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8/16/2019 01 en Adaptive Actions_jfprost_pdf
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Adaptive Actions
Published in AI & SOCIETY,
Spinger Journal, December 2!
"irs# published in Adap#i$e Ac#ions % ',
AA publica#ion, 2(
Jean)"ran*ois Pros#
!
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Archi#ec#s o+#en pre+er pho#ographingsho-ing
buildings a# #he heigh# o+ #heir glor./ -hen #he
presence o+ #ime is impercep#ible and user)#race
absen#0 Some archi#ec#ural agencies e$en con#rol
represen#a#ion, allo-ing circula#ion and pos#ing o+
appro$ed images onl.0 1 Now' is #he modus operandi
% priori#. goes #o #he image o+ #he building in #he presen# and $er. li##le concern #o i#s progression, #o
#he +u#ure0 uch emphasis is gi$en #o -ha# mus# be
pho#ographed, honoured, recorded and published in
maga3ines ra#her #han #o users1 adap#a#ion o+ space
and appropria#ion in $arious +orms0 4er. li##leimpor#ance is gi$en #o pos#)produc#ion, #o a
building1s pos#)cons#ruc#ion li+e c.cle, s#ruc#ure or
landscape0
Adap#i$e ac#ions opera#e on a shi+# in +ocus +rom
represen#a#ion and aes#he#ics #o programming and
buil# en$ironmen#s1 possible uses0 5. obser$ing,re$ealing and sharing ci#i3en adap#i$e ac#ions, #his
pro6ec# aims #o encourage o#hers #o ac# and #o
engage -i#h #heir en$ironmen#, as -ell as #o in+orm
designers o+ possible programme e7#ensions0
Can percep#ions be al#ered and change pioneered
#hrough simple ac#ions, images and ideas8 Can #he
iden#i+ica#ion and represen#a#ion o+ reali#ies, -hich
ha$e #o da#e been percei$ed as improbable or
absurd, lead #o ne- urban concep#s and cons#ruc#ion
processes8 The ongoing Adap#i$e Ac#ions 9ini#ia#ed
in 2: in ;ondoni
< #hro-s ligh# on #hese =ues#ions0I# e7plores al#era#ions in #he -or>place, #he home
and public spaces in general0 The pro6ec# lends
crea#i$e $oice #o marginal causes and al#erna#i$e
urban li+es#.les -hose up)gro-#h is o#her-ise
precarious0 Imagina#ion and personal crea#i$i#.?s
po#en#ial +or impac# on dail. li+e is emphasi3ed,
par#icularl. -i#hin public spaces0
Thus, i# inde7es and repor#s e7is#ing ac#ions in #he
ci#. and encourages rene-ed ac#i$i#., such as
adap#a#ion o+ archi#ec#ure, landscape and ob6ec#s
un+olding in se$eral s#ages0
Singularities
In order #o documen# and crea#e an in$en#or. o+
e7is#ing urban al#era#ions, an ongoing sur$e., an
open call +or collabora#ion is conduc#ed #hrough #he@eb and prin#ed documen#s0 I# should be no#ed,
ho-e$er, #ha# #hese under#a>ings occur on a small
scale and are o+#en onl. >no-n #o a limi#ed number
o+ locals0 The re=ues# +or pos#ings accelera#es #he
"ig0! Snow Shovelling , submi##ed b. AA, crea#ed b.
annah Jic>ling and 4alerie Sale3, 4iger S=uare,
on#real/ h##p/adap#i$eac#ions0ne#ac#ion!!2
"ig02 Temporary Shelter , submi##ed b. "ran*ois, iami
5each/ h##p/adap#i$eac#ions0ne#ac#ionB
process0 Collabora#ors regis#er and log in as ac#ors
on #he -ebsi#e and submi# ac#ions direc#l. and
ins#an#l. online, adding images, #e7# and commen#s
i+ desired0 5. o++ering a space in -hich #o sharee7periences, ideas, #.pes o+ ac#ions and speci+ic
accomplishmen#s, Adap#i$e Ac#ions crea#es an
in$en#or. o+ al#era#ions rarel. a$ailable #o #he
general public0
The -ebsi#e1s ob6ec#i$e is #o colla#e a $arie#. o+
ac#ions o+ a popular, #heore#ical or scien#i+ic na#ure
e7pressing a series o+ possibili#ies % +rom con+lic# #o
coopera#ion, opposi#ion #o composi#ion0 The
presen#a#ion o+ pro6ec#s -ill crea#e a $ocabular.
