01 Overview GC
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1 © Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1
LTE Functionalities and Features OverviewLTE Radio Parameters RL20
3 © Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1
1. LTE Functionalities and Overview
2. Channel Configuration
3. General parameter DB structure and System Information Broadcast
4. Random Access
5. Radio Admission Control (RAC)
6. Radio Bearer Control & DRX /DTX Management
7. LTE Mobility Management
8. UL/DL Scheduler
9. MIMO Mode Control (MIMO-MC)
10.Power Control
Contents
4 © Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1
LTE in 3GPP Release 8
3GPP and Operator Requirements
Packet Switched Domain Optimized
RTT <10 ms
Access Delay <300 ms
Peak Rates UL/DL 50/100 Mbps
Good Mobility and Security
Improve Terminal Power Efficiency
Frequency Allocation Flexibility with 1.4,3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz Allocations
WCDMA evolution work to continue
3-4 times higher capacity expected than with Release 6 HSDPA/HSUPA reference case
Study Phase
2004: 3GPP workshop on UTRAN Long Term Evolution
03/2005 Start of the study
12/2005 Multiple Access selected
03/2006 eNB/Core functional split selected
09/2006 Close of the study item & approval of work plan
Release 8 Stage 3 Output
06/2008 baseline
09/2008 baseline: Major PHY updates.
12/2008 baseline: Major MAC updates.
03/2009 baseline: Major L3 updates.
5 © Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1
LTE/EPC Network Elements
Main references to architecture in 3GPP specs.: TS23.401,TS23.402,TS36.300
LTE-UE
Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)
MME S10
S6a
ServingGateway
S1-U
S11
PDNGateway
PDN
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
S1-MME
PCRFS7 Rx+
SGiS5/S8
Evolved Node B(eNB)
X2
LTE-Uu
HSS
Mobility Management
Entity Policy & Charging Rule
Function
S-GW /P-GW
eNB
6 © Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1
LTE Radio Interface and the X2 Interface
LTE-Uu interface• Air interface of LTE
• Based on OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL
• FDD and TDD duplex methods
• Scalable bandwidth 1.4MHz to currently 20 MHz
X2 interface• Inter eNB interface
• X2AP: special signalling protocol
• Functionalities:
– For an inter- eNB HO to facilitate handover and provide data forwarding.
– In RRM to provide e.g. load information to neighbouring eNBs to facilitate interference management
– Logical interface: It does not need direct site-to-site connection, i.e. it can be routed via core network as well
(E)-RRC(E)-RRC User PDUsUser PDUs User PDUsUser PDUs
PDCPPDCP
..
RLCRLC
MACMAC
LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)
TS 36.300
eNB
LTE-Uu
eNB
X2
User PDUsUser PDUs
GTP-UGTP-U
UDPUDP
IPIP
L1/L2L1/L2
TS 36.424
X2-UP(User Plane)X2-CP
(Control Plane)
X2-APX2-AP
SCTPSCTP
IPIP
L1/L2L1/L2TS 36.421
TS 36.422
TS 36.423
TS 36.421
TS 36.420
7 © Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1
S1-MME & S1-U Interfaces
S1-MME interface
• Control interface between eNB and MME
• S1AP:S1 Application Protocol
• MME and UE will exchange non-access stratum signaling via eNB through this interface ( i.e. authentication, tracking area updates)
S1-U interface
• User plane interface between eNB and serving gateway
• Pure user data interface (U=User plane)
MME
ServingGateway
S1-MME(Control Plane)
S1-U(User Plane)
NAS ProtocolsNAS Protocols
S1-APS1-AP
SCTPSCTP
IPIP
L1/L2L1/L2
User PDUsUser PDUs
GTP-UGTP-U
UDPUDP
IPIP
L1/L2L1/L2
TS 36.411
TS 36.411
TS 36.412
TS 36.413
TS 36.414
TS 36.410[currently in TS 36.300 §19]
eNB
S1 interface is divided into two parts:
8 © Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1
Physical Layer Technologies
Downlink: OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access).
Uplink: SC-FDMA (Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access).
Both FDD and TDD modes available.
Subcarrier spacing 15 kHz.
Scalable bandwidth.
