton including the clear, the drop, and the smash.



Forehand Overhead Smash Drills

Bucket of Smashes

The bucket of smashes drill is the same as the bucket of drops drill except that the hitter smashes instead of hitting the drops. The target area for smashes is from mid-court to the baseline. The serve setup for the smash should begin close in toward the net and be moved back gradually as players experience smash shot success. The server should stand off to the side of the court for this drill.

Clear-Smash-Block

As players become more consistent at hitting smashes, this is a good challenge. The first hit is an underhand clear, followed by a smash directly at the opponent, returned with a block shot (soft return toward the net area). Players can stop after this three hit sequence or try to keep it going until one player is unable to return the shuttle.

Common Forehand Overhand Smash Errors


Difficulty making consistent contact with the shuttle

N/A Bucket of Smashes Drill

Teaching Tips Remember to encourage that the angle of the smash is equally important to power.

Skill Progression: Forehand Overhand Smash


Consistently make contact with the shuttle

Demonstrate consistent power and angle

Totals



Backhand Overhead Clear This skill should be used mostly when an opponent hits the shuttle too deep to the backhand corner. It is an extremely difficult shot to hit deep for most players. Practice the backhand clear, but continue to encourage forehand hitting whenever possible for beginner and intermediate players. Beginners will have extreme difficulty making solid contact with this stroke in the overhead area. Intermediate players will begin to make consistent contact but still have difficulty generating sufficient power for good deep hits. Following are steps for teaching the backhand overhead clear:

1. Begin with the racket side turned toward the net. As players experience success, they gradually move to a position with their back facing the net to hit overhead backhand clears.

2. Place the elbow high with the racket and racket hand well below the starting elbow position. 3. Push off the back leg and extend the arm into the hit (the arm should rotate outward or supinate

into the hit). 4. Contact the shuttle with a full body arm extension. 5. The follow-through is minimal with the racket head continuing after contact with the shuttle.

Unlike the forehand clear follow-through, the backhand follow-through does not come across and down.

Drills The same drills can be used for the backhand overhead clear as the forehand overhead clera.

Common Backhand Overhead Clear Errors

Not making solid contact with this stroke in the overhead area

Teaching Tip Players who experience a great deal of difficulty with the stroke should be encouraged to practice hitting backhand overhead drops more often to encourage execution over power. Remember to watch for and help athletes use forearm rotation for both the forehand (pronation) and backhand (supination) strokes.



Skill Progression: Backhand Overhead Clear


Make solid contact with the shuttle using this stroke

Make consistent contact with the shuttle using this stroke

Totals

Backhand Overhead Drop Players of all abilities can learn to hit backhand overhead drops with success. It is a shot that is used when the opponent hits the shuttle to the backhand side of the court somewhere between the mid-court and the baseline. This shot can help change a player�’s defensive position (in trouble) to an offensive position (forcing a weak hit return from the opponent). Beginners will have extreme difficulty making solid contact with this stroke in the overhead area. Intermediate players will begin to make consistent contact but still have difficulty with accurate placement close to the net. Teaching this skill is similar to teaching the backhand overhead clear, however, the contact point is slightly farther back than in the backhand clear, and the racket head speed generated into the hit is greatly reduced. Drills The same drills as the forehand overhead drop can be used for this skill.

Common Backhand Overhead Drop Errors

Difficulty making solid contact with this stroke

Teaching Tip Of all the backhand overhead strokes, the backhand drop will be the easiest for players to learn. Use the success from this stroke to encourage gains with the backhand clear and smash.