#hrough -hich #he collec#i$e imagina#ion ma.
e7press i#sel+ #hrough #he use o+ e7is#ing s#ruc#ures
and -ill encourage #he gro-#h o+ similar ac#ions0
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"ig0B Little Fisherman Fountain, submi##ed and crea#ed b. ar#in Du+rasne, Sain# "licien, ;ac Sain#)Jean,
uebec/ h##p/adap#i$eac#ions0ne#ac#ion!B!
AA: Through this action, a fountain-sculpture popular
with the village ecomes a soft monument: living and
moile, participatory, an element of desire, sociailityand negotiation!
Assemblage and Cooperation
A programme o+ e$en#s, -or>shops and round
#ables in $arious locali#ies on speci+ic #opics crea#es
lin>s, associa#ions be#-een ac#ors and ac#ions0 The
aim, as auri3io ;a33ara#o -ould sa., is no# #o
neu#ralise di++erences bu#, con$ersel., #o enrich #he
concep# o+ commonali#. #hrough #hese di++erencesii0
As he argues, #he challenge is #o +ind -a.s #o re#ain
#his mul#iplici#., #o embrace he#erogenei#. -hile
main#aining dispari#.0
Some proposed ac#ions are concep#ualised andcarried ou# collec#i$el.0 Our shared >no-ledge and
e7per#ise is applied #o-ards accomplishing a
crea#i$e pro6ec# -hose aim is #o modi+. #he in#ended
use o+ archi#ec#ural and urban elemen#siii0 This
communal pro6ec# could, +or ins#ance, emphasise
one e7is#ing and documen#ed ac#ion #o gi$e i# more
resonance, a s#ronger impac#0 Some ac#ors migh#
-ish #o pursue, rein#erpre#, e7#end or carr. ou#
$aria#ions #o e7is#ing adap#i$e ac#ionsi$0
"ig0F&G "ots versus "emolition ", submi##ed b. "HJ"P,
crea#e b. T.ree u.#on, De#roi#/
h##p/adap#i$eac#ions0ne#ac#ionG
Relational Shift
Adap#i$e Ac#ions ini#ia#es a rela#ional shi+#0
Kesiden# collabora#ion is an essen#ial par# o+ #he
process, -hich in$ol$es #he h.bridisa#ion o+
con$en#ional and unusual urban reali#ies,
dissemina#ing such no$el no#ions as deghe##oisa#ion,
as -ell as #he use and asser#ion o+ public spaces
#hrough si#e)speci+ic in#er$en#ions0 This rela#ionship
-i#h residen#s in i#sel+ cons#i#u#es #he +irs# elemen#
o+ #his ac#ion)research pro6ec# and is cri#ical #o i#s
success0 @hile #he ins#iga#or s#ill in#er$enes in
public spaces, he ra#her ac# as ca#al.s#s0Kela#ionall., #he +ocus is on #he concep#s brough#
+or#h b. #he ins#iga#or ra#her #han on s#ric#l. on #he
end resul#0 I# is no longer a =ues#ion o+ in+il#ra#ing public space, bu# o+ pene#ra#ing #he collec#i$e
imagina#ion0 Conse=uen#l., #he ac#ors #hemsel$es
become encompassed -i#hin #he in+il#ra#ion and ac#
as agen#s o+ i#0 "or #he rela#ional shi+# #o occur, i#
mus# be an e7pression o+ #he people as an in#egral
par# o+ #he con#e7#0
B
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"ig0 # L A: #ulic Loitering Area, submi##ed b. Acron.mia,
;i$erpool/ h##p/adap#i$eac#ions0ne#ac#ion!B!
