01. Piping Material 기초
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2005 11 29
PIPING ENGINEERING TEAM
:
PIPING MATERIAL
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PAGE : 2 OF 44
PIPING MATERIAL PART 2 MATERIAL
1. Piping Material
1.2ASTM Material
1.3 Applicable ASTM Specification
1.4 Pipe
1.1 Material
2.
2.1 Aluminum (Al) 2.2 Carbon (C)
2.3 Calcium (Ca) 2.4 Chromium (Cr)
2.5 Hydrogen (H) 2.6 Manganese (Mn)
2.7 Molybdenum (Mo) 2.8 Oxygen (O)
2.9 Phosphorous (P) 2.10 Sulfur (S)
2.11 Silicon (Si)
CONTENTS
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PAGE : 3 OF 44
PIPING MATERIAL PART 2 MATERIAL
3. (Heat Treatment)
3.2 Tempering (, : )
3.3 Normalizing (, : )
3.4 Annealing (, : )
3.1 Quenching (
,
:
)
3.5 Solution Treatment (
)
3.6 Stabilizing Treatment ()
CONTENTS
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1. Piping Materials
1.1 Material
Piping Material Metal Non-Metal.
1.1.1 Metal
Metal Ferrous Material () Nonferrous ()
.
1.1.1.1 Ferrous Materials ()
Fe 50%.
a. Cast Iron (
) 2 ~ 4%(Iron).
Cast Iron.
PART 2 MATERIAL: 1.1 Material (1)
PAGE : 4 OF 44
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PART 2 - MATERIAL : 1.1 Material (2)
PAGE : 5 OF44
- White Cast Iron (
)
Cast Iron Carbon (C) Silicon (Si) C
Si
Cementite (Fe3C)
Cast Iron
.
.
- Malleable Cast Iron ()
(White Heart) (Black Heart) 2,
Carbon
.
Cementite(Fe3C) Graphite
..
- Gray Cast Iron ()
(Flake Graphite)
(Fraction)..
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PART 2 - MATERIAL : 1.1 Material (3)
PAGE : 6 OF44
- Ductile(Nodular) Cast Iron (
)
Graphite.
(S)(Pig Iron) Ce (Cerium)
0.02% Mg (Magnesium) 0.04%
(Fe-Si)0.04%
Cast
Iron. 70 kg/mm2,
.
c. Steel ()
- 0.01 ~2% Carbon 0.25% Mn (Manganese)
Fe (
)
.- P (Phosphorous,) S (Sulfur,)
.
-Alloy Steel ().
b. Cast Steel ()
2%(Steel).
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d. Low Alloy Steel (
)
- Ni (Nickel), Cr (Chrome), V (Vanadium), W (Tungsten),
Cb (Columbium) 12% Steel ()
.
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 7 OF 44
1.1 Material (4)
e. Elevated Temperature Steel ()
- Low Alloy.
- Cr (Chrome)
Mo (Molybdenum)
.
- 650 Deg.C.
e. Stainless Steel (High Al loy Steel)
- 12% Cr (Chrome) .
- 410SS (13Cr, Martensite), 430SS (18Cr , Ferri te),
304SS/316SS (18Cr-8Ni, Austenite), 631SS (16Cr-7Ni-1Al,
Martensite + Austenite)
.
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3.1.1.3
Si (Sil icon), Ti, Zr
(Deoxidation)
.
Kil led Steel (), Semi-Killed Steel ()
Rimmed Steel (
)
.
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 8 OF 44
1.1 Material (5)
3.1.1.2 Nonferrous Materials (
)
Fe 50%.
a. Cu (Copper) and Cu Alloys (UNS* Cxxxxx)
b. Al (Aluminum) and Al Alloys (UNS Axxxxx)c. Ni (Nickel) and Ni Alloys (UNS Nxxxxx)
d. Ti (Titanium) and Ti Al loys
e. Zr (Zirconium) and Zr Alloys
f. Mn (Manganese) and Mn Alloys
* UNS : Unif ied Numbering System (See Att# 1M)
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3.1.2 Plastic
(Polymer).