Skill Progression: Backhand Overhead Drop


Make solid contact with this stroke in the overhead area

Make consistent contact with this stroke

Totals

Forehand and Backhand Drive These shots are used to put pressure on the opponent in the form of hard flat shots when the shuttle is hit relatively flat to the mid-court area. Beginners will have a tendency to hit this shuttle too high above the net and with minimal force. Intermediate players will begin to show more consistent flat hit trajectory and power with this stroke. Forehand Drive Following are steps for teaching the forehand drive:

1. Players should be positioned with their racket foot forward and to the side of the court. 2. The arm action is like a sidearm throwing motion with the forearm turned to a palm-up (supinated)

position. 3. The forearm (pronate) rotates into the hitting position, which is at a point close to the position of

the forward leg and approximately net height or higher. 4. The follow-through goes across the body sideways as the forearm continues to pronate.

Backhand Drive Following are steps for teaching the backhand drive:

1. Players should be positioned with their racket foot forward and to the side of the court. 2. The arm action is like a sidearm throwing motion with the forearm turned to a palm down

(pronated) position. 3. The forearm (supinate) rotates into the hitting position, which is at a point close to the position of

the forward leg and approximately net height or higher. 4. The follow-through goes across the body sideways as the forearm continues to supinate.



Forehand and Backhand Drive Drills Bucket of Shuttles This drill is the same as other stroke practices except players should be moving from the home position to the side and slightly forward to practice this shot. Forehand to Forehand Drives Players position themselves so that their forehands are straight in line with each other. One player begins the rally with a mid-court serve. Both players try to maintain drive hits straight ahead for as many consecutive rallies as possible. The focus is on flat trajectories and power.

Common Forehand and Backhand Drive Errors


Hitting the shuttle too high above the net

Bucket of Shuttles Drill

Hitting the shuttle with minimal force

Forehand to Forehand Drives Drill

Teaching Tip Isolate the forehand and backhand drive shot practice early on, but gradually mix the two shots up into the same drill practice to give athletes a sense of what will occur during games and competitions.

Skill Progression: Forehand and Backhand Drive


Hit the shuttle at the appropriate height

Show consistent flat trajectory and power

Totals



Teaching Strategies and Drills

Singles Strategies

Assume a good ready position. Keep the bird in play. Hit to opponent�’s backhand when possible. Move your opponent long and short more than left and right.

Doubles Strategies

Assume a good ready position. Keep the bird in play (minimize serve and ser ve return errors). Smash with all good opportunities. Hit deep clears when in trouble.

Drills/Activities for Singles

Low Ability Level

1. Solo hits up in the air to self. 2. Partner hits up in the air cooperatively. 3. Partner hits back and forth (with or without a net) cooperatively. 4. Partner ser ve and return practice (with and without targets for varied practice/challenge).

Tossed shuttle drills�– These can be used for a variety of skill drills depending on who becomes the control tosser. The idea here is for a partner or a coach to have 10-20 birds ready to feed to the hitter. The hitter may be asked to practice underhand net drops into a given target. This gives lots of repetition and opportunity for coaching pointers/feedback.



Intermediate and Advanced Ability Levels Athletes who will compete in singles and/or doubles events will need to possess the basic skills in a variety of combinations for successful participation. The following practice drills are helpful as athletes prepare for competition.

1. 1 x 3 Drill (Clear; Drop; Drop; Drop)�– This drill begins with an underhand clear, followed by an overhead drop, net drop, net drop. Then, the pattern repeats itself. The longer players can keep this going, the better for footwork and stroke practice.

2. 3 x 2 Drill (Clear; Clear; Clear; Drop; Drop)�– This drill begins with an underhand clear, followed by an overhead clear, overhead clear, overhead drop, net drop. Pattern repeats.

3. Smash/Block Drill�– This drill begins with an underhand clear (to half court), followed by a smash at the server, and followed by a block shot (to net area on opposite side of the net). Sequence is repeated.

4. Net Play Competition�– Players play a net game only. Only short serves are allowed, and only underhand hits are allowed. Players can use either rally scoring or regular scoring. All hits must land in the space between the net and the service line to be in play. Side boundaries can be identified as either the singles or doubles sidelines.

