01 Introduction GvK
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Transcript of 01 Introduction GvK
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8/2/2019 01 Introduction GvK
1/26
27-1-2010
Challenge the future
DelftUniversity ofTechnology
Wind TurbineDesign
AE4-W09
5 ECTS
2010
Prof. Dr. Ir. G.A.M van Kuik, Gijs
and many other DUWIND experts
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DelftUniversity ofTechnology
General Course Information
All communication through Blackboard. Allsheets and material are available at Blackboard
There is no hard-copy binder The course has a little overlap with:
1. AE4-W012: Rotor Aerodynamics(now running)
2. AE4-W013: Wind and Site Conditions, first semester
so here only: the use of , and no detailed background
AE3W02: Introduction to wind energy, is
mandatory as preceding course. Testing of thisknowledge is done by homework assignments.
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Set-up of the course
Lectures, homework and group assignment
Attendance of lectures not mandatory but strongly
advised. Examination is by the group assignment
Admission to group assignment requires satisfactory
execution of the homework assignments
Feed-back on course is highly appreciated
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DelftUniversity ofTechnology
The planning
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Background Material for this hour
Volume 1: Turbine Technology, from WindEnergy, the Facts
Available at Blackboard and
http://www.ewea.org/index.php?id=91
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The design process, starting freshMany classificationsand/ or terminologyexist. Here:
Conceptual design
Preliminary design
Detailed design
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DelftUniversity ofTechnology
The design process
Conceptual design
Preliminary design
Detailed design
All choicesdepend on each other
Each solution/param. to be detailed
independent of others
Turbine concept (e.g. const/var. ,number of blades, gearbox or not, )
Main parameters (e.g. diameter, hubheight, wind class, eigenfrequencies)
Main operational aspects (e.g. safety,
control, maintenance, grid aspects)
Main materials (tower & bladematerial, casted or welded bedplate)
Targeted weights, annual yield, ex-factory costs
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DelftUniversity ofTechnology
The design process
Conceptual design
Preliminary design
Detailed design
Main component/systemis detailed to subcomponent level
Subcomponents to be detailed
independent of others
Rotor: blade geometry andconstruction, specs of pitch bearing
Nacelle: dimensions, weights, specsof axes, bearings, couplings, gearbox, yaw drives, bedplate, housing
Tower: wall thickness, access,elevator, installation process
Electric: specs of generator, power
electronics, trafo
Control: soft- & hardware
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The design process
Conceptual design
Preliminary design
Detailed design
All components aredetailed to sufficient level
All is ready for manufacturing
or ordering
Rotor: sheet lay-out, resindistribution, curing times, details of
hub, actuators, bearings, battery andcontrol back-up equipment
Nacelle: drawings and detailed specs
of axes, bearings, couplings, gearbox, yaw drives, bedplate, housing
Etcetera
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The design process
Conceptual design
Preliminary design
Detailed design
Driven by market developments,accumulated experience,manufacturing capabilities, new
applications e.g. deep wateroffshore. Usually: carefulupscaling of previous version
Here the research & engineeringknowledge is used to fullextend. This design phase is the
area of this course, with someexcursions to conceptual design
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Concept development: scaling
effects
Rated Power Diameter2.155
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Concept development: scaling
effects
Hub height Diameter-0.3
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Concept development: scaling
effects
Rotor mass Diameter2.6
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Concept development: scaling
effects
All trends show an exponent < 3 which would follow
from straightforward upscaling (square cube law) Due to
increased hub height higher wind speeds
improved technology
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Scaling effects in case of unchanged
design
Enercon main shaft mass follows square cube law
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Main pin (it is stationairy)
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Some
abandonedconcepts
Darrieus turbine
- Lower Cp
- Guy wires
Revival for use inbuilt environment:
BUT:
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Some
abandonedconcepts
Single bladed
Turbine
- High tip loss- High noise
level
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Some
abandonedconcepts
Flexible, passivelycontrolled(downwind)turbines
- Difficulttechnology
- Most suited for 2-bladers
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Modern turbines are common in:
Number of blades: 3
Collective pitch controlVariable speed operation
and differ in:Gearbox or direct drive or mixed
Rotor support (main bearing / axis)
Nacelle frame
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Schematic
Conceptual
Preliminary
Detailed
DISAS
TER
!
Example: soil stiffness / foundationresults in wrong support structurefrequency
turbine
tower
soil
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Schematic
Conceptual
Preliminary
Detailed
Major
proble
m
Example: many gearbox problems,control problems
turbine
gearbox
bear-ing
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The design process, starting fromprevious experience
Preceding, usuallysmaller, turbine
Conceptual design
Preliminary design
Detailed design Series productionprototype
measurements
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Design is part of prototype
developmentConcept, wind class, grid
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Survey of simplifying design
assumptions (1)
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Survey of simplifying design
assumptions (2)