Plastic
.
- Polyethylene (PE)
- Rigid Poly vinyl Chloride (PVC)
- Chlorinated Poly vinyl Chloride (CPVC)
- Polypropylene (PP)
3.1.2 Ceramics & Glasses
Sea Water
GRP (GlassFiber Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe).
,.
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 9 OF 44
1.1 Material (6)
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1.2
ASTM Materials
Material Pipe, EFW Pipe, Plate, Wrought Fitting,
Forging, Casting, Bolt/Nut .
1.2.1 Pipe
1.2.1.1 A53 Gr.B
a. Seamless ERW (Electric Resistance Welded).
b.
.
c. Killed 399 Deg.C.
e. SMLS
Manufacturer
A106 Gr.B
API 5L Gr.B Requirement.
f. 24.
d. 399 Deg.C Graphitization*.
* Graphit ization () : Cementite**
. ** Cementite :
(Fe3C)
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 10 OF 44
1.2.1 Pipe (1)
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1.2.1.2 A106 Gr.B
a. Seamless Si-Killed Steel.
b. 454 Deg.C Graphitization .
c. Carbon
Max. 0.30%
.d. Temperature 29 Deg.C ~ 0 Deg.C
A53 Gr.B A106 Gr.B.
1.2.1.3 API 5L Gr.B
a. Line Pipe.
b. Carbon Max. 0.26%.
c. Product Specification Level (PSL).
d. PSLPSL1 PSL2 PSL2 Carbon Content,
Carbon Equivalent, Impact Test, Repair Requirement
PSL1 Severe.
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 11 OF 44
1.2.1 Pipe (2)
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1.2.1.4 A333 Gr.6
a. Low Temperature Carbon Steel . (-45 Deg.C )
b. Si Min. 0.1% Killed Steel.
c. Impact Test
Material
.
1.2.1.5 A335 Gr.P11
a. 1.1/4Cr-2Mo Low Alloy Steel.
b. Cr. Graphitization,
High Pressure Steam.
c. Pipe Thickness Heat Treatment
Radiography Test
.
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 12 OF 44
1.2.1 Pipe (3)
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1.2.1.6 A312a. Type 304, 316, 304H, 316H, 304L, 316L, 317, 321, 347
.
b. 304L, 316L, 321 Condition.
c. 304H, 316H Carbon
(0.04 ~ 0.1%).
254 Deg.C 816 Deg.C.
(304H 316H Type254 Deg.C 538 Deg.C)
d. 304 316 Carbon 0.01~0.08%.
304L/316L (C : Max. 0.035%) 304H/316H (0.04~0.10%)
.
e. 316L, 316H, 317 Mo ConditionPitting
.
f. Stainless Steel Chloride Sulf ide Stress
Cracking (SSC)
.
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 13 OF 44
1.2.1 Pipe (4)
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1.2.1.7 B165 UNS* N04400 : Monel 400a.,, Organic Acid (). Caustic
.
b.198 Deg.C 816 Deg.C.
c. H2S 260 Deg.C. (Crack )
1.2.1.8 B407 (SMLS), B514 (Welded) UNS N08800 : Incoloy 800
a. 300 Stainless Steel Chloride SSC
.
b.198 Deg.C 816 Deg.C.
c. Solution Annealing.
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 14 OF44
1.2.1 Pipe (5)
* UNS : Unified Numbering System
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1.2.1.9 B464 UNS N08020 : Alloy 20
a. Stabilized Annealing .
b.198 Deg.C 437 Deg.C.
c.
E-320 or ER-320
.
1.2.1.10 B167 (SMLS), B517 (Welded) UNS N06600 : Inconel 600
a., Condition
.
b.198 Deg.C 649 Deg.C.
d. Max. 538 Deg.C Stress Reliving .