The role o+ #he ins#iga#or in #his par#icular si#ua#ionis #o encourage a di++eren# a##i#ude, ini#ia#e a ne-
prac#ice, e7change ideas, share >no-ledge ands>ills0 This pro6ec# e7plores, promo#es and
encourages dail. ac#ions, -a.s #o s#imula#e ac#i$e
and commi##ed par#icipa#ion and #o challenge
organi3ed space as -ell as imposed mo$emen# pa##erns, b. crea#ing posi#i$e #ensions, measuring
and #es#ing #he limi#s o+ #olera#ed appropria#ion0 A
mul#iplici#. o+ ac#ions % such as displacing and
lea$ing a chair in an un+oreseen place$ % can ha$e
an impac# on our urban li$es0
Interstitial Experiments
In ;i$erpool, one is s#ruc> b. #he =uan#i#. o+ urban
plo#s 3oned as pulic land bu# designed #o remain in
disuse, +enced o++0 A pro6ec# -i#h benches
under#a>en #here, en#i#led #ulic Loitering Areavi,
and aimed a# adding an addi#ional elemen# #o #he
+enced)o++ proper#. is a good e7ample o+ a one)o++
sporadic space)ac#i$a#ing micro)ac#ion0 The pro6ec#
o++ered local residen#s #he oppor#uni#. #o par#icipa#e
b. placing a bench on si#e or b. proposing an
al#erna#e loca#ion0 A+#er launching #his urban ac#ion
-i#h se$eral benches, o#hers 6oined in and ins#alled
man. o#her benches on .e# more si#es, an ini#ia#i$e
#ha# con#inued +or se$eral mon#hs$ii
0
This pro6ec# and o#her adap#i$e ac#ions are mos#
commonl. micro)ac#ions and cons#i#u#e one +orm o+
residen# par#icipa#ion complemen#ar. #o
con$en#ional or non)con$en#ional -a.s o+ building
or #o $arious)scale in#er$en#ions0 icro, in#ers#i#ial
ac#ions comple#e and ac#i$a#e large s#ruc#ures
incapable o+, and no# concei$ed +or, adap#a#ion #o
cons#an#l. changing local and global reali#ies0 The.
gi$e +le7ibili#. #o large s#ruc#ures sub6ec# #o
increasingl. complica#ed regula#ions, legal
obliga#ions, e#c0
Places and Non-places
In on#real, Canada, in #he la#e 1s, a Por#uguese
Pla3a -as designed #o commemora#e and mirror #he
charac#er o+ a local neighbourhood0 Toda., $ir#uall.
all Por#uguese residen#s ha$e reloca#ed and #his $er.
