01. Nutrition in Plants by Dilip Kumar Chandra
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Transcript of 01. Nutrition in Plants by Dilip Kumar Chandra
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By Dilip Kumar Chandra
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By Dilip Kumar Chandra
• What is Nutrition?• What are Nutritional Elements?• Sources of Nutrition• Function of Nutrition• Mode of Nutrition in Plant
• Autotrophs• By Photosynthesis
• Heterotrophs• Parasite• Saprophyte• Insectivorous• Symbiotic Relationships
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By Dilip Kumar Chandra
• Process to take food.• For
• Growth• Development • Reproduction
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By Dilip Kumar Chandra
• Chemicals found in Foods• Are –
• Carbohydrates• Proteins• Vitamins• Fats• Minerals
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By Dilip Kumar Chandra
• By Foods• Foods may be
• Plant Products• Animal Products
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By Dilip Kumar Chandra
• Growth of Body –• Developments of Body-• To fight Disease Causing Agents (Immunity)-• For Reproduction of Organism
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By Dilip Kumar Chandra
1. By Self - Autotrophs
• By Photosynthesis
2. From Other Organism - Heterotrophs
• Obtained from other living organism - Parasite
• Obtained from other dead organism - Saprophyte
• Obtain from insect (by eating)- Insectivorous
• Association between two different organism -
Symbiotic Relationships
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By Dilip Kumar Chandra
Autotrophic nutrition is the mode of nutrition in which
organisms can make organic food by themselves using
simple inorganic substances.
The process by which the green plants obtain nutrients is
called :
Photosynthesis
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By Dilip Kumar Chandra
Takes place in Chloroplast
Necessary factors :
Carbon dioxide
Water
Sunlight
Chlorophyll
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By Dilip Kumar Chandra
Takes place in Chloroplast
Necessary factors :
CO2
Stoma
Air Space
Spongy Mesophyll
Cell
Chloroplast
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By Dilip Kumar Chandra
Green pigment Chlorophyll helps leaves to capture the energy of the sunlight .This energy is used to synthesize food from carbon dioxide and water . Since the synthesis of food occurs in the presence of sunlight, it is called photosynthesis.Photosynthesis ( /foʊtoʊˈsɪnθəsɪs/; from the Greek φώτο-
[photo-], "light," and σύνθεσις [synthesis], "putting together",
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By Dilip Kumar Chandra
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By Dilip Kumar Chandra
Dark Reaction
Water
Oxygen Glucose
(C6H12O6)
Light Reaction
6 CO2 + 6 H20 C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Light Carbon Dioxide
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By Dilip Kumar Chandra
carbohydrates (e.g. glucose)
carbon dioxide and water
photosynthesis
release energy by respiration
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By Dilip Kumar Chandra
convert into starch for storage because
glucose is not a very good storage molecule
carbohydrates (e.g. glucose)
carbon dioxide and water
photosynthesis
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By Dilip Kumar Chandra
change into sucrose and is transported
to other parts through phloem
carbohydrates (e.g. glucose)
carbon dioxide and water
photosynthesis
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By Dilip Kumar Chandra
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To test a leaf for the presence
of Starch
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Why is the leaf first boiled in water ?
Ans: Because the process can soften the leaf, break
down the cuticle and kill the leaf.
boiling
water
turn off
Bunsen
burner
boiling
alcohol hot water
iodine
white tile
turn off
Bunsen
burner
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Why is the leaf then boiled in alcohol ?
Ans: To decolourize the leaf (to remove chlorophyll).
boiling
water
turn off
Bunsen
burner
boiling
alcohol hot water
iodine
white tile
turn off
Bunsen
burner
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Why is it important to turn off the Bunsen burner when you
are heating the alcohol ?
Ans: Because alcohol catches fire easily.
boiling
water
turn off
Bunsen
burner
boiling
alcohol hot water
iodine
white tile
turn off
Bunsen
burner
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Why is the leaf put in hot water after being boiled in
alcohol ?
Ans: Since the leaf becomes brittle after boiling in
alcohol, so dipping it into hot water enables it to
be softened.
boiling
water
turn off
Bunsen
burner
boiling
alcohol hot water
iodine
white tile
turn off
Bunsen
burner
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What colour change can be observed if starch is present ?
Ans: The leaf becomes blue-black when iodine solution
is added to it.
boiling
water
turn off
Bunsen
burner
boiling
alcohol hot water
iodine
white tile
turn off
Bunsen
burner
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Atmospheric carbon dioxide is absorbed
& oxygen is released into the
atmosphere which maintains the
composition of the atmosphere constant
Why is Photosynthesis important ?
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Parts of plant where photosynthesis
takes place
Mainly in the leaf because
–it contains a lot of chloroplasts
–it is well adapted for performing
photosynthesis
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The other modes ofnutrition in plants
• There are some plants which do not have chlorophyll .They cannot synthesise their own food .Like humans and animals such plants depend on the food produced by others . They use the Heterotrophic mode of nutrition. They are Parasitic plants, Insectivorous plants & saprotrophs
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PARASITIC PLANTS
• CUSCUTA : Yellow tubular structures twining around the stem and branches of the tree . This plant is called cuscuta
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PARASITIC PLANTS
• Cuscuta do not have chlorophyll . It takes ready made food from the plant on which it is climbing . The plant on which it climbs is called is a host . Since it deprives the host of nutrients , it is called parasite.
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INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS
• There are few plants Growing in nitrogen deficient soils which can trap insects and digest them .such plants may be green colour or of some other colour.such insect eating plants are called insectivorous plants
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INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS
• Pitcher plant
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INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS
• Pitcher plant Venus flytrap
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SAPROTROPHIC NUTRITION
• The mode of nutrition in which organisms take in nutrients in solution form from dead and decaying matter is called saprotrophic nutrition.
• Organisms secrete digestive juices on dead and decaying matter and convert into solution form. Ex : Fungi
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SAPROTROPHIC NUTRITION
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Symbiotic relationship
• Some organisms live together and share shelter and nutrients .This is called symbiotic relation ship.
• Some fungi live in roots of trees (Mycorrhizal Roots)
• Lichens
• Leguminous plants.
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Symbiotic relationship
• Lichens : In Lichens a chlorophyll containing partner Which is an Alga, and a fungus live together. The fungus provides shelter water and minerals to the alga and in return alga provides food which it prepares by photosynthesis.
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Leguminous plants.
• The bacterium called rhizobium can take atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into soluble form. But rhizobium cannot make its own food so it lives in a roots of gram, peas,moong,beans and other legumes and provides them with nitrogen. In return the plants provide food and shelter to the bacteria. They thus have a symbiotic relationship.
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How nutrients are replenished in the soil.
• Continuous harvesting crops removes
valuable mineral salts from soil
Fertilizers are added to replace such loss
• Two kinds of fertilizers:
–Natural fertilizers
–Chemical fertilizers
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The importance of nitrogen
• For synthesis of proteins, chlorophyll, etc
• Taken in form of nitrate ions
• Deficiency symptoms:
– Little growth ( - no protein made)
– Yellowing of leaves ( - no chlorophyll made)
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Natural fertilizers
• From manure
• Organic compounds in it are
decomposed by the bacteria in soil to
form mineral salts
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Chemical fertilizers
• Mainly nitrogenous and phosphorous
compounds manufactured artificially
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