FDD CarrierBandwidth
[MHz]
Number ofResource
Blocks
1.4 6
3 15
5 25
10 50
15 75
20 100
FDD with 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz Bandwidth supported in RL20
9 © Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1
7 symbols(0.5 ms)
12 s
ubca
rrie
rs(1
80 k
Hz)
Symbol rate = 168 ksps
• QPSK => 2 bits per symbol => 336 kbps
• 16QAM => 4 bits per symbol => 672 kbps
• 64QAM => 6 bits per symbol => 1.008 Mbps
Resource Block (RB)
• Basic unit of resource
• 12 subcarriers wide in the frequency domain
• 7 symbols long in the time domain
• Thus, 84 symbols per resource block
• Bit Rate per Resource Block depends upon modulation scheme
Exercise - Theoretical RB Capacity(normal cyclic prefix case)
Bit Rates per Resource Block
Based upon 3GPP TS 36.211
TTI is 1 ms, i.e. duration of 2 resource blocks
10 © Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1
Channel Bandwidth
1.4 MHz 3 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz
QPSK 2.016 5.040 8.400 16.800 25.200 33.600
16QAM 4.032 10.080 16.800 33.600 50.400 67.200
64QAM 6.048 15.120 25.200 50.400 75.600 100.800
64QAM (2×2 MIMO) 12.096 30.240 50.400 100.800 151.200 201.600
64QAM (4×4 MIMO) 24.192 60.480 100.800 201.600 302.400 403.200
• Bit Rates per Resource Block Number of Resource Blocks
• These bit rates are applicable to the bottom of the Physical Layer, i.e. coding rate has not been taken into account
• Also requirement to account for the overheads generated by Reference and Synchronisation Signals + other Physical Channels
Exercise - Theoretical LTE Bit Rates - Downlink
Figures in Mbps
11 © Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1
LTE Peak Layer 1 Data Rates
• Downlink: Peak Rate 172 Mbps with 2x2 MIMO and 20 MHz
Modulation coding 1.4 MHz 3.0 MHz 5.0 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHzQPSK 1/2 Single stream 0.7 2.1 3.5 7.0 10.6 14.116QAM 1/2 Single stream 1.4 4.1 7.0 14.1 21.2 28.316QAM 3/4 Single stream 2.2 6.2 10.5 21.1 31.8 42.464QAM 3/4 Single stream 3.3 9.3 15.7 31.7 47.7 63.664QAM 4/4 Single stream 4.3 12.4 21.0 42.3 63.6 84.964QAM 3/4 2x2 MIMO 6.6 18.9 31.9 64.3 96.7 129.164QAM 1/1 2x2 MIMO 8.8 25.3 42.5 85.7 128.9 172.164QAM 1/1 4x4 MIMO 16.6 47.7 80.3 161.9 243.5 325.1
Modulation coding 1.4 MHz 3.0 MHz 5.0 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHzQPSK 1/2 Single stream 0.7 2.0 3.5 7.1 10.8 14.316QAM 1/2 Single stream 1.4 4.0 6.9 14.1 21.6 28.516QAM 3/4 Single stream 2.2 6.0 10.4 21.2 32.4 42.816QAM 1/1 Single stream 2.9 8.1 13.8 28.2 43.2 57.064QAM 3/4 Single stream 3.2 9.1 15.6 31.8 48.6 64.264QAM 1/1 Single stream 4.3 12.1 20.7 42.3 64.8 85.564QAM 1/1 V-MIMO (cell) 8.6 24.2 41.5 84.7 129.6 171.1
20 MHz
• Uplink: Peak Rate 57 Mbps with 20 MHz and 16QAM
12 © Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1
LTE UE Categories
• All categories support 20 MHz• 64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except Class 5)• 2x2 MIMO mandatory in other classes except Class 1
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5
10/5 Mbps 50/25 Mbps 100/50 Mbps 150/50 Mbps 300/75 MbpsPeak rate DL/UL
20 MHzRF bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz
64QAMModulation DL 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM
16QAMModulation UL 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 16QAM
YesRx diversity Yes YesYes Yes
1-4 txBTS tx diversity
OptionalMIMO DL 2x2 4x42x2 2x2
1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx
13 © Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1
RRM Framework
•UE scope:Handover control, power control, Adaptive Modulation and Coding, outer link quality control, MIMO
•Cell scope:Radio Admission Control, Congestion Control
•eNode B scope: Packet Scheduler (cell scope for simpler implementation)