5. Drive Drill with Drop Option�– Players initiate drive shots with an underhand serve. Repeat drive shots by both players. At any point after two drives, either player can execute a soft drop shot. Once the drop shot is hit, the remaining shots must be drops until the rally ends.

6. One Player Clear Drop Option; One Player Clear Only�– For this drill, one player must clear all the time while the opponent has the option to clear or drop.

7. One Player Clear, Drop, Smash Option; One Player Clear Only�– Same as drill 6 except the addition of the smash option.

8. One Player Drop Only; One Player Clear Drop Option�– Similar to 6 and 7, except drop shots for one player is the constant.

9. One Player Drop Only; One Player Clear; Drop; Smash Option�– Same as Drill 8 except the addition of the smash option.

10. All drills above can have a forehand and/or a backhand practice focus if needed. 11. Create your own drill to match the practice needs of your athletes.

Drills/Activities for Doubles

Low Ability Level

1. Have teams assume the correct starting positions for serve and ser ve return in doubles. 2. Conduct a variety of two-hit rally combinations and teach court coverage. 3. Conduct a variety of three-hit rally combinations and teach court coverage. 4. Continue with four-hit rally combination and more, as players are ready. 5. Play doubles points and teach serving rotation and scoring.

Intermediate Level

1. Have one team serve long and hit only defensive shots (mostly clears) from a side by side position. Their opponents hit only attacking shots (mostly smashes and drops) from an up and back position. It is a good tactic to play side by side as a doubles team when defending smashes and drop shots. Likewise, it is a good tactic to play up and back as a doubles team when attacking with smashes and drops.

2. Repeat drill 1 but teach how to change the attack using a block shot (drive shot). 3. Teach players how to move from a side to side position to an up and back position during play

situations. Play practice points to help visualize the rotational concept.



Coaches Tips for Badminton �– At-A-Glance

Tips for Practice

Simulate competitions

Deliver clear and specific instructions

Begin with the easiest drills and progress step by step to the most difficult

Make sure your athletes understand your instructions and methods of teaching

Emphasize safety at all times

Tips for Competition

Encourage the athlete every moment

Never expose an athlete to or tolerate any behavior that would cause disqualification

Teach the athlete the proper way to compete and good etiquette for following rules and instructions from judges

Teach your athletes to respect opponents and teammates

Respect coaches opinions and decisions



Sample Workout Specific workouts depend on the individual preparedness of the athlete. Typically, a general program should be followed and adapted to the individual needs of the athlete. Sample of a typical workout Duration Practice Progression Tasks/Drills5-10 Minutes Easy hitting protocol (used in every practice to get started) 5-10 Minutes Dynamic stretching protocol (used in every practice) 10-15 Minutes Skill review, drills, play experience/fun challenges20-30 Minutes New skills, drills, play experiences/fun challenges5-10 Minutes Fitness drills/fun fitness challenges5-10 Minutes Cool-down stretches5-10 Minutes Questions and Answers5 Minutes Announcements



Modifications and Adaptations In competition, it is important that the rules not be changed to suit athletes�’ special needs. There are, however, a limited number of approved modifications to badminton rules that do accommodate the athlete�’s special needs and are permitted. However, coaches can modify the training exercises, the athlete�’s special needs, and their communication and sport equipment to assist athletes in achieving success.

Modifying Exercises Modify the skills involved in an exercise so that all athletes can participate.

Accommodating an Athlete�’s Special Needs Some examples of ways to accommodate an athlete�’s special needs include:

Use the sound of a bell for visually impaired athletes

Use special sounds for visually impaired athletes

Use flags with colors for hearing impaired

Establish hand signals for hearing impaired athletes

Modifying Your Communication Method Different athletes require different communications systems. For example, some athletes learn and respond better to demonstrated exercises, whereas others require greater verbal communication. Some athletes may need a combination �– to see, hear and even read a description of the exercise or skill.