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 15 OF44
1.2.1 Pipe (6)
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1.2.1.11 B622 (SMLS), B619 (Welded) UNS N10665 : Hastelloy B-2a. HCI ().
b. HCI Gas,,.
c.
198 Deg.C
427 Deg.C
.
d. PWHT.
e. Manufacturer. Hastelloy C-276
.
1.2.1.12 B622 (SMLS), B619 (Welded) UNS N10276 : Hastelloy C-276
a. Hastelloy B-2.
b.198 Deg.C 676 Deg.C.
c. Acid Ferric Chloride
.
d. Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC),
.
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 16 OF 44
1.2.1 Pipe (7)
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1.2.2 EFW (Electric Fusion Welded) Pipe
1.2.2.1 A672
a. Carbon Steel EFW Pipe.
b. Pipe Grade
B55, B60,B65, B70, C55, C60, C65, C70 .
6 0BType of Steel
A : Plain Carbon
B : Plain Carbon, Killed
C : Plain Carbon, Ki lled, Fine Grain
D : Manganess-Silicon
E, H, J, K, L, N
Tensile Strength
60 : 60 ~ 80 ksi
65 : 65 ~ 85 ksi
70 : 70 ~ 90 ksi
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 17 OF 44
1.2.2 EFW Pipe (1)
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c. Class
10, 11, 12, 13, 20, 21, 22, 23 ~ 50, 51, 52, 53
.
21Heat Treatment
1 : None
2 : Stress Relived
3 : Normalized
4 : Normalized and Tempered
5 : Quenched and Tempered
Radiography
0 : None None
Pressure test
1 : Full Length RT None
2 : Full Length RT Pressure Test
3 : None Pressure Test
1.2.2.2 A671
a. Low Temperature Carbon Steel EFW Pipe.
b. Pipe Grade
CB55, CB60,
CB65, CB70, CC55, CC60, CC65, CC70 .
c. ClassA671 60 ~ 63, 70 ~ 73.
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 18 OF 44
1.2.2 EFW Pipe (2)
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1.2.2.3 A358
a. Carbon & Low Alloy Steel EFW Pipe.
b. Grade 304, 304L, 304H, 316, 316L, 316H, 321, 347, 348
.
- Class 1 : Double Welded by filler metal, Fully RT
c. Class Class 1 5.
- Class 2 : Double Welded by f iller metal
- Class 3 : Single Welded by filler metal, Fully RT
- Class 4 : Class 3Weld Pass Pipe Inside
Surface.
- Class 5 : Double Welded by fil ler metal, Spot RT
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 19 OF 44
1.2.2 EFW Pipe (3)
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1.2.3 Plate
PlateWelded Pipe Figure-8 Blank, Paddle
Space & Blank.
ASTM Designation
3.3
Applicable ASTM Specification
.
1.2.4 Wrought Fitting
Wrought Fitting Material Carbon & Low
AlloyA234 (WPB, WP11), Low Temperature Carbon
SteelA420-WPL6, StainlessA403.
Carbon Steel 16 SMLSWelded
Stainless
.
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 20 OF 44
1.2.3 Plate & 3.2.4 Wrought Fitting
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1.2.5 Forging
Forging Flange, Forged Fitting, Forged Valve
.
Material
Carbon Steel
A105, Stainless & Low Alloy Steel
A182, Low Temperature Carbon SteelA350-LF2
.
FlangeASME CL150 1000 Deg.F (538 Deg.C)
, CL150
Class
1000 Deg.F
304SS, 316SS, 317SS Carbon Content 0.04%
.
MaterialASME B16.5 Table 2 Note
.
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 21 OF 44
1.2.5 Forging
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1.2.6 Casting Casting Valve.
Material Carbon SteelA216-WCB, Low Alloy Steel
A217, Stainless SteelA351, Low Temperature Carbon Steel
A352-LCB.