•RAN scope:Load Balancing, Inter-cell Interference Coordination
•Multi-RAT scope: Interworking with GSM/EDGE, UMTS and CDMA2000, inter-RAT HO
14 © Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1
Layer 3RRM
Connection Mobility Control
Layer 2RRM
Time Scale
CallDuration
InterhandoverTime
ChannelFading Time
Burst or PacketDuration
Traffic, Channel andLocation Variations
Traffic, Channel andLocation Variations
Radio Admission Control
Intercell Interference Coordination
Fast DL AMC
1 ms
10 ms
100 ms
1 s
10 s
100 s
Load Balancing , Congestion Control
Packet Scheduling (UL/DL), fast ATBATB = Adaptive Transmission Bandwidth
L3 SignalingDelay
Slow UL Power Control (open/closed
Loop)
Slow UL Power Control (open/closed
Loop)
Outer Link Quality Control (OLQC)
UE DRX/DTX
Control
UE DRX/DTX
Control
LTE TTI
Slow UL LA/AMC,Slow UL ATB
Slow UL LA/AMC,Slow UL ATB
DynamicMIMOControl
DynamicMIMOControl
RRM Framework: Time Scale of RRM Functions
15 © Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1
RRM Framework
•Radio Admission Control : Admission control will be encharged of deciding when new users (or mobility users) are allowed to establish bearers in the cell
•Handover control: is encharged of the mobility control within the LTE RRM. Based on UE reported events it will select the appropiate target cell for HO and initiate mobility procedures.
•Packet Scheduler: Is encharged of UL and DL scheduling every TTI and resource allocation. PS will decide which users are scheduled on a TTI basis, the location and the amount of resources allocated to each user.
•AMC (OLQC, OLLA) : AMC will perform link adaptation tasks to ensure radio resources are used in the most effiecient way possible.
•MIMO: This module is encharged of selecting whether Transmit diversity, Spatial multiplexing or dynamic switching between previous two modes will be emplyed for every user based on UE feedback
•Power control: For DL it will be a semi static configuration but for UL RRM will provide feedback for closed loop power control to reduce UL interference.
Functional Description of the different RRM Modules
16 © Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1
RL10 FeaturesBTS Site SolutionLTE74 Flexi System Module FSMDLTE86 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 2100LTE88 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 900*LTE99 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1.7/2.1LTE101 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1800*LTE437 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 800EU*LTE547 Flexi RRH 2 TX 800EU*LTE76 Flexi BTS legacy MHA SupportLTE94 Feederless SiteLTE97 Cell range 77 km LTE155 Flexi BTS 3rd party MHA SupportLTE899 Antenna Line SupervisionLTE900 Flexi LTE BTS 40W Power SupportLTE903 Flexi LTE BTS 60W Power Support LTE904 Branch Activation in Triple RF ModuleTransportLTE129 Traffic prioritization on Ethernet layerLTE131 Traffic prioritization on IP layer (Diffserv)LTE138 Traffic shaping (UL)LTE707 Flexi Transport sub-module FTIBLTE710 Synchronization from PDH interfaceLTE711 Synchronization from 2.048MHz signalLTE875 Different IP addresses for U/C/M/S-planLTE132 VLAN based traffic differentiationLTE134 Timing over PacketLTE713 Synchronous Ethernet
RRM/Telecom LTE70 Downlink adaptive open loop MIMO for two antennasLTE1 S1/X2 data path managementLTE3 S1, X2 and RRC common signalingLTE5 Radio bearer and S1 bearer establishment and releaseLTE20 Admission controlLTE27 Open loop UL power control and DL power settingLTE28 Closed loop UL power controlLTE30 CQI adaption (DL)LTE31 Link adaptation by AMC (UL/DL)LTE37 CipheringLTE38 Integrity protectionLTE39 System information broadcastLTE40 Physical & transport channelsLTE41 PDCP, RLC & MAC supportLTE45 Fair scheduler (UL/DL)LTE49 PagingLTE50 UE state managementLTE51 Cell selection and re-selectionLTE53 Intra and inter eNB handover with X2LTE69 Transmit diversity for two antennasLTE788 Support of 16 QAM (UL)LTE187 Single TX path modeLTE423 RRC connection release with redirectLTE747 Support of UE radio capabilitiesLTE749 Link adaptation for PDCCHLTE761 Advanced target cell selection and handover retry for intra frequency handoverLTE762 Idle mode mobility from LTE to WCDMA, GSM or other LTE bandsLTE767 Support of aperiodic CQI reportsLTE43 Support of 64 QAM in DLLTE793 Support of 16 QAM (DL)