Mental Preparation and Training Mental training is important for the athlete, whether striving to do his or her personal best or competing against others. Mental imagery, what Bruce D. Hale of Penn State calls �”No Sweat Practice,�” is very effective. The mind cannot tell the difference between what is real and what is imagined. Practice is practice, regardless of whether it is mental or physical.

Ask the athlete to sit in a relaxed position, in a quiet place with few distractions. Tell the athlete to close their eyes and picture performing a particular skill. Each is seeing themself on a large movie screen on a badminton court. Walk them through the stages step by step. Use as much detail as possible, using words to elicit all the senses - sight, hearing, touch, and smell. Ask the athlete to repeat the image, picture rehearsing the skills successfully.

The thought behind this is that the body goes where your mind goes. Thought is energy and energy is action. The athlete can make things happen first in his/her mind and then physically.

Some athletes need help to start the process. Others will learn to practice this way on their own. The link between performing the skills in the mind and performing the skills on the court may be hard to explain. However, the athlete who repeatedly imagines themself correctly completing a skill and believing it to be true is more likely to make it happen. Whatever goes into one�’s mind and one�’s heart comes out in their actions.



Cross Training in Badminton

Cross training is a modern day term which refers to the substitution of skills other than the skills directly involved in the performance of an event. Cross training came about as a result of injury rehabilitation and is now also used in injury prevention. When runners sustain injuries in the legs or feet that keeps them from running, other activities can be substituted so that the athlete can keep up his/her aerobic and muscular strength.

There is a limited value and cross over to the specific exercise. A reason to "cross train" is to avoid injury and maintain muscular balance during a period of intense sport specific training. One of the keys to success in sport is staying healthy and training over the long haul. Cross training allows athletes to do event-specific training workouts with greater enthusiasm and intensity, or less risk of injury.

Cross training is a good idea for badminton players as well as for all athletes. There are several sports that use some of the same skills and muscle groups as badminton. Fun activities such as bicycling, running, in-line skating, hiking, and walking can improve your overall fitness and thereby help your badminton games. Sports that use hand-eye coordination can improve badminton skills. Examples are baseball, tennis, squash, racquetball, fencing, and volleyball.



Home Training Program The skills of badminton are difficult to practice in the home setting because most athletes will not have a gym available to them at home. However, there are times during many days where the wind is calm, and some badminton related skills can be practiced. The following skill and fitness activities are encouraged for the badminton athlete. Skills Activities:

1. Hit ups to self using both forehand and backhand strokes (record your best score every day each week)

2. Hit long serves for distance. Record the number of total attempts each day. Twenty-five serves every day is a good goal.

3. Perform underhand rallies with a partner. Record your highest number every day. 4. Perform overhand rallies with a partner. Record your highest number every day.

Fitness Activities:

1. Go out for 20 minutes, walking, jogging, in-line skating, or cycling every day. Variety is healthy. 2. Jump rope with a friend and take turns starting with 1-2 minute intervals. Build up to 5-10 minutes

of continuous jumping. 3. Mark off the dimensions of a badminton court and move through the four-corner movement

pattern. Progress from slow speed to medium speed to fast speed at 1-2 minute intervals Build up to perform the following workout sequence after a good warm-up and dynamic stretching period:

3-minute slow speed 2-minute medium speed 1-minute fast speed

Build up so you can repeat the above cycle three times for an excellent workout specific to badminton fitness. Athletes should attempt to complete one fitness activity daily when not the same day as a team practice session and record what they did.


Badminton Rules, Protocol & Etiquette

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de - February 20

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en the singlesnon-dominan

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83

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Term

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Transcript of 0$*%,1.)*(2'1.34%#+badminton derstanding arning to pla aking decisio arning the sa arning badm rm...

0$%,1.)(2'1.34%#+badminton derstanding arning to pla aking decisio arning the sa arning badm rm...

Transcript of 0$%,1.)(2'1.34%#+badminton derstanding arning to pla aking decisio arning the sa arning badm rm...