1.2.6 Bolt / Nut
Material Service Bolt / Nut Material.
a. For Carbon Steel : A193 Gr. B7 / A194 Gr. 2H
b. For Low Alloy Steel : A193 Gr. B16 / A194 Gr. 4
c. For Austenitic Stainless Steel: A193 Gr. B8 / A194 Gr. 8
d. For Wet H2S Service (NACE MR0103) : A193 Gr. B7M / A194 Gr. 2HMe. For Low Temperature Carbon Steel : A320 Gr. L7 / A194 Gr. 7
Flange C/S, S/S, Low A/SA193 Gr. B7 /
A194 Gr. 2H.
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 22 OF 44
1.2.6 Casting & 1.2.6 Bolt / Nut
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PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 23 OF 44
1.3 Applicable ASTM Specification (1)
Note 1A213-T12
A691-1CrA335-P12A387-12CL.1&2
A217-WC6A234-WP12
CL.1&2
A182-F12CL.1&2
41CR-1/2Mo1.9
Product FormsMaterial
Note 1A213-
T11
A691-1.1/4CrA335-P11A387-11
CL.1,2&3
A217-WC6A234-
WP11
CL.1,2&3
A182-F11
CL.1,2&3
41.1/4CR-
1/2Mo
A209-T1A691-
CM65~CM75
A335-P1A204-
A,B &C
A217-WC1A234-
WP1
A182-F13C-1/2Mo1.5
Note 1A334-3A671-
CF65~CF71
A333-3A203-
A,B,D,E
A352-LC3A420-
WPL3
A350-LF333.1/2Ni1.2
Note 1A671-CC60~CC70
A333-1 or 6
A516-70A352-LCBA420-WPL6
A350-LF21
Note 1A672-
B45~B70,
A672-
C45~C70,
A106-
A &B,
API 5L-
B
A515-
55~70,
A516-
55~70
1
Note 1A179
(SMLS)
A671-CA55,
A672-A45~A55,
A135-A&B
A53-
A & B
A285-
A, B & C
A216-
WCA,WCB &
WCC
A234-
WPB
A105,
A181 CL60or 70
1Carbon1.1
RemarkTubeEFW PipePipePlateCastingWrought
FittingForging
P-
No.
Nominal
Designation
Group
No.
1.3 Applicable ASTM Specification
Note 1 : User shall specify the material grade for each i tem in accordance
with design condition
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PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 24 OF 44
1.3 Applicable ASTM Specification (2)
-TP304H-304H-TP304H-304H-WP304H-F304H8
A249-TP316
A358-316A312-TP316
A204-316
A351-CF8M
(A744-CF8M)
A403-WP316
A182-F316816Cr-12Ni-2Mo
2.2
-TP316H-316H-TP316H-316H-WP316H-F316H8
A213-T5
A213-T21A182-F21
5Cr-1/2Mo
3Cr-1Mo
1.13
1.11
A249-
TP304
A358-304A312-
TP304
A204-
304
A351-CF8
(A744-CF8)
A403-
WP304
A182-F304818Cr-8Ni2.1
Product FormsMaterial
-TP317-317-TP317-317-WP317-F31718Cr-13Ni-
3Mo
A268-
TP410
A268-
TP410
A240-
410
A217-CA15A182-F6a613Cr
Note 1A213-T9A691-9CrA335-P9A387-9
CL.2
A217-C12A234-WP9A182-F95B9Cr-1Mo1.4
Note 1A691-5CrA335-P5A387-5
CL.2
A217-C5A234-WP5A182-F5,
A182-F5a
(Flange
Only)
5B
Note 1A691-3CrA335-P21A387-21CL.2
5A
Note 1A213-T22A691-2.1/4CrA335-P22A387-22
CL.1&2
A217-WC9A234-
WP22
CL.1&3
A182-F22
CL.1&3
5A2.1/4Cr-1Mo1.10
RemarkTubeEFW PipePipePlateCastingWrought
FittingForging
P-
No.