speci+ic cul#ural space is le+# as a s#range relic #ha#
in no -a. ans-ers #he con#e7#ual uses o+ curren#
residen#s0
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"ig0: $esidual spaces, submi##ed b. Surplus/
h##p/---0adap#i$eac#ions0ne#ac#ion
Con#rar. #o #he mo$emen# and circula#ion o+ people
#ha# charac#erise #hese inner)ci#. neighbourhoods
-here iden#i#. and speci+ici#. are in con#inual
change, #he archi#ec#ure o+ #he Por#uguese Pla3a in
on#real is permanen#0 In #he ?s, #his pos#)
modern re#urn #o con#e7# -as -elcomed and brough# a much)needed deba#e +ollo-ing decades o+
taula rasa, al#hough residen#, user, and con#e7#speci+ici#ies -ere e7pressed in a #radi#ional -a. and
#hrough permanen# archi#ec#ural elemen#s and
con$en#ional means0 This Pla3a brings up #he
=ues#ion/ should good archi#ec#ure or ci#. design o+
#oda. s#ill e7press local cul#ural speci+ici#.8 Could
i# no# be e7plored #hrough o#her +orms o+ ac#ions,
addi#ions and e$en#s, be #hem #emporar.8
In #his case and man. o#hers, ci#i3en appropria#ion
or ac#ions represen# an in#eres#ing al#erna#i$e #oadap#ing buildings #o #he +lo- o+ changes and
enable ac#i$a#ion and meaning #o man. di++eren#
public spaces0 Increased mobili#. and popula#ion
mo$emen#s, as -ell as accelera#ion phenomena,
displace people in places -hich ha$e no personal
memories or personal connec#ions #o desires000
Curren# and +re=uen# displacemen#s en#ail #he need
+or personal appropria#ion in order #o bringcharac#er and singulari#. #o spaces -hich ma. be
#oo generic or, con$ersel., #oo speci+ic #o +os#er a
sense o+ belonging0
@h. do some people lo$e $acan# lo#s or abandoned
buildings so much8 Perhaps because #heir
unde#ermined and non)con#rolled na#ure o++ers a
sense o+ +reedomL #hese spaces are less res#ric#i$e
-hen i# comes #o e7pressing di++eren# +eelings o+
anger, ecs#as. or despair0 nde+ined places o++er
real or imaginar. space +or adap#i$e +orms o+ uses
and personal e7pression0 Speci+ici#. is cons#ruc#ed,
nego#ia#ed and brough# +or#h b. users and uses0
"ig0 "irt %i&ing , submi##ed b. AA, on #he peripher. o+
#he ;ondon 2!2 Ol.mpic Si#e
In +ac#, some people migh# +eel less a# ease on #he
s#ree#s o+ beau#i+ul and his#orical "lorence $ersus a
generic shopping mall0 Parado7icall. -e could sa.#ha# #oda., o$erl. pro#ec#ed and si#e)speci+ic places
are in +ac# non)places$iii % and #ha# h.per)+unc#ional
non)places, al-a.s undergoing repairs or cons#an#l.
mu#a#ing are ac#ual places0 Pho#o documen#s, ar#is#-or>, and #es#imonies sho-, con#rar. #o general
belie+, #ha# non)places, generic spaces such as
airpor#s or malls, crea#e rela#ional and his#orical
cons#ruc#ionsi70 In Hor#h America, seniors ob6ec# #o
#he demoli#ion o+ local malls % perhaps #he onl.,
and #heir mos# impor#an#, public space +or
ga#hering70 These unplanned and #emporar. group
or indi$idual uses, #hese singular +orms o+appropria#ions are o+#en in$isible bu# #he. lea$e
signs and #races re$ealed #hrough -ha# "ran>
Hober# calls narra#i$e brea>s7i0 Pascal Hicolas);e)
S#ra# e7plains i# more #horoughl. in his recen# #e7#
+or #he Adap#i$e Ac#ions publica#ion0
(nli&e uildings or spaces, use often eludes the
wor& of mapping) so it ecomes vital to chronicle,
to tell the tale of these uses * to construct a story
from them, with them, without these storiesecoming ound up within a single interpretative
frame! (se ta&es form imperfectly) it cannot ereduced to a single way of eing used! The
constitution+ of a use is inseparale from the
multiplicity of accounts that it gives room to of
sociologists, photographers, fictions,
conversations, it is indivisile from this insistent
murmuring that ears witness to the presence of
use7ii!+
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"ig0( (se Traces, -al>ing as a++irma#ion and spa#ialin+le7ions, submi##ed b. "HJ"P, crea#ed b. De#roi#
residen#0
Open Process and Architectural Appropriations
Integrated to Future uilding!