17 © Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1
RL20 New FeaturesBTS Site SolutionLTE113 Cell Bandwidth - 15 MHzLTE447 SW support for RF sharing GSM-LTELTE101 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1800LTE104 Flexi RRH 2TX 1800LTE677 Flexi 1600 MHz RF solution
TransportLTE140 Ethernet OAMLTE491 FlexiPacket Radio ConnectivityLTE649 QoS aware Ethernet switchingLTE564 IPSec on FTIBLTE592 Link Supervision with BFDLTE775 SCTP multi-homing (MME)
RRM/TelecomLTE2 S1 FlexLTE4 Multi-Operator Core NetworkLTE7 Support of multiple EPS bearerLTE9 Service differentiationLTE10 EPS bearers for conversational voiceLTE11 Robust header compressionLTE13 Rate cappingLTE22 Emergency call handlingLTE54 Intra-LTE handover via S1LTE55 Inter-frequency handoverLTE562 CSFB to UTRAN or GSM via redirectLTE703 DL adaptive closed loop MIMO for two antennasLTE819 DL inter-cell interference generationLTE870 Idle mode mobility from LTE to CDMA/eHRPDLTE914 Graceful cell shut down
Operability LTE492 ANRLTE185 System UpgradeLTE475 Automatic iOMS resiliencyLTE559 SW Monitoring Module for LTELTE830 LTE Automatic LockLTE502 Cell Outage triggered resetLTE163 Subscriber and Equipment TraceLTE433 Cell TraceLTE667 LTE User Event Log ManagementLTE796 iOMS connectivity increase
Performance Monitoring
LTE805 PM Counter Capacity I
18 © Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1
MultiUser- MIMO (DL / UL)RelaysMulti-Band RadioAdvanced HetNetsDynamic Traffic Balancing
LTE (FDD) Roadmap Overview
RL20Quality of Service
Network & RF Sharing
Interference Aware SchedulingUE Power Saving (DRX)Operator Specific QCIsSubscriber Profile Based MobilityInter RAT Handover to WCDMANACC to GSMSON-ANR Fully UE BasedSON-Inter RAT ANRSON-Optimization Neighbor
RelationsSON-Automatic Alarm CorrelationSON-Mobility Robustness (MRO)Up to 6 Cells per Flexi BTSFast IP Rerouting
Frequency Bands: • 760 MHz
2008 2009 20102007 2Q/2011 4Q/2011 2Q/12 & 4Q/121/2011
Channel Aware Scheduler (UL)Smart DRXSmart Admission ControlOTDOA Location ServiceTTI BundlingCS Fallback EnhancementsSRVCC to WCDMA / GSMSON-Minimization of Drive TestsSON-MRO EvolutionTime Based Power SavingFlexi Multiradio System ModuleFlexi Lite BTS4-way RX DiversityIPv4/IPv6 Dual StackSynchronization Hub
Frequency Bands: • 1900 MHz• 900 MHz
RL30Network Operations
Enhanced IRAT Mobility
RL40Network Capacity
Smart Phones
Fair & QoS Aware Scheduling• Voice over LTE Solution• Service Differentiation• Rate CappingIntra LTE Mobility Inter RAT Mobility (Re-Selection)Multi-Operator Core NetworkMultiple EPS BearersCS FallbackSON-BTS Auto ConnectivitySON-BTS Auto ConfigurationSON-Central ANRSON-Self HealingTrace SolutionRF Sharing GSM - LTEQoS Aware Ethernet SwitchingEthernet OAMFlexi Packet Radio Connectivity
Frequency Bands:• 2600, 2100 and 1800 MHz• 1700/2100 and 1600 MHz• 800EU, 850 and 730 MHz
MIMO 4x2Carrier Aggregation 40 MHz Inter Frequency Load BalancingService Based HandoverFDD-TDD HandovereICICSON-Min of Drive Tests (Rel10)Coverage / Capacity OptimizationLoad Based Power SavingActive AntennasMultiradio System Sharing LTE Femto SolutionEthernet Path/Ring Protection
Under PlanningContractAvailable Study Item
RL50LTE - Advanced
Carrier Aggregation
RL60LTE - Advanced
Mar,2011