Nominal
Designation
Group
No.
Note 1 : User shall specify the material grade for each item in accordancewith design condition
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PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 25 OF44
1.3 Applicable ASTM Specification (3)
-TP347H-TP347H-347H-WP347H-F347H8
A249-TP309A358-309A312-
TP309
A204-
309S
A351-CH20A403-
WP309
823Cr-12Ni2.6
A249-TP310A358-310A312-
TP310
A204-
310S
A351-CK20A403-
WP310
A182-F310825Cr-20Ni2.7
A249-TP321
-TP316LA351-CF3M
(A744-CF3M)
-WP316L-F316L
18Cr-10Ni-Ti
16Cr-12Ni
-2Mo
2.4
A249-TP347A358-347A312-
TP347
A204-
347
A351-CF8c
(A744-CF8c)
A403-
WP347
A182-F347818Cr-10Ni-
Cb
2.5
Product FormsMaterial
-TP321H-TP321H-321H-WP321H-F321H8
A358-321A312-
TP321
A204-
321
A403-
WP321
A182-F3218
-316L-TP316L-316L8
A249-
TP304L
A358-304LA312-
TP304L
A204-
304L
A351-CF3
(A744-CF3)
A403-
WP304L
A182-F304L818Cr-8Ni2.3
Rema
rkTubeEFW PipePipePlateCasting
Wrought
FittingForging
P-
No.
Nominal
Designation
Group
No.
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PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 26 OF 44
1.3 Applicable ASTM Specification (4)
B626-
N10665
B619-
N10665
B622-
N10665
B333-
N10665
B366-
WPHB-2
B564-
N10665
49Ni-Mo ALLOY B-2
(Hastelloy B-2)
3.7
B626-
N10276
B619-
N10276
B622-
N10276
B575-
N10276
A491-
CW-
12MW-1
B366-
WPCH276
B564-
N10276
44Ni-Mo-Cr ALLOY C-276
(Hastelloy C-276)
3.8
B704-
N06625
B705-
N06625
B444-
N06625
B443-
N06625
B366-
WPNCMC
B564-
N06625
43Ni-Cr-Mo-Cb Alloy 625
(Inconel 625)
Ni-Cr-Fe ALLOY 600
(Inconel 600)
Ni-Cu ALLOY 400
(Monel 400)
3.5
3.4
3.2
B516-
N06600
B517-
N06600
B167-
N06600
B168-
N06600
A494-
Cy40-1
B366-
WPNCI
B564-
N06600
43
B163-
N08800
B514-
N08800
B407-
N08800
B409-
N08800
B366-
WPNIC
B564-
N08800
45Ni-Fe-Cr ALLOY 800
(Incoloy 800)
3.6
B163-
N02201
B163-
N02200
B366-WPNB564-
N02200
Ni-Low C
Al loy 201
NIKEL ALLOY 200
3.3
B111-
C71500
B467-
C71500
B466-
C71500
B402-
C71500
B151-
C71500
34ALLOY 450
(Monel 450)
Product FormsMaterial
B163-
N04400
N165-
N04400
B127-
N04400
A494-
M-35-1
B366-
WPNC
B564-
N0440
42
B725-
N02201
B161-
N02201
B162-
N02201
B366-
WPNL
B160-
N02201
41
B725-
N02200
B161-
N02200
B162-
N02200
41
B468-
N08020
B474-
N08020
B464-
N08020
B463-
N08020
A351-
CN7M
B366-
WP20CB
B462-
N08020
45Cr-Ni-Fe-Mo-Cu-Cb
ALLOY 20
3.1
RemarkTubeEFW
PipePipePlateCasting
Wrought
FittingForging
P-
No.Nominal Designation
Group
No.