The submi##ed ac#ion Atwater 7iii % bird +eeders
ins#alled on #he balcon. o+ a large repe#i#i$e
concre#e #o-er % re$eals an in#eres#ing addi#ion, a
9possibl.< missing elemen# in #he concep#ion o+ #his
impor#an# #-en#.)+i$e)+loor, !G)me#re)long
residen#ial pro6ec#0 En$ironmen#al s#udies ha$e
pro$en #ha# similar #o-ers in urban cen#res ha$e a
nega#i$e impac# on bird li+e/ #he. crea#e barriers,
disrup# +ligh# pa##erns and reduce sources o+ +ood0This re$ealed ac#ion, #he ini#ia#or o+ -hich is
un>no-n, could ser$e as an indica#or, a sign o+ an
un+ul+illed need, and be in#egra#ed in#o a ne-
archi#ec#ural pro6ec# and programme0
Through similar documen#ed ac#ions, Adap#i$e
Ac#ions e7plores and gi$es $alue #o non)linear,
con#inuous cons#ruc#ion processes -i#h phases
9concep#ion, produc#ion, pos#)produc#ion,
"ig0! Atwater , submi##ed b. a7pro, on#real/
h##p/adap#i$eac#ions0ne#ac#ionG
"ig0!! #essac, France 9;e Corbusier<
dra-ing submi##ed b. 5obb./
h##p/adap#i$eac#ions0ne#ac#ion:G
managemen#M< -here dis#inc#ions are a##enua#ed
and #ransi#ions less bru#al or e$en non)e7is#en#0 As
S#ephen @righ# s#a#es abou# ar# in a broad sense, i#?s
abou# #hin>ing Nin #erms o+ i#s speci+ic means 9i#s
#ools< ra#her #han i#s speci+ic ends 9ar#-or>s, accelera#ed c.cles, changed
a##i#udes and roles0 5uildings, li>e ci#ies, are li$ing
en#i#ies, change cons#an#l. in unpredic#able -a.sand need #o be cons#an#l. re#hough# #hrough all
#hese c.cles ra#her #han simpl. buil# and
demolished7$0 All buildings are ini#iall. biased and
adhere #o a programme0 5uildings -ould #hus becons#an#l. obser$ed, moni#ored, re#hough# and
re-or>ed0 Kesiden#s, #hrough in#ui#ion and
obser$a#ion, ma. sugges# ac#ions #ha#, -i#h more
means and +ur#her discussion, could progressi$el.ma#erialise0
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"ig0!2 $esilient .ity, submi##ed b. "HJ"P, De#roi#/
h##p/adap#i$eac#ions0ne#ac#ionB
"ransformable and Automated Architecture
To +acili#a#e appropria#ions and allo- adap#a#ions,
man. +le7ible and mobile a##ribu#es are presen#l.
being e7plored and in#egra#ed in#o s#ruc#ures0 The
concep#ualisa#ion o+ such de$ices raises man.
issues and challenges0 To -ha# e7#en# should or can
ob6ec#s or de$ices be con#e7#ualised #o changing
si#ua#ions, users and ne- parame#ers8 oreo$er, #o
-ha# e7#en# can #he. ans-er #he dis#inc#i$e needs o+
users, o+ a programme or speci+ic e$en#8 To #ha#
e++ec#, $arious s#ra#egies +or con#e7#)adap#a#ion o+
de$ices can be in#roduced/ posi#ioning and se##ing
modes, designs -i#h componen#)modi+ica#ion or
collapsible +unc#ions, dimensional $aria#ions000
o-e$er, man. #rans+ormable de$ices or
cons#ruc#ion elemen#s ha$e ne$er been #es#ed orins#iga#ed b. users and man. mu#a#i$e possibili#ies
are $as#l. deemed s.mbolic0 an. di++icul#ies arisein using uni#s concei$ed -i#h #rans+ormable and
ad6us#able de$ices0 Changing elemen#s are o+#en no#
ins#iga#ed +or $arious reasons/ o$erl. complica#ed
or non)+unc#ional, #oo #ime)consuming or
unnecessar., or simpl. no# corresponding #o #he real
need +or change0 os# mu#a#i$e a##ribu#es are
u#opian and o++er li##le indi$idual inno$a#ion
coe++icien#0
There are e++ec#i$e ris>s rela#ed #o #rans+orma#ion)
based aes#he#ics, #o de$ice concep#s -i#h no real po#en#ial +or useL +or ins#ance, pillar)shaped
billboards 9orris< are unusable due #o #he
impossibili#. o+ modi+ica#ion, inoperable mobili#.