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PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 27 OF44
1.3 Applicable ASTM Specification (5)
B674-N08904B673-N08904B677-N08904B625-N08904B366-WP904LB649-N08904Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu-LowCALLOY 904L3.11
B626-
N08320
B619-
N08320
B622-
N08320
B582-
N08320
B621-
N08320
Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo ALLOY 20
Mod.
3.12
B626-
N06985
B619-
N06985
B622-
N06985
B582-
N06985
B366-
WPHG3
B581-
N06985
Ni-Cr-Fe-Mo-Cu ALLOY
G-3 (Hastelloy G-3)
Ni-Cr-Mo-Fe ALLOY X
(Hastelloy X)
Ni-Mo-Cr ALLOY C-4
(Hastelloy C-4)
3.9 B626-
N06002
B619-
N06002
B666-
N06002
B435-
N06002
B366-
WPHX
B572-
N06002
43
B599-
N08700
B672-
N08700
Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cb
ALLOY 700 (JS700)
3.10
B626-
N06022
B366-
WPHC22
B564-
N06022
Ni-Mo-Cr-Fe ALLOY N
(Hastelloy N)
Ni-Mo-Cr ALLOY C-22
(Hatelloy C-22)
B704 or
B163-N08825
B705-
N08825
B423-
N08825
B424-
N08825
B336-
WPNICMC
B564-
N08825
Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu
ALLOY 825(Incoloy 825)
Product FormsMaterial
B626-
N06455
B619-
N06455
B622-
N06455
B575-
N06455
B336-
WPHC4
B564-
N06455
44
B434-
N10003
B366-
WPHN
B573-
N10003
B619-
N06022
B622-
N06022
B575-
N06022
44
B626-
N10001
B619-
N10001
B622-
N10001
B333-
N10001
A494-N-
12MV-1
B366-
WPHB
B335-
N10001
44Ni-Mo ALLOY B
(Hastelloy B)
3.8
RemarkTubeEFW
PipePipePlateCasting
Wrought
FittingForging
P-
No.Nominal Designation
Group
No.
-
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PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 28 OF 44
1.3 Applicable ASTM Specification (6)
B626-
N06975
B619-
N06975
B622-
N06975
B582-
N06975
B581-
N06975
Ni-Cr-Fe-Mo-Cu ALLOY
G-2 (Hastelloy G-2)
3.13
3.16
3.15
B338-12B337-12B265-12B363-
WPT12
B318-
F12
51TITANIUM ALLOYS
B210-
3003
B241-
3003
B209-
3003
B361-
WP3003
B247-
3003
21TITANIUM 3003
TITANIUM UNALLOYED
Ni-Fe-Cr ALLOY 800HT
(Incoloy 800HT)
B338-2B337-2B265-2B367-C2B363-
WPT2
B381-F251
B338-7B337-7B265-7B367-Ti-
Pb7B orB367-C7
B363-
WPT7
B381-F751TITANIUM
LOW ALLOYED
B163-
N08810
B626-
N06030
B366-
WPHG30
B581-
N06030
Ni-Fe-Cr ALLOY 800
(Incoloy 800)
Ni-Cr-Fe-Mo-Cu
ALLOY G-30
(Hastelloy G-30)
B739-
N08330
B711 or
B546-
N08330
B535-
N08330
B536-
N08330
B366-
WP330
B511-
N08330
Ni-Fe-Cr-Si ALLOY 20
(RA-330)
Product FormsMaterial
B407-
N08811
B409-
N08811
B366-
WPNIC11
B564-
N08811
45
B514-
N08810
B407-
N08810
B409-
N08810
B366-
WPNIC10
B564-
N08810
45
B619-
N06030
B622-
N06030
B582-
N06030
B626-
N06007
B619-
N06007
B622-
N06007
B582-
N06007
B366-
WPHG
B581-
N06007
45Ni-Cr-Fe-Mo-Cu
ALLOY G (Hastelloy G)
3.14
RemarkTubeEFW
PipePipePlateCasting
Wrought
FittingForging
P-
No.Nominal Designation
Group
No.