and grea# comple7i#., rendering permanen# #ha#
-hich -as supposed #o be #emporar.0
In #he research pro6ec# Adaptive /ouse7$i, adap#a#ion
is, con$ersel., e++or#less0 undreds o+ sensors
sur$e. mo$emen# and beha$iour, and a cen#ral
compu#er hub anal.ses and s#ores #he da#a and #hen
crea#es pa##erns o+ uses0 Programming is done and
ad6us#ed b. compu#ers0 Tempera#ures are adap#ed #o bod. ac#i$i#./ higher #empera#ures i+ inac#i$e, lo-eri+ $er. ac#i$eM To coun#er curren# building
ine++iciencies, archi#ec#s are presen#l. in$en#ing and
e7ploring a ne- sel+)re+eren#ial and sel+)mu#a#ing
digi#al and au#oma#ed archi#ec#ure #ha# could
main#ain cons#an# dialogue -i#h i#s en$ironmen# and
#he human bod.L i# -ould necessi#a#e li##le human
par#icipa#ion, inpu# or ac#i$a#ion0 These buildings
pre)programmed +or change, -hich cons#an#l.
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"ig0!B Sea 0ats vs /umans, submi##ed b. "ran*ois,
iami 5each/ h##p/---0adap#i$eac#ions0ne#ac#ion:
sur$e. and anal.se users and con#e7# 9in rela#ion #o#he bod. ra#her #han #he in#ellec#e shape0 5. lea$ing unde#ermined and un)
programmed spaces in buildings, archi#ec#s could
con#ribu#e #o #heir de$elopmen#0 "unds could be
alloca#ed #o +u#ure programming o+ e$en#s and
possible #rans+orma#ions #ha# could be coordina#ed
b. a group o+ ci#i3ens0 o-e$er, #he possibili#. o+ buildings changing progressi$el., more organicall.,
-i#hou# resor#ing #o #radi#ional grand schemes and
ges#ures, necessi#a#es an ideological shi+#0 As long
as represen#a#ional space con#inues #o domina#e
inno$a#ion and e7plora#ion, li##le change can occur0
The predominan# emphasis on aes#he#ics, +orms and
signs o$er e7perience, ideas or uses is cer#ainl. one
o+ #he bigges# obs#acles #o crea#ing a ne- and
al#erna#i$e archi#ec#ure0 This archi#ec#ure is less
orien#ed on #he +inal produc# and more on #he Nuse
$alueN7$ii and -ha# Anne uerrien calls #he building
Nenuncia#ionN7$iii0 The in#eres# and desire are #here,
bu# academic, pro+essional and media pressure limi#
and con#rol e7plora#ions, and s#i+le inspira#ion and
crea#i$e possibili#ies0 o- can -e ge# be.ond mere
curiosi#. and amusemen# and ac#uall. begin #o
implemen# #hese changes8 Adap#i$e ac#ions are
o+#en seen as indi$idualis#ic, personal, +ragmen#ar.and spon#aneous0 Since #hese ac#ions are unplanned,
rarel. #hough# #hrough globall. % i0e0, in rela#ion #o
#he building as a -hole and #he ci#. % #he. are o+#en
considered undesirable, o+ li##le $alue and
uncons#ruc#i$e0
ncoordina#ed residen# adap#i$e ac#ions can
nega#i$el. al#er #he o$erall $isual +orce o+
e7pression o+ a building b. crea#ing unplanned
addi#ions0 o-e$er, man. user adap#a#ions are
posi#i$e, a normal e$olu#ion #o cons#ruc#ion as a
nuance or cri#i=ue o+ a building, and should#here+ore in man. cases be encouraged and
re$ie-ed be+ore #he. are remo$ed7i70 O+ course,
inpu# +rom a media#or or coordina#or can balance
#he needs and re=uiremen#s o+ all par#ies,
recogni3ing #he $alue o+ aes#he#ics, ma#erials, urban
and building design, as -ell as #a>ing in#o accoun# a