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1.4 Pipe
(
)
37.5Monel 40015.6316L
48.3Hastelloy B-2 Welded
28.4Incoloy 80012.6304L
25Inconel 60014.1316SS & 316HSS
20Duplex12304SS &304HSS18.5347SS0.7A53-B Welded
18.1321SS1A106-B
MaterialMaterial
* Type of Joint Seamless.
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
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1.4 Pipe
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2.
2.1 Aluminum (Al)
b. (,) Ferrite
. (H2)
.
a. ,.*
.
475 Deg.C
Carbide Graphite
Si.
* (Ageing) : ,
()
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 30 OF44
2.1 Aluminum (Al)
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2.3 Calcium (Ca)
a. .
b. .
2.2 Carbon (C)
a. .
b. C * .
,
,
,
(Carbon Equivalent
.)
( ).
* (Hardenability) : Quenching
,
* (Hardening) : ,
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 31 OF 44
2.2 Carbon (C) & 2.3 Calcium (Ca)
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2.4 Chromium (Cr)
a.(Steel),.
b. Cr Cr .
c. Cr 1% 80~10 N/mm2 .
d. Cr. Cr .
Cr .
e. Cr , 13%
(Stainless Steel).
Pitting Corrosion.
f. Cr .
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 32 OF 44
2.4 Chromium (Cr)
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2.5 Hydrogen (H)
a. (Embrittlement)
Necking ()
.
b. Pitting
.
c. .
d. Stainless Ferrite Austenite
* .
* (Toughness) : ,
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 33 OF 44
2.5 Hydrogen (H)
PART 2 MATERIAL 2 6 M (M )
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2.6 Manganese (Mn)
a. ..
* (Red Brittleness).
b. Mn
. Mn .
.
c. Mn/C
, S
Mn .
d. Mn
.
* (Red Brittleness) : See Att #2-1
* (Brittleness) :
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 34 OF 44
2.6 Manganese (Mn)
PART 2 MATERIAL 2 7 M l bd (M )
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2.7 Molybdenum (Mo)
a.*
.
b. Mo .
.
.
c. Stainless Steel, Mo
Pitting .
d. 1%
Mo
, Creep.
* (Tempering Brittleness): See Att #2-2
e. 2.5% Mo 650 Deg.C,
.
f.,
.
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 35 OF 44
2.7 Molybdenum (Mo)
PART 2 MATERIAL : 2 8 O (O)
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2.8 Oxygen (O)
a.,,,
.
b. Porosity () Lamination
(
)
. Notch .
c. HIC (Hydrogen Induced Crack)Wet H2S Condit ion
0.002%.
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 36 OF 44
2.8 Oxygen (O)
PART 2 MATERIAL : 2 9 Phosphorous (P)
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2.9 Phosphorous (P)
a. 1* 2
.
b. P, P
, High Grade
0.03~0.05%
.,
P .
e. HIC (Hydrogen Induced Crack)Wet H2S Condit ion
0.015%..
c. P C , ,
.
d. .
* :
.
,
,.
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 37OF44
2.9 Phosphorous (P)
PART 2 MATERIAL : 2 10 Sulfur (S)
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2.10 Sulfur (S)
a./ .
.
. 0.04%.
b. S Mn (Mn Sulfide)
.
(
)
. P .
e. HIC (Hydrogen Induced Crack)Wet H2S Condit ion
0.002%, 0.005%.
c. S.
d. S
.
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 38 OF 44
2.10 Sulfur (S)
PART 2 - MATERIAL : 2 11 Si (Silicon)
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2.11 Si (Sil icon)
a. Si P, S. Si
* .
,
.
b. .
.
c.
.
* ( Coarsening) :
PART 2 - MATERIAL :
PAGE : 39 OF 44
2.11 Si (Silicon)
PART 2 - MATERIAL : 3 (Heat Treatment)
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3. (Heat Treatment)
,
.