crucial elemen# o+ all such aspec#s/ usage, -hich is
undoub#edl. more e++icien# upon considera#ion o+
#he users1 perspec#i$e0 4er. li##le #hough# and #ime
are gi$en, and budge#s alloca#ed, #o pos#)produc#ion,
in order #o pursue, impro$e, implemen# and adap#
cons#ruc#ions +or $arious and changing users0Kesiden# adap#i$e ac#ions prolong #he li+e o+
buildings b. progressi$el. adap#ing #heir
en$ironmen#s in a number o+ small, sus#ainable
s#ages, #hus a$oiding accelera#ed or prema#ure
dilapida#ion as -ell as #he need #o resor# #o large)scale urban)rene-al pro6ec#s0
Jean)"ran*ois Pros#, 2(
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iPart of the Canada Council for the Arts International Residency program, hosted by SPACE in Hackney, LondonEast Endii!"es Citton, Puissance de la variation, Maurizio Lazzarato, #ultitudes $%, pp&'()$%% and book * Puissancesde l'invention. La psychologie économique de Gabriel Tarde contre économie politique , also published at Lesemp+cheurs de penser en rond, $%%$iii A series of open houses- and .orkshops .ere organised at SPACE /London0 to discuss se"eral proposedactions or conte1t of inter"ention ) see 2lympic .alks and suppers follo.ing the All Aboard action/...adapti"eactionsnet3action34530
i$Such as 6esche 7uerfel-s action uilding the !uture" .hich reused the All Aboard action paint to erasepictures taken by this urban photographer of the past and lost Lo.er Lea 8alley in London/...adapti"eactionsnet3action39:30$ Also such as the All Aboard action /...adapti"eactionsnet3action34&30$i Adapti"e Actions is the continuation of prior research initiated at the Li"erpool ;iennial $%%5 ) Public Loitering
Area* ...adapti"eactionsnet3action3$&3$ii A ne. phase of this proor accounts and testimonies, see .ebsite* ...deadmallscom1i@obert, >rank, #arrative rea$s in Adapti"e Actions /D Edition0. Adapti"e Actions SPACE, London, pp (%)(&1ii@icolas)Le Strat, Pascal /$%%:0 Micropolitics o% &ses in Adapti"e Actions /D Edition0. Adapti"e Actions SPACE, London, pp 9()5$7iii>or further detail* ...adapti"eactionsnet3action3(&37i$7right, Stephen, The %uture o% the reciprocal readymade an essay on use value and art related practice ,Parachute &&(, p&$F
1"CorboG, Andr? /$%%&0 Le territoire comme palimpseste et autres essais ditions L-imprimeur, Paris7$i ...adapti"eactionsnet3action35(37$iiidem, 7right, Stephen p&$F7$iiiuerrien, Anne, !abriquer des seuils ( une troisi)me nature, #ultitudes no$%, Spring $%%91i1Such as the housing prorance, transformed by residents and currently beingrestored to its original state Series of modifications described and addressed in Philippe ;oudon-s book* Pessacde Le Corbusier Junod, Paris /&:5( &:'F0
I#A6E CREJIKS>ig &* Hannah Bickling and 8alerie SaleG>ig $, >ig 5, >ig (, >ig ', >ig&F*Bean)>ranois Prost>ig F * #artin Jufrasne>ig &% * Bean)#a1ime Jufresne Bean)>ranois Prost>ig 4, >ig9, >ig :, fig &$ * >rank @obert Bean)>ranois Prost
>ig 5 * >ederico >iga Kalamanca>ig && * Robert Prost
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