Stress Release .
, (
)
Fiber Flow
Fiber Flow
.
.
.
PART 2 MATERIAL :
PAGE : 40 OF 44
3. (Heat Treatment)
PART 2 - MATERIAL : 3 1 Quenching
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3.1 Quenching (,: )
a. (,)
()* . Quenching
()
Tempering (
,
:
)
.
b. Quenching
() Quenching
(
)
.
* (Hardening) :, ,**
** (Hardness) :
PART 2 MATERIAL :
PAGE : 41 OF 44
3.1 Quenching
PART 2 - MATERIAL : 3.2 Tempering & 3.3 Normalizing
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3.2 Tempering (, : )
a. Quenching ()
.
Tempering
.
b. Quenching
..
3.3 Normalizing (, : )
Normalizing , 800 ~ 900
Normalizing .
(),
.
PART 2 MATERIAL :
PAGE : 42 OF 44
3.2 Tempering & 3.3 Normalizing
PART 2 - MATERIAL : 3.4 Annealing & Solut ion Treatment
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3.4 Annealing (, : )
Annealing (, Furnace)
,,,
,, ,,
.
3.5 Solut ion Treatment ()
*
**.
* (Solid Solut ion) :
* * (Precipitation) :
PAGE : 43 OF 44
g
PART 2 - MATERIAL : 3.6 Stabilizing Treatment
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3.6 Stabilizing Treatment ()
a.,*.
** (Carbide) :
*** (Precipitation) :
b. Ti Cb (Columbium) Stainless Steel
850~900 Deg.C Ti Cb
*****.
().
PAGE : 44 OF 44
g
* (Secular Distortion) :
,
Attachment #1 Unified Numbering System (UNS) (1)
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UNS (Unified Numbering System)
ASME(American Society of Mechanical Engineers), ASTM(American
Society for Testing and Materials), SAE(Society of Automotive
Engineers), Federal, Mil itary, AISI(American Iron and Steel Insti tute)
AWS(American Welding Society) Code
4000 Standard Numbers Group
Code
. Numbering System
Specification ().
PAGE : 1 OF2
1.
2. UNS No.
Committee (UNS Advisory Board)
.
Attachment #1 Unified Numbering System (UNS) (2)
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17 Group Group No
5.
PAGE : 2 OF2
3. UNS No. Group
Axxxxx Aluminum and Aluminum Al loys
Cxxxxx Copper and Copper Alloys
Exxxxx Rare Earth and Similar Metals and Alloys
Fxxxxx Cast Irons
Gxxxxx AISI and SAE Carbon and Alloy Steels
Hxxxxx AISI and SAE H-Steels
Jxxxxx Cast Steels (Except Tool Steels)Kxxxxx Miscellaneous Steels and Ferrous Alloys
Lxxxxx Low Melting Metals and Alloys
Mxxxxx Miscellaneous Nonferrous Metals and Alloys
Nxxxxx Nickel and Nickel Alloys
Pxxxxx Precious Metals and AlloysRxxxxx Reacitive and Refractory Metals and Alloys
Sxxxxx Heat and Corrosion Refractory Metals and Alloys
Txxxxx Tool Steels Wrought and Cast
Wxxxxx Welding Filler Metals
Zxxxxx Zinc and Zinc Alloys
Attachment #2-1 (Red Brittleness)
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(900~1000 Deg.C)
.
. S S%
.
1)
(Red Bri ttleness)
2) (Blue Brittleness)
()
250 ~ 300 ().
.
,
.
PAGE : 1 OF2
Attachment #2-2 (Tempering Britt leness)
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3)
(Tempering Brit tleness)
(quenching)
.()
tempering
(
600
)
() . Ni-Cr
600 .
Ni - Cr
.
.
.
().
,
.
Mo
.
PAGE : 1 OF2